Diesel electric submarines type 209. The Turkish submarine fleet is the undivided ruler of the depths of the Black Sea. Modern submarine fleet of the Turkish Navy

On January 10, 2011, Turkey signed a €2.19 billion ($2.9 billion) loan agreement to finance a program to build six submarines.

Back in 2009, Istanbul signed a contract with Howaldswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (a division of ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems AG) and Marineforces International LLP (MFI) for the supply of kits for the construction of 6 Type-214 nuclear submarines with an air-independent main power installation.

The construction of the NNS will be carried out at the Gelcuk naval shipyard in the Izmit region (Turkey), under the control of a consortium formed by HDW and MFI. Previously, this shipyard built 11 Type-209 submarines for the Turkish Navy. It is planned that the first Type-214 submarine will be delivered to the Turkish Navy in 2015.

Modern submarine fleet of the Turkish Navy

Currently, the Turkish submarine fleet has 6 submarines of the German project 209/1200 of the Atylai type (built by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, HDW). They entered the fleet from 1975 to 1989.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the project 209/1200

Displacement: 990 tons - surface and 1200 tons - underwater;

Length - 56 m;
Width - 6 m;
Draft - 5.5 m;
Cruising range - up to 5000 miles at a speed of 8 knots;

The single-shaft power plant of the ship consists of four diesel generators (DG) with a capacity of 1000 hp each. each, and the main propulsion motor (HED) with a capacity of 5000 hp;

Armament consists of eight 533-mm torpedo tubes with up to 20 torpedoes;

Crew - 33 people.

According to the Turkish fleet modernization program, until 2015, all Atylai will be re-equipped at Turkish shipyards, they will be equipped with Harpoon-type ship-to-ship missiles, which can be fired from torpedo tubes.

The Turkish Navy has 8 Project 209/1400 submarines of the Prevez type. They were built at Turkish shipyards according to a German, albeit improved, project. They entered service from 1994 to 2007.

TTX submarine project 209/1400 type "Prevez"

Displacement - up to 1464/1586 tons;

The highest surface speed - 10, underwater - 22 knots;

Length - 62 m, width - 6.2 m;

Draft of 5.5 m;
Cruising range - 5000 miles, but at half the speed, i.e. only 4 knots;

The power plant on submarines of the Prevez type consists of four MTU 12V396 SB83 diesel generators with 900 hp each. and one HED with a capacity of 4000 hp;

Crew - 35 people;

Armament: 8 533-mm TA and Mk37 torpedo ammunition on the Prevez was reduced to 14 units, in order to place another 6-8 Harpoon anti-ship missile systems on board the boat or completely replace its torpedo ammunition with missiles, allowing firing from torpedo tubes .

The boat is even less noisy than the Atylai, and due to its small size it is also difficult to detect. The low autonomy and low underwater speed of Turkish boats are compensated by increasing combat effectiveness due to the introduction of Harpoon anti-ship missiles into the ammunition load. The downside of this weapon is that Ankara is completely technologically dependent on the United States: missiles, containers, test and auxiliary equipment, spare parts, technical documentation for anti-ship missiles, all from the States. The Pentagon continues to train Turkish naval personnel, provide technical support for UGM-84L missiles, and perform other tasks related to the material support of anti-ship missiles. Preveza is also planning to improve, for example: they will be able to install minefields.

Gradually, 6 submarines of the "Atylay" type will be replaced by 6 non-nuclear submarines with air-independent power plants of project 214/1500 of the German-British consortium HDW - MFI. This will happen between 2015 and 2025.

TTX project 214/1500

Length - 63 m;
Width - 6.3 m;
Underwater displacement 1700 tons;
The maximum speed in the submerged position will be no more than 20 knots;
The crew will be reduced to 27 people;
The number of torpedo tubes is 8, they will be used for firing torpedoes, underwater launch missiles and for mine laying.
The boat is capable of diving to a depth of 400 m.

The design of the engines and the special coating of the submarine's hull will reduce the level of its noise picked up by hydroacoustics. The submarines will be built at Turkish shipyards, the modular principle of its design will contribute to the further modernization of this boat series by Turkish shipbuilders.

