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Atbasar- a city in Kazakhstan in the Akmola region, the center of the district of the same name. It is located on the right bank of the Zhabay River (a tributary of the Ishim River), 229 km west-north-west of the city of Nur-Sultan and 196 km south of the regional center of Kokshetau.

Geographically, Atbasar is located at the intersection of the line 51 degrees 49 minutes north latitude and 68 degrees 21 minutes east longitude, at an altitude of 290 m above sea level (city center) in the western part of the Akmola region in the center of northern Kazakhstan.

The relief characteristic of the surrounding area is a small hillock, along with which hilly-ridged and flat-plain spaces are common.

The residential building of the merchant S. Belov, the end of the 19th century on the street. Begeldinova (former Central)

The prehistory of the founding of Atbasar is associated with the construction of a border post (picket) in the second half of the 1830s on the Kokchetav-Akmola postal route, at the confluence of the Atbasarka (the old name of the Zhabay river) and Keregetas rivers. The post was surrounded by an earthen rampart and a moat with water. A small detachment of Cossacks was located at the post, which carried the postal service and guarded trade caravans moving from Central Asia to Petropavlovsk and Omsk. The rebellion of Kenesary Kasymov, which began in 1837, served as a pretext for strengthening the post by the Cossack troops. The first mention of Atbasar appeared in the 30s of the nineteenth century. At the confluence of the rivers Atbasarka and Keregetas, a border checkpoint No. 96 was built, after 10 years it was transformed into Atbasar fortification No. 89, providing a connection between Akmola and Kokshetau. Over the years, due to the fact that it was in the center of caravan routes, its role grows and intensifies.

In 1843, the governor-general of Western Siberia, Gorchakov, proposed to build the village of Atbasarskaya instead of a fortified point. In March of the same year, the governor's proposal was approved by Nicholas I. This fortified point was constantly flooded with flood waters, therefore, during the construction of the village, it was necessary to retreat three miles southwest of the original place. In the spring of 1845, a team of 29 artisan construction workers arrived at the construction site of the new village, headed by second-class constable Vasily Furaev. The builders received their first salary on June 6, 1845. This date is the beginning of the chronology of Atbasar (although the literature often indicates 1846 - the date of the grand opening of the already founded village). By the autumn of 1845, 413 Cossacks of the Siberian Cossack Host moved to the village. Among its first inhabitants were Peter and Yakov Borodin, Vasily Utkin, Arap, Egor and Ivan Kopotilov, Efrem Katanaev, Mikhey and Nikita Bezyazykov, Sergey Cherepanov with their families.

The name of the city is associated with the name of the river and the surrounding area. Atbasar arose at the intersection of caravan and livestock roads, along which huge herds of horses and other cattle were driven. It was a well-known place for trading in livestock - "at bazaar", that is, a horse bazaar; According to one version, the word "atbasar" comes from the Kazakh words "at" - horse and "basar" - trample.

The initial core in the existing planning structure of the currently existing Atbasar is the Cossack village. The village was located on the right high bank of the river. Zhabay, had a compact outline. The development was carried out to the west of the river according to the master plan developed by the Omsk Engineering Department. Like all Cossack villages, it had a strictly regular layout with small quarters and a rectangular grid of streets: eight streets parallel to the coastal strip and twelve streets perpendicular to them. In the center of the village on the square was the Church of the Sign (1854). The barracks, regimental stables, zeikhgauz, guardhouse, grocery store were located in the fortified part of the village, among the residential buildings - the village, service and administrative buildings and other buildings. The names of the streets of the village indicated their location: Central (later K. Marx, Begeldinov), Barracks (Uritsky, Dostyk), Treasury (R. Luxemburg, Atbasarskaya), Kolodeznaya (Volodarsky, K. Mukusheva), Embankment (V. Lenin, Pobedy ), impassable, etc.

