Klinsko-dmitrovskaya ridge on the map. Glacial history

Length - over 200 km, average width - 40 km. highest height- 285 m (near the village of Remmash, Sergiev Posad district).

relief, geology

The relief is hilly-ridged, the southern slopes are more gentle compared to the northern ones. Geologically, the ridge consists of bedrock covered with sandy-argillaceous deposits of the Jurassic (west of Klin) and Cretaceous periods. Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks are mostly overlain by Quaternary deposits. The surface of the ridge is strongly dissected - elevation differences in places (as, for example, in the Paramonovsky ravine near Yakhroma) reach 100 m.

Hydrography

The ridge is a watershed of the basins of the upper Volga and Oka: the rivers of the northern slope belong to the basin upper Volga, southern slopes - tributaries of the Oka (the Moscow and Klyazma rivers). Two rivers of the Upper Volga basin - Yakhroma and Lutosnya - begin on the southern (Klyazma) slope and cut through the watershed.

The river valleys are clearly defined; on a hill, the rivers Klyazma, Yakhroma, Dubna, Volgusha, etc. originate. There are lakes of glacial-morainic origin (Senezh, Trostenskoye, etc.).

The soils are soddy-podzolic, the northern slopes are plowed.

Story

The eastern part of the ridge is included in historical area Radonezh with the ancient cities of Dmitrov and Sergiev Posad, and their monasteries, which became the spiritual center of the early Muscovite state.

During the Great Patriotic War, fierce battles unfolded for the prevailing heights of the ridge, one of such places was Peremilovskaya height near Dmitrov.

Meaning

Located on a hill big cities Klin, Solnechnogorsk, Dmitrov, Khotkovo, Sergiev Posad

Along the entire ridge is laid Northern part car ring A108 "BMK" , - having significant slopes, but at the same time a fairly solid road.

The natural elevation difference near the village of Bogorodskoye, Sergiev Posad district, is effectively used at the Zagorsk pumped storage power plant.

Near Dmitrov is located the famous Dmitrovsky auto-polygon.

Numerous sand and gravel quarries closest to Moscow are being developed on the hill, brick and expanded clay raw materials, building sands are used.

Tourism and rest

Due to the fact that the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge has the largest elevation difference near Moscow, numerous ski resorts are located on its slopes (Sorochany, Volen, etc.).

The upland is a famous place of tourism, it is historical cities Sergiev Posad and Dmitrov, various estate complexes (for example, Abramtsevo) and reserves (for example, the Gremyachiy Klyuch waterfall).

Recreation on clean rivers and lakes of the hills, hunting and gathering in the forests are popular.

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Literature

• Vagner B. B. Manucharyants B. O.. - M .: MGPU, 2003. - 92 p.

Notes

An excerpt characterizing the Klin-Dmitrov ridge

There were already winters, morning frosts shackled the ground moistened with autumn rains, already the greenery had become narrower and brightly green separated from the stripes of turning brown, knocked out by cattle, winter and light yellow spring stubble with red stripes of buckwheat. The peaks and forests, which at the end of August were still green islands between the black fields of winter and stubble, became golden and bright red islands in the midst of bright green winters. The hare was already halfway lost (molted), the fox broods began to disperse, and the young wolves were larger than the dog. It was the best hunting time. The dogs of the hot, young hunter Rostov not only entered the hunting body, but also knocked out so that in general council The hunters decided to give the dogs a rest for three days, and on September 16 to go on a trip, starting from the oak forest, where there was an untouched wolf brood.
This was the state of affairs on the 14th of September.
All that day the hunt was at home; it was frosty and poignant, but in the evening it began to rejuvenate and warmed up. On September 15, when young Rostov looked out the window in the morning in a dressing gown, he saw such a morning, better than which nothing could be better for hunting: as if the sky was melting and descending to the ground without wind. The only movement that was in the air was the quiet movement from top to bottom of descending microscopic drops of mist or mist. Transparent drops hung from the bare branches of the garden and fell on the newly fallen leaves. The ground in the garden, like poppies, turned glossy wet black, and at a short distance merged with the dull and damp cover of fog. Nikolay went out onto the porch, wet with dirt, which smelled of withering forest and dogs. The black-spotted, broad-assed bitch Milka, with big black bulging eyes, saw her master, stood up, stretched back and lay down like a brown, then unexpectedly jumped up and licked him right on the nose and mustache. Another greyhound dog, seeing the owner from the colored path, arching its back, quickly rushed to the porch and raising the rule (tail), began to rub against Nikolai's legs.

