Titanic everything we know about it. "Comet tail" at the bottom. Great Britain ocean monster

April 9, 1912. "Titanic" in the port of Southampton the day before sailing for America.

April 14 marks the 105th anniversary of legendary disaster. The Titanic is a British steamer of the White Star Line, the second of three Olympic-class twin steamships. The largest passenger liner in the world at the time of its construction. During the first voyage on April 14, 1912, she collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes.

There were 1,316 passengers and 908 crew members on board, for a total of 2,224 people. Of these, 711 people were saved, 1513 died.

Here is how the Ogonyok magazine and the New Illustration magazine talked about this tragedy:

Dining room on the Titanic, 1912

Room for second class passengers aboard the Titanic, 1912.

The main staircase of the Titanic, 1912.

Passengers on the deck of the Titanic. April, 1912

The Titanic orchestra had two members. The quintet was led by the 33-year-old British violinist Wallace Hartley, it included another violinist, double bass player and two cellists. An additional trio of musicians from a Belgian violinist, a French cellist and a pianist were hired for Titanic to give Caf? Parisien continental touch. The trio also played in the lobby of the ship's restaurant. Many passengers considered the Titanic's ship's orchestra to be the best they had ever heard on a ship. Usually, the two members of the Titanic orchestra worked independently of each other - in different parts of the liner and in different time, but on the night of the sinking of the ship, all eight musicians played together for the first time. They played the best and most cheerful music until the last minutes of the liner's life. In the photo: Musicians of the ship's orchestra "Titanic".

Hartley's body was found two weeks after the sinking of the Titanic and sent to England. A violin was tied to his chest - a gift from the bride.
There were no survivors among the other members of the orchestra ... One of the rescued passengers of the Titanic will write later: “Many heroic deeds were committed that night, but none of them could compare with the feat of these few musicians who played hour after hour, although the ship sank deeper and deeper, and the sea crept up to the place where they stood. The music they performed gave them the right to be included in the list of heroes of eternal glory. In the photo: The funeral of the conductor and violinist of the ship's orchestra "Titanic" Wallace Hartley. April 1912.

The iceberg that the Titanic is believed to have collided with. The photo was taken from the Mackay Bennett, a cable ship operated by Captain DeCarteret. The ship "Mackay Bennett" was one of the first to arrive at the site of the Titanic disaster. According to Captain DeCarteret, it was the only iceberg near the crash site of the ocean liner.

Lifeboat "Titanic", filmed by one of the passengers of the ship "Carpathia". April, 1912

The rescue ship Carpathia picked up 712 survivors of the Titanic. A photo taken by Carpathia passenger Louis M. Ogden shows lifeboats approaching the Carpathia.

April 22, 1912. Brothers Michel (4 years old) and Edmond (2 years old). They were considered "orphans of the Titanic" until their mother was found in France. My father died in a plane crash.

Michel died in 2001, the last male survivor on the Titanic.

A group of rescued Titanic passengers aboard the Carpathia.

Another group of rescued passengers of the Titanic.

Captain Edward John Smith (second from right) with the ship's crew.

Drawing of the sinking Titanic after the disaster.

Passenger ticket for the Titanic. April 1912.

105 years ago, April 15, 1912, "unsinkable ship", "the largest and most luxurious ocean liner"on his very first flight, he crashed into an iceberg and took with him to the bottom of the ocean more than one and a half thousand passengers. It would seem that for many decades there were no secrets and secrets about this terrible disaster. And yet let's remember how it was.

Captain Edward Smith aboard the Titanic. Photo: New York Times

First official version

Two government investigations that were carried out in the wake of the disaster, decided that it was the iceberg, and not the defects of the ship, that caused the death of the liner. Both commissions of inquiry concluded that the Titanic sank not in parts, but in its entirety - there were no major faults.

The blame for this tragedy was completely shifted to the shoulders of the ship's captain, Edward Smith, who died along with his crew and passengers of the Atlantic liner. Experts reproached Smith for the fact that the ship was moving at a speed of 22 knots (41 km) through a dangerous ice field - in dark waters, not far from the coast of Newfoundland.

Discovery of Robert Ballard

In 1985, oceanographer Robert Ballard, after a long unsuccessful search, still managed to find the remains of the ship at a depth of about four kilometers at the bottom of the ocean. Then he discovered that in fact the Titanic had split in half before sinking.

A couple of years later, the wreckage of the ship was first raised to the surface and a new hypothesis immediately appeared - for the construction " unsinkable ship"used low-grade steel. However, according to experts, it was not steel at all that was low-grade, but rivets - the most important metal pins that bind together the steel plates of the hull of the liner. And the fragments of the Titanic found at all indicate that the ship's stern did not rise high into the air, as It is believed that the "Titanic" was divided into parts, being relatively even on the surface of the ocean - this is a clear sign of miscalculations in the design of the ship, which were hidden after the disaster.

Design miscalculations

"Titanic" was built in a short time - in response to the production of a new generation of high-speed liners by competitors.

The Titanic could keep afloat even if 4 of its 16 watertight compartments were flooded - amazing for a ship of such gigantic size.