In 1859, the village had everything necessary for the normal arrangement of the settlers: a regimental house with an outbuilding, a kitchen, a servants' quarters, a stable, an import and a barn with a glacier, an officer school of the first and second hundreds, guard houses, an ammunichya, a storehouse, a house for chief officers, gunpowder and fire magazines. In the new Cossack village, great care was taken about horses, there were stables for combat and postal horses, a horse infirmary, and an arena. Of the two stores built, one belonged to the food department, and the other to the Siberian linear Cossack army. There was also a drinking establishment in the village - a wine cellar. Only the mortgaged artillery park belonged to the civilian department. Muslim and Orthodox cemeteries were located not far behind private houses. In the early 1860s, there were 206 households in the village, the population was 1557 people. A mosque was built, new functional buildings appear: a one-class school, Kazakh men's and women's schools, a post and telegraph office, a weather station. Handicraft enterprises for the processing of livestock products and trade developed: a lard factory, a steam plant, five wind and two water mills, three forges, and 29 shops. The village expanded in the northern, along the river, and western directions.

The importance of the village of Atbasarskaya, as a stronghold of Russian troops in the steppe, increased. Already in the fifties, the district order of the Amankaragai district was transferred here. With the annexation of the Central Asian possessions to Russia, the village lost its role as a border fortress and in 1879 received the status of a city. Atbasar became the county center of the county of the same name.

In the 19th century it was famous for the Petrovsky summer fair (from June 10 to July 5). Taking advantage of the steppe position and proximity to the settlements of the Akmola region, the Atbassar Fair is becoming more and more important every year, attracting merchants not only from the Tobolsk, Orenburg and Perm provinces, but also from the more distant Bukhara. The main items at the fair were livestock and livestock products.

At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, on the pages of the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, the Atbasar village was described as follows:

On December 26, 1960, Atbasar became part of the Virgin Territory, formed by a decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU from five northern regions of the Kazakh SSR with a center in the city of Tselinograd (until March 20, 1961 - Akmolinsk). At the initiative of N. S. Khrushchev, the issue of transferring the Virgin Territory (Kazakhs made up about 10-15% of the population) to the RSFSR was considered. However, with the coming to power of L. I. Brezhnev and the return to the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan D. A. Kunaev, this issue was removed, and on October 19, 1965, the Virgin Land was abolished.

Since the mid-1960s, simultaneously with the growth of large enterprises, housing construction has also expanded. Atbasar continued to develop in the western and southern direction. Construction was carried out according to standard projects. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a new public center, the main city square, was formed to the southwest of the old part of the city, between Shkolnaya (Valikhanov) and Luka Belash streets. Along the perimeter, the square is built up with multi-storey buildings of modern architecture: a district committee, a department store, a hotel, residential buildings. The streets in the old part of the city are being expanded and improved, turning into streets of citywide significance: st. Lenin, Irchenko, K. Liebknecht, Shkolnaya and others. New public buildings, cultural and community services, trade, modern buildings of schools and preschool institutions were built. On the left bank of the Zhabai River, it was planned to create a citywide sports complex.

From the end of the 1980s, the emigration of Germans began, after 1991 - the Slavic population. Stoppage of enterprises, abandoned private and high-rise buildings, even on the central square and main streets, have become a familiar picture for the city. Infrastructure and utilities are in a deplorable state. Only a few city streets are cleared of snow and debris. The roads have turned into an obstacle course, overcoming which, motorists maneuver between potholes on the pavement, constantly driving into the oncoming lane. Due to the almost complete absence of sidewalks, pedestrians are forced to enter the roadway, putting their lives in danger. At night, the population uses flashlights to illuminate the road. For unknown reasons, parks and squares are being cut down. Numerous dukens appeared (small shops, where saleswomen are often rude to customers and grossly violate the rules of trade, as in the Polyus store), private hotels and cheap eateries. On the site of a small bazaar on the forecourt square, the Shirak market has grown, which the local authorities have unsuccessfully tried to close several times.

After gaining independence, housing construction stopped, only the flood of April 2014 forced the city government to build several apartment buildings for the victims and restore one of the abandoned hostels. After another flood in April 2017, some sections of the city along the Zhabai River were empty. In 2016-2017, the authorities finally paid attention to the state of roads and most of the central streets were repaired.

About the battle between Abulkhair Khan Sheibani with Mustafa Khan Sheibani with the support of Vakkas biy Mangyt in the middle of the 15th century on the Zhabai River near the modern city of Atbasar in the Akmola region.

