Which countries are safe to travel in? Water safety rules in summer and winter

Safety on the water SAFETY MEASURES IN THE WATER IN WINTER - Ice crossing rules: 1. Cross the pond on ice only with good visibility.2. When skiing, unfasten the bindings, remove the pole straps from your hands.3. Take a long stick (pole), a rope no less than 5 meters long.4. Go down where there are no gullies and bushes or reeds frozen into the ice.5. Walk carefully, checking with a stick of ice.6. Do not open the soles from the ice. - How to get out of the hole: 1. Try not to dive into the water with your head.2. Do not panic, call for help.3. Get out in the same direction from where they came from.4. Crawl onto the ice, spreading your arms to the sides.5. Throw a leg for years and roll back from the hole.6. Crawl 3-4 meters in your footsteps.7. Without resting, run to the nearest housing. SAFETY MEASURES IN THE WATER IN SUMMER - When swimming, it is unacceptable: 1. Swim in an unfamiliar place, under bridges and near dams.2. Dive from a height, not knowing the depth and topography of the bottom.3. Swim behind buoys and fences.4. Approach ships, rafts and other watercraft.5. Jump into the water from boats, boats, moorings.6. Arrange games with the capture of body parts. - When using a boat, it is unacceptable: 1. Make sure that the boat is in good condition and that life-saving equipment is available.2. Rock the boat, get up to your full height, sit on the sides.3. Swim in the places of passage of ships, mass bathing.4. Grab branches of trees and other objects on the go. -You can’t swim while intoxicated, under the influence of alcohol people often overestimate their strength, and also commit careless acts against other swimmers, which often leads to disastrous consequences; water transport(boats, jet skis, skis, etc.) this can lead to injury; - Do not swim in dangerous, prohibited places; - It is forbidden to jump into the water in unfamiliar places, play games in the water associated with capture, swim behind buoys and fences; - It is dangerous to dive in places of unknown depth, as it is possible hit your head on the sand, clay, break your neck vertebrae, lose consciousness and die. It is no less dangerous to jump headfirst into the water from rafts, piers and other floating structures, there can be piles, rails, stones, etc. under water, you can dive only where there is sufficient depth, clear water, flat bottom; - Do not leave children on the shore of a reservoir unattended by adults who know how to swim and provide first aid; - Do not allow children to arbitrarily go to reservoirs and swim; - If you cannot swim, you cannot be in the water on an inflatable mattress or camera. Swimming on inflatable objects is extremely dangerous, and for a person who cannot swim, it often ends tragically. If you swam too far and are tired, spread your arms and legs, lay your head on the water, close your eyes and relax. To stay horizontal, draw air into your lungs, hold it, and exhale slowly.

The long-awaited holiday season is approaching. Those who yearn for rest will finally go on trips, of course, where finances allow.
Someone will go to the village, and someone will go to distant and not very countries, to overseas resorts. Naturally, every person wants to relax after hard days and get a lot of pleasant impressions. But so that your vacation does not turn into "unforgettable criminal adventures", you need to prepare for it. The most interesting thing is that all the tips are quite simple and well known to many. However, for some reason, people stubbornly continue to learn from the mistakes of others, stepping on the same "rake".

Important choice

Any trip is preceded by a choice of a place where you will rest. Usually the choice is influenced by financial capabilities and personal preferences. Some like peace and quiet, others leisure in the company, but someone likes extreme vacation with adventures filled with adrenaline. Opportunities to satisfy their needs today opens the sea, it would be a desire, backed by banknotes.
In this case, there is one important condition - the right choice of a tour operator who can make your dreams come true.
Naturally, from right choice depends on whether you can talk about the great time spent after the trip, or, in unprintable terms, remember the wasted money, time and nerves.