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge- part of the Moscow Upland, located in the northern part of the Moscow region, as well as in the extreme south of the Yaroslavl region.

In the north it borders on the Upper Volga lowland, in the east - on the Vladimir Opole, the western border - the sources of the Istra River.

Length - over 200 km, average width - 40 km. The highest height is 285 m (near the village of Remmash, Sergiev Posad district).

relief, geology

The relief is hilly-ridged, the southern slopes are more gentle compared to the northern ones. Geologically, the ridge consists of bedrock covered with sandy-argillaceous deposits of the Jurassic (west of Klin) and Cretaceous periods, covered by a layer of glacial deposits.

Important problems of Quaternary geology are focused on the territory of the Klin-Dmitrov Upland, not only in the Moscow region, but also in the center of the Russian Plain as a whole. Long-term studies of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland have not yet removed the controversial issues about the number, age and boundaries of the distribution of glaciations and have far from exhausted the relevance of their study. Moreover, the most confusing issue is the distribution of Lower Quaternary glacial deposits. The degree of knowledge of the Lower Quaternary deposits remains insufficient. These deposits have been studied much worse than the Upper and Middle Quaternary. Another unresolved stratigraphic problem is the question of the distribution area of ​​the Upper Pleistocene (Kalinin) glaciation in a given territory.

The debatable nature of many issues of the Quaternary geology of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland is largely associated with the extreme diversity and heterogeneity of the structure of the Quaternary deposits, both in terms of the completeness of the section and in terms of thickness. In addition, the widespread development of marginal formations, glaciodislocations, outliers, and landslides greatly complicates the understanding of the general pattern of stratification of Quaternary deposits in this area. All this indicates the need for further comprehensive study of Quaternary geology, geomorphology and paleogeography and requires a systematic approach to the study of the geology of the Klin-Dmitrov Upland.

New materials of complex paleogeographic studies obtained on the territory of the Klin-Dmitrov Upland make it possible to more reasonably approach the dissection of the Quaternary sequence, which gives Additional information to solve the problem of the multiplicity of glaciations and to clarify the boundaries of their distribution. According to the complex lithological-paleogeographic zoning of the Moscow region, the territory of the Klin-Dmitrov Upland is heterogeneous and is divided into four sub-regions:

1. northern slope of the socle glacial hill;
2. glacial-accumulative upland (western part);
3. the central part of the ice ridge;
4. southeastern slope of the glacier-erosion upland.

Pre-glacial lithomorphostructures have a significant impact on the conditions of occurrence, thickness and specificity of deposits.

For the Center of the Russian Plain as a whole (including the Klin-Dmitrov Upland), a radial and marginal structure of the Middle Pleistocene ice sheets was established, which predetermined the features of the formation of the relief, the structure of the section, and the material composition of the deposits. For the Moscow glaciation, based on a complex of lithological and paleogeographic features, the dominant southeastern direction of glacial drift from Scandinavia was determined, which is in good agreement with the theory of continental glaciation. The ice-dividing zones, glaciodepressions, and lobed structure of the marginal zone have been reconstructed. Thanks to the studies carried out, it was possible to distinguish between glacial flows of matter coming from various remote provinces of drift, which is of fundamental importance for the formation of the composition of deposits. The boundaries of ice sheets of different ages are important geomorphological and stratigraphic boundaries. Structural features of the section of Quaternary deposits in various parts of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland are largely associated with the boundaries of the distribution of the elevated Cretaceous basement, the erosive surface of which caused very different completeness and uneven thickness of the Quaternary cover (from several meters to 50–70 m). In the central part of the upland (east of the Moscow Canal), erosional remnants of the pre-Quaternary surface with absolute elevations of more than 200 m are confined to the highest sections of the modern relief (more than 250 m above sea level). hilly-ridged finite-moraine relief.