“... At that time of the year, when the artist-spring painted wonderful drawings on all sides of the steppe, and the spring wind lifted the veil from the face of the buds that had drunk to their fill, and sword-like thorns covered the faces of roses with thorns, and a gust of morning wind freed the space of the motley flower garden from despondency, [and Abu-l-Khair-khan], the khan of the powerful court, which was the spring flower garden of the state and sovereignty and the cypress of the garden of caliphic dignity and monarchy, sat in majesty in the meadow, which claimed equality with the garden of Eden in beauty and competed with the garden of paradise, enlivening life, [his] victorious guard troops, having come [to him], were honored to report that Mustafa Khan with a large and huge army and with the diligence of Vakkas-bey, having put [his] army in order and raising the banners of enmity, is acting [ on a campaign] to fight the victorious army [of Abu-l-Khair Khan]. [Abu-l-Khair-] khan, the sea of ​​blessings, relying on the mercy of the Almighty God, ordered with full dignity [corresponding to such a khan] that the army of heavenly splendor gathered [at his palace] and, having put their weapons in order, prepared for battle .

Bakhtiyar-sultan and great emirs and famous bakhadurs, such as: Buzundzhar-biy kyyat, Bishkent-oglan idzhan, Tuli-Khoja-biy kushchi, Kungur-bay kushchi, Hakim-Shaykh kushchi, Muhammad-bek kongrat, Kylgch-bay- Bahadur uishun, Murad-Sufi utarchi, Saryg-"Usman ukrash-naiman, Abu-Bakr ukrash-naiman, Sufi-bek jat, Kibek-biy kushchi, Hadji-mirza jat, Hasan-oglan chimbay, Shadbakht-balkh, Kutluk-Buka -tarkhan, "Abd al-Malik Karluk and other well-known [bahadurs] and leaders of the army prepared [for battle] and, having built the right and left wings of the army, went to the place of battle.

Bakhtiyar-sultan, according to the order of [Abu-l-Khair-] Khan, like the sky, with a detachment of brave men and Bahadurs, went to the forefront, the rest of the Bahadurs and knights of the left and right wings [also], each in his place, set out on the road. ..

When both armies, by the predestination of the Almighty, approached each other, the sun sheathed [its] shining sword in the night, and the Shah of Zanzibar stretched out the veil of the black army over the world. Both armies converged against each other. [Abu-l-Khair-] Khan, powerful as the sky, ordered that mighty warriors, countless, like ants, like a hunting lion, in fear of a blazing fire and sparkling like lightning, whose swords fire in the heart of stone and iron became , like flowing water, blocked the path of the enemies and, fulfilling the conditions of caution, sat down in an ambush of hatred ...

Khakan, [like] Faridun, having put the army in order that night, decorating the center and both wings of the army with brave brave men and glorious bakhadur, according to the custom worthy of kings, put his foot of firm decision into the stirrup of the conqueror of the world and, with hope in God, directed the reins of the stubborn horse the conqueror of the world in the direction of the river At-Basar.

From the multitude of the army, the dust from the earth rose to the vault of heaven, and from the dust [raised] by the victorious army, a gloomy circle formed over the battlefield [and] even [arose] another earth.

Mustafa Khan with a large army, without fear and fear, came forward.

The sounds of the trumpets and timpani of both troops began to reach the revolving vault of heaven. Both armies of the bloodthirsty, like fire and water, set in motion, and the earth on the battlefield became [red] like a tulip from the blood of the brave men, and the fire of battle and slaughter began to burn ...

When the troops of both sides mingled with each other, the sword-bearing Bahadurs and the brave knights [of Abu-l-Khair Khan], emerging from the ambush of hatred, frowned their courage and, drawing out the swords of hatred, like heavenly fate, surrounded [Mustafa Khan's army] , they, by the will of the Almighty Lord, lit the fire of battle and battle.

When the people of disobedience and rebellion, i.e., the soldiers of Mustafa Khan, saw that the sea of ​​the troops of [Abu-l-Khair Khan], the conqueror of the world, surrounded them, like a fish on land, they were confused and horror appeared on their faces the day of the Last Judgment, and [they were] the greatest fear, and releasing the reins of will from their hands, [they] turned to flight. Mustafa Khan, throwing out of his thoughts a strong passion for leadership and kingship, took to flight. The army, the haven of victory, with the help of the god turned the sword of bloodshed on them, and so many people from the enemy army were killed that the mind calculator was powerless to count [them].

