The best source of water in the world. Where is the cleanest water in Russia
Do you drink tap water safely? Do you swim in local waters with a light heart? Do you eat freshly caught river fish with an appetite?
To begin with, a small "water educational program".
Water is one of the most important elements necessary to sustain life on Earth. Our planet is called blue due to the fact that from space it looks exactly like this: 2/3 of the Earth's surface is water, 99% of which is oceans and only a small part is freshwater.
According to experts, water and its quality are one of the main factors that radically affect the quality of life. Of course, one can argue with this, because water seems to be a trifle, here is a penthouse, a leopard rug under your feet, a cool car - they affect the standard of living much more. But let's imagine for a moment what all this is worth if there is no water ...
Although it is a familiar component of everyday existence for us, which always flows from the tap in abundance, it is bottled in pharmacies and stores, despite the underestimation - water is the blood flow supporting the pulse of the Earth.
About 2 billion people, that is, a third of the world's population, suffer from diseases acquired as a result of the use of polluted water.
And then there is Africa, Ethiopia, Indonesia, etc., where water is either almost non-existent or polluted... And every drop of water there is worth its weight in gold, and many locals have not even heard of such innovations as showers or sewerage.
The food that a person eats is 90% water, he himself is 80% water, by old age (by the age after 60 years), with a decrease in metabolism, the “water composition” of a person decreases to 60%.
In general, water is everywhere, water is necessary for all living organisms. Human health is 80% dependent on water quality - according to scientists who conducted special studies.
Of course, if you use clean and compliant water, but live in an unfavorable area where the air is filled with toxic emissions, eat junk food, there will be little health benefit. Agree that a set of measures is needed. However, you can move to an area with the cleanest air, eat village products, but if you drink “bad” water, the effect of the first two steps will be less than just improving the quality of water. Water is our everything, together with everything else, of course.
How and what kind of water appears in the tap?
From the river water intake, through several stages of purification, water enters the city water supply system, or from an artesian well. The source of water is mainly freshwater reservoirs, rivers, reservoirs.
« How is the water intake on the river? Hydraulic jacks are laid on the bank, with the help of which the river bottom is pierced with steel pipes. Water, partially filtered by sand and clay, enters the water intake facility through pipes. Here, with the help of grids and gratings, large mechanical impurities are retained. Further, the water enters the treatment plants, passes through numerous filters, is freed from the remaining suspension, while moving rather slowly and undergoing chemical treatment before entering the settling tanks. Then the water passes through filters, while the treatment facilities are able to retain 99% of the bacteria contained in natural water, and the water is considered drinking. However, in each city or village, the degree of purification, despite the all-Russian standards, may be different. The season also matters - during the flood, when melting snow penetrates the water intakes, the water will be dirtier and the risk of catching any infection increases.
Water from artesian wells comes in a slightly different pattern. Conventionally, it can be considered cleaner, because in this case, water is raised from a depth of 100, or even more meters- at this depth, it is sufficiently filtered by the soil and is less susceptible to pollution environment. Iron removal stations are usually installed on artesian wells, which allow you to remove excess salts and metals from the water, the rest of the cleaning is carried out according to the plan already described.
Water in the reservoirs is replenished due to the action of the water cycle in nature, including the “harvest” of melt and rain. IN last years in connection with the reduction of fresh water reserves, experts are trying to realize artificial extraction of fresh water.
« According to various estimates, the share of fresh water in the total amount of water on Earth is 2.5-3%.
About 85-90% of fresh water is in the form of ice .
In connection with the expanding pollution of water sources, population growth, and the development of new territories, the task of artificially obtaining fresh water arises. This is achieved by:
— desalination sea water, including solar desalination;
- condensation of water vapor from the air, using deep sea water;
– condensation of water vapor in daily cold accumulators, in particular - natural origin such as caves in coastal rocks» (Wikipedia)
In theory and in practice, all pollution, drain, waste, sewer water and other muck does not go anywhere forever, they remain on the planet, settle in a thick layer on the walls of reservoirs, wander with impurities in fresh water, in the end sometimes - in order to save money, wastewater is treated and re-entered into our faucet. If, nevertheless, part of the waste is able to transform quite noblely, becoming fertilizers, then there are chemical compounds that do not decompose into natural environment. They poison the entire ecosystem. Water affected by emissions from factories transmits the disease to the surrounding flora and fauna. And we, not only drink partially poisoned and insufficiently clean water (at times treated sewer), we also breathe emissions from enterprises, automobile exhausts.