However, on the night of April 14-15, 1912, in just a few days of the debut flight of the liner, its Achilles heel was opened. The ship, due to its size, was not nimble enough to be able to avoid the iceberg that the sentinels were screaming about at the last minute. The Titanic did not collide with the fatal iceberg head-on, but drove over it on its right side - the ice punched holes in the steel plates, flooding six "watertight" compartments. And after a couple of hours the ship was completely filled with water and sank.

According to experts studying the Titanic's potential weak spot, the rivets, they found that due to the fact that time was running out, builders began to use low-grade material. When the liner hit the iceberg, the weak steel rods in the ship's bow could not stand it and cracked. It is believed that it is not by chance that the water, having flooded six compartments fastened with low-grade steel rods, stopped exactly where the high-grade steel rivets began.

In 2005, another expedition studying the crash site, using the wreckage of the bottom, managed to establish that during the crash the ship tilted only about 11 degrees, and not at all 45, as was long thought.

Memories of Passengers

Due to the fact that the ship listed quite a bit, the passengers and crew had a false sense of security - many of them did not understand the seriousness of the situation. When the water flooded the bow of the hull sufficiently, the ship, remaining afloat, broke in two and sank in minutes.

Charlie Jugin, the Titanic's chef, was standing close to the stern at the time of the ship's wreck and noticed no sign of the hull breaking. neither did he notice the suction funnel or the colossal splash. According to his information, he calmly sailed away from the ship, without even getting his hair wet.

However, some passengers in the lifeboats claimed to have seen the Titanic's stern high in the air. However, this could only be optical illusion. With an 11-degree tilt, propellers sticking out in the air, the 20-story building Titanic seemed even higher, and its roll into the water even more.

How the Titanic sank: a real-time model

In New York, they sold the menu of the last dinner on wrecked in 1912 on the Titanic. They got 88 thousand dollars (about 1.9 million hryvnias) for it.

The company "Blue Star Line" announced the construction of "Titanic-2". According to the designers, the ship will be an exact copy of the famous liner that sank in 1912. However, the liner will be equipped with modern security features. Australian mining magnate Clive Palmer came to finance the project.

Now this 105-year-old cracker is considered the most expensive in the world.

It turns out that a Spillers and Bakers cracker called "Pilot" was included in the survival kit that was placed on every lifeboat. Later, one of these products went to a man who kept it as a souvenir. It was James Fenwick, a passenger on the Carpathia, which was raising shipwrecked survivors.

REFERENCE

On the night of April 15, 1912, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank. He sailed in the Atlantic Ocean on his way from Southampton (England) to New York. Then about 1.5 thousand people died, mostly third-class passengers. In total, it was more than 2.2 thousand people.

Many have seen a film about the catastrophe of the largest liner in the history of mankind, the Titanic. They know, for example, in which ocean the Titanic sank, and also that the cause of its death was a collision with an iceberg, but, unfortunately, not everyone is well aware of the history of this disaster, as well as the true causes of the shipwreck.

This ship was indeed a marvel of the time, built by the English company White StarLine. In height, it was about the size of an eleven-story high-rise building, and in length - like three large blocks. The ship was equipped with 8 decks and had 16 watertight compartments, which ensured a high level of safety for this liner.

Despite such a powerful and sturdy design, the Titanic sank on its first voyage. There is still a lot of discussion around the death of this giant of shipbuilding and many questions arise related to its disaster. For example, how and why the ship went to the bottom, in what year the Titanic sank, etc.

In what year did the Titanic sink, the first test and access to the ocean

Let's try to figure it out in order with all the nuances and reveal all the secrets of the death of this giant ship. So, the Titanic set off on its maiden voyage on April 10, 1912. Before that, in 1911, the liner was first released into the waters of the oceans for a test voyage. The ship was on this test cruise until April 1912, when it arrived in the English port of Southampton, and on April 10 of the same year, the Titanic set off on its first and, unfortunately, last voyage. Five days later, on the night of April 14-15, the ship collided with an iceberg, as a result of which it sank in the waters. Atlantic Ocean. Of all the passengers on board, more than 1,500 people died.

Secrets and mysteries of the Titanic disaster

The commission that investigated the death of this ship was unequivocal in its conclusions and placed all responsibility on the captain of the ship, Smith. He was accused of moving too fast at night on the ice field, although he was warned of the danger. But there are many other mysteries and mysteries in this story.

So, in 1985, a group of oceanographers led by Robert Ballard managed to raise a lot of debris from the ship from the bottom and study them in detail. As a result, scientists have sensational discovery. It turns out that the structure of the ship was made of low grade steel, which caused the ship's bottom to split.

And there was also a hypothesis that the Titanic broke up even before it collided with the iceberg. Low-quality steel could not withstand such loads and cracked. After carefully examining the metal from which the rods and rivets were made in the structure of the ship, scientists found a high level of scale concentration in it. It makes the steel very brittle, which can subsequently lead to its rapid destruction. As proof of the validity of this version is the fact that the creators of the Titanic planned to complete its construction as soon as possible. This haste was the second reason for the death of the ship.