Out of necessity, having renounced his property, state and family, Mustafa Khan, with the help of a restive horse, transported [his] soul in health to the opposite bank of this bloody river, and most of the servants and servants, and property, and his treasures passed into the hands of the soldiers of the khan, the owner banner of victory. They say that in that battle [allegedly] about four and a half thousand people were killed ... ".

The climate of the city is sharply continental, which is associated with a large distance from the oceans on the mainland and causes large amplitudes in the annual and daily temperature variations. The average annual air temperature is +1.3°C. The intra-annual course of air temperature is characterized by persistent severe frosts in winter, an intense increase in heat in a short spring season, and frequent heat during summer. The average long-term air temperature in January, the coldest month, is −17.9°C, in some years the temperature drops to −50°C and lower, the average long-term temperature in July, the hottest month, is +20.2°C, maximum up to + 41.6°C. Thus, the amplitude of air oscillations is about 40°C, the absolute amplitude of air oscillations exceeds 90°C. The average daily temperature range of the coldest month (January) is 9.6°C. The average daily temperature range of the warmest month (July) is 14.1°C. The duration of the period with an average air temperature ≤0°C (climatic winter) is 165 days. The duration of the period with an average t° ≤8°C is 215 days.

The duration of the period with an average t° >15°C (climatic summer) is 100 days.

The average date of temperature transition through 0°C (onset of climatic spring) is April 8, after >5°C - April 16, after >10°C - April 30.

Average date of temperature transition through<15 °C (наступление климатической осени) - 2 сентября

The prevailing wind direction is south-western and western, especially in winter, in summer the frequency of winds with a northern component increases, the average wind speed is 4.5-5.5 m/s. The maximum of the average wind speeds in points for January is 7.8 m/s. The prevailing wind direction for June-August is NW. There are many sunny days, the amount of solar heat received by the earth in summer is almost as great as in the tropics. Cloudiness is negligible. The average long-term precipitation is about 300 mm with sharp fluctuations from year to year (from 110 to 780 mm). More than half of the precipitation falls during the warm period (their maximum occurs in June-July, the minimum - in February-March). The amount of precipitation for November-March is 92 mm. The amount of precipitation for April-October is 218 mm. Snow cover usually sets in early November, lasts an average of 150 days, melts in the first half of April, the average height reaches 25-35 cm, in snowy years up to 50-60 cm. low air humidity. The lowest humidity is observed in the summer months (40-45%), the highest in the winter months (55-60%).

Winter is cold and long (5.5 months) with stable snow cover. Summer is short (about 3 months), moderately hot. Spring and autumn are weakly expressed. An unfavorable feature of the climate is the presence of late spring and early autumn frosts.

Atbasar has a rather complex type of climate. The climate is affected by the latitude of the city, equal to 51 degrees 49 minutes north latitude, great distance from the ocean (sharply continental climate), being at an altitude of about 300 meters above sea level (altitude zonation affects). Height above sea level lowers the temperature by about 2 degrees (air temperature drops by 0.6 degrees for every 100 m of altitude) compared to that which would be observed at sea level and accelerates the nightly cooling of the air. In winter, cold air flows into the city, as it is located in a small basin (the valley of the Zhabai River). At night, cold air flows from high places into the valley. This phenomenon is associated with the desire of cold air to occupy the lowest parts of the earth's surface, since it is heavier than warm air.

Despite the fact that the city is located almost 400 km south of the northernmost point of Kazakhstan, the Atbasar region is considered the coldest place in the country. It was here in January 1893 that the lowest temperature (absolute minimum) in Kazakhstan was recorded - −57.0°C. If we compare the average temperatures of 4 cities - Atbasar, Kokshetau, Esil, Astana, we can see that it is always colder in Atbasar, except for the warm period from May to September, and only in comparison with Kokshetau, which is located 178 km to the north.