Such numbers and composition allow Ankara to fully control the area of ​​the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, the entire Black Sea basin. The Turkish command has provided such a plan for the modernization of the submarines in service and the commissioning of new submarines, which makes it possible to keep at least 13-14 nuclear submarines in combat readiness at the same time. They can go to sea and deliver a torpedo or missile attack on the enemy.

To support submarines, in terms of rescue operations, a series of 4 special MOSHIP vessels (literally - mother ship, uterus) are being built, designed to carry out search and rescue operations to rescue crews and those that are out of order, damaged or sunk at a depth of up to 600 m underwater boats. The Turkish command believes that in order to carry out a successful rescue operation, a new mother vessel will need a maximum of 72 hours to raise the crew of the shipwrecked boat to the surface or ensure the survivability of the submarine lying on the ground (drifting) for the time during which the crew with MOSHIP specialists will cope with malfunctions. The vessel will be able to reach any point in the areas of operational responsibility of the Turkish Navy in the Black Sea or the Mediterranean Sea within 2 days. The MOSHIP ship has an abundance of decompression and emergency recompression facilities. In particular, almost the entire crew of submarines of projects 209/1400 or 214 is placed in its pressure chamber, designed for 32 people. m with sea waves up to 6 points.

TTX vessel MOSHIP

Cruising range up to 4500 miles (at 14 knots);
Maximum travel speed - up to 18 knots;
The length of the rescue vessel along the waterline is 82.5 m;
Width - 20.4 m;
Draft - 5.0 m;
Displacement - 4500 tons.

Given the sad state of the submarine forces of other states in the Black Sea: Georgia and Abkhazia do not have submarines, Bulgaria has 1 submarine (built in 1973, on the verge of decommissioning), Romania 1 submarine (will also be decommissioned soon, there are no prospects for new submarines), Ukraine 1 Submarines (also in a practically non-operational state, in continuous repair), Russia 2 submarines ("Alrosa", "Prince Georgy" - they plan to write it off). True, the Black Sea Fleet has 3 large anti-submarine ships and 7 small ones, which somewhat strengthens its position. The Turkish submarine fleet has overwhelming superiority in the Black Sea.

Promises were made to strengthen the Black Sea Fleet with new frigates, corvettes, artillery ships and nuclear submarines. But we must remember that Turkey has gone far in the development of its submarine fleet. In order for the Black Sea Fleet to argue on the topic "Who is the master of the sea", it is necessary to commission the Black Sea Fleet at least 1 submarine per year (15-20 years), while not writing off the old ones. This is given that the Black Sea Fleet must also respond to the challenges of the era in the Mediterranean.

In 1967, the Kiel shipyard Kieler Howaldtswerke (later Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG) signed the first contract for the supply of 4 submarines of approximately 1000 tons displacement, for the Greek Navy.

By the early 1970s, Greece was followed by many countries in need of replacement boats built in World War II. Argentina placed an order in 1969, Peru and Colombia in 1970, Turkey in 1971, and Venezuela in 1972.

The project proposed by the design bureau Ingenieur Kontor Lübeck, based on the previous type 206, was designated German. Typ 209. According to the requirements of customers, changes began to be made to it, mainly in terms of the size and options for torpedo armament.

The boat has a single hull design. Robust 32 mm thick hull made of high-strength low-magnetic steel HY 80 with a yield strength of 80 psi (56.2 kg / mm²) provides a working depth of 200 m, an estimated 500 m. The robust hull is cylindrical in the middle and conical at the ends. Divided by watertight bulkheads into 3 compartments: I - torpedo, residential and central post, II - auxiliary mechanisms and post of energy and survivability (PEZH), III - diesel generators and propulsion motor (PM). The light hull is flattened from the sides in the bow and spindle-shaped in the stern. The superstructure is made smooth with the hull plating, brought to 98 frames (approximately 80% of the length of the boat).