In addition to all the delights of the water cycle in nature, we face an additional risk: if, after passing through the purification systems, city tap water can still be considered relatively clean, depending on the perfection of the equipment and the region, then after passing through pipes and all communications, it becomes “contaminated” by complete.
The urban system is something like a huge tubular web, no one cleans the pipes for decades, and no one will do it, as a result of the so-called "secondary pollution", the water comes to us charged with everything that steel tanks have accumulated in themselves. Rust, harmful impurities, construction debris, in case of violation of the insulation of sewer pipes - it is possible for sewage to enter the running water. Night water also contains an increase in the number of bacteria that accumulate as a result of fluid stagnation.
“Colonies of bacteria need stagnant water or at least its slow current to reproduce. Plus the opportunity to "settle" on a rough surface - well, they have it in rusty pipes - in order to grow and multiply. Chlorine, which is added to water at treatment plants, stays in it for quite a long time, but sooner or later it is consumed and simply ceases to act. That's when in the very center of the city there is a danger of picking up an infectious disease with tap water.
It is very dangerous if bacteria from the group coli and enteroviruses, which infect the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the hepatitis virus. These micro-organisms enter water bodies where water is taken from, from city sewers; are washed away by rains and floods of rivers from fields that are fertilized with manure. In the water, pathogenic microflora begins to actively multiply, and the water has to be excessively chlorinated, especially during floods.
— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”
Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, gastritis, duodenal ulcers, nephritis, hepatitis, metabolic disorders - all these diseases are often the result of drinking poor-quality water.
What water should be?
Pure. But since in the majority we are not free to influence the process of its purification ourselves, guided by our own standards, there are basic norms for all. In the regulatory document San-PiN 2.1.4.559–96 “Drinking pure water» indicators of clean water are divided into four groups: epidemic, radiological, chemical, organoleptic.
“That is, we are talking about bacteriological safety, the absence of extraneous taste and smell, radiation that does not exceed the natural level, as well as the absence of chemically dangerous impurities.
According to these current standards and norms, high quality drinking water is:
water with appropriate organoleptic characteristics - transparent, odorless and with a pleasant taste;
water with pH = 7–7.5 and hardness not higher than 7 mmol/l;
water, in which the total amount of useful minerals is not more than 1 g / l;
water in which harmful chemical impurities either make up tenths to hundredths of their MPC, or are completely absent (that is, their concentrations are so small that they are beyond their determination by modern analytical methods);
water in which there are practically no pathogenic bacteria and viruses
At the same time, in Russia as a whole, every fourth sample of drinking water does not meet the hygienic requirements for sanitary and chemical ones, and every ninth one - according to the bacteriological indicators of the current standards.
— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”
Chlorine used to disinfect water (depending on water quality and infection status) locality- saturation with chlorine can be increased 6 times compared to the usual dose) will not save you from some pathogens, in addition - with frequent use of such water, the risk of cancer, premature aging increases, cardiovascular disease, dysbacteriosis. In general, chlorine is both a disinfectant and a poison.
“Chlorine is mutagenic and can cause infertility in men. Chlorinated water when washing the floor is absorbed through the skin (albeit a little, but we wash the floor often), and a little bit of chlorine gets into the air. Studies have found that frequent visits to the pool, where chlorine vapors are above the water, is tantamount to systematic smoking. The lungs are damaged, like a heavy smoker. Taking a bath with chlorinated water in terms of effects on the body is equal to ten liters of chlorinated water taken orally.
But that's not all. The danger is not limited to the fact that we drink water that has been treated with chlorine. Water must be purified not only for drinking, but also for domestic use.
According to SanPiN, the concentration of chlorine in tap water after disinfection is not dangerous for a healthy person. But! Only for healthy! Are there many healthy people in our country now?”
— O.V. Efremov
In general, you should not overdo it with Domestos for business purposes. But what about showering and bathing? There are special filters that are easily installed in the elements of the plumbing system and purify water from impurities, chlorine, etc. It’s just that, unfortunately, very often people begin to think about the seriousness of the problem and how to solve it when all the seriousness is already on the face, and in advance - many do not want to think. The sooner you install high-quality filters, the more health potential will remain unspent. Although there is a point that you can make a business out of any fear. So dirty water and the fear of getting infected with something from its use are no exception. Variations of filters and "pseudo-filters" are now countless. Some, in addition to the banal sale of the product, are promoting an entire ideology to create a society where there is only clean water. Filters, water ionizers still worth choosing really and efficiently operating.
About how scammers deceive people by offering them dubious water filters
The method of water purification can be sorption, mechanical, ion-exchange.