In the 1930s-1940s, the population of the district and the city increased due to immigrants from other parts of the USSR: political exiles deported from Western Ukraine and Belarus, Volga Germans, peoples of the Crimea and the North Caucasus, evacuated from the regions occupied by Germany. On January 28-29 and February 8-10, 1942, by order of the NKVD, almost all Italian families from Kerch were deported to Atbasar, a total of 438 people. Atbasar (like Kazakhstan as a whole) is home to a plethora of ethnic groups, a legacy of the era of mass deportations, when the Soviet government used the windy steppes as a place of exile for political prisoners and those ethnic groups that seemed not loyal enough to Stalin. The development of virgin lands since the mid-1950s has led to a significant increase in the population of the city. Then the growth slowed down and was even replaced by natural and migration decline of the Russian-speaking population since the early 1990s. Since the mid-2000s, the population of the city has practically stabilized both due to natural and migration growth (mainly due to the migration of Kazakhs from rural regions of the republic (mainly Akmola region and southern Kazakhstan)). The latter is connected with changes in the national composition of Atbasar. The national composition of the city, which was distinguished by the absolute predominance of the European (about 55% Russians, Germans, Ukrainians, Belarusians, etc.) ethnic group until the end of the 20th century, was in an active transitional phase between 1989-1999, and at the beginning of the 21st century is characterized by the ratio: two thirds of the European and one third of the Kazakh population.

Since the late 1990s, the language environment of the city has been transformed from exclusively Russian-speaking to bilingual. For several years, the Kazakh language has become firmly established in all spheres of life in the city, which is explained by the change in the demographic situation, as well as the policy of the government of the country.

In terms of population, Atbasar ranks 51st in Kazakhstan and 4th in the Akmola region (after Kokshetau, Stepnogorsk and Shchuchinsk). In the Tselinograd region, the city ranked 2nd, but lost it to Stepnogorsk in the mid-1970s.

Despite its small population, the city occupies a large territory for such a population due to the peculiarities of architecture (there is a large share among the buildings of private houses of one-story buildings).

Atbasar is a station on the Tobol-Yesil-Astana railway line. All passing passenger trains to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv, Alma-Ata, Arkalyk, Kostanay, Aktobe, Atyrau, Mangyshlak stop here.

From Atbasar by rail it was possible to reach 110 cities without transfers. In total, through Art. Atbasar passed 24 fast and passenger trains. Among the most distant points: Adler (3431 km), Kyiv (3415 km), St. Petersburg (3170 km). In the spring of 2016, passenger trains from Astana to Moscow and St. Petersburg via Atbasar were cancelled.

Highways leading to Astana, Kostanay and Kokshetau pass through the city. Numerous interregional, intraregional and suburban routes depart from the bus station.

Urban public transport is poorly developed and is represented by only a few bus routes. Ordinary taxis have become widespread. Road conditions leave much to be desired. Cars make their way through the city with difficulty, due to the lack of a normal road surface - everywhere there are potholes in the old asphalt, which needs to be replaced for a long time. Pedestrian sidewalks in the city have practically disappeared.

Atbasar Airport (currently [ which?] does not function, several AN-2 aircraft of agricultural aviation are based in its place), located a few kilometers north of the city. In the list of the International Air Transport Association, he was assigned an individual ATX code. The airport has two small unpaved runways and their length is 1500 meters, which are sufficient for the takeoff of AN-24 aircraft. The terminal (now completely destroyed) was located at an altitude of 308 meters above sea level.

The Atbasar network of narrow-gauge railways owes its appearance to the plan for the development of virgin and fallow lands. The famous "virgin lands uplift" was one of the most ambitious projects in the history of the Soviet Union. One of the main problems that had to be faced in the development of virgin lands was the underdevelopment of the road network. The lack of roads not only hampered the delivery of agricultural machinery and other necessary goods to the newly developed lands, but also threatened the loss of the harvested grain crop due to the impossibility of its timely export.

The standard for that time option for solving the transport problem could be the accelerated construction of roads. However, a more original version was approved for implementation: among other objects, in the areas of development of virgin and fallow lands, it was decided to build several narrow-gauge railways with a significant length.

It is believed that N. S. Khrushchev (first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, de facto leader of the USSR in 1953-1964) personally initiated the non-standard decision. It was assumed that narrow-gauge railways would become the main means of communication in the virgin areas, all the necessary goods for the settlements under construction would be transported through them, fuel would be delivered and grain would be exported, as well as passenger transportation. It was planned to build two giant highways of 750 mm gauge: meridional (Kurgan - Sands-Tselinnye - Takhtabrod - Atbasar), and latitudinal (Kostanay - Sands-Tselinnye - Kokchetav - Irtyshsk). The total length of a single network would be over a thousand kilometers.