The band of marginal formations, generally predetermined by the pre-Quaternary relief, was for a long time taken as the boundary of the Late Moskovsky stage of the Moscow glaciation. Currently, this border is drawn to the south.

In the western part of the ridge, the surface of the modern and paleorelief is somewhat lower; the highest elevations are confined to the watershed of the Sestra, Klyazma, and Lutosnia rivers. On this single site, there is a direct correspondence between the modern and pre-Quaternary relief.

The section of Quaternary deposits on the watersheds is mainly represented by moraine, which is quite arbitrarily divided into horizons of different ages. On the southeastern slope of the upland, the simplest structure of the section of the Quaternary stratum is noted, most often consisting of one moraine horizon with a thickness, as a rule, of several meters. In general, there are very few sections with a clear stratigraphic interpretation within the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Upland.

Of great importance for solving the problems of stratigraphic subdivision of the Middle and Late Pleistocene are the reference sections studied by us on the river. Kunye (Zagorskaya PSP), in the area of ​​Dmitrov and the Spass-Kamensky quarry in the vicinity of Iksha.

Pleistocene deposits with a total thickness of up to 70 m were uncovered in a deep pit 20 km northeast of the city of Sergiev Posad, in the place where the valley of the Kunya River cuts through the northern foot of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland. thicknesses Three moraine horizons interspersed with interglacial sandy-argillaceous sediments are markers for correlation with the reference sections of the Russian Plain. Significant refinements to the stratigraphic position of the horizons are made by palynological analysis of lacustrine-alluvial deposits occurring under the moraine second from the surface (M3). The distribution of broad-leaved forests with areas of dark coniferous species of a rather rich species composition, the presence of some relic elements, the richness of the flora, the presence of coniferous species during the dominance of broad-leaved species, as well as the growth of hornbeam with the simultaneous participation of fir, testify to the Likhvinian age of the deposits. The most probable age of the middle (M3) moraine, therefore, is Dnieper. At the base of the section, a brown moraine (M4), third from the surface, was exposed, the apparent thickness of which is 2–5 m.

The study of the lithology and mineral composition of the deposits provides a basis for a clear identification of horizons, including moraine ones. The middle (M3) moraine has a predominantly monolithic texture, is dislocated in places, and contains small sloughs of glauconite sand and black Paramonovskaya clay. It is saturated with fragments of various sizes and compositions. There are many carbonate varieties among small inclusions; igneous rocks predominate among pebbles. There is an increased content of minerals from local underlying rocks: disthene, staurolite, sulfides, etc. In the upper, more sandy, reddish-brown moraine, minerals from remote and transit feeding provinces dominate, namely, hornblende, the leading mineral of Fennoscandia (25-30%) - and epidote (average 15%). The oldest moraine (M4) differs in mineralogical composition from both the middle (M3) and the upper (M2) moraine and, apparently, is of the Lower Pleistocene age.

The data on the mineralogy of the clay fraction confirm the above. The complex of clay minerals of the upper moraine includes hydromica (about 60%), montmorillonite and mixed-layer formations: hydromica-montmorillonite (20-30%), kaolinite with an admixture of chlorite (20-30%). In the spectrum of clay minerals of the lower moraine, the content of hydromica decreases to 50% or less, the inclusion of minerals with a labile lattice increases to 30% or more, the content of kaolinite with chlorite (in total) is about 30%, and the proportion of chlorite increases. A noticeable increase in the content of minerals of the montmorillonite group in the lower moraine is obviously associated with its sharp predominance in the underlying Mesozoic rocks.

The established significant differences in the material composition of the two moraine horizons (M2 and M3) give grounds for classifying them as glacial formations of different ages. In terms of the ratio of local and exotic components, the upper moraine is close to the Moscow moraine of the reference sections of the Yaroslavl Volga region and the Moscow region, and the lower moraine is similar to the Dnieper moraine. The identified correlation lithological features of moraine horizons of different ages are of regional significance.