All TA and ammunition are located in the I compartment (there is no torpedo loading hatch). There are also crew cabins and a central post (CPU). The solid cabin above the CPU consists of cylindrical (lower) and conical (upper) sections. It does not have combat posts, it is intended only for entering / exiting the CPU. Retractable devices are located outside the solid cabin. In the bow, in the area of ​​15-19 sp., there is a bow entrance hatch. In the hold of the compartment there are drives of the bow horizontal rudders (NHR), the bow group of the storage battery (AB), ballast and fuel tanks. For series 1400, 1500, the compartment is divided by a light bulkhead into a torpedo / residential and central post.

In compartment II, the smallest in size, there is a main switchboard (MSB), high-pressure air dispensers (HP), diesel air duct and auxiliary mechanisms, as well as some auxiliary tanks.

Compartment III contains 4 diesel generators and a power plant. In the aft part - the rudder drive, the main thrust bearing and the propeller shaft. At the forward bulkhead of the compartment there is an aft access hatch. In the hold there is a stern group AB, ballast and fuel tanks. In series 1400, 1500, the compartment is divided by a light bulkhead into diesel and electric.
[edit] Power plant

The power plant is single-shaft, diesel-electric, with full electric propulsion.
Diesel generators MTU 12V 396 SB83 4 × 1250 hp / 4 × 900 kW, - for charging storage batteries (AB) in RDP mode or on the surface.
Rechargeable batteries are silver-zinc, high capacity, divided into two groups of 240 cells, in compartments I and III.
Rowing electric motor powered by battery or from a diesel generator through the main switchboard.

To reduce noise, all mechanisms are installed on damping supports and foundations isolated from the body.

Type 209 boats are built in 5 series, slightly different in size and performance characteristics. Series are designated by surface displacement. For example, boats of the second series are designated "type 209/1200". By 2008, built: 8 units of the 1100 series, 26 of the 1200 series, 8 of the 1300 series, 15 of the 1400 series and 4 of the 1500 series. Orders for 3 more boats have been cancelled.

According to Western sources, the boat type 209 in the second half of the 20th century was almost ideal for coastal actions in a positional way. Low noise and modest size make it extremely difficult to detect in shallow water. So, during the Anglo-Argentine conflict, the Argentine San Luis completely escaped detection. The installed weapons allow the fight against both surface ships and submarines. On the other hand, the low underwater speed and short range prevent Type 209 boats from pursuing detected targets. And with the advent of new air-independent engines, diesel-electric boats, including type 209, will eventually become morally obsolete.

Type of ship patrol DPL
Project designation Type 209
Project developer Ingenieur Kontor Lübeck (IKL)
NATO classification SSK Type 209
Speed ​​(above) 11.5 knotsSpeed ​​(underwater) 21.5 knots Operating depth 200 meters
Maximum diving depth 280 meters
Autonomy of navigation 50 days
Crew 30 people (8 officers) Cost about $ 200 million (after modernization)

Dimensions
Displacement above water 1454 tons Displacement underwater 1586 tons Longest length (on design waterline) 61.2 meters Hull width max. 6.25 meters Average draft (on design waterline) 5.5 meters Power plant

4 diesel generators consisting of 4 diesel engines MTU 12V 396 SB83 - 4 × 1250 hp and 4 generators - 4 × 900 kW1 propeller motor 4000 hp, 1 propeller shaft

Armament
Torpedo-
mine armament 8 bow TA caliber 533 mm, stock 14 torpedoes; or up to 24 min
Missile weapons It is possible to install the Sub Harpoon anti-ship missile

Since the late 1960s, the Type 209 has been the most successful export submarine type in the world. It also served as the basis for subsequent types: 212 and 214 (also known as "type 209PN"). Buyers are attracted by a combination of high performance characteristics (low noise, good armament) and low price (one of the 2006 contracts for three units calls prices less than $300 million per boat). Israel ordered its own Dolphin-class boats, taking the 209 as a prototype, with extensive modifications and enhanced capabilities. Another sign of success is building under license in other countries (South Korea). In total, 61 submarines have already been built, so the trend laid down by the Type 209 has a good chance of continuing.

