Pillars of Hercules. Pillars of Hercules. “Pillars of Hercules”: the origin of phraseological units

18 kilometers from the Moroccan city of Tangier on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea at the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, the famous Pillars of Hercules are located. These are the mountains of Jebel Musa and Abila. The other border of the strait is on the northern side - this is the Rock of Gibraltar, which belongs to Great Britain. According to the ancient Greek myth, it was here that Hercules drove the cows stolen from the giant Geryon, and broke a passage for them in the rock, which became the Strait of Gibraltar. In ancient times, sailors considered the Pillars of Hercules to be the end of the world, so the expression “to reach the Pillars of Hercules” is now used to mean “to the extreme point.” Plato argued that it was behind them that the mysterious Atlantis was located. In the pillars there are caves preserved from Neolithic times, where archaeologists have found many interesting exhibits from this era. In the Middle Ages, wealthy Europeans used these caves for joyful picnics. Nowadays there are always a lot of merchants here from whom you can buy wonderful souvenirs.

Pillars of Hercules, or

Esoteric meaning

two columns Jachin and Boaz,

personification of guides

printer

Even at the dawn of civilization, the entrance to sacred and mysterious places was guarded by two columns. In art and architecture, two columns are an archetypal symbol, symbolizing an important portal or passage into the unknown. Among the “masons,” the pillars are named Jachin and Boaz and are one of the most easily recognizable symbols of the community, widely known in “commissioned” art, documents and buildings.

Let's consider the origin of this eternal symbol.

The concept of two pillars at the gates of holy places can be attributed to the ancient civilizations of antiquity, including those from Atlantis, the lost source of hermetic knowledge [N.B../: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermeticism- this is the doctrine of the highest laws of nature, subject to both the principle of causality and the principle of analogy].

The symbolic meaning of columns since time immemorial is to guard the gates to holy places and mysterious kingdoms. They mark a transition to the unknown and to another world.

Many people confuse the Pillars of Hercules (Pillars of Hercules) with the Pillars of Hercules. The fact is that this mythological concept has a completely different meaning than the geographical object that will be discussed further.

PILLARS OF HERCULES(Latin), Pillars of Hercules (Greek), Pillars of Melkart (Phoenician), the ancient name of the water surface of the Strait of Gibraltar. In Greek mythology, the pillars erected by Hercules ( cm. HERCULES) at the edge of the world in memory of his wanderings [http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/73560].

PILLARS OF HERCULES(lat. Columnae Herculis) is a name used in Antiquity to designate the heights flanking the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars of Hercules].

The northern rock/pillar/column (from the European side) is the Rock of Gibraltar (located in the British possession of Gibraltar), and the Southern pillar (from the North African side, in Morocco) is Mount Abila, located next to Ceuta [or Mount Acho, or Mount Jebel Musa in Tangier, Morocco]. The Rock of Gibraltar and the mountains of North Africa are two rocks between which the Strait of Gibraltar flows. According to legend, Hercules (Hercules) broke through the mountains on his way, and the resulting passage filled the Strait of Gibraltar. [ http://www.turinfo.ru/attractions/gerkulesovi-stolbi ]

Greek myths, later borrowed by the Romans, tell of the 12 labors of Hercules, one of which was the theft of the cows of the giant Geryon. It is believed that these rocks were placed by Hercules during his tenth labor, on a journey to retrieve the cows of Geryon.

According to Strabo [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabo], who in turn quoted Pindar [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindar], it follows that during his journey to West Hercules marked the farthest point of his route. This point served as the border for sailors in ancient times, therefore, in a figurative sense, “the pillars of Hercules” are the edge of the world, the limit of the world, and the expression “to reach the pillars of Hercules” means “to reach the limit.”

Some Roman sources claim that when the Atlas Mountains stood in the way of Hercules, he did not climb them, but cut his way through, thus creating the Strait of Gibraltar and connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. Two mountains formed along the banks of the strait began to be named after the hero. Diodorus Siculus, on the contrary, argued that Hercules did not break through the isthmus, but, on the contrary, narrowed the already existing channel so that monsters from the ocean could not get into the Mediterranean Sea. According to Plato, mythical Atlantis located behind the Pillars of Hercules.