From the stratigraphic point of view, a section with an interglacial peat bog on the outskirts of the city of Dmitrov near a meat processing plant, discovered by A.A. Nosov (Nosov, Skiba, 197) and studied by a team of authors (Boyarskaya et al., 1983b), is extremely interesting. During a repeated detailed examination of it, we uncovered four strata of different ages and different genetics (from top to bottom): 1) covering moraine of red-brown color, 1-2 m thick (M1); 2) intermorainic stratum (2-2.5 m), represented by layered greenish-gray sands, sandy loam with interlayers of organogenic clay and a thick lens of woody peat, which is traced along the strike for 30-40 m; 3) moraine (M2) underlying the lacustrine member, up to 10 m thick, changing color from greenish at the top to brownish-brown at the base; 4) light yellowish-gray sand, from medium-grained to inequigranular, with interlayers of fine-grained, horizontally and cross-bedded, visible thickness of about 5 m.

The joint location in one section of two moraine horizons separated by interglacial sediments, a clear stratigraphic relationship between them, and a rather expressive lithological and spore-pollen characterization of the strata make this section a standard for stratigraphic constructions and paleogeographic reconstructions of the Upper and Middle Pleistocene.

The lower moraine (M2) is represented by brownish-brown sandy loam. It is dense, monolithic texture, with abundant inclusion of gravel, small (1-2 cm) pebbles and individual boulders up to 30-40 cm in diameter or more. The composition of the fragments is dominated by various granites, gneisses, quartzites, shales, sometimes rocks of medium and basic composition, tripoli and (in a small amount) limestone, flint. Among the debris are many weathered. Mineral composition the lower moraine corresponds to the average values ​​characteristic of the Moscow moraine in the territory of the Klin-Dmitrov Upland (Sudakova, 1990). The content of dominant hornblende, for example, reaches 30%, garnet and epidote - about 15%, ilmenite - less than 10%. Attention is drawn to noticeable fluctuations in the content of such minerals as garnet (with an amplitude of 5-10%) and epidote, which are representatives of various Mesozoic rocks from local feeding provinces. The variability of mineralogical parameters in the section and along the strike of the strata is apparently caused by the uneven assimilation of the underlying rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

The upper (Kalininskaya - M1) moraine, which overlies the Mikulinsky peat bog (Boyarskaya et al., 1983), has the following features. The brownish-red porous loam contains abundant gravel and small pebbles of various compositions. Larger fragments are less common. Shoksha sandstones and red granites predominate among them. Lenses of coarse-grained sand are observed. A clearly expressed platy texture testifies in favor of assigning the moraine to the facies of the main moraine. The granulometric analysis data confirm the sandiness of the deposits (up to 60%) and at the same time show a rather high clay content. However, in general, the material of the upper moraine (M1) is sorted relatively better than the Moscow one. The quantitative mineralogical parameters of the upper moraine are, as a rule, more stable (with the exception of garnet), which indicates a large averaging of the composition, and, consequently, a better sorting of the material. It contains 20-30% hornblende and about 10% minerals of the iron oxide and hydroxide group.

In terms of the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction, moraine horizons differ less clearly than in terms of terrigenous components. The spectrum of finely dispersed minerals of the Moscow moraine (M2) contains approximately equal amounts of hydromica and labile minerals - 40-50% of each, kaolinite with an admixture of chlorite is 10-20% in total. The upper (M1) moraine in the composition of the clay fraction includes minerals with a labile lattice - about 50% in total, hydromica - up to 40%, kaolinite with an admixture of chlorite - 10-20% in total.

Thus, the moraine second from the surface in this section (M2) is compared by a complex of lithological parameters with the Moscow moraine of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland. The lower age limit of the upper moraine (M1) is marked by the Mikulin peat bog.

This moraine is thin and does not have an areal distribution. From the sands directly underlying the moraine, a thermoluminescent dating of 123-7 thousand years (TLM-322) was obtained.