Support

Germany

In 1962, the IKL design office began further research; development of the type 205 boat project. The new type 206 boats made of high-strength non-magnetic steel were intended for use in coastal waters and complied with the tonnage restrictions stipulated for West Germany by contractual obligations. The boats used new crew safety schemes, and the weapons were designed for the use of wire-guided torpedoes.

After the project was finally approved, in 1966-1968. production planning was carried out, and the following year the first order for the construction of boats was issued (for a total of 18 units). By 1975, all boats from U-13 to U-30 were part of the active fleet. Subsequently, this type was equipped with two external fiberglass containers with a total capacity of 24 mines in addition to the standard torpedo armament. Since 1988, 12 boats have been upgraded, including the installation of new electronic equipment and torpedo weapons, and received a new designation type 206A. In the mid 1960s. the IKL design bureau developed a new type 209 boat for the foreign market. Developed as ocean-going, type 209 submarines, due to the relatively small length of the hull, could also be successfully used in coastal waters. The Type 209 gained such notoriety that 50 units were built or ordered for overseas partners.

Major modifications
The six main variants of type 209 are:
- the original 54.3-meter type 209/1100 (length 178 feet 1 inch, surface displacement 960 tons and underwater 1105 tons);
- 56-meter type 209/1200 (length 183 feet 9 inches, surface displacement 980 tons and underwater 1185 tons);
- 59.5-meter type 209/1300 (length 195 feet 2 inches, surface displacement 1000 tons and underwater 1285 tons);
- 62-meter type 209/1400 (length 203 feet 5 inches, surface displacement 1454 tons and underwater 1586 tons);
- 64.4-meter type 209/1500 (length 211 feet 4 inches, surface displacement 1660 tons and underwater 1850 tons);
- smaller coastal 45-meter type 640 (length 147 feet 7 inches, surface displacement 420 tons and underwater 600 tons).

The following countries purchased the boats: Greece (four types 209/1100 and four types 209/1200), Argentina (two types 209/1200), Peru (six types 209/1200), Colombia (two types 209/1200), South Korea ( nine Type 209/1200), Turkey (six Type 209/1200 and eight Type 209/1400, most of which were built in Turkish shipyards with German assistance), Venezuela (two Type 209/1300), Chile (two Type 209/1400 ), Ecuador (two types 209/1300), Indonesia (two types 209/1300, four more on order, the construction of the latter may not be realized), Brazil (five types 209/1400), India (four types 209/1500 and two are under consideration). South Africa (three types 209/1400) and Israel (three types 640). Each country determined the parameters of equipment and the number of crew, depending on their financial capabilities.

During the Falklands War, the Type 209/1200 San Luis submarine of the Argentine Navy carried out three unsuccessful torpedo attacks against the ships of the British task force, but discovered its presence, which forced the command of the British Navy grouping to attract significant naval forces and aircraft to her search.

Project history

Proposed by the design bureau Ingenieur Kontor Lubeck the project, based on the previous type 206, received the designation German. Type 209. According to the requirements of customers, changes began to be made to it, mainly in terms of the size and options for torpedo armament.

Design

The boat has a single hull design. Robust 32 mm thick hull made of high-strength low-magnetic steel HY 80 with a yield strength of 80 psi (56.2 kg / mm²) provides a working depth of 200 m, an estimated 500 m. The robust hull is cylindrical in the middle and conical at the ends. Divided by watertight bulkheads into 3 compartments: I - torpedo, residential and central post, II - auxiliary mechanisms and post of energy and survivability (PEZH), III - diesel generators and propulsion motor (PM). The light hull is flattened from the sides in the bow and spindle-shaped in the stern. The superstructure is made smooth with the hull plating, brought to 98 frames (approximately 80% of the length of the boat).

All TA and ammunition are located in the I compartment (there is no torpedo loading hatch). There are also crew cabins and a central post (CPU). The solid cabin above the CPU consists of cylindrical (lower) and conical (upper) sections. It does not have combat posts, it is intended only for entering / exiting the CPU. Retractable devices are located outside the solid cabin. In the bow, in the area of ​​15-19 sp., there is a bow entrance hatch. In the hold of the compartment there are drives of the bow horizontal rudders (NHR), the bow group of the storage battery (AB), ballast and fuel tanks. For series 1400, 1500, the compartment is divided by a light bulkhead into a torpedo / residential and central post.

