Easter Island: Mysterious Rapa Nui. The name of Easter Island. Where is Easter Island located: coordinates

This question is of interest to many. This place is exotic and shrouded in a whole heap of legends and beliefs. However, getting there will be very difficult.

Where is Easter Island located: coordinates

A small piece of land, annexed by Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century, is located 3600 km from the South American continent. The nearest island group is 2075 km to the east. It is not difficult to guess that of all the inhabited places on Earth, Easter Island is one of the most remote. The area of ​​this unique monument of Rapani culture is 163.6 km2. It is a small size and a very distant location from mainland caused questions about where the Easter Islands are located. By the way, this combination is absolutely incorrect, since there is only one island in that region, and it is hardly correct to consider small patches of rocky shoals as islands. It is all the more surprising that such a lost one far in the waters sheltered on his small lands the amazing nation of Rapa Nui, which, presumably, erected amazing stone sculptures.

Historical reference

Of course, it is not enough to know where Easter Island is located. Its history is no less interesting than the location.

The island arose as standard for numerous archipelagos and atolls of the planet's largest ocean: thanks to a volcanic eruption. Constant eruptions and violent winds have made the coast difficult for ships to moor: there are only two places where you can set foot on the coast from the liner without first breaking into the rocks.

The first colonists reached this lost piece of land 1300 years ago. They spotted large palm groves, which were immediately put to use for the construction of dwellings and boats. Later, a small civilization had a hard time: the constant attacks of Peruvian pirates decreased every year. In addition, Catholic preachers destroyed the artifacts of the people from Easter Island, which caused irreparable damage to the unique culture of Rapa Nui. Currently, the remains of ancient structures are under the protection of UNESCO.

Moai stone statues

How Rapa Nui created the famous stone statues is still not known. They are blocks, the weight of which is up to 14 tons, and the height can reach 4 meters. It is curious that idols can be found everywhere: in places where Easter Island meets the ocean, or in the depths, near mountains and volcanoes. In other words, the cult of Moai was of great importance for the population of the era of the construction of stone idols. Presumably, they were built in order to mark the death of a tribesman: more statue, the more honor to the deceased. However, the question arises: "How did the stone blocks move from one point of the island to another?"

The answer to it will most likely be impossible to find. However, the unfinished prototypes of future statues found suggest that the idols were first hollowed out of stone, and then transported on logs or cables from one part of the island to another.

How to get there?

It would seem that knowing where Easter Island is located, it would not be a problem to reach its shores. Unfortunately, it is not. You can try your luck and board one of the liners that set off from the shores of Australia or South America, heading to conquer the expanses of Oceania, especially since the first inhabitants reached the island on dilapidated boats. However, the most adequate option is to fly by plane.

But not everything is so simple with a flying unit: you can fly to a coveted place only from Chile and Tahiti. For the inhabitants of Russia, even Australia is very far away, but this is only a transit point on the way. All in all, flight to the shores famous island will take several days, and will also eat a fair portion of finance. It is also worth remembering that there is only one city on the island, so visiting the UNESCO monuments is the only joy available to tourists.

When to visit?

Despite the remoteness of the place where Easter Island is located, this is a fairly popular tourist region, which has its own periods of influx and decline in the activity of visitors. Given the fact that this piece of land is located near the equator, it is impossible to meet snowdrifts here at any time of the year. However, the high season starts in summer: from January to March. This is followed by a decrease in the tourist flow, although the temperature conditions are still not very severe: about 17 degrees in the coldest months. Thus, if you want to enjoy the beauty of Easter Island without the noisy crowds, it is better to come between April and November.

Easter Island is a unique place. Here you can admire the volcano, visible even from space, unique stone statues. In addition, the population of the island can tell travelers a lot, as local legends have been passed down from generation to generation. So now we know where the Easter Islands are, and what they, or rather he, are.

Photographer Gerhard Bachmayer

Easter Island is an island in the South Pacific Ocean, a territory of Chile. The local name of the island is Rapa Nui (rap. Rapa Nui). Area - 163.6 km². Coordinates - 27°07′ S sh. 109°21′ W / 27.116667°S sh. 109.35°W d. (G) -27.116667, -109.35.