A similar section from the series of Dmitrovsky sections was uncovered in the Borisova Gora tract, where a nine-meter layer of layered loams and peat, which, according to V.V. On the basis of palynological data, she identified the following phases of vegetation cover development: 1st phase - spruce and sparse birch forests, with tundra and steppe species preserved in them, transitional from the Moscow glaciation to the Mikulin interglacial; 2nd phase - birch and pine forests- refers to the beginning of the Mikulin interglacial; 3rd phase - mixed forests - marks the beginning of the spread of broad-leaved species - oak and elm; The 4th phase - broad-leaved forests with hazel in the undergrowth - corresponds to the climatic optimum of the interglacial. It is divided into two subphases: 4a - oligodominant oak and elm forests and 4b - polydominant forests with a predominance of linden and hornbeam; The 5th phase - spruce and pine-birch forests with rare broad-leaved species - refers to the end of the interglacial period. A characteristic feature of the Mikulinsky fossil flora is the predominance of elements of the Holarctic, Euro-Asian and European geographical groups in its composition. The East Asian group is represented by one species Osmynda cinnnamomea l.

To the north of Dmitrov, in the vicinity of the city of Iksha, in the Spas-Kamensky quarry being developed, a section of Quaternary deposits with three moraines has been studied in detail.

A series of thermoluminescent datings obtained from the deposits of the Spas-Kamensky section confirms the uneven age of the three moraine horizons occurring on the black (Paramonovsky) clays of the Lower Cretaceous. The most reliable thermoluminescent dating was obtained from the sands immediately underlying the upper moraine, which we attribute to the Kalinin (M1) - TLM-328 94+ 9 thousand years according to the sum of lithological and geological data. The dates of about 110 and 123 ka also serve as the lower age limit of this moraine. The moraine sandy loam itself has a dating of about 88 thousand years, i.e. post-Mikulin age. The upper age limit of this moraine is about 80 ka. The cover loams overlying the moraine date back to the late Valdai: about 42 and 24 thousand years ago.

The lowest age limit of the Moscow moraine (M2) turned out to be the most provided with thermoluminescent dates. A series of five datings, less reliable, but probable, is located in the interval of 154-196 thousand years. Thus, the age of the Moscow moraine is a little over 170 thousand years, which does not contradict the conditions of its occurrence. Dating from the deposits covering the Dnieper moraine (M3) - about 280 thousand years - show that at least 100 thousand years passed from the end of the Dnieper to the beginning of the Moscow glaciation.

Thus, the conducted studies of the reference sections of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge testify to the presence of glacial horizons of different ages. The glacial horizons attributable to the Middle Pleistocene (Moscow and Dnieper moraines) are most confidently correlated in terms of a set of features. For the first time, a complex paleogeographic analysis substantiated the presence of the Upper Pleistocene (Kalinin) moraine in the area of ​​Dmitrov and Ikshi.

The authors are deeply satisfied that the direction of their research, the methodological approach to the integrated study of glacial deposits, as well as the area of ​​work being carried out, are associated with bright ideas and the glorious name of the remarkable geographer P.A. Kropotkin.

Hydrography

The ridge is the watershed of the upper Volga and Oka basins.

The river valleys are clearly defined; the rivers Klyazma, Yakhroma, Dubna, Volgusha, and others originate on a hill. There are lakes of glacial-moraine origin (Senezh, Trostenskoe, and others).

The ridge is crossed by the Moscow Canal, on the southern slope there is a large reservoir consisting of the Klyazma, Uchinsky, Pestovsky, Pyalovsky, Ikshinsky and Khimki reservoirs, the Istra reservoir was created in the west, and the Zagorskoye reservoir in the east.

Flora and fauna

The forests are coniferous-deciduous, mixed, the forest area is up to 50%, a significant part of them is protected and is old-growth. There are raised bogs.

In the forests there are bears, wild boars, roe deer, badgers, ermines, hares, foxes, beavers.

The soils are soddy-podzolic, the northern slopes are plowed.

Story

The eastern part of the ridge is included in the historical region of Radonezh with the ancient cities of Dmitrov and Sergiev Posad, and their monasteries, which became the spiritual center of the early Muscovite state.

During the Great Patriotic War, fierce battles unfolded for the prevailing heights of the ridge, one of such places was Peremilovskaya height near Dmitrov.

Meaning

On the hill are the large cities of Klin, Solnechnogorsk, Dmitrov, Khotkovo, Sergiev Posad.

Along the entire ridge, the northern part of the A108 "BMK" automobile ring is laid, which has significant slopes, but at the same time a fairly solid road.