In compartment II, the smallest in size, there is a main switchboard (MSB), high-pressure air dispensers (HP), diesel air duct and auxiliary mechanisms, as well as some auxiliary tanks.

Compartment III contains 4 diesel generators and a power plant. In the stern - rudder drives, main thrust bearing and propeller shaft. At the forward bulkhead of the compartment there is an aft access hatch. In the hold there is a stern group AB, ballast and fuel tanks. In series 1400, 1500, the compartment is divided by a light bulkhead into diesel and electric.

Power plant

The power plant is single-shaft, diesel-electric, with full electric propulsion.

• Diesel generators MTU 12V 396 SB83 4 × 1250 hp With. / 4 × 900 kW - for charging storage batteries (AB) in RDP mode or on the surface.
• Rechargeable batteries are silver-zinc, high capacity, divided into two groups of 240 cells, in compartments I and III.
• Rowing electric motor powered by battery or from a diesel generator through the main switchboard.

To reduce noise, all mechanisms are installed on damping supports and foundations isolated from the body.

Options

Type 209 boats are built in 5 series, slightly different in size and performance characteristics. Series are designated by surface displacement. For example, boats of the second series are designated "type 209/1200". Built by year: 8 1100 series, 26 1200 series, 8 1300 series, 15 1400 series and 4 1500 series. Orders for 3 more boats canceled.

Representatives

Submarine of the Turkish Navy project 209/1200 type "Atilay" in the Bosphorus in Istanbul, from commons.wikimedia.org

Photo selection BSNews

"Behind the Boom Gates" of Goljuk, Trabzon, Sevastopol and Novorossiysk

Today, the Republic of Turkey, which has always been striving to profitably use its geopolitical position as a transit country for the supply of resources from Russia, the Middle East and Central Asia to the West, offers strategic partnership to the coastal states-neighbors in the Black Sea region that are not members of the North Atlantic Alliance.

The manifestation of such a military-political initiative, first of all, allows Ankara to protect its own interests in the Black Sea, without being exposed to the risk of external interference. An example of this is the operation initiated by Turkey in 2004 "Black Sea Harmony" (Black Sea Harmony), providing for constant patrolling by Turkish ships of communications in the southwestern part of the Black Sea area.

Existing since 2001, the Black Sea Naval Operational Interaction Group Blackseafor (BLACKSEAFOR), consisting of Bulgarian, Georgian, Russian, Romanian, Turkish and Ukrainian ships, also owes its appearance to Ankara.

At the same time, official Ankara and Baku (“two states of one nation” (Heydar Aliyev)) reacted to the political decision made public in August 2010 in Moscow and Yerevan to prolong the deployment of the Russian military base in Gyumri (Armenia) for 49 years, although eastern veiled, but lightning fast.

Representatives of "one nation" discussed in the lobby of their governments the possibility deployment of a Turkish military base in Nakhichevan (Azerbaijan) as a guarantor of the security of the gas and oil pipelines of the two states located close to the theater of the recent Georgian-Abkhazian hostilities.

Along with Nakhichevan, the deployment of a new naval base (naval base) of the Turkish Navy in Trabzon, on the eastern part of the Black Sea coast of the country, where a brigade of diverse forces can be based, continues.

Let's not forget the events of the summer of 1941, when, with the consent of the Turkish side, German and Italian warships rushed into the Black Sea through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles. In 1945, the United States and Great Britain reacted with hostility to Soviet proposals to amend the provisions of the Montreux Convention of 1936, granting Turkey the right to close the straits in the event "when it seems to Turkey that there is a threat of war, and the question is when this threat arises Turkey itself decides” (Joseph Stalin).