Estimated view of the lost western part of the Peitinger table [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peitinger table], showing the Pillars of Hercules ("Columne Ercole") [https://otvet.mail.ru/question/64611403]

Coast of African Morocco ( autonomous city of Ceuta, Spanish colony) is located just 10 km of the water surface of the Strait of Gibraltar from European Spain (the British military base of Gibraltar). [http://users.livejournal.com/-pentagon-/4356.html]

According to the myth, Hercules installed two giant statues in this place, placed on high columns. Since then, this point began to serve as the border of the other world for ancient sailors. Therefore, to this day the expression to reach the “Pillars of Hercules” means “to reach the edge, to the limit.” It is believed that the son of the god Zeus and Alcmene even narrowed the Strait of Gibraltar in order to prevent monsters living in the “otherworldly” world, with which the Atlantic Ocean was associated, from entering the Mediterranean Sea. A creation of nature or the son of God, in any case, amazes even the most sophisticated and experienced travelers with its beauty and mystery. Indeed, here you get the impression that you are at the end of the world. [ http://snovadoma.ru/places/interes/hercules/ ]

According to Plato, two statues on high columns were installed on the Rock of Gibraltar and the opposite rock of Abila, representing a kind of gateway from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic. In 711, the Arabs, under the leadership of Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led a large army across the Strait of Gibraltar, “for the glory of Allah” destroyed the statues along with the columns.

The Moors were the first to appreciate the strategic importance of the Rock. In 711, having crossed a narrow strait, they invaded Spain and built a castle on the northern ledge of the rock facing Spain, which is now called Moorish. They named the fortress after their leader Tariq ibn Said - 'Jebel al-Tariq' (=Mountain of Tariq). Over time, this name turned into Gibraltar, and the city under construction, and subsequently the strait, began to be called the same. For the Moors, the fortress of Mount Tariq became the first outpost in Europe, from where they launched daring raids across the mountains and seas.

One of the Gibraltar legends says: “Every mountain requires worship. If you want to understand Mount Tariq, conquer its peak. And only when the sky above it becomes unnaturally close will the secret of these places be revealed to you.”

However, numerous conquerors did not flock to Gibraltar for a secret. With varying degrees of success, the fortress was besieged by the Normans, Castilians, Spaniards... In 1309, Alonso Perez de Guzman captured the fortress on behalf of the Spanish king Ferdinand IV and turned it into a place of exile for criminals. However, the Moors soon regained it, and only in 1462 did the Spaniards recapture the peninsula.

Less than 100 years had passed before a new siege began. This time, Algerian pirates became very interested in Gibraltar, but the approaches to the fortress were so well fortified that for a long time it was considered impregnable. The Spaniards held Gibraltar in their hands for 250 years.

At the beginning of the 18th century, due to the intensified struggle of the major European powers, Gibraltar became the object of their colonial aspirations. In 1704, during the struggle for the Spanish Succession, English and Dutch privateers landed on Gibraltar. The Spanish garrison resisted for only one day, after which Admiral of the English fleet George Rooke raised the flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the Rock. Thus, the British crown acquired a new possession, which was formally secured by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.

The tenth article of this treaty stated:

“The Catholic King, on behalf of his heirs and successors, cedes to the Crown of Great Britain the full and undivided possession of the city and castle of Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications and forts.”

But Spain, of course, did not accept the loss of Gibraltar and tried many times to regain it. The most dramatic was the fourteenth siege of the Rock, which lasted 4 years. Since 1779, Gibraltar was besieged by the combined forces of the Spanish and French armies, but repeated assaults were unsuccessful.

It seemed that the British had come to Gibraltar forever, as numerous posters on the walls said. ‘Gibraltar will remain British!’ the bright postcards assured. Therefore, it is not surprising that large military forces were concentrated here. The British turned the Rock into a well-equipped fortress.

A favorite symbol of Gibraltar is the image of the keys: the castle is the Rock itself, and the keys are held by the one who owns it. And many people wanted to own Gibraltar: over the centuries, various states, distant and close, never tired of picking up the keys to the treasured castle.

Until the 8th century there were no permanent settlements here, although the strait was already known to Roman and Greek geographers under the names Calpe and Abila. Kalpe on the European coast, together with Abila on the African coast, according to the concepts of the ancients, constituted the famous Pillars of Hercules, beyond which for a very long time sailors did not dare to go. [http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/ugolieok/post337041360/ ]

The Pillars of Hercules, guarding the passage into the unknown.

Plato believed that the lost kingdom of Atlantis lay beyond the Pillars of Hercules, in the region of the unknown. Renaissance traditions say that the pillars carried a warning -

And also “Non plus ultra” =

“Nothing further beyond”, which means

(through the work of translators, of course) -

"Nothing except",

"Nothing but"

although I personally (preserving the Latin play on words) would translate it like this:

serving as a “warning” to sailors and navigators that there is no need to go further, morally unprepared.

