OAO Russian Railways Gorky Railway. Gorky railway. Start of construction of the Gorky railway

Gorky railway originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road, the first construction projects of which date back to the 30s of the 19th century. The Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was fully opened to traffic in August 1862. Within the current borders, the Gorky railway was formed in 1961 as a result of the merger of the Gorky and Kazan railways.

The Gorky railway runs mainly along territory Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir, Kirov regions, partially the republics of Mordovia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, as well as Ryazan, Perm, Sverdlovsk regions. The road is controlled from Nizhny Novgorod. The Gorky road connects the Central, Northwestern and Northern regions of Russia with the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia. The road serves 6 republics within the Russian Federation (Mordovia, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkortostan) and 8 regions (Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Perm, Ekatirenburg, Vologda, Ryazan). The road services are used by 205 administrative-territorial regions, where more than 14 million people live.

IN compound The Gorky railway includes 6 branches: Murom, Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), Kirov, Kazan, Izhevsk, Vladimir.

The highway has 432 stations, including 7 large marshalling stations.

Main hub stations railway: Vladimir, Novki, Kovrov, Gorky-Sorting, Kotelnich, Kirov, Lyangasovo, Murom, Arzamas, Krasny Uzel, Kanash, Sviyazhsk, Zelyony Dol, Yudino, Agryz.

General length roads - 5589.1 km - fall on two parallel latitudinal directions: Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kirov and Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg, interconnected by rockades. Both directions are electrified. The share of electric traction in transportation is 88%. The rest of the transportation is carried out by diesel locomotives.

The volume of freight traffic The Gorky railway exceeded the freight turnover of the combined railways of England, France, Italy, Holland, and Belgium. The Gorky railway ranks third in the Russian Federation in terms of freight turnover. The most massive cargo are: petroleum and chemical, mineral fertilizers, automobiles, building and timber materials. The road serves large industrial enterprises, such as the Gorky, Izhevsk and Pavlovsk automobile plants, large machine-building plants in Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Kazan, Izhevsk, Vladimir, chemical enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers in the cities of Dzerzhinsk and Kirov-Chepetsk, the Kstovsky oil refinery, enterprises of the metallurgical complex and for the procurement and processing of forest products, deposits of building materials, peat, as well as agricultural areas s for the production of grain, flax and areas of developed animal husbandry. In the total volume of cargo turnover, transit is 35%, import 25%, export 21% and local traffic 18%. Among the transit cargoes, coal, timber, ferrous metals, ore, oil cargoes, engineering products and grain cargoes have the largest share. Imports: coal, metals, building materials, certain types of petroleum products, light and food industry products. Export: timber, cars, oil cargo, engineering products. In local traffic, mainly construction cargo, peat, timber, and agricultural cargo are transported. Through the Gorky railway, trains from Moscow and St. Petersburg to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East follow in transit. Now the Gorky highway is going through a period, if not of recovery, then of financial recovery. Up to 80% of income is collected in cash.

Development prospects. The Gorky highway is one of the most technically equipped roads in the Russian Federation. A "Program for the development of telecommunications and informatization of the Gorky Railway for the period 2000-2005" has been developed, which defines the following priority areas for the development of telecommunications:

• construction and operation of a single backbone digital communication network of the Ministry of Railways based on fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL);
• modernization of operational-technological cable and radio communications based on FOCL and digital communication systems; introduction of digital exchanges;
• creation of informatization infrastructure;
• introduction of modern complexes of managing information technologies.

All activities carried out under the program are aimed at improving the quality and reliability of communications in order to improve traffic safety and the efficiency of the railway as a whole.

The implementation of the program will allow connecting all departments, railway junctions and main stations of the road with a digital network of operational and technological communications (466 OTS stations), organized over 4934 km of fiber-optic lines.