Easter Island. Rapa Nui National Park

Easter Island, along with the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, is the most remote inhabited island in the world. The distance to the continental coast of Chile is 3703 km, to Pitcairn Island, the nearest inhabited place, is 1819 km. The island was discovered by the Dutch traveler Jacob Roggeveen on Easter Sunday 1722.

The capital of the island and its only city is Hanga Roa. In total, 3.7 thousand live on the island (2005).

Rapa Nui is largely known for its moai, or stone statues made from compressed volcanic ash, which are believed to local residents, contains the supernatural power of the ancestors of the first king of Easter Island - Hotu-Matu'a. In 1888, annexed by Chile. In 1995, the Rapa Nui National Park became the object of world heritage UNESCO.

The island has the shape of a right triangle, the hypotenuse of which is the southeast coast. The sides of this "triangle" have lengths of 16, 18 and 24 km. At the corners of the island rise extinct volcanoes: Rano Kao (rap. Rano Kao) (324 m) near the settlement of Mataveri; Pua Katiki (rap. Puakatike) (377 m) and Terevaka (rap. Terevaka) (539 m - highest point islands).

The highest crater of the Terevaka volcano is called Rano Aroi (rap. Rano Aroi) (about 200 m). Actually "Rano-Aroi" is the name of the lake that fills the extinct crater.

Another Terevaka crater - Rano Raraku (rap. Rano Raraku) (160 m) is also a lake with a large reserve fresh water surrounded by reed beds. The diameter of this crater is about 650 m.

The diameter of the Rano Kao crater is about 1500 m, the depth is 800 m. The volcano has a symmetrical shape and is surrounded hilly terrain. The southern slope breaks off at.

Vegetation is more abundant on the inner slopes of volcanoes. This is due to more fertile soil, lack of strong wind and the "greenhouse effect".

Easter Island volcanic origin. The soil was formed as a result of erosion of the slopes of volcanoes. The most fertile soil is located in the north of the island, where locals grow yam, or sweet potatoes, and yams. The most common rocks on the island are basalt, obsidian, rhyolite, and trachyte. Sheer cliffs in La Perouse Bay (locally called Hanga Hoonu) are made up of red lava

The climate of Easter Island is warm, subtropical. The average annual temperature is 21.8 °C, the most cold month- August (19.2 ° C), the warmest - January (24.6 ° C). The island lies near the southern border of the zone of southeasterly winds blowing in summer. In winter, the northwest prevails, but there are also southwest and southeast winds. Despite the proximity to the tropics, the climate on the island is relatively temperate. Heat is rare. This is due to the proximity of the cold Humboldt Current and the absence of any land between the island and Antarctica. Winds from the Antarctic in July-August often reduce the daytime air temperature to 20° Celsius.

The main source of fresh water on the island is lakes formed in the craters of local volcanoes. There are no rivers on Rapa Nui, and rainwater easily seeps through the soil, resulting in groundwater flowing towards the ocean. Since there is not much water on the island, local residents in the past built wells and small reservoirs everywhere.

Moai - stone statues on the coast of Easter Island in the form of a human head up to 20 meters high. Contrary to popular belief, they "look" not towards the ocean, but into the depths of the island. Some moai have "caps" made of red stone. Moai were made in quarries in the center of the island. How they were delivered to the coast is unknown. According to legend, they "walked" themselves. IN Lately volunteer enthusiasts have found several ways to transport stone blocks. But what exactly the ancient inhabitants used (or some of their own) has not yet been determined. Many unfinished idols are in the quarries. A detailed study of the island gives the impression of a sudden cessation of work on the statues.

Rano Raraku is one of the most interesting places for tourists. At the foot of this volcano there are about 300 moai, of various heights and at different stages of readiness. Not far from the bay is ahu Tongariki, the largest ritual site with 15 statues of various sizes installed on it.

On the shore of Anakena Bay is one of the most beautiful beaches islands with crystal white coral sand. Swimming is allowed in the bay. Picnics are organized for tourists in palm groves. Also, not far from the Anakena Bay, there are ahu Ature-Khuki and ahu Naunau. According to ancient Rapanui legend, it was in this bay that Hotu-Matu'a, the first king of Rapa Nui, landed with the first settlers of the island.