It is symbolic that “Exiting the Pillars of Hercules” can mean leaving the illusions of the material world and achieving a higher level of enlightenment.

The answer in Latin is: Alea iacta est.

[ “hint” - here – https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_Rubicon ])

Two columns, known as the Pillars of Hercules in ancient Greece, stood as gateways to the realm of enlightenment

The title page of Francis Bacon's book "The New Atlantis" with the image of the Pillars of Hercules as a gateway to the new world. According to the legends of occultism, Atlantis is the civilization in which all hermetic knowledge arose. Reviving this lost kingdom has been the dream of secret teachings for centuries

“The city of chosen philosophers rises to the highest mountain peak on Earth, but the wise gods live together in eternal bliss. In the foreground are the symbolic Pillars of Hercules, which appear on the title page of Bacon’s “Novum Organum” [ https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bacon,_Francis ], and between them runs the path that leads upward from the uncertainty of the earth to the ideal the order that is established in the sphere of the enlightened.” – Manly P. Hall,Lectures on Ancient Philosophy

* Mentions in “Freemasons” *

The specific use of the terms Jachin and Boaz comes from the biblical description of King Solomon's Temple. The architect of the temple was Hiram Abifa, who is also the main figure in all Masonic rituals. Verses 6:1-38, and chapters 7 and 8 of 1 Kings, describe the size, construction, and dedication of Solomon's temple. One passage describes more specifically two pillars at the temple entrance:

"15. and he made two copper pillars, each eighteen cubits high, and an embossed cord of twelve cubits embraced [the circumference of] both pillars;

16 And he made two crowns cast of brass to place on the top of the pillars: five cubits high in one crown, and five cubits high in the other crown;

17. nets of woven work and laces embossed as chains for the crowns that were on the top of the pillars: seven on one crown and seven on the other crown.

18. So he made pillars and two rows of pomegranates around a net to cover the crowns that were on the top of the pillars; I did the same for the other crown.

19. And in the porch the crowns on the top of the pillars are made [in the likeness of a lily], four cubits long,

20. and the crowns on both pillars at the top, right above the bulge, which is near the net; and on another crown, in rows all around, two hundred pomegranates.

21. And he set up the pillars for the porch of the temple; He placed a pillar on the right side and gave it the name Jachin, and placed a pillar on the left side and gave it the name Boaz. /www.bibleonline.ru/bible/nrt/11/07/).

Artistic interpretation of Solomon's Temple

Records of Solomon's Temple are of great importance in Freemasonry, since every detail of the building carries an important esoteric meaning. The two pillars act as a “portal to the mysterious” and stand on either side of the entrance to the “Holy of Holies.”

“According to the ancient rabbis, Solomon was initiated into the secret teachings and the temple he built is actually an initiation house containing accumulated pagan philosophical and phallic emblems. The pomegranates, the columns crowned with palm leaves, the pillars in front of the door, the Babylonian cherubs, and the arrangement of the halls and drapery, all point to a temple that was built on the model of the shrines of Egypt and Atlantis” - Manly P. Hall, The Secret Teachings of All Ages [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall,_Manly_Palmer]

Here is Albert Pike's description of the pillars in a text intended for “recruits”:

“You enter our Lodge between two columns. They represent two columns that stood in the vestibule of the Temple, on each side of the great eastern vestibule. These columns, made of bronze, four fingers wide in thickness, were, according to the most reliable estimates given in the third and fourth books of Kings, which is confirmed by Jeremiah, eighteen cubits in height, with a capital of five cubits. The base of each was four cubits in diameter. A cubit is equal to 1.707 feet (52 cm, but in the Second Temple era two cubit values were used - 40 and 48 cm). This means that the base of each was just over thirty feet eight inches high, the capital just over eight feet six inches high, and the base diameter six feet ten inches. The capitals were lined with bronze garnets, covered with bronze designs, and decorated with bronze wreaths, and appear to have imitated the shape of the lotus seed or the Egyptian lily, a sacred symbol for the Hindus and Egyptians. The pillar on the right, or south, was named, as the Hebrew word in the translation of the Bible, Jachin, and the left - Boaz, and some translators believe that the first word means "He must establish", the second - "This is our strength."

These columns were imitations, made by Hurum of Tyre, of the great columns dedicated to wind and fire, at the entrance to the famous Temple of Malqart, in the city of Tyre. It is common in the York Lodge rite to see the celestial globe on one side and the terrestrial globe on the other, but this is not justified if the object were to imitate the original of the two columns of the temple.