How to choose a filter. Some tips in the video review
Regions with the cleanest and dirtiest water
“The most unfavorable in terms of the quality of tap water are the Northern, Far Eastern and Kaliningrad regions. According to the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, the very low quality of drinking water in Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Primorsky Krai, Arkhangelsk, Kaliningrad, Tomsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Kaluga, Saratov and Yaroslavl regions. In Kalmykia, Karelia and Karachay-Cherkessia, more than 70% of water samples do not meet sanitary standards and norms. The tap water of Yekaterinburg is recognized by experts as "technical", that is, not suitable for drinking and cooking.
According to experts from the Research Institute of Human Ecology, the most polluted tap water is in the northern and northwestern regions of Russia, since a significant number of various chemical and oil refineries are concentrated there.
According to the Moskompriroda, the water in the Moskva River belongs to pollution classes 4–6 (from polluted to very dirty). Moreover, over the past 12 years, the amount of sulfates that enter the Oka from wastewater from Moscow enterprises has increased 4 times, chlorides - 1.5 times. The content of iron, copper, nitrite nitrogen, phenol in water has greatly increased.
As a result of studies in nine cities of the Siberian region, it was found that the impact of polluted water on morbidity ranges from 7.7 to 41%. Every year, the number of epidemic outbreaks of acute intestinal infectious diseases that are caused by the transmission of infection through water is increasing.
— O.V. Efremov, “Caution: the water we drink. Latest data, current research”
Of the natural reservoirs, the cleanest are: lakes Baikal, Ladonezhskoye, Onega, Taimyr, Khanka, Chany (West Siberian region), Teletskoye ( Altai region), Svetloyar, Seliger (Tver region), lakes of Karelia.
The cleanest rivers are small ones in Siberia and Far East. The dirtiest are Tom, Oka, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei, Ob, Volga.
What are you proud of?
Russia by resources surface water takes leading place in the world. Only in unique lake Baikal contains about 20% of the world's fresh lake water reserves and more than 80% of Russia's reserves. With a total volume of 23.6 thousand km³, about 60 km³ of rare in purity is reproduced in the lake annually. natural water» (Wikipedia)
Baikal is generally a separate reason for pride , besides being the deepest and clear lake world, it is also a huge reservoir of fresh water.
It was a discovery for me how important good water is for flowers, or at least settled water. There was a period when I watered indoor plants with tap water - and they all started to get sick, the reason was not obvious. When I began to defend the water before watering - they appearance improved significantly. This is flowers. And what can we say about a person?
Summarizing. What can be done in a situation with "bad" water? In Africa, and such, even a liter of such water, there is a shortage ... Yes, and in villages where there is no running water - too. Do not wash the pipes now in some miraculous way from the inside. You can, of course, create innovative fantastic equipment that tests the inner surface of pipes from the inside and removes them in case of contamination. But the problem is not only secondary pollution… You can't change the whole system.
You can stock up on bottles of water extracted from a clean artesian well (water must be obtained from a well located at least 50 km away from the city and packaged there), you can put additional filters on taps, you can separately filter water in special tanks. So the problem is more solvable.
The fashion for treatment with mineral waters was introduced by Peter I, who, having visited overseas resorts, ordered to find analogues in Russia. It turned out that Russia is rich in its healing waters.
1. Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk - famous resort town, where Lermontov, Tolstoy, Pushkin used to stay. The legend says that the first spring appeared in the valley when the traveler decided to repay the hospitable host who gave him the last water that was found in his house.
The springs of Kislovodsk were first explored at the end of the 18th century. Already in 1812, the first bath for 3 baths was built, and in 1822 a luxurious restaurant was built with a colonnade and a staircase that led to the source.
The Kislovodsk deposit is represented by carbonic low-mineralized waters or Kislovodsk narzans. This water can be used for both drinking and bathing.
2. Pyatigorsk
The healing properties of the Pyatigorsk waters have been known since antiquity, but the first written mention dates back only to 1334. official history Pyatigorsk as a resort city begins in 1803. Then the Rescript of Alexander I "On the recognition of the state significance of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and the need for their organization" was signed.
Local legends say that mineral waters are the blood of the beautiful Mashuk, who fell in a duel between King Elbrus and Prince Beshtau.
The Pyatigorsk deposit is very rich, carbonic, siliceous waters are used for medicinal drinking, and carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide siliceous waters are used for external treatment. The total reserves of mineral waters of the Pyatigorsk deposit are 3000 m3/day, including radon waters.
3. Essentuki
Essentuki is another all-Russian resort city. The mineral waters found here in 1811 at first did not interest doctors, and only in 1823 did the history of the city-health resort begin.
In 1951, Essentuki mineral waters became a trademark that is still in demand today.