What advice can you give to those who choose a travel agency?
. Choose those firms that have been on the market for a long time and have a good reputation. Find out which firms your relatives, friends and colleagues have already used. Their advice and advice will be greatly appreciated.
. Beware of firms that have opened recently. Those who offer conditions and prices that are too favorable compared to others. Less trust enticing special offers and promotions. Be wary if you are actively, or even aggressively imposed on some kind of services or tours. From a travel company that huddles in one shabby furnished room, is represented by one universal manager, but at the same time is ready to send you anywhere the globe- it is better not to travel even to the neighboring city.
. Do not chase cheapness, do not save, beyond measure, on your vacation. Economic vacation rarely good. At the same time, not always high price means quality service. Choose the golden mean, guided by the advice of a consultant from travel company.
Be sure to ask the company for a license. In most companies, copies of them, along with other official documents, are on public display for visitors. If representatives of companies evade answering a question about a license or answer something unintelligible - look for another company.
. Many companies assist in obtaining visas by offering you to leave your international passport. Be very careful, cases of fraud are not uncommon, when unlucky tourists are left without a passport, and subsequently acquire various problems from the actions of those who used it. Therefore, by handing over the passport to the employees of the travel company, you act at your own peril and risk.
. Accurately and clearly stipulate all the conditions of rest, paying attention to details. Do not make vague promises like “We still can’t say for sure which hotel you will stay in, but we assure you that there will be excellent conditions and you will be satisfied” or “our person should take you from the airport to the hotel, but if anything, you and you will easily get there yourself ”Everything, including the little things, must be precisely determined even before the conclusion of the contract.
. When concluding a contract, carefully read its contents. Avoid spaces and unclear language. Carefully study the obligations of the tour operator and the section on liability for breach of contract. It is best to consult with a lawyer and, if necessary, require the inclusion of additional clauses in the contract.
. Be sure to take the contact details of the travel company before your trip so that you can contact them if necessary. Most reputable tour operators, in places of rest, have a representative at all times who will help resolve all issues.
. Try to find out as much as possible about the real situation in this country, including the criminal situation, diseases, quality of service, dangerous places, local customs, rules of conduct and peculiarities of legislation, etc. This will help you on arrival to avoid many dangers and troubles that you did not even suspect. To get this information use:
. Advice from friends or acquaintances who have been there before.
. Employee consultations travel companies offering recreation, and it is desirable to listen to the opinion of specialists from various companies.
. Articles and publications in the press, thematic radio and television programs.
. One of the best sources is the Internet. Here you will find detailed information about the resort you are going to, you can get acquainted with the impressions of those who have already been there, and if you own foreign languages you can chat with local residents receiving reliable information from them.
Housing problem
So, you have successfully purchased a tour for yourself and now it's time to take care of your apartment. Well, if it corresponds to the proverb "My home, my fortress" and is equipped with security and fire alarms, reliable doors, locks and valuables, and during your stay it will not be empty.
But if this is not the case, then you will have to take additional precautions:
. One of the best solutions to protect your apartment is to install a burglar and fire alarm in it, followed by security.
. If for some reason this is not possible - securely reinforce doors and windows. You can install the simplest howler sirens on them, triggered by the opening
. To avoid the visit of uninvited guests, do not leave windows, vents and balcony doors open.
. Do not advertise your departure especially, try not to name where and for how long you are going. Separately instruct the children, most often they, naively, become a source of information.
. It is better to leave money, securities and expensive jewelry in a specially rented bank cell. It is better to transport expensive equipment and interior items to relatives during the holidays.
. Make at least an approximate inventory of the valuables left in the apartment, mark or mark the most valuable things.
. Leave some electrical appliances (preferably a radio) on so that thieves cannot tell from a standing meter that no one is home ..
. Ask someone close to look after your apartment. If possible, let someone from relatives or friends whom you trust live or at least spend the night in your apartment. As a last resort, leave the keys to the apartment to trusted people so that they can check its integrity, and also make sure that there is no fire or burst pipes.

Out with things

Finally, all issues are resolved and it's time to pack your bags. Choose the things that you take with you, taking into account the climate and conditions of the place of rest. Find out in advance what clothing and other items you may need there.
Do not take anything superfluous with you, as a rule, inexperienced travelers take with them a lot of completely unnecessary things that they never use. Pack everything carefully, avoid large uncomfortable bags that will hinder your movements. It is better if your things fit in several special travel or sports bags that you can carry on your shoulder or roll on the ground without straining.