The connection of Turkish submarines at sea, from the site From the site defensetalk.com

Creation of a Soviet naval base in the Bosporus and Dardanelles zone (naval base - BSNews ) was regarded by the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition as an encroachment on the sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey. In 1952, Turkey became a member of the NATO bloc, and in the same year, the first American aircraft carrier moored on the Istanbul roadstead of Maltepe.

In the North Atlantic Alliance, along with the protection of the straits, one of the main tasks of the Turkish fleet with the onset of the time "H" is the destruction of the ships of a potential enemy in their places of permanent deployment.

Therefore, the commanders of Turkish ships and their navigators are well aware of the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Azov and Caspian sailing directions, and their seemingly aging ships and submarines do not rust at the piers, but constantly go to sea to work out combat training tasks.

The strength of the Turkish navy lies in daily combat training, and the country's presence in NATO, as before, disciplines its sailors.

For a long time, Turkey was forced to acquire old ships from its allies in the bloc in order to have exactly as many of them in combat formation as needed to fulfill the tasks of the North Atlantic Alliance. The replacement or modernization of these ships with the participation of the same NATO allies was carried out according to schedules with strict regulations, since the rotation of Turkish warships, first of all, took into account the tasks of the alliance.

Today, Turkish admirals, entering into long-term contacts with foreign shipbuilders, do not rush indiscriminately with the "pro-American" modernization of ships, but carry it out commensurate with both the real economic capabilities of their country and the future needs of its fleet.

Measuring seven times, they gradually transfer the burden of fulfilling shipbuilding contracts to national shipyards,

than create additional jobs for compatriots, standardize naval weapons and gradually move away from foreign, primarily American and German, dependence on military shipbuilding.

Due to the timely and comprehensive modernization of its national naval forces, the main Turkish naval base Goljuk has now achieved an operational-strategic advantage in the Black Sea over Sevastopol and Novorossiysk.

All this allows Ankara to prevent the deterioration of current relations with Moscow, Brussels or Washington in the military-political and military-technical field. As, however, and not to follow the pro-Russian or pro-NATO political fairway. It appears that

Turkey, relying on the provisions of the 1936 Convention and its navy, which is growing day by day, will continue to expand its influence on the Black Sea countries, trying to push Russia back in the regions north of Ankara with economic and political (diplomatic) steps.

The command of the Turkish Navy and the defense industry, seeking funds, are implementing the national program of 1996 to create a qualitatively new navy day by day. Moreover, the vision of the Turkish military-political leadership for the country's new navy is carried out through the prism of updating (modernizing) existing forces. Then, according to the admirals from Golcuk, their fleet will ensure the deterrence of external threats through its presence in the seas adjacent to the Turkish coast.

Ankara believes that only well-armed maneuverable ships - frigates, corvettes and small submarines - will be able to accomplish this task.

The future of the depths of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean
- for Turkish submarines

Today, the Turkish Navy has 6 submarines of the German project 209/1200 of the Atylai type (TCG "Atilay" - approx. BSNews ) the buildings Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, HDW.

Reference BSNews : TCG- ships and vessels of the Turkish Navy have a prefix TCG from tour. Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Gemisi- The ship of the Turkish Republic.

Lead boat "Atylay" with tactical number S-347 commissioned back in 1975, and the last series S-352"Down" (TCG "Dolunay" - approx. BSNews ) left the stocks in 1989.

The displacement of these ships is small: 990 tons - surface and 1200 tons - underwater, respectively. Length - 56 m, width - 6 m and draft - 5.5 m. The highest surface speed is 10, underwater - 22 knots. Cruising range - up to 5000 miles at a speed of 8 knots. The single-shaft power plant of the ship consists of four diesel generators (DG) with a capacity of 1000 hp each. each, and the main propulsion motor (HED) with a power of 5000 hp. Armament consists of eight 533-mm torpedo tubes with up to 20 torpedoes. Crew - 33 people.

According to the Turkish fleet re-equipment program until 2015, starting with the lead, older boat of this series, the ships will alternately undergo minor modernization at Turkish shipyards in terms of equipping them with missile weapons fired from torpedo tubes.