Large capital investments were made to improve the quality of repair and current maintenance of the track. As a result, the speed of trains on the Moscow-Nizhniy Novgorod section is currently 140 km per hour, and by 2004 will increase to 200 km/h. Investments should be aimed at providing railways with powerful equipment. Today, 12 licensed track machines operate at the GZD, machine complexes and resource-saving technologies are effectively used. The main task is to optimize costs without compromising traffic safety.
At a meeting dedicated to the Second International Transport Corridor (MTK-2), passing along the route "Berlin-Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow" with a total length of 1830 km, its extension to Nizhny Novgorod was approved. The meeting participants acknowledged that the Nizhny Novgorod region is ready to become the center of the state's transport policy and unite two great transport routes

continent: from West to East and from South to North. Western investors are ready to invest about 800 million dollars in the project.
GR has the necessary equipment, technologies and infrastructure for joint international transportation, and is ready to lead all work on the preparation and subsequent operation of the transport corridor within the Volga Federal District.
Over the past two years, the leadership of GR has implemented a number of large-scale projects related to the repair, reconstruction and modernization of the railway infrastructure. In Nizhny Novgorod, a regional dispatch center for transportation control was created, where today all dispatching and control processes are automated. Modern information and telecommunication technologies are put into operation.

Bibliography

1) Great Soviet Encyclopedia

2) Website of the Gorky Railway http://www.unn.runnet.ru/rus/volgovyt/nizhobl/traning/

3) RIA Novosti

4) Nizhny Novgorod Telegraph Agency

5) Information and publishing center "CONNECT!"

6) Internet Agency of the Ministry of Railways of Russia

The Gorky highway serves the Middle Volga and Cis-Urals. Connects the central and northwestern regions of Russia with the Urals, opening access to Siberia and the Far East. The Volga Federal District is mainly served, but several hundred kilometers of its lines pass through the neighboring Central and Ural Districts, there is one station in the North-West.

In total, the service area of ​​the Gorky railway includes 15 regions of Russia, among which 6 republics:

• The Republic of Mordovia;
• Chuvash Republic;
• Udmurt republic;
• Republic of Tatarstan;
• Mari El Republic;
• Republic of Bashkortostan.

AND 8 areas:

• Moscow;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Kirovskaya;
• Sverdlovsk;
• Vologda;
• Ryazan;
• Ulyanovsk;
• Perm region.

Nizhny Novgorod Region- 77 thousand sq. km. territory and 3.5 million inhabitants.

IN Nizhny Novgorod located the biggest railway station on the Gorky railway.

Near the center of the region is the leader of the road for loading (Zeletsino station).

Importantshipper region - OJSC "Vyksa Metallurgical Plant"- the world's largest manufacturer of wheels for rail transport.

At the station Nizhny Novgorod - Sorting up to 70 trains are formed.

Mari El Republic - 23 thousand sq. km. and 750 thousand inhabitants. Building materials, wood, glass, oil products are sent from the republic.

Chuvash Republic - 18 thousand sq. km. and 1.35 million inhabitants. Chemical, foundry, machine-building industries, car building and car repair receive products, raw materials by rail.

Kirov region- 120 thousand sq. km. and 1.5 million inhabitants. The railway station, which is located in the center of Kirov, is on the road in the top three in terms of the number of passengers sent. A large sorting station is Lyangasovo.

Udmurt republic- 42 thousand sq. km. and 1.6 million inhabitants. Many enterprises located in Izhevsk, Glazov, Sarapul daily send and receive dozens of wagons with cargo.

Vladimir region- the road lines pass through the center, southern and eastern parts of the region. The stations are located in the largest cities: Vladimir, Kovrov, Murom, Gus-Khrustalny. Enterprises of the construction industry, the glass industry and the machine-building industry receive their products by rail.

Republic of Tatarstan- 67.8 thousand sq. km. and 1.1 million inhabitants. Two large marshalling yards - Agryz and Yudino. GZD works with enterprises of the city of Zelenodolsk, with producers of agricultural products.

At present, the highway includes 5 regional centers:

• Murom;
• Gorky;
• Kirovsky;
• Kazan;
• Izhevsk.

Main highway routes- these are two parallel latitudinal directions, interconnected:

Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov;

Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg.

The main tracks of the road are equipped mainly with R-65 heavy rails.

A neutral section of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs along the GZD, hence its great transit importance. However, the area of ​​responsibility of the GZD is also the territory of a significant initial shipment of goods, including oil and products of its processing, products of chemical enterprises and enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers, enterprises of the metallurgical complex and mechanical engineering, enterprises for the procurement and processing of forest products, construction cargo.