On any trip, it will not be superfluous to take with you:
. monofunctional knife (Swiss Victorinox type)
. flashlight with spare batteries
. a good first aid kit with all medicines, especially those that you may need for health reasons.
. notarized copies of passports, which will be stored separately in case of loss or theft. Although such a copy cannot be equated to a document, how can it help in establishing your identity and recovering stolen documents.
. bank card with a certain reserve amount in foreign currency (provided that it will be available to you in this country, you need to consult with your bank branch in advance about this)
. It is advisable to make a special token indicating your last name, first name, date of birth and blood type (in Russian and English language). Such a token must always be worn around the neck or, in extreme cases, on a keychain.

is a guarantee of peace and good mood. Most people associate their vacation with a vacation on the sea, river or lake. So you can swim, sunbathe, and just relax. But is it worth it to completely relax, being close to the reservoir?

Of course not! Water is a very insidious element, even if it appeared before you in the form of a harmless lake or small river. Excessive self-confidence is the first mistake of a person near water. Danger can lie in wait for a vacationer both in the water and on the shore. There are some rules, the observance of which will save your health, and maybe life.

Let's start with behavior on the water itself.

1. Never drink alcohol near water. More precisely, you can drink, but swimming after that is strictly prohibited. The fact is that alcohol blocks the feeling of danger, you begin to think that you can do a lot, you become "knee-deep". A person tries to swim away, dive deeper, etc. However, his muscles and breathing are weakened by the action of alcohol, which can simply lead to premature fatigue and an elementary lack of strength for the way back. In addition, a drunk person usually cannot adequately assess the situation, and therefore cannot correctly and quickly respond to the situation.

If you are still drawn to swim drunk, then leave the most sober on the shore as a duty officer, no matter how he resists. His task will be to monitor everyone and notice in time the inappropriate behavior of a friend or his long disappearance under the surface of the water. In this case, the duty officer should raise the alarm and rush to help himself.

2. The second most dangerous phenomenon near the water is various bungee jumps or just jumping from a bridge and a steep bank. Never jump in places you don't know!!! Let's tell you more that you can get injured even at the place where you jumped safely yesterday. For example, the current brought some kind of driftwood or a negligent vacationer threw a broken glass bottle into the water. A prerequisite for safe jumps is a thorough examination of the bottom of the reservoir in this place, checking the depth and at least minimal sports training that will help you make the jump correctly. Remember that a crazy desire to show off in front of a girl can end up for you in a stretcher or worse.

The usual injuries of jumpers are fractures of the legs, arms, spine or cervical spine. If with a broken arm or leg to the victim great danger does not threaten, then with the neck or spine is a completely different matter. First, the person must be quickly pulled out of the water and placed on any flat, hard surface. It is necessary to take out three or four people carefully, supporting the back and spine. A flat surface can be a sunbed, a jetty, a surfboard, or just a door that has been taken off its hinges. The person should lie straight on his back, and his neck must be fixed. You can make something like a neck splint out of board, plastic or foam. It is probably not worth mentioning that the victim should not be left in the sun and it is urgently necessary to call an ambulance even before all these events.

3. Many young people forget that safe rest near the water is to follow the elementary rules. The first of these is the inadmissibility of jumping into cool water when hot. The difference in body and water temperatures of 15-20 degrees can lead to convulsions or reflex cardiac arrest in the cores. You definitely need to cool down, and in hot summer days it must be introduced into the water strictly gradually, pouring water over the body so that it gets used to it.

4. If you are still seized by a cramp or you are simply losing strength, and there is no bottom under your feet, then do not panic. Remember that even the leanest human body is lighter than water, so you just need to relax, lie on your back, spread your arms on the water and start calling loudly for help. Your peace of mind is the key to your life in this situation.

The next few rules apply to the situation when the victim is not you, but your friend or just a person nearby.

1. First of all, remember that your desire to save a person is not yet a guarantee of success. It also requires practical water rescue skills or just good swimmer skills. The fact is that in most cases a drowning person is not able to think adequately because of his panic, which is why he is able to drag the savior down with him to the bottom. In addition, remember that you need to tow the victim to the shore, which requires skill and strength. That is why do not rush headlong into the water if you are not confident in your abilities. Better start screaming and calling for help, stay near the shore and then help the victim get out.