Te-Pito-te-henua (rap. Navel of the Earth) - a ceremonial platform on the island of round stones. Quite a controversial place on Rapa Nui. Anthropologist Christian Walter claims that Te Pito-te-henua was established in the 1960s to attract gullible tourists to the island.

There is an observation deck on Rano Khao volcano. Nearby is the Orongo ceremonial site.

Puna Pau is a small volcano near Rano Khao. In the distant past, a red stone was mined here, from which “headdresses” were made for local moai.

The flora of the island is very poor: experts count no more than 30 species of plants growing on Rapa Nui. Most of them were brought from other islands of Oceania, America, Europe. Many plants that were previously widespread on Rapa Nui have been exterminated. Between the 9th and 17th centuries, there was an active felling of trees, which led to the disappearance of forests on the island (probably before that, palm trees of the Paschalococos disperta species grew on it). Another reason was the eating of tree seeds by rats. Due to unsustainable human activities and other factors, the resulting accelerated soil erosion caused enormous damage to agriculture, resulting in a significant reduction in the population of Rapa Nui.

One of the extinct plants is Sophora toromiro, whose local name is toromiro (rap. toromiro). This plant on the island in the past played an important role in the culture of the Rapanui people: it was used to make "talking tablets" with local pictograms.

The trunk of a toromiro, with a diameter of a human thigh and thinner, was often used in the construction of houses; spears were also made from it. In the 19th-20th centuries, this tree was exterminated (one of the reasons was that the young growth was destroyed by sheep brought to the island).

Another plant on the island is the mulberry tree, whose local name is mahute (rap. mahute). In the past, this plant also played a significant role in the life of the islanders: white clothes, called mahute, were made from silkworm cocoons, which were worn by women (similar to the Polynesian tapa). After the appearance of the first Europeans on the island - whalers and missionaries - the importance of mahute in the life of the Rapanui people decreased.

The roots of the ti plant (rap. ti), or Dracaena terminalis, were used to make sugar. Also, this plant was used to make a powder of dark blue and green, which was then applied to the body as tattoos.

Makoi (rap. makoi) (Thespesia populnea) was used for carving.

One of the surviving plants of the island, which grows on the slopes of the Rano Kao and Rano Raraku craters, is Scirpus californicus, used in the construction of houses.

In recent decades, a small growth of eucalyptus has begun to appear on the island. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, grapes, banana, melon, sugar cane were brought to the island.

Before the Europeans arrived on the island, the fauna of Easter Island was mainly represented by marine animals: seals, turtles, crabs. Until the 19th century, chickens were bred on the island. The species of local fauna that previously inhabited Rapa Nui have become extinct. For example, the species of rat Rattus exulans, which in the past was used by the locals for food. Instead, rats of the species Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus were brought to the island by European ships, which became carriers of various diseases previously unknown to the Rapanui.

Now 25 species of sea birds nest on the island and 6 species of land birds live.

Easter Island is the most remote inhabited piece of land in the world. Its area is only 165.6 square kilometers. Belongs to the island of Chile. But to the nearest mainland city of this country, Valparaiso, 3703 kilometers. And there are no other islands nearby, in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The nearest inhabited land is located at 1819 kilometers. This is Pitcairn Island. It is known for the fact that the rebellious crew of the Bounty ship wished to stay on it. Lost in the vastness of Easter keeps many secrets. First, it is not clear where the first people came from. They could not explain anything to the Europeans about this. But the most mysterious riddles Easter Islands are its stone idols. They are installed along the entire coastline. The natives called them moai, but they could not clearly explain who they were. In this article, we have tried to summarize the results of all recent scientific discoveries in order to unravel the mysteries that have enveloped the most remote land area from civilization.

History of Easter Island

On April 5, 1722, the sailors of a squadron of three ships under the command Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeven saw land on the horizon that had not yet been marked on the map. When they approached the east coast of the island, they saw that it was inhabited. Natives sailed to them, and their ethnic composition hit the Dutch. Among them were Caucasians, Negroids and representatives of the Polynesian race. The Dutch were immediately struck by the primitive technical equipment of the islanders. Their boats were riveted from bits of wood and so let the water through that half of the people in the canoe bailed it out, while the rest rowed. The landscape of the island was more than bleak. Not a single tree towered on it - only rare bushes. Roggeven wrote in his diary: "The desolated appearance of the island and the exhaustion of the natives suggest the barrenness of the land and extreme poverty." But most of all, the captain was shocked by the stone idols. How, with such a primitive civilization and scarce resources, did the natives have the strength to carve out of stone and deliver so many heavy statues to the shore? The captain had no answer to that question. Since the island was discovered on the day of the Resurrection of Christ, it received the name Easter. But the natives themselves called it Rapa Nui.