The origin of the name Essentuki is still not exactly known. Local residents associate it with the legend of the recovery of the son of the mountain prince. After bathing in the spring, the boy became healthy, and curls covered his head. The enthusiastic mother named the source "essentyuk" or living hair.
Resort Essentuki specialized on treatment diseases gastrointestinal tract, liver and metabolism. Local carbonic chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium waters are suitable both for drinking and for baths and irrigation.
4. Zheleznovodsk
The history of Zheleznovodsk began in the 19th century, when the famous doctor F. P. Gaaz discovered 2 mineral springs on the slope of Zheleznaya Mountain. In 1820, Pushkin visited here, and a few years later Small town turned into a health resort. In the 1850s, the first omnibus carrying passengers and mail arrived in the city. To date, about 20 sanatoriums have been opened in the city, which are visited by more than 80 thousand people a year.
The waters of Zheleznovodsk are unique. These are the only high temperature calcium waters in Russia. They are mainly used for drinking cure and for external procedures. Since 1866, sulfide silt mud of Tambukan Lake and Lysogorsky Lakes has also been used for treatment.
5. Staraya Russa
Staraya Russa resort is located in Novgorod region. Its unique feature is the huge volumes of underground mineral waters, which made it possible not only to provide the entire resort with medicinal waters, but also to fill the pool, as well as arrange a 10-meter fountain in the center of the spa park. In Staraya Russa, bromine chloride sodium waters predominate, ideal for external use. The resort also provides treatment with mud, the reserves of which are extremely small. The main indications for treatment are diseases of the organs of movement, nervous system, digestive organs and gynecological.
6. Sestroretsk
Sestroretsk is located in the south of the Karelian Isthmus. For the first time, a settlement on this site was mentioned in the Swedish chronicles of 1643. The city was founded on this site only in 1714.
Mineral waters and therapeutic mud of these places were discovered much later. In 1900, the Sestroretsk resort was opened, which specialized in the treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, digestion, movement and the nervous system.
The mineral waters of the resort are predominantly sodium chloride, they are used for drinking and bathing. "Gyttian clays" of Sestroretsk are used for lotions and baths. The resort also practices climate therapy.
7. Resort Marcial Waters
Marcial Waters, a balneological and mud resort, is located in the Republic of Karelia. It was founded by Peter I in 1719, when a spring with medicinal water. The king liked to visit the resort, on his instructions a wooden palace was built near the spring, and the settlement itself received its first name - Palaces. The resort was renamed Marcial Waters in 1965.
The waters of the resort are unique, and they contain a record amount of iron (up to 100 mg/dm3). visit martial waters recommended for people with blood diseases, anemia, diseases of the circulatory system, movement, nervous system.
8. Undors
The mineral spring of the village of Undory was found relatively recently - in 1987. Its waters are the only analogue in Russia of the famous Naftusya mineral water ( Ukrainian resort Truskavets). The water of the Undora spring is slightly mineralized, with a high content of organic substances. It is especially useful in the treatment of the genitourinary system, diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders.
The Volzhanka mineral water plant is located near the village.
9. Resort Sergievsky Mineralnye Vody
Sergievskiye Mineralnye Vody resort is located in Samara region. Local waters are low-mineralized hydrocarbonate-sulfate magnesium-calcium waters with an average concentration of hydrogen sulfide. There are no analogues in Russia.
The first sanatorium on the Sernovodskaya Upland was founded in 1833, although the healing properties of these waters were first discussed as early as 1717.
The resort successfully treats diseases of the organs of movement, nervous system, circulatory organs, skin, gynecological diseases and spinal injuries. The resort's water reserves significantly exceed its annual consumption, so Sergievsky Mineralnye Vody has a huge potential for development.
10. Belokurikha
Belokurikha is a resort city of federal significance, located in the Altai Territory. Diseases of the circulatory system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, digestive organs, endocrine and genitourinary systems are treated here. The hydro-mineral base of the resort is thermal radon waters, low-mineralized, but with a high content of silicic acid.
Belokurikha became a resort village in the 1920s; by the 1930s, infrastructure for full-fledged treatment and recreation was created on the territory of the town. Members of the government and such famous writers as Paustovsky rested in Belokurikha.
Today in Belokurikha people are treated not only with water. Mud therapy, climate treatment are practiced here, and since 2010 a ski resort has been opened in Belokurikha.
11. Lake Shira
Lake Shira is located in the Republic of Khakassia. The water of the lake is salty and highly mineralized. It is used for bathing and other water procedures, also use the mud of the lake for treatment.