2. Often a person is pulled ashore, but he cannot breathe. In this case, turn it on its side so that mud or water comes out of the throat, freeing the airways. Only after that you should do mouth-to-mouth breathing and direct heart massage. With this set of measures, you should not linger even if the ambulance should arrive very quickly. The fact is that stopping breathing for 5 minutes leaves a person with little chance of life.

3. must exclude the possibility of getting sunstroke. To do this, you simply should not stay in the sun for a long time, swim more often and put on a panama hat or something like that, always made of light material. If, nevertheless, your friend managed to grab a sunstroke, then he must be taken to a cool place, given an aspirin tablet, pour a mug of weak sweet tea and, if necessary, call a doctor.

By following these simple rules, you can provide yourself and your friends with a safe vacation near the water. Have fun relaxing, swimming and sunbathing!

Let's try to list the main causes of death of children on the water:

inability to swim;
leaving unattended;
swimming in unequipped and prohibited places;
non-compliance with the temperature regime;
ignorance, and sometimes ignoring the rules of behavior near water, on water and on ice, methods of rescue and first aid.

What are the bathing requirements?

Bathing place - equipped beach or a special bath. The water area of the beach should be limited by buoys, the bottom is calm in relief, gently sloping, sandy. Mandatory shields with rescue equipment (life buoys, balls, ends, etc.), a rescue post, a shield indicating bathing conditions (water and air temperature, waves, wind).

Unequipped beach(on hikes, excursions) must be examined by an experienced adult. The quality of the bottom is checked, the absence of snags, stumps, metal objects, whirlpools, whirlpools, industrial and other drains, the quality of the coast, etc.

bathing mode. Temperature (not less than): water 18°, air 20°. After eating, at least 1.5-2 hours should pass. Bathing time should not exceed:

15-40 min at 24°;
10-30 min at 22°;
5-10 min at 20°;
3-8 min at 18-19°.

It is forbidden to swim during a storm, strong wind, other adverse weather conditions.

Basic Rules

If you can't swim, don't go deeper than your waist.

Do not swim beyond the fence (buoys) or far from the coast if there are no buoys.

Do not swim in the fairway.

Do not swim near piers, piers, dams, etc.

Do not swim up to motor ships, boats, barges and other watercraft. It can be tightened under the bottom, under the screws, hit with the side, overwhelmed by a wave from the stem.

Do not dive in unequipped places, including from a steep bank, piers, boats, water intakes (hitting the head on the bottom or objects on it can lead to loss of consciousness and death). Even a sedge lying on the water is dangerous.

Don't lose sight of each other.

What to do in some cases

If you feel tired, lie on your back, hold yourself on the surface with light rowing movements, and rest.

If water enters the respiratory tract - rise above the water, cough.

If carried by the current - smoothly approach the low shore. If you get into the whirlpool - take air into your lungs, dive deep and make a jerk away from the axis of the whirlpool (downstream), then float up. If you get tangled in mud, lie on your back; it is necessary to return along the trail in the mud.

With a cramp - lie on your back, rub the muscle vigorously. Call for help. Experienced swimmers have a needle - an injection relieves cramps. The main thing is to calm down, do not panic, do not be shy to call for help.

Winter recreation of water bodies

When organizing ice crossings, the following features should be taken into account:

freezing on rivers lasts longer than on lakes and ponds;
It is possible to cross the river on ice only in an equipped and designated place (pointer, poles).

When crossing in unmarked places, you must:

check the quality of the ice and its thickness, for which two people are allocated, working in a bundle at a distance of at least Yume with poles, ice picks, sticks; it is forbidden to explore the ice alone;
the strength of the ice is tested by hitting a stick or a pick in front of you and from the side (if after two or three hits in one place the ice remains and the water does not come out, then the crossing is possible); it is forbidden to test the strength of the ice with a kick;
when choosing a crossing route, avoid dangerous places - confluence of tributaries, bushes, trees, frozen objects, snow deposits on ice, unreliable ice (the latter is determined by color: bluish and greenish ice usually has sufficient thickness (more than 7-10 cm for pedestrians), ice yellowish, whitish shades unreliable);
ice thickness in autumn and winter at air temperatures from -1 to -25°C should be (2 times more in spring) (Table 7).