We will leave the symbolic meaning of these pillars unexplained for now, only adding that the new student holds a working tool in the column of Jachin, and this gives you the etymology and literal meaning of these two names.

The word Jachin, in Hebrew, is probably pronounced Ya-Kayan, and means, as a verbal noun, HE who strengthens, and therefore calm, steady, honest. The word Boaz, or Baaz, which means strong, strength, power, power, refuge, source of strength, fortress. The prefix means "with" or "in" and gives the word the meaning of a gerund - "Fortification". The first word also means that he will set, or put in an upright position, from the verb Kuna, he straightened up. This probably means active and life-giving energies and forces, and Boaz, stability, permanence, in a passive sense.” – Albert Pike, Morality_and_Dogma_[ https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality_and_Dogma_(book) ]

Two columns on a Masonic chessboard

Two columns in the building of the Masonic lodge

Monument in Israel with two columns

Priestess in the Tarot card, seated between Boaz and Jachin

* Esoteric meaning, or
third "column" *

Like most occult symbols, Masonic columns carry many levels of meaning, some accessible to the uninitiated and others known to the highest ranks of Freemasons. However, it is generally accepted that Jachin and Boaz represent a balance of opposing forces.

“These were the names [Jachin and Boaz] of two columns cast in brass and installed on the porch of King Solomon’s temple. They were eighteen cubits high and beautifully decorated with wreaths of chains, patterns and garnets. At the top of each pillar was a large vessel - now erroneously interpreted as a ball or sphere - one of the bowls probably contained fire and the other water. The celestial globe (originally a bowl of fire), crowning the right column (Jakhin), symbolizes the divine man, the globe (a container of water), crowning the left column (Boaz), means the earthly man. These two pillars respectively also mean active and passive emanations of Divine energy, the sun and the moon, sulfur and salt, good and evil, light and darkness. Between them there is a door leading to the house of God and, being installed at the gate of the sanctuary, they are a reminder that Jehovah appears as an androgynous and anthropomorphic entity. As two parallel columns, they represent the zodiac signs Cancer and Capricorn, which were previously placed in the initiation hall to represent birth and death - the extremes of physical life. They signify the summer and winter solstices respectively, as is known to Freemasons under the relatively new name of ‘the two St. Johns’.” – Albert Pike, Morality and Dogma

Aleph is a man; Beth is a woman

1 - principle, 2 - word,

A – active, B – passive;

Unity is Boaz, Double is Jachin.

In Chinese trigrams, a single line is Yang, a double line is Yin.

Boaz and Jachin are the names of two symbolic columns that stood in front of the main door of the Kabbalistic Temple of Solomon. These two columns explain in the Kabbalah all the mysteries of antagonism, whether natural, political or religious; they also explain the productive struggle between man and woman, for, according to the law of nature, a woman must resist a man, and he must seduce or subjugate her. The “active” principle seeks the “passive” principle, “fullness” is in love with “emptiness”, the symbolic snake’s throat attracts its tail, and rotating it runs away from itself and pursues itself...

The final union of reason and faith will be achieved not by their absolute distinction and separation, but by mutual control and fraternal cooperation. This is the meaning of the two columns of Solomon's portico, one of which is called Jachin and the other Boaz, one white and the other black. They are different and separated, they are even seemingly opposite; but if a blind force wants to bring them together and unite them, the vault of the temple will collapse, since separated they have the same strength, but united they represent two mutually annihilating forces. For the same reason, spiritual power immediately weakens itself as soon as it wants to usurp secular power, and secular power perishes as a victim of its seizures of spiritual power. Gregory VII destroyed the papacy, and schismatic kings destroyed and will destroy the monarchy. Human balance requires two legs, the worlds gravitate towards two forces, birth requires two sexes. This is the meaning of the mystery of Solomon, depicted by the two columns of the temple, Jachin and Boaz.”– Eliphas Levi,The doctrine and ritual of high magic [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphas_Levi]

It is believed that the unity of the two columns turns into a third column, in the middle, which esoterically represents man and humanity.

“When two pillars find balance between them, it means the union of Sushumna and Kundalini. This sacred marriage will create “Fire-Mist” to radiate throughout the human body, filling it with the will of divine Light. This is what humanity will become the third pillar of the Temple of Wisdom. He/she will be a column formed by the union of strength (Jachin) and beauty (Boaz). This act is the 'Forgotten Word' in vibration system of physical embodiment of the soul.” – Corinne Heline, Old Testament Bible Interpretations The Bible and the Tarot [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinne_Heline ]

The combination of the two opposing forces of the two columns produces the central column - the perfect man - Hercules.