For the first time, people started talking about Lake Shira in the 19th century. Research into the healing properties of the water proceeded slowly, until several resorts sprang up on the shores of the lake by the beginning of the 20th century.
steppe climate, healing mud, mineral drinking and salty waters make Lake Shira a unique complex of Southern Siberia. Here they treat diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system, respiratory organs, diseases of the urogenital area, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system.
12. Talaya resort
Talaya is the only Russian thermal resort located beyond the Arctic Circle. The first mention of the village and medicinal water refers to 1868.
The main attraction of the Talaya resort is the silicon thermal mineral spring, the water of which is used to treat diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, diseases of the urogenital area, skin diseases. Water from this source is bottled and carbonated without losing its medicinal qualities.
13. Resort Sinegorsk
Sinegorsk is the main resort in the Sakhalin region, where mineral waters (Sinegorsk carbonic arsenic mineral water) are used for treatment. Mud therapy is no less effective, for which silt therapeutic sulfide mud from the Variable Bay is used.
For the first time, the healing properties of water were discovered by the Japanese in the last century, they also equipped the first capturing.
Sinegorsk springs are used for dosed drinking treatment of anemia, diseases of the digestive system, metabolism, endocrine system, and for external balneotherapy in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system and skin diseases.
14. Matsesta resort
Matsesta resort is the largest balneological resort in Russia, located near the city of Sochi. The resort was founded in 1902 on the healing hydrogen sulfide springs.
Historians suggest that the word "matsesta" originated from the Adyghe "meshIost", translated as "burning water". Later, a legend appeared about the beautiful Matsesta, who went underground, unable to endure the slander of her sister. At that place, a generation later, a life-giving spring gushed forth.
The water of the Matsesta resort helps to heal wounds, treat colds, bone diseases and improve blood flow.
15. Moscow groundwater basin
Moscow basin groundwater feeds more than a dozen balnearies throughout Moscow and the Moscow region. The first of them was opened in 1803 by Marshal A.P. Nashchokin in his own estate Rai-Semenovskoye near Serpukhov.
Weakly mineralized waters occur at a depth of 335 to 520 m, predominantly sulfate and sulfate-chloride sodium in composition, but at greater depth there are sodium chloride brines of high concentration, often with a high content of bromine.
In the middle of the 20th century, the mineral water of the "Moscow Sea" could be tasted in the center of Moscow - in the drinking gallery of the Scientific Research Institute of Balneology. She helped with gout, diseases of the kidneys and digestive organs.
To date, the mineral water of the Moscow basin feeds the health resorts and sanatoriums of Moscow, the Moscow region, as well as the Vladimir, Ivanovo, Novgorod, Ryazan, Yaroslavl regions.
16. Lake Elton
Lake Elton - salt Lake V Volgograd region. Its mineralization is 1.5 times stronger than that of Dead Sea. The sanatorium on the shore of Lake Elton (from the Mongolian "Altyn-Nor" - gold mine) was built in 1910.
Despite the fact that the main base of the sanatorium is the silt sulfide mud and brine of the lake, next to the sanatorium there is a chloride-sulfate sodium source, the chemical composition of which is similar to that of Essentuki-17.
The sanatorium treats diseases of the peripheral nervous system, organs of movement and support, digestion and gynecology.
17. Resort Khakusy
Khakusy is a resort on the northeastern shore of Lake Baikal. It was founded only in 1953, although the hot springs themselves, which make up its base, have been known for a very long time. This is evidenced by the name of the place - the name "Khakusy" comes from the Evenk word meaning "heat", "hot".
The waters in the springs are weakly mineralized and are similar in composition to the springs of Pyatigorsk. Mineral water is suitable both for baths and for internal use. The main indications for treatment are skin diseases, chronic gynecological diseases, diseases of the endocrine system, joints and musculoskeletal system.
The balneary in Khakusy is small - designed for only 50 seats.
The resort of Ust-Kachka is unique - three types of mineral waters are presented here at once. Hydrogen sulfide water treats diseases of the joints, nervous, gynecological and skin diseases. Iodine-bromine water calms the nervous system and treats insomnia. Drinking medical-table water "Ust-Kachkinskaya" is used to treat the digestive system, endocrine system, metabolic disorders, diseases of the genitourinary system.
20. Goryachiy Klyuch Resort
Goryachiy Klyuch is one of the oldest balneological resorts Caucasus. The settlement was founded in 1864, and before that, the Adyghe settlement Psyfab (from the Adyghe - “hot water”) was located in its place.