Where did the first inhabitants of Easter Island come from?

This is the first riddle. Now more than five thousand people live on the island with a length of 24 kilometers. But when the first Europeans landed on the shore, there were much fewer natives. And in 1774, the navigator Cook counted only seven hundred islanders on the island, emaciated from hunger. But at the same time, among the natives there were representatives of all three human races. Many theories have been put forward about the origin of the population of Rapa Nui: Egyptian, Mesoamerican and even completely mythical, that the islanders are survivors of the collapse of Atlantis. But modern DNA analysis shows that the first Rapanui landed around the year 400 and most likely came from East Polynesia. This is evidenced by their language, which is close to the dialects of the inhabitants of the Marquesas and Hawaiian Islands.

The rise and fall of civilization

The first thing that caught the eye of the discoverers were the stone idols of Easter Island. But the earliest sculpture dates back to 1250, and the latest (unfinished, left in the quarry) - to 1500. It is unclear how the civilization of the natives developed from the fifth to the thirteenth centuries. Perhaps, at a certain stage, the islanders moved from a tribal society to clan military unions. Legends (very contradictory and fragmentary) tell of the leader Hotu Matu'a, who was the first to set foot on Rapa Nui and brought all the inhabitants with him. He had six sons who divided the island after his death. Thus, the clans began to have their ancestor, whose statue they tried to make larger, more massive and more representative than that of the neighboring tribe. But what caused the Rapa Nui people to stop carving and erecting their monuments in the early sixteenth century? This has only been discovered by modern research. And this story can be instructive for all mankind.

Ecological catastrophe on a small scale

Let's leave aside the idols of Easter Island for now. They were carved by the distant ancestors of those wild natives who were caught by the expeditions of Roggeven and Cook. But what influenced the decline of the once rich civilization? After all, the ancient Rapa Nuans even had a written language. By the way, the texts of the found tablets have not yet been deciphered. Scientists have only recently given an answer to what happened to this civilization. Her death was not quick due to a volcanic eruption, as Cook assumed. She agonized for centuries. Modern studies of the soil layers have shown that the island was once covered with lush vegetation. The forests abounded with game. The ancient Rapa Nui were engaged in agriculture, growing yams, taro, sugarcane, sweet potatoes and bananas. They went out to sea in good boats made from the hollowed out trunk of a palm tree and hunted dolphins. The fact that the ancient islanders ate well is indicated by DNA analysis of food found on pottery shards. And this idyll was destroyed by the people themselves. Forests were gradually cut down. The islanders were left without their fleet, and consequently, without the meat of ocean fish and dolphins. They have already eaten all the animals and birds. The only food of the Rapa Nui people was crabs and shellfish, which they collected in shallow water.

Easter Island: moai statues

The natives could not really say anything about how they were made and, most importantly, how stone idols weighing several tons were brought to the shore. They called them "moai" and believed that they contained "mana" - the spirit of the ancestors of a certain clan. The more idols, the stronger the concentration of supernatural power. And this leads to the prosperity of the clan. So when the French removed one of Easter Island's moai statues in 1875 to take it to a Paris museum, the Rapa Nui had to be held back with guns. But, as studies have shown, about 55% of all idols were not transported to special platforms - "ahu", but remained standing (many in the primary processing stage) in a quarry on the slope of the Rano Raraku volcano.

Art style

In total, there are more than 900 sculptures on the island. They are classified by scholars chronologically and by style. The early period is characterized stone heads without a torso, with a face turned upwards, as well as pillars, where the torso is made in a very stylized way. But there are exceptions. So, a very realistic figure of a kneeling moai was found. But she remained standing in the ancient quarry. In the Middle Age, the idols of Easter Island became giants. Most likely, the clans competed with each other, trying to show that their mana is more powerful. Artistic decoration in the Middle period is more sophisticated. The bodies of the idols are covered with carvings depicting clothes and wings, and huge cylindrical hats of red tuff are often hoisted on the head of the moai.