The plan to build a unified network of narrow-gauge railways was not implemented. The lines built were much more modest in scale, they were not interconnected. In 1954, the construction of a narrow-gauge railway began near the city of Atbasar, Akmola region. The first sections of the track were laid in the same year, temporary traffic on the sections Atbasar - Barakkul and Atbasar - Krasnoznamenskaya was opened in August 1955. In 1957 they were put into permanent operation, in 1958 the Barakkul - Takhtabrod section, and in 1960 the Barakkul - Balapan section. Initially, steam locomotives were used on the narrow gauge railway. However, already in 1956, Atbasar received diesel locomotives TU2, built by the Kaluga Machine-Building Plant. The diesel locomotive TU2 was designed specifically for operation on virgin narrow-gauge railways. In some newspaper publications of that time, it was called the "virgin land ship".

At the southern outskirts of the city of Atbasar, the Atbasar II station was built - the main one on the narrow gauge railway. A locomotive depot, a railway station and other structures appeared on it. The station was impressive in its scope: it stretched for almost two kilometers in length, it had several dozen tracks.

There was a connecting section between the Atbasar II station and the Atbasar I station (the main city station located on the railway line Tobol - Tselinograd). It ran parallel to the broad gauge track. Transshipment of goods from broad gauge wagons to narrow gauge wagons was carried out mainly at the Atbasar II station. The section from Atbasar II station to Atbasar I station was used to deliver grain to an elevator located at Atbasar I station opposite the main railway station.

As of 1970, the length of the narrow gauge lines was 277 kilometers (118 kilometers - section Atbasar II - Krasnoznamenskaya, 120 kilometers - section Atbasar II - Takhtabrod, 36 kilometers - section Barakkul - Balapan, 3 kilometers - section Atbasar II - Atbasar I) .

Since 1964, after L. I. Brezhnev came to the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the attitude towards the "virgin" narrow gauge railways has changed. The new leader of the country criticized many of the ideas of his predecessor, including the idea of ​​building narrow-gauge railways in the areas of development of virgin and fallow lands. The development of virgin narrow-gauge railways ceased after 1964, but their complete destruction did not occur. Four "steppe highways" (in Schild, Bulaev, Kovylnaya, Atbasar) continued to work. The Atbassar network of narrow-gauge railways, both in length and in terms of traffic volume, noticeably surpassed the rest.

The section Barakkul - Balapan in the "Soviet" period of the history of the narrow gauge railway occupied a special place. It appeared due to the beginning of the development of uranium ore from the Balkashinskoye deposit. In 1956, the construction of the village of Shantobe began near the deposit. The bulk of the work was carried out by military builders. In 1957, uranium ore mining began, initially it was carried out in an open way - in quarries on the outskirts of Shantobe. In 1960, a section of a narrow-gauge railway with a length of 36 kilometers from the Barakkul station to the Balapan station, located in the village of Shantobe, was put into permanent operation.

The movement of passenger trains has stopped. There was no alternative to passenger trains. It is still impossible to get from Atbasar by direct buses to Takhtabrod, Krasnoznamenskoye and many other large settlements near the former narrow-gauge railway stations. Almost all small settlements near the former stations do not have any regular service. As of the end of the 2000s, there were almost no traces of the narrow-gauge railway in the village of Krasnoznamenskoye.

There are 8 schools in the city that provide secondary education, the Center for the Olympic Reserve for the preparation of participants in subject Olympiads. On October 2, 2000, the Atbasar branch of the Agrarian University named after S. Seifullin on the basis of PTL No. 9, now named as ITK No. 1, where training is provided at two faculties: energy and vocational. There is also a branch of the Economics and Law College of Astana and vocational school No. 17.

Since September 24, 1930, the weekly socio-political regional newspaper in Russian "Prostor" has been published. Established by the decision of the Atbasar District Executive Committee of the Council of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies No. 11 dated August 27, 1930. It was originally called Znamya Kolkhoz, in 1956 the newspaper was renamed Znamya Kommunizma, and in 1962 Prostor. Currently published weekly on Fridays. In July 1992, a regional newspaper in the Kazakh language "Atbasar" began to be published. Newspapers of advertising and entertainment content "Litera" and "Format" are also published. Since the beginning of the 2000s, a television and radio complex has been operating, including the radio "Salem" and the informational television program "Ayna".