The resort offers several types of mineral waters. Thermal sulfide chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium waters (60 C°) are used for baths, they treat diseases of the musculoskeletal system, peripheral nervous system and gynecological diseases. Psekup mineral waters are drunk for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. In terms of properties, they are close to Essentuki, but, unlike them, they contain not carbon dioxide, but hydrogen sulfide.
1. Maldives.
The Maldives is a favorite destination for tourists from all over the world. There are a lot of reasons for this here: this is the sun, and the sea, and beautiful islands. The water here is so clear that being in a boat, you can see your shadow on the bottom of the sea.
2. Australia.
The water in this red stone cave is surprisingly clear. The only thing that distorts the view of the bottom is a slight ripple formed by a nearby waterfall.
3. Lake of five colors, China.
This lake is located in the Jiuzhaigou Valley in the northern Chinese province Sichuan. The lake of five colors is famous for its bottom, covered with a carpet of ancient trees, covered with a layer of clear water.
4. Sardinia.
Another popular place among tourists, you don’t even need to describe anything here, just look at the photo. The second largest island in the Mediterranean, Sardinia is home to some of the rarest animal and fish species.
5. Lake Crater.
Located in Oregon, Crater Lake was formed by an explosion ancient volcano about 7 thousand years ago.
6. Piccaninnie Ponds, Australia.
These ponds are a real nature reserve located in South Australia. You can dive into the water here only after obtaining a special permit, but it's worth it.
7. Lake Mashu.
Officially, this is one of the most transparent lakes in the world, which got its name from the mountain of the same name, at the foot of which it is located. The transparency of the water here reaches 41.6 meters.
8. Lake Sheosar, Pakistan.
Located in the northern part of Pakistan, this natural lake is so perfect that you might think it is the work of man. Surrounded by mountains, with animals walking along its banks, Lake Sheosar is deservedly considered one of the picturesque places planets.
10. Lake Baikal.
In addition to its purity, Lake Baikal is known as the deepest lake in the world. The world's second contender for this title, Lake Tanganyika, is behind the leader by as much as 200 meters. Spring transparency Baikal water is as much as 40 meters.
Where is the cleanest water in the world?
So, in the first place is the country of watches, chocolate and banks - Switzerland. If you go through the main eight parameters, then Switzerland will score maximum amount points.
In second place are the Swedes. The point is that residents Scandinavian country with special trembling relate to nature, they protect their forests and reservoirs. In addition, Sweden has almost perfect drinking water and minimizes carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
In third place again Scandinavians. Norway has an excellent quality of surface sources of drinking water and high-level wastewater treatment methods. And about 98% of the electricity here is generated by hydroelectric power plants.
The fourth place in our rating belongs to another neighboring Scandinavian country - Finland. And this is quite natural - the Finns are rightfully proud of their numerous cleanest lakes, they protect them and love them very much. The quality of drinking water is beyond praise. The government pays a lot of attention to the treatment of agricultural technical waste and care for the waters of the country's marine area.
However, let's leave the old Europe and move to Central America. Costa Rica closes the top five countries that can rightly be proud of their water resources and attitude towards them. In this small but very beautiful country Almost all industrial, agricultural and domestic wastewater undergoes mandatory treatment. However, experts noted that Costa Rica still needs to improve its relationship with marine waters.
In sixth place is Austria, in this country they pay attention to both the quality of drinking water and wastewater. Things are going quite well with agriculture and defense. water resources, however, it was not possible to get into the top five of Austria.
New Zealand work diligently to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and diligently protect the sea, but sewage treatment, air quality and drinking water treatment leave much to be desired.
The top ten is closed by Latvia, which was recommended to be more attentive to its marine resources, Colombia, which practically does not discharge untreated industrial and agricultural effluents, and France. This country came in tenth place, as it does not pay enough attention to the protection of water resources and the creation of protected marine zones.
Which countries have the cleanest drinking water?
In 2003, UN experts published a report on the results of a survey of drinking water quality in 122 countries around the world. The cleanest water is in Finland. It is followed by Canada, New Zealand, the UK and Japan. Russia is in seventh place. Oddly enough, on last place according to this indicator Belgium. Cleaner water is drunk even in India, Sudan and Rwanda.
Vienna water is the cleanest city water in the world
Do you know that in Vienna in order to drink natural water from a mountain spring, it is enough just to turn on the tap? And this is exactly so. From springs in the mountains Styria and in the lower Austrian Alps, without any pumps, water under careful control reaches the capital of Austria in 36 hours. Perfectly pure water is one of the factors that make Vienna the best city in the world to live in.