*Kabbalistic meaning*

In Kabbalistic teaching, Jachin and Boaz represent the two columns of the “spheres of knowledge” in the tree of life.

The relative position of the three columns of the spheres of knowledge and the three great columns

“In the mysterious Tree of the “spheres of knowledge” of the Jews, these two columns symbolize mercy and severity. Standing in front of the gates of King Solomon's Temple, these columns carried the same symbolic meaning as the obelisks in front of the sanctuaries of Egypt. In Kabbalistic interpretation, the names of the two pillars mean "In power shall My house be established." In a blaze of psychic and spiritual enlightenment, the high priest stood between the columns as a mute witness to the ideal balance - that hypothetical point equidistant from all extremes. Thus, he personifies the divine nature of man in the midst of his complex creation - the mysterious Pythagorean Monad in the presence of the Duad. On one side stood a huge pillar of intellect, and on the other, an insolent pillar of flesh. Halfway between these two stands the illustrious sage, but he cannot achieve this high stillness without first suffering on the cross, made by uniting these pillars with each other. The first Jews sometimes represented two columns, Jachin and Boaz, as the feet of Jehovah, which was read by a modern philosopher as Wisdom and Love - the most sublime feelings that support the entire order of the World Order - both worldly and supermundane.

The right column, which is called Jachin, has its foundation on Chochma, the outpouring of the Wisdom of G‑d; the three balls represented on it are all male abilities.

The column on the left is called Boaz. The three balls on it are feminine abilities and abilities for perception, for they are based on mutual understanding, receptivity and the ability to motherhood. Wisdom is seen as radiance and outpouring of feelings, and understanding as receptivity, or what fills the current wisdom. The three pillars ultimately unite into Malchut, in which all the power of the higher worlds is manifested.” - Eliphas Levi, The doctrine and ritual of high magic

* In pop culture, architecture and industry: *

Columns are sometimes used in pop culture for reasons other than decorative purposes to acquire esoteric meaning. Actions taking place between or passing through pillars, symbolically representing transformations or initiations, can be found in cases such as:

The cover of the first Harry Potter book, where he accidentally discovers that he is a wizard. His initiation is visually represented as moving through two columns. The original title of the book 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone' is 'The Philosopher's Stone', an ancient alchemical concept representing initiation.

Rapper Kenya West standing in the middle of a pair of columns in his deeply symbolic video 'Power' (K anye West 'Power', full length=04:54 ) – https://my.mail.ru/mail/sania1776/video/_myvideo/14.html ;

There is a parody in the stripped-down symbolism— https://youtu. be / Td 8 r 3 FHVeKs

(Above is an obscenely censored Youtube clip, alas)

Among the many esoteric symbols contained in the film “The Imaginarium of Doctor ParnAssus” (2009, dir. Terry Gilliam), two columns stand on either side of the stage.

Two columns standing in front of the IRS building in Kansas (Tax Service). Also note the dual black and white 'pattern' and the hands on top, known as the 'Mystery Hands'.

Two huge columns in the center of Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, a city in which the architecture and layout contain numerous elements of the occult, with an "oriental touch";

In the Chinese city of Hangzhou, they are planning to build unusual skyscraper towers Zhejiang Gate Towers, which will change color depending on the viewing angle. ‘Zhejiang’ from Chinese plays on the concept of “gate” and/or “portal”. The project was presented in June 2016 at the architectural bureau Laboratory for Visionary Architecture, which is known for using only environmentally friendly materials in construction.

Two columns serving as guides for the growing table 3 D - Products of the Hercules New printer. Also pay attention to the embodied symbolism in the perfect combination of “encrypted” numbers 4 – 1 – 3 – (4+2+4), as the formula for the “foundation” of creation 3 D.

The perfection of embodied power.

My version of modding the “third column” - I will give it a little lower, in the comments, including my attempts to post a video of adjustment and fitting.

The article was written to participate in a competition announced on the 3DToday website by Imprinta.

The Pillars of Hercules are one of the main natural attractions of Morocco, located 18 km from the large port city of Tangier. The Pillars of Hercules are two large rocks with the Strait of Gibraltar running between them. One of the rocks, located on the side of the European continent, belongs to Great Britain, and the second, on the side of the African continent, the Jebel Musa rock, belongs to the state of Morocco.