The natural elevation difference near the village of Bogorodskoye, Sergiev Posad district, is effectively used at the Zagorsk pumped storage power plant.

Near Dmitrov is the famous Dmitrov auto-polygon.

Numerous sand and gravel quarries closest to Moscow are being developed on the hill, brick and expanded clay raw materials, building sands are used.

Tourism and rest

Due to the fact that the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge has the largest elevation difference near Moscow, numerous ski resorts (Sorochany, Volen, etc.) are located on its slopes.

The hill is a famous place for tourism, these are the historical cities of Sergiev Posad and Dmitrov, various estate complexes (for example, Abramtsevo) and reserves (for example, the Gremyachiy waterfall).

Recreation on clean rivers and lakes of the hills, hunting and gathering in the forests are popular.

Route: platform Morozki (6th zone, 50 km from Moscow) - Batyushkovo - Sychevka - Ulyanki - platf. Frost The length of the route is about 25 km

The route passes through the picturesque valleys of the Komarikha and Yakhroma rivers and the spurs of the Klin-Dmitrov ridge. On the river Yakhroma good places for swimming.

From the Morozka platform, go right (east), cross Dmitrov highway and across the bridge to cross the Moscow Canal. To the east of the canal is the village of Batyushkovo, notable for its five-domed stone church. The temple was built in 1666 by order of the votchinnik, Duma nobleman Nesterov. St. Nicholas Church is richly decorated with carved architraves and portals.

From Batyushkov no more than 1.5 km to the village of Kuzyaevo. Leaving it on the left and passing the field, the country road enters a dense mixed forest and leads east to the village of Sychevka (about 5 km from Kuzyaev). The forest is dominated by spruce, birch and alder. In autumn there are mushrooms: boletus, boletus, there are also porcini. The road is damp in places. Sychevka is located on the left bank of the Komarikha river. Its banks are covered with dense forest. Further the way goes right bank of the Komarikha, downstream to its confluence with the Yakhroma. Both banks are steep and precipitous in places. If tourists come with an overnight stay, then we can recommend staying near Sychevka. There are many places suitable for a halt. It is better not to be located near the water itself, but to rise higher, since the banks of Komarikha are damp and swampy in places. There are a lot of mosquitoes here, which is probably why the name of the river comes from.

The trail along the river now approaches close to the water, then rises, bypassing damp places. Along the way, there are picturesque glades, bordered on one side by a river, and on the other - by a high forest. It is especially good on the banks of Komarikha in September-October, when the river valley is colored with crimson colors of autumn.

From Sychevka to the river Yakhroma about 4 km. A few tens of meters from the mouth of Komarikha there is a crossing. Attracts the confluence of Komarikha and Yakhroma. The river valleys are getting wider. They are surrounded by high wooded shores. steep cape at the confluence of Komarikha with Yakhroma, it is called Baranovaya Gora. Apparently, the Russian city of Vyshgorod was located here. The remains of an earthen rampart are visible. Nearby, archaeologists discovered ceramics of the Dyakovo type.

Further, tourists go along the left bank of the Yakhroma downstream. The valley of this river is known as one of the most beautiful in the Moscow region. Hilly shores covered with mixed forest give it a special flavor. Yakhroma - a small river (its length is about 80 km) - originates in the forests. In these places it flows to the west. Sometimes its channel runs in a deep valley between the hills of the Klin-Dmitrovsky ridge. At the Tourist platform, Yakhroma forms a reservoir, then turns north and flows further into the Sestra River. IN downstream the shores of the winding Yakhroma are low and swampy.

The trail leads to a good dirt road running along the left steep bank of the river. On the opposite bank, also high, lies the village of Ilyinskoye.

Soon the forests end and the path continues through open hilly places to the villages of Ulyanki and Mineevo. In the west, a strip of forests is visible, in the north, the water surface of the Yakhroma reservoir sparkles. On its shore is the village of Svistukha, where the house in which the famous Russian artist S.V. Ivanov lived and died in 1910, the author of realistic works dedicated to the life of peasants and the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, has been preserved. On the grave of the artist there is a tombstone made according to the sketch of A. M. Vasnetsov.