Two high-altitude aqueducts deliver 400,000 cubic meters of spring water to Vienna every day. Along the way, this water also passes through hydroelectric power plants, giving 65 million kilowatt-hours of electricity - for small town enough. Vienna is so proud of its drinking water that put it under the protection of the constitution - the first in the world.
Mountain water pipelines left without work water tower in the Favoriten area: it is no longer connected to the city water supply, but remains a notable architectural monument. "Industrial historicism" style is unusual and the tower is definitely worth a look. Moreover, around this tower there is a unique water park Wasserturm with many streams and waterfalls, bridges and ponds. Well, just rest in its purest form!
Sources: www.bugaga.ru, www.waterexpert.ru, www.pyramidweb.ru, luxlux.net, venagid.ru
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Crystal clear water is one of the most impressive natural wonders. Ponds, lagoons, seas or lakes with turquoise fresh water are not uncommon on our planet. Below is a list of the most clean reservoirs peace.
Five Color Pond, Sichuan, China
This pond is located within the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, one of the most incredible nature reserves in the world. Untouched nature park - lakes and waterfalls, forests and natural wonders- makes it more than a popular destination among tourists. Pyattsvetny Pond is one of the smallest and most remarkable lakes in the reserve. Despite its modest size and depth, the underwater landscapes of the pond are surprisingly rich, and the water is clear. This park is beautiful at any time of the year, even in winter. 
Peyto Lake, Rocky Mountains, Canada
It's the purest beautiful lake turquoise is located on the territory of Banff National Park. Located in a valley and fed by a glacier, the lake is surrounded by three high mountains- beautiful panorama! The lake acquires its brightest color in the summer, when the reservoir is filled with streams rushing from the melting glacier. The lake is easily accessible from the track called Icefields Parkway, and, in addition to admiring magnificent views, in these parts you can go hiking and kayaking. 
Blue River, Greenland
The Blue River or Petermann is the largest floating glacier in the Northern Hemisphere. A river flows over a glacier that connects the Greenland ice sheet with the North Arctic Ocean. This river is sure to appeal to lovers of kayaking, and the harsh beauty will impress even the most experienced and seasoned tourist. The water in the river is an amazing color of dark aquamarine, and it is also amazingly clean, because there are absolutely no polluting factors here. The nature of the banks of the river, which changes its course every year, is untouched, there is no infrastructure there, so it is not easy to get close to the Blue River. Tours to the river are available from August, but in cold and dry winter period Most tourists come here from December to April. 
Source d'Argent Bay, La Digue Islands, Seychelles
The shores of the bay offer us one of the most beautiful beaches Seychelles - a long strip of white soft sand - and transparent warm waters. On this beach, large granite boulders are scattered all over the place, which paint absolutely breathtaking landscapes. Despite its amazing beauty, the bay is practically unsuitable for swimming, as sharp corals lie at its bottom. 
Blue Lake, South Island, New Zealand
The name of the lake in the Maori language sounds like "Rotomairewhenua", which actually means "Blue Lake". They say it is the cleanest lake in the world. Scientists assure that the water of the lake can be considered almost distilled. Lake water acquires a blue-violet hue due to rocks that serve as a kind of filter for glacial waters that pass through them. You can't swim in the Blue Lake, but in these parts you can go fishing or hiking in amazingly beautiful surroundings.
Lagoons of Lencois Maranhensis National Park, Maranhao, Brazil
The national park covers a flat area covered with impressive sand dunes up to 40 meters high. During the rainy season, between these sandy hills, many lagoons form with crystal clear, warm and ideal for swimming. This is real natural phenomenon definitely worth seeing with your own eyes! Best time to visit the park - from July to September, since at other times you simply can not find any reservoirs.
Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Menorca, Spain
Menorca is one of the Balearic Islands with a population of less than 100 thousand people. tiny island in the Mediterranean Sea is often called the "Pearl of the Balearics": here 120 amazing beaches with crystal clear coastal waters, where you can not only swim, but also canoe and kayak and snorkel.
Crater Lake, Oregon, USA
Formed in the crater of the ancient Mazama volcano, the lake looks incredible. The maximum depth of the lake is 594 meters and it is the deepest lake in the States. Due to several unique factors - in particular, because the lake has no tributaries - the water in it is considered one of the cleanest in the world. And the water in the lake is very clear: visibility up to 20-30 meters! Moreover, in 1997, scientists registered a record of "water clarity" - 43.3 meters.
Piccaninny Ponds, Australia
Unlike other bodies of water on this list, the Piccaninny Ponds in South Australia's Piccaninny Wildlife Sanctuary are more of an undiscovered gem. However, if you have a permit, you can go diving here. The “First Pond” of Piccaninni is 10 meters deep and with a muddy bottom, the “Abyss” Pond is a sinkhole more than 100 meters deep with the purest water, the visibility of which can exceed 40 meters, and the 35-meter deep “Cathedral” Pond is located in a limestone grotto education. 