Scientists are still completely unknown about the exact history of the origin of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Pillars of Hercules. According to Greek mythology, the creator of this natural monument was the legendary Hercules (Hercules), who performed many heroic deeds. As Hercules traveled, he outlined the limiting point of his travels, marking the edge of the earth, which in ancient times became the main landmark for all sea travelers. Using the power gifted by the gods, he broke through the mountain, through which water gushed, and the Strait of Gibraltar was formed. And the two rocks remaining on its banks were named the Pillars of Hercules. According to Plato, it was behind the Pillars of Hercules that the mysterious Atlantis was located.

Both rocks are framed by deep caves, the creator of which, according to legend, was also the brave Hercules. In the Middle Ages, wealthy Europeans visited these caves for picnics. Nowadays, they are actively used by souvenir sellers, because every day a huge number of tourists come to see this magnificent miracle of nature. During high tides, all caves are completely filled with sea water.

In these caves, preserved since Neolithic times, archaeological excavations were repeatedly carried out, during which many interesting exhibits were found, including primitive tools.

The caves offer magnificent views of the Mediterranean Sea.

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We know from various historical sources that the Pillars of Hercules (Heracles) were erected on the shores of the Strait of Gibraltar in ancient times, possibly to control shipping through the strait. Reports about them were perceived as a fairy tale about ancient generations. It is known that 4-5 thousand years ago the Strait of Gibraltar was much narrower in width compared to its current position. Legends say that the strait then had devices that blocked its flow, similar to the converging rocks (symplegades, plancts, cyaneans) of the Bosporus Strait, through which the Argonauts sailed with the participation of Jason, Hercules and others to Colchis.

Robert Graves' book "Myths of Ancient Greece" says that the pillars of the cities of Abile (now Ceuta) and Calpe on both banks of Gibraltar were not erected by the Greek Hercules, but much earlier. These pillars were originally called the Pillars of Kron (who ruled in the Golden Age and was buried on Bely Island, near Yamal), and then the pillars of the giant Bioreus, whose power extended so far. But then, the name of Biorea (who was also called Egeon) was forgotten by subsequent generations of rulers as a result of repeated renaming. Over the past 2.5 millennia, oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, continents, mountains, countries, and peoples have also been renamed several times. It is possible that the Pillars of Hercules began to be called after the city of Tortes, located not far from Kalpa, allegedly founded by Hercules and called Heraclea. The massive ancient walls and sheepfolds are still on display here. Legends and traditions say that there was another, even more ancient Hercules, who bore the name Biorea. The repetition of the names of rulers, spiritual hierarchs, and heroes is observed in our time.
Ancient Greek legends mention that Hercules, during his next “feat” (the robbery of the fabulous bulls of Geryon), erected the Pillars of Hercules (Dictionary of Antiquity, M., 1992, p. 129). Written sources say nothing about the installation location of these pillars, their design and purpose. Probably in ancient times they were well known and considered a truism.
About 2.5 thousand years ago, the famous philosopher and scientist Plato, giving information about Atlantis, mentioned (as a landmark) the Pillars of Hercules, behind which Atlantis was located. Currently, official history indicates without evidence that the Pillars of Hercules are rocks located on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar, which are up to 426 meters above sea level. However, rocks are not pillars yet. A number of historians have pointed as an example to the higher mountains in the eastern Mediterranean, located on two neighboring islands - Samothrace (height 1600 m) and Gokceada (697 m), located in front of the Dardanelles Strait. In addition, there are many rock formations around the globe called pillars. They are available in many corners of the Earth. Only on the territory of Russia there are dozens of names of well-known pillars: Lena, Krasnoyarsk, Ural, Nizhneudinsk, etc. The origin of some of them is not entirely clear and requires further study.
But on Earth there are also other, real pillars and columns of gigantic size, which do not raise any doubt about the possibility of their installation by ancient man. These include megaliths - religious buildings made of huge stone blocks built from 2-3 thousand years BC. Megaliths include menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. They are found in many places in Europe, North Africa, America, the Caucasus, India, Siberia...
Analyzing the exploits and actions of Hercules, we can say that he had great physical strength and unbridled character, and used this for destruction and murder, but not for creation. He looked more like a warrior. He did not have the divine ability to build mountains, rocks like those located at the Strait of Gibraltar. A more realistic matter for Hercules was his participation in the installation of giant cult stones (menhirs) to atone for his many sins (the murder of his children, wife and other innocent people). Probably in those days these giant menhirs were called the Pillars of Hercules. They have survived to this day in Brittany, France, and other places.
The study of this menhir showed that around it there is a layered energy shell more than 0.5 m thick. The source of the energy field formation is the special structure of the stone, as well as the energy devices located inside the column in its heel and middle parts. The stone is installed on a special foundation pad that provides energy replenishment (see figure).