Since 1976, the doors of the district House of Culture have been opened, equipped with a concert hall, a dressing room, rooms for dancing, an exhibition hall and a gym. The Central Regional Library has been serving readers since 1914, since 1986 it has been named after the famous writer of Kazakhstan, a native of the city of Atbasar, Ilyas Yesenberlin. Recently, June 6 is celebrated as the day of the city: the akimat of the city arranges festivities on the central square of the city, inter-district equestrian competitions (baiga, goat-drawing), a competition of yurts.

In 1973, the building of a typical polyclinic for 500 visits per shift was commissioned. In 1974, the main building of the central regional hospital was put into operation. The city has an ambulance station, a blood center, a sanitary and epidemiological station, a maternity hospital, a dialysis center and numerous private medical structures (pharmacies, dentistry).

By the time of the division in 1977 of the Kazakh railway into the West Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata and Tselinnaya, the issue of a shortage of railway personnel was again acute. Mindful of how the Tselinograd and Karaganda children's railways helped in his decision after the war, the then head of the Tselinnaya Mainline Nikolai Petrovich Ovsyanik considered it necessary to follow the same path, and the heads of other roads did the same. Thus began the second wave of construction of the ChRW in Kazakhstan. In the late 70s, simultaneously in several cities (Kokchetav (in the Zarechnoye region), not far from the "big highway". It was a circular narrow-gauge line with minimal track development. Length - about 1 kilometer. There were two stations - Balapan and Atbasar. Was named after the first female cosmonaut V.V. Tereshkova.The children's railway did not form a single network with the narrow-gauge railway Krasnoznamenskaya - Atbasar - Shantobe. The rolling stock (locomotive TU2 -024, three Pafawag cars) was delivered from the Atbasar II depot using heavy cars.

After 1993, the operation of the children's railway ceased. In subsequent years, it was completely dismantled.

During the period of intensive construction in the 1970s - 1980s, the historical buildings of the XIX-beginning. 20th century suffered greatly. So, one of the early buildings, built back in 1854 in the Atbasar village, was demolished - a typical one-story stone soldier's barracks, elongated in plan, under an iron roof with a kitchen and a shop. Recently, the Atbasar College of Agricultural Mechanization was located in it.

Few surviving monuments of history and culture of the turn of the XIX-beginning. XX centuries located in the old part of the city.

city ​​of district subordination

Story

In addition to this article, ESBE has an article called Atbasar.

mass media

Since September 24, 1930, the weekly socio-political regional newspaper in Russian "Prostor" has been published. Established by the decision of the Atbasar District Executive Committee of the Council of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies No. 11 dated August 27, 1930. It was originally called Znamya Kolkhoz, in 1956 the newspaper was renamed Znamya Kommunizma, and in 1962 Prostor. Currently published weekly on Fridays. In July 1992, a regional newspaper in the Kazakh language "Atbasar" began to be published. Newspapers of advertising and entertainment content "Litera" and "Format" are also published. Since the beginning of the 2000s, a television and radio complex has been operating, including the radio "Salem" and the informational television program "Ayna".

Educational establishments

There are 8 schools in the city that provide secondary education, the Center for the Olympic Reserve for the preparation of participants in subject Olympiads. On October 2, 2000, the Atbasar branch of the Agrarian University named after S. Seifullin on the basis of PTL No. 9, where training is provided at two faculties: energy and vocational. There is also a branch of the Economics and Law College of Astana and vocational school No. 17.

healthcare

In 1973, the building of a typical polyclinic for 500 visits per shift was commissioned. In 1974, the main building of the central district hospital was put into operation. The city has an ambulance station, a blood center, a sanitary and epidemiological station, a maternity hospital and numerous private medical structures (pharmacies, dentistry).

culture

Since 1976, the doors of the district House of Culture have been opened, equipped with a concert hall, a dressing room, rooms for dancing, an exhibition hall and a gym. The Central Regional Library named after I. Esenberlin has been serving readers since 1986 . Recently, the city day has been celebrated in July: the city akimat organizes festivities on the central square of the city, inter-district equestrian competitions (baiga, goat-draping), a yurts competition.