Road services are used 205 administrative-territorial regions where he lives over 14 million people. Passing through the territories where the largest number of Russian million-plus cities is concentrated, GZD is one of the roads with the largest passenger traffic.

On the Gorky railway operates 373 stations. Higher 250 stations carry out cargo operations. Large marshalling yards of the Russian Railways network - Nizhny Novgorod-Sorting, Lyangasovo, Agryz, Yudino.

GZD- one of the most technically equipped roads in the Russian Federation. The share of electric traction in transportation is about 90 percent.

The operational length of the road is 5,331.4 km.

The total deployed length of the tracks is 11,873.2 km.

The developed length of access roads is 677.84 km.

The deployed length of station tracks is 3,129.98 km.

The total length of electrified tracks is 7,318.1 km.

74 cities stand on the lines of the State Railways, in close proximity to them or on the access roads leading to its stations.

The total length of the main railway lines is 7,959.4 km(this is comparable to the total length of the railway network in Hungary).

The area of ​​the territory served by the Gorky railway is 390,000 m2(this is larger than, for example, Japan, Germany or Finland).

GZD is a clear example of how the unique experience of the oldest representatives of the industry is skillfully complemented by new technologies and modern approaches to business process management.

Gorky- the only railway in the world that bears the writer's name. But it is also true that it is named after the railroad worker. After all, Maxim Gorky wrote his first published story "Makar Chudra" in the summer of 1892, while working in the workshops of the Transcaucasian Railways in Tiflis. By the way, one of the most beloved passenger branded trains - Burevestnik - also got its name in memory of the writer.

A new page in the history of the highway was opened by the project of high-speed traffic on the line Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow - St. Petersburg. Prior to the launch of the high-speed traffic project, the running time of trains ranged from 5 hours 20 minutes to 8 hours. Today it is 3 o'clock 35 min.

April 28, 2013 A high-speed electric train "Lastochka" was launched on the Gorky Highway, covering the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours.

June 1, 2015 A solemn event dedicated to the departure of the new Talgo 250 high-speed electric train under the brand name took place at the Kursk railway station in Moscow "Swift" on the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod. Train "Strizh" Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod is able to transport per flight over 400 passengers. The train includes carriages with seats for the 1st and 2nd classes, CB (VIP) carriages, a buffet carriage and a restaurant carriage. All cars are equipped with air conditioning systems and environmentally friendly toilet facilities. Travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.

August 3, 2014 on the first Sunday of August - the day when Russian railway workers traditionally celebrate their professional holiday - the Museum of the History and Development of the Gorky Railway was opened.

Main goals Gorky Railway - timely and high-quality provision, in cooperation with other organizations, of the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals in rail transportation, related works and services, the provision of services to users of the railway transport infrastructure.

Gorky road borders with railways:

• Moscow (st.Petushki and Cherusti);
• Sverdlovsk (st. Cheptsa, Druzhinino);
• Northern (st. Novki, Susolovka, Candle);
• Kuibyshevskaya (st. Krasny Knot, Tsilna, Alnashi).

History of the Gorky Railway

The Gorky railway line is one of the oldest roads, which originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway, which passed through the Moscow, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod provinces. In the Russian Empire, it became the seventh in a row.

The construction of the railway in this region was necessary. Since 1817, when the famous Makariev Fair was moved to Nizhny Novgorod, the city has become one of the most important and main trading centers in Russia. The railway line made it possible to more conveniently and quickly deliver goods to the Nizhny Novgorod fair, and also connected the Center of Russia with the Volga region and the eastern regions of the country, and supplied Moscow with products.

The first application for the construction of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was received by the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings from the State Councilor Vonlyarlyarovsky in 1847. The final construction project was approved in 1857. In the same year, the Main Society of Russian Railways was created in Russia, which was entrusted with the construction of 4 roads, including the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod one. The railway line passed through Moscow, Pokrov, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets, Nizhny Novgorod. The construction was divided into two sections: Moscow - Vladimir and Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod. The construction of the first began in the spring of 1858, and the second in the spring of 1859. The general management of the construction was transferred to French engineers, and the practical part was carried out by Russian specialists. Serfs and civilian workers were involved in the construction. The work was exhausting, the norms were unbearable, and besides, illiterate peasants were often deceived and cheated. They lived in dugouts, provided themselves with food and clothing. From the tools of labor were a pickaxe, a shovel, and a wheelbarrow.