Weddell Sea, Antarctica
This marginal sea off the coast of West Antarctica is so transparent that it “shines through” to a depth of 80 meters! These are indicators of distilled water. 
In some areas of our planet there are very beautiful places with incredibly clean water, but no one can exactly explain why the water in these reservoirs is so transparent. Most of these places are located in the tropical zone, but there are others that were formed as a result of volcanic processes. Here are 40 of the most impressive bodies of water, but there are many more such places on Earth.
In addition to Cozumel, there are several other areas in Mexico with a clean and clear water. This place is very popular because cruise ships tourists are brought here to scuba dive and swim in the crystal clear water.
If someone likes to swim with sharks, then Jardines de la Reina is perfect place. Many photographers do not miss the opportunity to shoot these ocean monsters in unsafe proximity.
Thanks to the clean and clear waters of the sea in Wakatobi, Indonesia, you can enjoy the beauty of the underwater world, including brightly colored fish, algae, without having to dive deep. Wakatobi is an island national park Indonesia.
The lake, with an average depth of more than 700 m, is already 25 million years old. When it freezes, standing on the ice, one can see far into the depths thanks to the clear water.
In the Red Sea, you can swim with dolphins in crystal clear waters. The company can also be made up of giant turtles.
The name speaks for itself. "Playa Blanca" means " White beach" on Spanish. And indeed in the Canary Islands, on the beaches, White sand. In addition, the water near the islands is very clean and transparent.
Sipadan Island tops the list of the best places in the world with crystal clear waters for scuba diving. Off the coast of the island, tourists can enjoy swimming in clear waters and watch the hammerhead sharks and barracudas that often swim here.
Lake Mackenzie is located off the coast of Queensland, Australia. picturesque island surrounded by jungle and eucalyptus trees. Fraser is considered the largest sand island in the world, according to the Australian Department of the Environment.
The Caribbean region boasts big amount beautiful islands, among which it is worth noting Dog Island in Panama. Off the coast of the island, the water is so clear that it seems that you can even drink it. The San Blas Islands are the most popular among tourists who visit Panama.
In the Enchanted River, the water is completely clear, and you can easily see the fish swimming in it. They say that it got its name as a result of the fact that a person who looks at the water for a long time becomes like a bewitched one. The beautiful blue color of the water was due to special minerals at the bottom of the river.
There is another beautiful island in Malaysia, Mabul Island. For several years, he topped the list of places where you can safely watch fish swimming in the water with the naked eye.
Perhaps Corfu is very popular among tourists due to the climate or the existence of the world's first philharmonic orchestra, or the school of arts, which is on the island. But we should not forget that the coast of a beautiful island has very clear water, which attracts here to relax and enjoy the beauties.
Tobermory is a peninsula off the coast of Ontario, Canada. At the bottom off the coast of this peninsula, you can count up to 50 sunken ships. The water is so clear that all the ships are clearly visible at the bottom. Tourists are happy to pay for the opportunity to scuba dive around them.
The town of Bonito, located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is known for having very clear water in the local river. Photographer Franco Banfi was able to photograph people above the surface of the water feeding the fish from the bottom of the river.
Kanawa Island belongs to the territory of the Komodo National Park and is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. You can rent a bungalow there for $70 per night. Unfortunately, there are often no available rooms due to the low cost.
Not many people know about the clean and clear water of Lake Arnancy, which is located in Switzerland. In it, the boat rather does not float, but soars through the air - in any case, this is the impression that is created. Most likely, due to its low popularity, this place has retained its originality and purity.
There are many on the Internet beautiful photos that testified to the uniqueness of Cala Corsara in the Maddalena archipelago, Italy. Not surprisingly, this is where George Clooney bought a house on the shores of Lake Como, which is located 15 hours from Sardinia.
On the island of Ternate there are several active volcanoes. Most likely it is volcanic activity is the reason for all the beauty that awaits everyone who is going to visit this place.
In Bonito, among the jungle, there is the Prata River with clear and transparent water. This is an ideal place for snorkeling and watching swimming fish. real paradise for divers.
If you want to go to the most popular place among movie stars, then you need to go to Tahiti. Celebrities such as Orlando Bloom and Nicole Kidman spent their holidays in this part. Pacific Ocean on the island of Bora Bora. Many newlyweds plan their honeymoon here.
If it’s boring to relax, swinging on quiet waves and watching the fish passing by, then you should go to one of