From Svistukha return to the Morozka platform through the village of Batyushkovo (about 6 km). You can travel this section of the road by bus. IN winter time the route can be shortened and from Svistukha go out on the ice through the Moscow Canal to the Tourist platform.

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge

part of the Moscow Upland, in the north of the Moscow region. Height up to 285 m. Hilly-ridge relief.

KLINSKO-DMITROVSKAYA GRID, part of the Moscow (cm. MOSCOW HIGHLIGHT)., in the north of the Moscow region. Height up to 285 m. Hilly-ridge relief.

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See what the "Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Ridge" is in other dictionaries:

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge- Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge ... Wikipedia

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Ridge- part of the Moscow erection, in the north of the Moscow region. Height up to 285 m. Hilly ridge relief ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Ridge- KLINSKO-DMITROVSKAYA GRID, part of the Moscow Upland, in the north of the Moscow Region. Height up to 285 m. Hilly ridge relief. Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland ... Russian history

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge- part of the Smolensk Moscow erection. It stretches from west to east from Klin to Sergiev Posad (Moscow Region). The length is over 200 km, the height is up to 285 m. It is composed of glacial deposits. Sev. steep slope, south - gentle. picturesque hilly area, a lot of … Geographic Encyclopedia

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge- Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, the northern part of the Moscow Upland, mainly in the Moscow region. The length is over 200 km, the height is up to 285 m. It is composed mainly of bedrock, covered with a layer of glacial deposits. The relief is hilly ridge… Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge- part of the Moscow Upland (See Moscow Upland), mainly in the north of the Moscow Region of the RSFSR. Length over 200 km, width from 25 to 55 km. Height up to 285 m (North of Zagorsk). At the base it is composed of sandy clayey ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Smolensk-Moscow Upland- extends to the north eastbound from the left bank of the river Dnieper near the city of Orsha (Belarus) to the vicinity of the cities of Yuryev Polsky and Pereslavl Zalessky (the territory of Smolensk, Moscow, Vladimir and Yaroslavl regions). About 500 km.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Most of The territory of the region has been turned by denudation processes into a slightly undulating plain, divided by deeply incised valleys into interfluves, along which stand-alone moraine hills are scattered. The riverine strips are heavily indented by ravines and, in terms of surface structure, differ significantly from the watershed flat areas. The entire surface of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge is covered with moraine deposits, on top of which cover loams lie, sometimes there are areas of morainic sands. The moraine comes to the surface on hills and riverine eroded massifs.

3. The Meshcherskaya lowland is located directly to the east of Moscow. It is characterized by a flat surface and low absolute altitudes gradually decreasing from west to east. In most of the lowland, the sands lie directly on the bedrock of the Jurassic and Carboniferous age. Moraine deposits have been preserved in the Meshcherskaya lowland only in separate areas, which usually stand out against the background of a flat, monotonous relief by a higher level. A characteristic feature of Meshchera is a strong swampiness. Wetlands occupy about 65% total area lowlands, and peatlands make up thousands of square kilometers. Most of the marshes are of the lowland type. There are many lakes among swampy massifs.

4. Moskvoretsko-Oka plain is located south of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the coast of the Moscow River. The main type of relief of the interfluve spaces in the area are slightly undulating plains. However, there are areas with a distinctly pronounced hilly relief. The relative height of the hills reaches 10 - 15 m. In most cases, they are composed of moraine, but there are also sandy ones. The erosional dismemberment of the plain is less pronounced than on the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge.

5. Zaoksky district is located in the north-eastern part of the Central Russian Upland, in the south of the region. It has typically erosional forms. The surface of the plain is divided into relatively narrow watersheds with sloping slopes. The river valleys, ravines and gullies separating them cut into the thickness of the bedrock, so their shape depends on the composition and properties of the latter.

Moraine occurs everywhere on the bedrocks of mail. It is absent only in river valleys.

Cover loams are the most widespread in the region. They dominate the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the Moskvoretsko-Oka plain and in the Zaoksky district. Covering loams are homogeneous in their thickness. Their granulometric composition is dominated by silty fractions. The silt content fluctuates greatly; both heavy, medium and light loams can be found.