Through train traffic between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod was opened on August 2 (15), 1862.

The first station of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway was located on the left, low bank of the Oka River, flooded by spring floods, in Kunavinskaya Sloboda. The Moscow highway passed near the line of this railway, and the Nizhny Novgorod fair was located not far from the station complex. To ensure the delivery of goods from the river piers, special connecting branches were arranged from the station.

The first locomotives and wagons were purchased abroad, however, the locomotives were built there according to Russian drawings. The first domestic railway workshops for the conversion of foreign carriages were built in Kovrov in 1861.

In January 1894, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was bought out to the treasury and, together with the Murom railway, became part of the Moscow-Kursk railway, where it was located until 1936.

In the early 90s of the 19th century, a project for the Moscow-Kazan railway line was being developed. In 1891, the Moscow-Kazan Railway Society was created, headed by the son of the famous railway magnate Nikolai Karlovich von Meck. The company receives concessions from the state for the construction of lines: Ryazan - Ruzaevka - Alatyr - Kazan; Zeleny Dol - Kazan; Timiryazevo - Nizhny Novgorod (through Lukoyanov and Arzamas); Moscow - Murom - Arzamas - Shikhrany (Kanash) - Kazan - Yekaterinburg (latitudinal line). The Moscow-Kursk Railway Company sent the final section of the latitudinal course from the Krasnaya Gorka (Yudino) station through Sarapul and Krasnoufimsk to Yekaterinburg. The line N.Novgorod - Kotelnich was supposed to bring the distant outskirts of the Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod provinces, which had huge forest reserves, closer to the center. To do this, it was necessary to build a bridge across the Volga, but its construction was postponed due to the fact that the First World War began.

Thus, in 1890 - 1917, 1877 km of lines were built in the regions of the future Gorky railway, which later became part of the main line. Although these lines have not yet formed into a single, convenient system oriented to Moscow and major Russian cities, trains have already arrived to Kazan and Vyatka. Thanks to this, the Volga region received a serious impetus to economic development. The large-scale construction of railway lines was interrupted by the turbulent historical events of the early twentieth century: the revolution, the Civil War. The decree of June 28, 1918 formalized the nationalization of private railways, and their management was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Communications.

The line Kotelnich - Nizhny Novgorod was commissioned in 1927. In summer, the connection between Nizhny Novgorod and this line was by ferry, and in winter, a railway line was laid on the ice. In 1935, a railway bridge was built across the Volga, the traffic on which opened in May.

In May 1936, Gorkovskaya and Kazanskaya were separated from the old railways with management in Gorky and Kazan. In 1941-1945. the railway worked in wartime conditions: evacuation of the population and enterprises to the rear areas, delivery of troops, ammunition and food to the front line, special formations of the NKPS, VEO.

After the war, the railway gradually returned to civilian life. In 1946, the construction of a semi-automatic blocking was resumed with the replacement of semaphores with traffic lights.

In 1954, among the locomotive brigades, the movement of "heavyweights" began, which contributed to a decrease in the cost of goods and an increase in the throughput of railways. The movement of passenger and freight trains on steam traction was carried out until 1962.

Since 1959, the electrification of sections of the Gorky railway began, which was completed in the northern direction by 1964, and in the southern direction by 1987. In May 1961, the Kazan Railway became part of the Gorky Railway. In 1968, a road information and computer center began to operate, and since 1997, the construction of a digital information and communication system using fiber optic technologies began.

In 2003, an open joint-stock company "Russian Railways" was formed, with the Gorky Railway becoming a branch of it.

On December 27, 2002, the movement of the Burevestnik fast train N. Novgorod - Moscow was opened. On July 30, 2010, the opening of the high-speed traffic Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow took place: the high-speed train "Sapsan" began to move. Since 2013, a project of intermodal passenger transportation from the Kazan railway station to the international airport has been implemented. Significant event of 2013-2014. was the preparation for the XXVII World Summer Student Universiade in Kazan and the XXII Winter Olympic Games, their transport support.

The road administration is located in Nizhny Novgorod. The road was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor ().