Transportation

No less a mystery than the idols of Easter Island remained the secret of their transfer to the "ahu" platforms. The natives claimed that the moai themselves came there. The truth turned out to be more prosaic. In the lowest (more ancient) soil layers, scientists have found the remains of an endemic tree that is related to the wine palm. It grew up to 26 meters, and its smooth trunks without branches reached a diameter of 1.8 m. The tree served as an excellent material for rolling sculptures from the quarries to the shore, where they were installed on platforms. To erect idols, ropes were used, which were woven from the bast of the hauha tree. The environmental catastrophe also explains the fact why more than half of the sculptures are “stuck” in quarries.

Short-eared and long-eared

Modern residents of Rapa Nui no longer have religious reverence for moai, but consider them their cultural heritage. In the mid-50s of the last century, the researcher uncovered the secret of who created the idols of Easter Island. He noticed that Rapa Nui is inhabited by two types of tribes. In one, the earlobes were lengthened from childhood by wearing heavy jewelry. The leader of this clan, Pedro Atana, told Thor Heirdal that in their family, the ancestors passed on to their descendants the art of creating the status of moai and transporting them by drag to the installation site. This craft was kept secret from the "short-eared" and was passed down orally. At the request of Heyerdahl, Athan, with numerous assistants from his clan, carved a 12-ton statue into a quarry and delivered it upright to the platform.

Easter Island(Spanish) Isla de Pascua, in Rapa Nui Rapa Nui) is the most remote inhabited island in the world, the distance to the nearest inhabited place is Pitcairn Islands- 1819 km and to the continental coast Chile- 3703 km.

Name of Easter Island

Easter Island named so by its discoverer - a Dutch traveler Jacob Roggeveen, since it was discovered on Easter Day in 1722. This island is also known as Rapa Nui, (big Rapa), as the island was called by Polynesian (Tahitian) sailors and whalers, as opposed to simply Brine- islands 650 km south of Tahiti.

Location of Easter Island

Easter Island is located in pacific ocean (27 ° 07 "S 109 ° 21" W), geographically it belongs to Polynesia, this is the easternmost point of the "Polynesian Triangle". The nearest continent, South America, is located more than 3,700 km to the east from Easter Island.

form Easter Island resembles a right triangle. Island of volcanic origin. Extinct volcanoes rise in the corners of the island: early kao(324 m), Pua Katiki(377 m) and Terevaka(539 m, the highest point of the island). The length from west to east is 24 km, from north to south - 12 km. The area of ​​the island is 163.6 km2.

Administratively Easter Island part of the Chilean region Valparaiso, headed by a governor accredited to the Chilean government and appointed by the president Chile.

Capital easter islands, the only permanent settlement, Hanga Roa located in the southwest of the island. There is an airport near the city Mataveri.

Airport Mataveri built in 1962 by specialists from the American NASA: V pacific ocean urgently needed a space launch tracking base and a reliable runway to rescue astronauts during emergency landings.

Climate of Easter Island

Climate easter islands subtropical. The average annual temperature is 21.8 °C, the coldest month is August (19.2 °C), the warmest is January (24.6 °C). Despite being close to the tropics, temperatures are comparatively mild. Heat is rare. This is due to the proximity of the cold Humboldt Current.

History of Easter Island

Easter Island known primarily for its numerous stone statues - moai, created ancient civilization islands.

About even the approximate date of settlement easter islands there are still heated debates in the scientific community. It is assumed that the first settlers appeared here from the 300-400s to the 1200s. n. e. According to local legends, the settlers arrived on the island on two huge pirogues with large families. The settlements were founded by the legendary leader and father of all Rapanui Hotu Matu'a.

Who the first Rapanui were and where they came from is also a moot point. Linguistically, the Rapanui language is confidently attributed to the Polynesian group, most researchers consider the Rapanui to come from Eastern Polynesia, ethnically close to the people Maori(New Zealand). It is also interesting that on Easter Island, the only one in the distribution area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Polynesian languages, there was a written language before the arrival of Europeans. There were at least three writing systems, the best known of which is rongo-rongo- hieroglyphic carving on wooden boards. None of the scripts has been deciphered to date, the last carrier of rongo-rongo was forcibly taken to Peru to slave labor in 1863.