Pillar of Hercules (menhir in Brittany, France) and its energy field
The structure of the Pillar of Hercules (according to Koltsov I.E.)
Designations: 1 - view of the Pillar of Hercules; 2 - energy emitter inside the column; 3 - foundation cushion; 4 - mineral energy emitters (flint, amber, rare earth elements, etc.); 5 - energy flows.

The study of this menhir showed that around it there is a layered energy shell more than 0.5 m thick. The source of the energy field formation is the special structure of the stone, as well as the energy devices located inside the column in its heel and middle parts. The stone is installed on a special foundation cushion that provides energy replenishment.
It is possible that radioactive chemical materials are used as a source of energy field formation, which can be clarified using instruments. Similar pillars were created to form vertical energy field flows. The pillars were an integral part of a complex of other religious buildings. Legends say that by being near these stones, people get rid of many diseases. The location of these pillars is associated with a system of underground passages. The Pillars of Hercules, similar to the menhir from Brittany, were located on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. One pillar was on the northern shore of the strait, southwest of the city of Algesiris, and the second was on the southern shore, west of the city of Bensu. They were part of a whole complex of other structures that monitored the state of the strait and navigation. Over the millennia, much has been destroyed. The pillars are no longer there, but powerful invisible energy continues to be present in their places. It can be fixed with instruments. There should also be remains of the Pillars of Hercules in the ground. Legends and research give reason to believe that Hercules participated in the installation of the Pillars of Hercules on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Algerian city of Tenes. At the site of these pillars there are also strong energy field formations (flows). It is not difficult for modern technology to establish their former location.
In ancient times, the pillars of Hercules were in many parts of the globe and had various designs. For example, such pillars were located on both sides of the Bosphorus Strait in the northern part of the existing city of Istanbul (formerly Byzantine, Constantinople), in the Caucasus, the Urals, Greenland, etc. In the Bosphorus Strait, the Pillars of Hercules were also an integral part of the complex of structures. This complex also included giant hollow stones of a floating dam, which could float (move out) from the coastal channel across the current, blocking the strait, and, if necessary, settle to its bottom. Having pumped out water from the insides of the floating dam, it floated up and retracted inside the shore (see figure below). Isn’t this the convergence of the rocky shores of the strait spoken of in the legend about the voyage of the Argonauts Jason to Colchis for the Golden Fleece? The simple and wise solutions of the ancients could be used in our time. I hope that with such a decision there would be no disputes with the construction of a dam at the mouth of the Neva River and other places.

Jason sailed past these Symplegades with the Argonauts to Colchis
Designations: 1 - floating hollow rocks of the Symplegades (kianei, plankts); 2 - Pillars of Hercules.

More than four thousand years ago, Greenland was free of ice, and in its interior there was a sea, the entrance to which from the Arctic Ocean was also blocked by a floating dam in the eastern part of Wolf Land (in the southern part of the Victoria Fjord). There were also the Pillars of Hercules. As for the territory of the European part of our country, the map of Anthony Wood, published in 1555, clearly shows two giant stone pillars north of the Black Sea (Ukraine). The purpose of these pillars is similar to the Iron Pillar in India.
According to ancient legends, the secret of magic and healing power against many diseases are hidden in giant stones (menhirs). These stones were brought to the shores of Europe by giants from the distant reaches of Africa (Morocco, Guinea...), where they were created by dedicated priests. At that time, centers for creating mysterious giants from stone were also in Greenland, the Northern Black Sea region, near the bend of the Volga, in the Southern Urals, etc.
The Pillars of Hercules are special devices for forming a kind of “cosmic communication” point, although less labor-intensive to manufacture than pagodas and temples. They were created on the basis of engineering knowledge to transform the weak energy flows of the Earth's rocks and atmosphere for religious purposes.
The conclusion is clear that the Pillars of Hercules have nothing to do with the rocky heights of the mountains above the Strait of Gibraltar. A more detailed study of the mysterious menhirs in Brittany and other places is yet to come.

Ancient Greek legends mention that Hercules, during his next “feat” (the robbery of the fabulous bulls of Geryon), erected the Pillars of Hercules (Dictionary of Antiquity, M., 1992, p. 129). Written sources say nothing about the installation location of these pillars, their design and purpose. Probably in ancient times they were well known and considered a truism.