Gorky Order of the Red Banner of Labor Railway
Full title	Branch of Russian Railways - Gorky railway
Years of work	from May 9
A country	USSR USSR(until 1991), Russia Russia
Management city	Nizhny Novgorod
State	current
Subordination	OJSC "Russian Railways"
telegraph code	GOR (Also use "GRK")
Numeric code	24
Awards
length	5296 km (operational)
Website	gzd.rzd.ru
Media files at Wikimedia Commons

The road was formed in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 406 of May 6, 1961. The road included sections of the Gorky and Kazan railways, which in turn were formed from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow-Kazan, Vyatka-Dvinskaya railways.

The total length of the main railway lines is 7987 km. Total deployed track length - &&&&&&&&&&012066.400000 12,066.4 km.

Story

Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road

The first projects for the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod railway date back to the 30s of the 19th century. Russia was able to start building a network of railways, among which one of the first was Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, only at the end of the 1850s.

Construction was carried out on two sites. On the Moscow - Vladimir section, work began in the first half of May 1858. On the Vladimir-Nizhny Novgorod section, construction began only in the spring of 1859. The official opening of train traffic over 177 miles from Moscow to Vladimir took place in the summer of 1861. Construction work on the section Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod proceeded at a much slower pace. The construction of this part of the road was carried out for more than a year. The Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway was fully opened to traffic on August 1, 1862. After 30 years, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod line became double-track.

Current state

In 2009, two suburban companies were established: OAO Volga-Vyatka Passenger Company (together with the Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov regions) and OAO Sodruzhestvo (together with the republics of Tatarstan and Udmurtia).

In the competition "Innovation of the Region-2009", held by the government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, in the nomination "Transport and Logistics", the GZD became the winner, having come up with a project for organizing high-speed traffic on the Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow route. In 2009, the number of tickets sold via the Internet reached 405,000.

The most popular trains are Vyatka (Kirov - Moscow), Volga (Nizhny Novgorod - St. Petersburg), Nizhny Novgorod - Adler, Chuvashia (Cheboksary - Moscow) and Burevestnik (Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow, since June 2014 replaced by Lastochka trains).

high speed traffic

The Gorky Railway plans to compete with air transport carrying passengers on the Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow route.

On April 28, 2013, a high-speed electric train Lastochka was launched on the Gorky Highway, covering the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours. From June 1, 2015, Talgo 250 electric trains under the brand name Strizh began to run on this route instead of Sapsan, their travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.

prospects

To increase the throughput, the possibility of organizing heavy traffic is being considered. In the summer of 2012, a train weighing 16 thousand tons was sent from Lyangasovo to Sharya (SZD). A similar heavyweight was already held in December 2011. Two VL80 locomotives took the train to Cherepovets, where it was divided into two trains.

Activity

In 2007, the railway loaded 112,441 containers (of which 30,980 were large-tonnage). Loading into containers amounted to 907.6 thousand tons of cargo (of which 621.3 thousand tons were large-tonnage).

In 2009, the loading volume amounted to 36 million 936.7 thousand tons, 59 million 734.0 thousand passengers were sent (52 million 735.5 thousand in suburban traffic), passenger turnover amounted to 12 billion 433.7 million pass-km. During the year, 2951 trains weighing more than 6500 tons were carried.

Transfers to regional, local budgets and off-budget funds in 2009 amounted to 7.645 billion rubles. In 2008-2009, the State Railways donated funds for the restoration of the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Gorevo, Nizhny Novgorod Region.

road structure

Infrastructure

Management

In 1863-1868, the head of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road was Ivan König, from 1868 to 1893 - Ivan Rerberg. The first head of the Gorky Railway in 1936 was Arseny Fedotovich Badashev, who was repressed a year later. In total, six chiefs changed on the Gorky road in the first five years.

Road chiefs Chief Engineers

• - Loginov Mikhail Vasilievich
• - Ryabkov Alexander Nikolaevich
• - Ishchenko Andrey Yurievich

Notes

1. History of the road Archived January 11, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, gzd.rzd.ru
2. Gorky railway// Great Encyclopedia of Transport: In 8 volumes / Ch. ed. N. S. Konarev .. - 2nd ed. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2003. - T. 4 (Railway transport). - S. 95-97. - 15,000 copies. -