Table 7. Required ice thickness for crossing

Near the shore, the ice should not hang (water in the holes should protrude by about 1 cm), the ice should be firmly connected to the shore and without cracks.

Ice skating rink

The required ice thickness for the skating rink is at least 25 cm. The skating rink must be fenced and equipped, and illuminated in the evening. An approach to the skating rink must be equipped.

Rules of conduct on ice

Do not ride sleds, ice skates, etc. from the shore onto the ice without making sure of its strength.

Don't gather large groups on ice.

When ice fishing, do not punch holes closer than 5 m from neighboring ones.

During freezing and ice drift, do not approach the edge of the coast.

Do not jump onto ice floes during ice drift.

In case of danger when moving on ice (water appeared on the ice, sin appeared), step back with a sliding step, without lifting the soles from the ice surface.

How to save and rescue on ice

If you fall through the ice, you need to spread your arms wide, lie down on the LSD with your chest and roll out onto it. You can rest your foot on the opposite edge of the breach. Then you should crawl away from dangerous place without getting up. To rescue a fallen one, you need to take a board, pole, rope or other improvised means, lie down on the ice, crawl no closer than 2 m to the breach, give a rescue item and pull out the failed one. In no case should you run up to the breach.

Beach holidays are the most favorite way of spending holidays among our compatriots. Sunbathing, swimming, parties by the water - this is what a city dweller dreams of when buying a ticket to the sea. However, any beach in exotic and not so countries has its own set of dangers.

Safe rest is, first of all, foresight and common sense. Let's brush up on the things to keep in mind when going to the beach.

Reminder for swimmers

It doesn't matter if you just love to swim, surf or snorkel. If you part with solid ground, you are always in danger.

Try to choose beaches that have working rescue stations.
Never swim alone.
Before you swim far, learn how to swim confidently in the surf. It's not the same as swimming in a pool or a still lake.
If you doubt your abilities or feel unwell, do not go near the water. Most hotels have swimming pools.
Strictly follow all the instructions and instructions of the lifeguards. Do not be too lazy to ask them about the nuances of swimming on this beach.
Do not go into the water closer than 100 meters from the berths and marinas. In such places, the bottom can be polluted with debris, and undercurrents are also common.
At the beach, try to use glasses with a polarizing effect. This will allow you to see the swimmers on the water.
Never lose sight of children and the elderly. They may lose their balance and drown even in shallow water.
Never dive into water unless you know the depth.
If you are relaxing on the beach without a rescue station, carefully study the rules for rescuing drowning people and first aid.

A little about marine life

Some seaside resorts can be dangerous due to shark attacks. Similar incidents are quite rare, but almost always end fatally for bathers.

If you are driving to an area where the beaches appear sharks, choose netted swimming areas and listen carefully to the announcements of the lifeguards on the beach.

Another unpleasant representative of the marine fauna for vacationers is slope. Most often, people are injured by stingrays, which, defending themselves, attack with a flexible tail with a bone spike at the end.

The best way to protect yourself from them is to ask the lifeguards or employees coastal hotels about the presence of dangerous fish and move with extreme caution in shallow water.

Jellyfish- very beautiful creatures, but the tentacles of these coelenterates are often equipped with stinging cells that leave painful burns on human skin. You should not approach jellyfish in the water and generally go into the water if there are too many jellyfish in it - after a storm or during their migration.

The best way to protect yourself from living creatures that live in the water and on the beach is to leave them alone. Even seemingly harmless crab can give you a completely unnecessary manicure.

About alcohol...

Excessive alcohol consumption is the most common cause of injury and drowning during a beach holiday.

A drunk person has the highest chance of drowning. In addition, tipsy tourists are frequenters of mass fights and easy prey for local criminals.

If you come to rest - try take a break from alcohol. If you can’t refuse alcohol on vacation, don’t leave the hotel, or better, your own room.