About 2.5 thousand years ago, the famous philosopher and scientist Plato, giving information about Atlantis, mentioned (as a landmark) the Pillars of Hercules, behind which Atlantis was located. Currently, official history indicates without evidence that the Pillars of Hercules are rocks located on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar, which are up to 426 meters above sea level. However, rocks are not pillars yet. A number of historians pointed as an example to the higher mountains in the eastern Mediterranean, located on two neighboring islands - Samothrace (height 1600 m) and Gökçeada (697 m), located in front of the Dardanelles Strait. In addition, there are many rock formations around the globe called pillars. They are available in many corners of the Earth. Only on the territory of Russia there are dozens of names of well-known pillars: Lena, Krasnoyarsk, Ural, Nizhneudinsk, etc. The origin of some of them is not entirely clear and requires further study.

But on Earth there are also other, real pillars and columns of gigantic size, which do not raise any doubt about the possibility of their installation by ancient man. These include megaliths - religious buildings made of huge stone blocks built from 2-3 thousand years BC. Megaliths include menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. They are found in many places in Europe, North Africa, America, the Caucasus, India, Siberia...

Analyzing the exploits and actions of Hercules, we can say that he had great physical strength and unbridled character, and used this for destruction and murder, but not for creation. He looked more like a warrior. He did not have the divine ability to build mountains, rocks like those located at the Strait of Gibraltar. A more realistic matter for Hercules was his participation in the installation of giant cult stones (menhirs) to atone for his many sins (the murder of his children, wife and other innocent people). Probably in those days these giant menhirs were called the Pillars of Hercules. They have survived to this day in Brittany, France, and other places.

The structure of the Pillar of Hercules (according to Koltsov I.E.)

Designations: 1 - view of the Pillar of Hercules; 2 - energy emitter inside the column; 3 - foundation cushion; 4 - mineral energy emitters (flint, amber, rare earth elements, etc.); 5 - energy flows.

It is possible that radioactive chemical materials are used as a source of energy field formation, which can be clarified using instruments. Similar pillars were created to form vertical energy field flows. The pillars were an integral part of a complex of other religious buildings. Legends say that by being near these stones, people get rid of many diseases. The location of these pillars is associated with a system of underground passages. The Pillars of Hercules, similar to the menhir from Brittany, were located on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. One pillar was on the northern shore of the strait, southwest of the city of Algesiris, and the second was on the southern shore, west of the city of Bensu. They were part of a whole complex of other structures that monitored the state of the strait and navigation. Over the millennia, much has been destroyed. The pillars are no longer there, but powerful invisible energy continues to be present in their places. It can be fixed with instruments. There should also be remains of the Pillars of Hercules in the ground. Legends and research give reason to believe that Hercules participated in the installation of the Pillars of Hercules on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Algerian city of Tenes. At the site of these pillars there are also strong energy field formations (flows). It is not difficult for modern technology to establish their former location.

In ancient times, the pillars of Hercules were in many parts of the globe and had various designs. For example, such pillars were located on both sides of the Bosphorus Strait in the northern part of the existing city of Istanbul (formerly Byzantine, Constantinople), in the Caucasus, the Urals, Greenland, etc. In the Bosphorus Strait, the Pillars of Hercules were also an integral part of the complex of structures. This complex also included giant hollow stones of a floating dam, which could float (move out) from the coastal channel across the current, blocking the strait, and, if necessary, settle to its bottom. Having pumped out water from the insides of the floating dam, it floated up and retracted inside the shore (see figure below). Isn’t this the convergence of the rocky shores of the strait spoken of in the legend about the voyage of the Argonauts Jason to Colchis for the Golden Fleece? The simple and wise solutions of the ancients could be used in our time. I hope that with such a decision there would be no disputes with the construction of a dam at the mouth of the Neva River and other places.

Jason sailed past these Symplegades with the Argonauts to Colchis
Designations: 1 - floating hollow rocks of the Symplegadas (kianei, plankts); 2 - Pillars of Hercules.

According to ancient legends, the secret of magic and healing power against many diseases are hidden in giant stones (menhirs). These stones were brought to the shores of Europe by giants from the distant reaches of Africa (Morocco, Guinea...), where they were created by dedicated priests. At that time, centers for creating mysterious giants from stone were also in Greenland, the Northern Black Sea region, near the bend of the Volga, in the Southern Urals, etc.

The Pillars of Hercules are special devices for forming a kind of “cosmic communication” point, although less labor-intensive to manufacture than pagodas and temples. They were created on the basis of engineering knowledge to transform the weak energy flows of the Earth's rocks and atmosphere for religious purposes.

The conclusion is clear that the Pillars of Hercules have nothing to do with the rocky heights of the mountains above the Strait of Gibraltar. A more detailed study of the mysterious menhirs in Brittany and other places is yet to come.