The main component of the gross composition is silica, the content of which usually ranges from 75-85%. The content of bases (CaO + MgO) rarely exceeds 2-4%. The content of sesquioxides (Al2O3 + Fe2O3) is also low in them, about 10-15%. Covering loams have a porous structure, often give deep vertical cracks, and have good water permeability.

Fluvioglacial and ancient alluvial sands form the main background of soil-forming rocks in Meshchera. Among them there are homogeneous, layered sands, differing in the size of sand grains, and, finally, sands with gravel and pebbles. Sand deposits are extremely poor in ash elements, quartz in them is from 85% to 95 -98% of the total mass. They have an extremely low absorption capacity.

Moraine in the Moscow region is rare and is an unsorted mass of loose material, including boulders, pebbles, sand and clay. Moraine in the Moscow region of loamy composition. It is usually very dense, poorly air and water permeable, and not cracked. The degree of moraine bouldering is not great. Moray loams from a depth of 150-180 cm contain carbonate inclusions.

Heterogeneous sediments on the territory of the region are mainly represented by cover loams or sands, within 80 - 100 cm, underlain by moraine.

Modern alluvial sediments as a soil-forming rock exist within the floodplain massifs, they are very heterogeneous in different parts of the floodplains.

The heterogeneity of sediments, periodic maximum water saturation of the strata during the period of river floods create in them numerous layers of stagnant moisture, patchy or stratified periodic waterlogging.

relief heterogeneity, geological structure, soil-forming rocks, climate diversity contributed to the development in this region genetically different soils: sod-podzolic, podzols, marsh-podzolic, marsh, alluvial and others. The soil cover of the region is dominated by soddy-podzolic soils of various granulometric composition, with low natural fertility, requiring the application of fertilizers and liming. They occupy more than half of the territory of the region. This is followed by bog-podzolic and gray forest soils. A small part of the territory in the extreme south of the region, south of the Osetr River, is occupied by podzolized chernozems. Alluvial soils predominate in the river valleys. In the north and east of the region, in the areas of the Upper Volga and Meshcherskaya lowlands, podzols and waterlogged soils are often found.

The Moscow region belongs to the erosion-hazardous regions, since the soddy-podzolic, light gray and gray forest soils dominating in the arable land are unstable to this process; The development of erosion is also facilitated by the wavy-hilly relief of our region.

Soil erosion in the Moscow region began to manifest itself with the beginning of agriculture and deforestation (2-3 thousand years ago), especially with the appearance of permanent fields. Already in the second half of the XVIII century. humus in arable lands contained on average 2-3 times less than in the forest soils that gave birth to them. In the XVIII-XIX centuries. in the Moscow province, due to the centuries-old plowing of soils and their erosion, the yield of winter and spring crops noticeably decreases, and the number of ravines is growing rapidly.

In our area, the soil has always been “held” and “nourished” by forest vegetation. As soon as a person cut down a forest area, the composition of the soil here began to deteriorate (if no a large number fertilizers), not "fortified" banks of rivers and streams were washed away, the streams of melt and rain water did not soak into the soil, but quickly "rolled down" the slopes, washing away the soil and cutting ravines. Many ravines, especially in the south of the Moscow region, are of human origin. For example, in 1874, in the spring, the accumulated mass of melt water washed away the coast near the villages of Kolomenskoye and the village of Dyakova, and in one day a ravine 200 m long, up to 10 m deep and 15-17 m wide was formed.

In the second half of the 20th century, when the fields were enlarged and the intensity of agriculture grew, erosion in the Moscow region became even more intense, which was largely facilitated by the absence of special anti-erosion agrotechnical measures.

Strawberries are not demanding on the soil, they can be grown on all soils suitable for agricultural crops. The best soils are light loams rich in organic matter, common on the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Ridge, on the Moskvoretsko-Oka Plain and in the Zaoksky District. The best areas for garden strawberries are gentle slopes, without depressions and "saucers", providing a runoff of cold air and excess moisture in the spring. Protective forest belts are created around the plots or from the side of the prevailing winds, preventing snow from blowing off in winter and drying up the soil in summer. Soils with high acidity are limed 1-2 years before planting.