Industry

• Railway junction (including the main station of the largest narrow-gauge railway in Kazakhstan).
• Center for processing agricultural raw materials.
• Food industry.
• The plant of reinforced concrete structures (ZhBK), which previously had union significance and now does not exist.
• The Plant of Expanded Clay Concrete Products (KBI) is now non-existent.
• The brewery (Atbasar-2) is now non-existent.
• The meat processing plant (Atbasar-2) is now non-existent.
• Inter trade LLP (Atbasar-2) - flour production.
• Atbassar repair and mechanical plant - overhaul and current repairs of tractor units and assemblies, production of spare parts for agricultural machines, production of technical and medical oxygen.
• Combine of bread products (KHP).
• Electric locomotive repair plant

Notable natives and residents

• Ilyas Esenberlin - Kazakh writer
• Seitzhan Omarov - prose writer
• Viktor Proskurin - actor
• Anatoly Khrapaty - weightlifter, Olympic champion
• Pyotr Vasilkovsky - professor, specialist in the field of wildlife, local historian, journalist, writer
• Marat Asainov - world champion in arm wrestling

Notes

Links

• Narrow-gauge railway Atbasar - Shantobe on the "Site about the railway" by Sergei Bolashenko

Atbasar is a city in Kazakhstan in the Akmola region, the center of the district of the same name. It is located on the right bank of the Zhabai River (a tributary of the Ishim River), 232 km west of Astana. Founded in 1845 as a Cossack village. Until 1892, it was called the Atbasar village. In the 19th century it was famous for the Petrovsky summer fair. The first mention of Atbasar appeared in the 30s of the nineteenth century. At the confluence of the rivers Atbasarka and Keregetas, a border checkpoint No. 96 was built, 10 years later it was transformed into Atbasar fortification No. 89, which provides a link between Akmola and Kokshetau. Over the years, due to the fact that it was in the center of caravan routes, its role grows and intensifies. In 1843, the Governor-General of Western Siberia, Gorchakov, proposed to build the village of Atbasarskaya instead of the fortified point, and June 6, 1845 is the beginning of the Atbasar chronology and since 1878 the village was renamed the city of Atbasar, which becomes the center of the Atbasar district. Before the revolution, the productive forces in the Atbasar uyezd were poorly developed, there was a steam flour mill, as well as several small tanneries and lard factories. Trade fairs were held three times a year, where a huge number of large and small livestock, horses, various raw materials and materials were sold. By the beginning of the 1920s, there were 9 industrial enterprises in the Atbasar district, 7 of them in the city and 2 in the villages. In 1928, new districts were created on the territory of Kazakhstan of the Autonomous Republic. By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 17, 1928, the Atbasar district was liquidated and on September 28 the Atbasar district was formed as part of the Akmola district from Atbasar, Tas-Utkul and part of the Karaganda volosts of the Atbasar district with an administrative center in the city of Atbasar. When the Karaganda region was formed in 1932, the district was part of it, and in 1936 it was transferred to the North Kazakhstan region. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 14, 1939, the Akmola region was formed, at the expense of part of the territory of the Karaganda and North Kazakhstan regions with the center in Akmolinsk. With the formation of the Akmola region, Atbasar was included in it. Famous natives and residents Ilyas Esenberlin - Kazakh writer Seytzhan Omarov - prose writer Viktor Proskurin - actor Anatoly Khrapaty - weightlifter, Olympic champion Pyotr Vasilkovsky - professor, wildlife specialist, local historian, journalist, writer. Marat Asainov - Armwrestling World Champion Population: 27,908 (2009)

central square. almost all parties are held here

obelisk of the eagle and the sun. symbolizes freedom. be in the central square

in Victory Park there is such a monument. about WWII

statue of V, I, Lenin

view from above. this is a ZhBK village, that's why it's so scary

Trading House Natalie, now closed

depot. assemble electric locomotives

railroad from the bridge

statue with the inscription Atbasar at the entrance to the city

high school number 6

secondary school №8. note what year it is. one of the oldest schools

Train Station

briefly in my words. we have 9 schools. 2 of them are lyceum gymnasium and 1 Kazakh school. 3 kindergartens and 2 are still under construction. Of course there are no supermarkets, but there are a whole bunch of shopping centers. 1 regional hospital and 1 more at the other end of the city is just a local one, and 1 is a railway one. there is also a church, a mosque, a catholic church. one entertainment complex where all sorts of concerts are held ... now there are no minuses for children's entertainment centers, children's parks, attractions, zoos and alleys. there are 3 parks where in the evenings you can have a drinking bout of alcohol. The city is certainly not ideal, but the Motherland is the Motherland.