Submarine TCG "Atilay" in the Sevastopol Bay, fghtkm 2009, from the site sevastopol.info

Rearmament will allow submarines of the Atylai series to strike not only with torpedoes SST4 And Mk37 German and American production, but also ship-to-ship missiles UGM-84L Harpoon.

In the near future, the completion of the American project DCGS-N (Distributed Common Ground System-Navy) will allow NATO naval groups, when firing Harpoon anti-ship missiles, to have several alternative processing centers for the flight data of missiles in their combat use. Currently, data in a combat situation, as a rule, is broadcast by a carrier-based helicopter. SH-60B systems LAMPS to the control ship of the expeditionary group, where the links of this control chain, in fact, are closed.

In the Black Sea conditions, use the mentioned two-link control chain when firing RCCHarpoon (RCC - anti-ship missiles -approx. BSNews ) on high-speed boats and other maneuverable targets of the enemy, Turkish sailors seem inappropriate. If for a serious defeat of a missile boat of a two hundred and thirty-kilogram warhead of one missile UGM-84L quite enough, then at least 3-4 missiles will be required to sink a destroyer or significantly destroy a cruiser Harpoon. Why create and put at risk a missile cruiser in the Black Sea coast, for example, such as Project 1164, if a submarine whose commander is well aware of the previously mentioned sailing directions will successfully carry out a covert attack in the water area?

In the combat formation of the Turkish fleet there is a series of 8 diesel-electric submarines similar to the Atylai type (diesel-electric submarine - approx. BSNews ) project 209/1400 of the Prevez type, already built at a Turkish shipyard Colcuk Naval Shipyard, but again according to the German, albeit improved project.

lead boat S353 Prevez (TCG Preveze-approx. BSNews ) replenished the composition of the national Navy in 1994 on the eve of the adoption of the national program, and the closing series S360 Inonu left the stocks relatively recently - in 2007.

BSnews: the author somewhat simplifies the classification - in fact, the TCG S-360 "I.Inonu" and 3 more submarines - TCG Gur (S-357), TCG Canakkale (S-358), TCG Burakreis (S-359) belong to the following modification series 209/1400. In the Turkish Navy, they are classified asGur, in other special sources called the series 209/1400mod ...

German and British designers (HDW and MFI, Marine Force International) increased the displacement of these ships to 1464/1586 tons. Without losing the speed of their predecessors, the Prevez-class submarines have grown somewhat in size (length - 62 m, width - 6.2 m with a constant draft of 5.5 m). The cruising range remained the same - 5000 miles - however, at half the speed, i.e. only 4 knots. The power plant on submarines of the Prevez type consists of four MTU 12V396 SB83 diesel generators with 900 hp each. and one HED with a capacity of 4000 hp. Crew - 35 people.

BSnews: accordingly, 4 submarines of the Gur type have the same dimensions, but a slightly larger draft - 5.8 m, an electric motor with a power of 3800 hp, a slightly lower speed and a larger crew - up to 45 people. (See Turkish Navy website www.dzkk.tsk.tr)

Project 209/1400 ships still have eight 533 mm torpedo tubes ( torpedo tubes - BSNews ) . The question is, what was the improvement of the submarine?

Torpedo ammunition Mk37 on Prevez reduced to 14 units. for the sake of placing another 6-8 anti-ship missiles on board the boat Harpoon or the complete replacement of its torpedo ammunition with missile ammunition, which allows firing from torpedo tubes. It turned out that minor design changes in the 209/1400 boat project compared to the 209/1200 project made it possible to significantly increase the threat to a potential enemy in the Black Sea and Mediterranean coasts.

Project 209/1400 Preveze-class submarine near Istanbul, from commons.wikimedia.org

Work on the propulsion system of the Prevez series boats made them even less noisy, and, given the small dimensions of both types of ships, Project 209/1400 (1200) submarines remain still difficult to detect. The low autonomy and low underwater speed of Turkish boats are compensated by increasing combat effectiveness due to the introduction of Harpoon anti-ship missiles into the ammunition load.