Famous traveler and explorer Thor Heyerdahl defended the opposite, South American, Peruvian origin of the Rapanui and gave a lot of evidence of the origin of the inhabitants easter islands from South American Indians.

There is also a third, less popular theory about the origin of the Rapanui from the Melanesians, finding cultural parallels on Solomon Islands And New Guinea.

Recorded on Easter Island the legend of the war of two island tribes - long-eared (hanau-eepe) And short-eared (hanau-momoko) is considered by some researchers to be confirmation of the simultaneous presence of different races on the island, most often Peruvians and Polynesians.

The highest cultural flourishing civilization easter islands reached in the XVI-XVII centuries, when the population was supposedly about 10 thousand people.

As a result of an anthropogenic ecological catastrophe (all the forests on the island were cut down, the population was deprived of food sources and material for making boats) and a series of wars, the population had decreased to 2 thousand people by the time the first Europeans appeared on the island. Subsequently, almost all Rapanui were taken to Peru for slave labor. In 1888, when Easter Island annexed Chile only 178 local residents lived on the island. Currently on Easter Island 3.7 thousand people live, about 60% of which are indigenous Rapanui.

The ancient Rapanui were not only extremely warlike, they were engaged in cannibalism - they ate human meat. Fingers and toes were considered a delicacy.

Almost the only documented Rapa Nui rite was the competition to find the first egg, reflected in the popular adventure feature film. Kevin Costner "Rapa Nui": young warriors of different clans on a certain day went swimming on reed bundles to a nearby rocky islet Motu Nui, where they searched for the first egg of the season of the sooty tern. The whole egg must be delivered back to Easter Island and hand over to the leader. The rite was an element of the cult Tangata-manu(bird-man). The Rapanui are sometimes referred to as "bird worshipers". One of the most frequent themes in petroglyphs (rock carvings), after the male and female genital organs, were birds and, especially, the frigate bird, both in the direct image and in the image of a man with the head of a frigate.

Attractions Easter Island

Moai, ahu, pukao

The main attraction of the island - stone idols - moai(literally from Rapanui - images). As soon as they are not called: statues, and giants, and idols, and colossi. Representatives of our company during the study tour proposed a new term, vividly picked up by domestic tourists - " doldons".

Overwhelming majority " doldons"carved out of the rock of the volcano Rano Raraku. The largest (unfinished) statue measured about 20 m and weighed 270 tons. Moai "doldons" were delivered in a completely incomprehensible way to the coast, where they were installed with their backs to the ocean, facing inland. A total of 997 moai are recorded on the island ( see map about. Easter above).

It is known that moai were considered receptacles of a special magical power - mana ancestors of the Rapanui.

Outwardly, moai are strikingly different from each other, there are several types of statues. Various hypotheses explain the variety of styles either by a gradual change of "fashion" for pictorial means, or by the actual depiction of different island races with their external differences (of course, assuming that ethnically different peoples existed on the island).

Ways to transport giant statues are being discussed by numerous groups of enthusiasts around the world, mathematical calculations and experiments are being carried out, but local legend says that "the moai walked by themselves."

Almost all "doldons" have reached the new time in a fallen form. It is believed that the massive overthrow of the moai took place during inter-clan wars on the island. Currently, many statues are set back to their rightful places.

Moai were installed on a pedestal ( ahu), and sometimes supplemented with a cap ( pukao) from red tufa. It is considered proven that at least some "doldons" had eyes made of white coral. Some of the idols have now reconstructed eyes.

On the slopes Rano Raraku currently there are many unfinished statues at various stages of production. There is a complete impression of the sudden cessation of moai production.

Rano Raraku

Rano Raraku - ancient volcano, on the slopes of which there are about 300 moai, of various heights and at different stages of readiness. Not far from the bay is ahu tongariki, the largest ritual site with 15 statues of various sizes installed on it.

Anakena

Anakena- a bay with a beach of coral sand. According to legend, it was here that the leader and forefather of the Rapanui people landed. Hotu Matu'a. Nearby are ahu Ature-Hooks And Naunau.

puna pau

puna pau- a small volcano where red tuff was mined for the manufacture of pukao hats crowning moai heads.

early kao

early kao- a volcano with the best observation deck of the island. Nearby is ahu Orongo.