At the same time, rockets, containers, test and auxiliary equipment, spare parts, technical documentation for RCC Harpoon Ankara receives and will continue to receive from Washington. The Pentagon will continue training Turkish naval personnel, technical support for missiles UGM-84L and performing other logistical tasks for Harpoon.

According to the plans of the Turkish naval command, six boats of the Atylai type will remain guards of the 1936 Convention until 2015-2025, when they will be gradually replaced by six new non-nuclear submarines with air-independent power plants of project 214/1500 of the German-British consortium HDW - MFI.

Compared to the Prevez-class submarines, the dimensions of the new ships will increase slightly: length - 63 m, width - 6.3 m, underwater displacement of 1700 tons. The maximum speed in the submerged position will be no more than 20 knots. The crew will be reduced to 27 people. The number of torpedo tubes will remain unchanged - 8. They will be used both for firing torpedoes and underwater launch missiles, and for mine laying. The design of the engines and the special coating of the submarine's hull will reduce the level of its noise picked up by hydroacoustics. The boat is capable of diving to a depth of 400 m. The modular principle of its design and the laying of ships at national shipyards will contribute to the further modernization of this boat series by Turkish shipbuilders.

Submarine of project 214 on the slipway of HDW company in Kiel (Germany), from the site en.wikipedia.org

Thus, the adoption of Project 214/1500 submarines into the fleet meets Turkish ambitions to fully control and influence the situation in the Black Sea basin and straits - “originally Ottoman”, according to Ankara, territories.

It is noteworthy that the decommissioning of Project 209/1200 ships, the modernization of Project 209/1400 submarines and the commissioning of Project 214/1500 boats will be carried out by Turkish naval sailors in such a way that at least 13-14 units capable of entering service are constantly in the campaign. sea ​​and inflict a torpedo or missile attack on the enemy. By the completion of the replacement of the Atylai submarine with ships with air-independent power plants, the modernized Prevez will be able, like the new Project 214 nuclear submarines, to secretly lay mines.

The mentioned ambitions of Turkish submariners for dominance in the Black Sea, multiplied by the calculations of domestic (Turkish - BSnews) shipbuilders, successfully materialize in our days.

Turkish admirals are expecting the first of four special ships of the series MOSHIP(literally - the mother ship, uterus), designed to conduct search and rescue operations to rescue crews and submarines that are out of order, damaged or sunk at a depth of up to 600 m.

According to the plans of the military and the calculations of shipbuilders, a maximum of 72 hours is enough for a new mother ship to carry out a successful rescue operation to raise the crew of the shipwrecked boat to the surface or to ensure the survivability of a (drifting) submarine lying on the ground for a time during which the crew with specialists MOSHIP deal with failures.

Published data indicate that the ship will have a cruising range of up to 4,500 miles (14 knots), and a maximum speed of up to 18 knots, which will allow it to reach any point in two areas of operational responsibility of the Turkish Navy in the Black Sea or the Mediterranean in two days.

The length of the rescue first-born at the waterline is 82.5 m, the width is 20.4 m, the draft is 5.0 m, the displacement is 4500 tons. The MOSHIP vessel has an abundance of decompression and emergency recompression facilities. In particular, almost the entire crew of submarines of projects 209/1400 or 214 is placed in its pressure chamber, designed for 32 people. m with sea waves up to 6 points.

Vessel of MOSHIP series. From defensetalk.com

When there are four ships of the MOSHIP type, which, as noted, is included in the plans of the Turkish admirals, the rescue ships will be divided by the command of the Navy between six naval regions: the Black Sea, Bosphorus, Dardanelles and Marmara Sea (Northern zone), Aegean and Mediterranean (Southern zone), which will significantly reduce the time for the arrival of rescue teams to the place of assistance to the submarine.

The circumstance of laying by the Turkish military-political leadership on the national stocks of ships of the type MOSHIP simultaneously with the boats of the project 214/1500 is respected. It is impossible to remain indifferent to the tragedies associated with the death of submariners at sea in peacetime, including because of the so-called human factor. Let us recall the lessons of the rescue operation of the Kursk submarine in the Northern Fleet. Comments are unnecessary here.

To be continued