Scientists believe that if high-quality steel was used as the material for the manufacture of rods and rivets, which play a major role in the safety of the vessel, then perhaps the disaster could have been avoided.

Of course, in the crash of the Titanic, in addition to the use of low-quality material, other factors also played a role:

ignoring the ice danger at night by the captain's staff;
negligent attitude of the ship's crew to their duties (after all, the entire captain's staff was warned that there was an iceberg ahead);
inconsistency of seats in lifeboats - for example, out of more than 2 thousand passengers, only about 700 were landed on boats, the rest went under water. But also in confirmation of this there is the fact that these boats were originally designed only for 1178 people, and according to various sources, there were more than 2 thousand people on board.

conclusions

As you can see, despite the fact that the Titanic was one of largest liners of that time and is equipped according to all safety rules, the slightest neglect simple rules, negligent attitude of the captain's staff to their duties and haste in the process of building this ship led to its crash during the first exit to open ocean. Until 1985, not all the facts were known about this terrible disaster. People knew in which ocean the Titanic sank, how many people died approximately, and also that the ship was wrecked as a result of a collision with an iceberg. But after the research, a team of scientists led by Ballard managed to reveal many new details about the true cause of the disaster of this ship.

Exactly 100 years have passed since the most famous maritime disaster in history - the sinking of the Titanic. On the night of April 14-15, 1912, the ship collided with an iceberg and sank in the waters of the North Atlantic.

Among all maritime disasters that occurred in peacetime, in terms of the number of victims, the Titanic ranks third - 1,517 people.

We recall the events of 100 years ago.

The Titanic was built between 1909 and 1911 by the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company (Belfast, Northern Ireland). In the photo: workers walk from the Harland and Wolf factory in Belfast. A ship still under construction can be seen in the background, 1911. (Photo by Photographic Archive | Harland & Wolff Collection | Cox):

The Titanic was launched on May 31, 1911. In the photo: a ship at the Harland and Wolf shipyard before launching, 1911:

In April 1912, the largest passenger liner in the world left the English port of Southampton for New York. in your first and last trip . On board were the richest people in the world. (Photo by United Press International):

Departure from the English port of Southampton, April 10, 1912. The dimensions of the Titanic are 269 meters long, 28.2 meters wide, 18.4 meters high. The Titanic was taller than most city buildings of the time. (AP Photo):

Titanic was not only the largest, but also the most luxurious liner of its time: there were gyms, swimming pools, libraries, upscale restaurants and luxurious cabins. In the Foto: one of the restaurants

There were three classes on the Titanic: 1st, 2nd and 3rd. This photo of second class room. (Photo by The New York Times Photo Archives | American Press Association):

English naval officer (27 January 1850 – 15 April 1912). (Photo by The New York Times Archives):

William McMaster Murdoch - First Mate. It was he who kept watch and could not prevent a collision with an iceberg. William Murdoch died with the Titanic.

IN film of the same name James Cameron shows how Murdoch took money from a wealthy passenger for the right to board the boat, shot two passengers, and then shot himself. All this is not true. In fact, William Murdoch honestly fulfilled his duty and did everything in order to save as much as possible more people. 75% of all those rescued from the Titanic were evacuated from the starboard side, where rescue operation commanded by William Murdoch. (AP Photo):

Photo of the 30-meter-high iceberg that the Titanic is believed to have collided with. The picture was taken from the cable-laying ship Mina, which was one of the first ships to find the wreckage of the Titanic. According to the Mina crew, it was the only iceberg near the crash site.

The iceberg belonged to a rare type of "black icebergs", i.e. turned over so that their dark underwater part hits the surface. Because of this, he was seen too late. At the time of the collision of the iceberg with the Titanic, a pressure of 2.5 tons per sq.cm arose. Thick metal would have withstood, but the rivets holding the metal sheets of the Titanic's hull did not. The seams parted to a length of about 90 meters, immediately damaging 5 of the 16 conditionally watertight compartments of the ship. (Photo by United States Coast Guard):

Almost all the women and children from cabins 1 and 2 were saved from the Titanic. More than half of the women and children from the 3rd class cabins died, because. it was difficult for them to get up through the labyrinths of narrow corridors. Also, almost all the men died. Total at the sinking of the Titanic 1,517 people died.

In the photo: the lifeboat "Titanic", taken by one of the passengers of the steamer "Carpathia", it was "Carpathia" who took it off the boats survivors of the Titanic (712 people). (Photo by National Maritime Museum | London):

Another photo taken by a passenger of the steamship Carpathia, showing the lifeboats with the rescued passengers of the Titanic. (Photo by National Maritime Museum | London):

There were 2,229 people on board the Titanic, and the total capacity lifeboats was only 1,178 people. The reason was that, according to the rules then in force, the total capacity of lifeboats depended on the tonnage of the vessel, and not on the number of passengers and crew members. And without a boat, only in a life jacket, it was almost impossible to survive: the temperature of the outboard water was only 0.56 degrees Celsius.

In the photo: the boat picks up a passenger in a life jacket from the water. (Photo by Paul Treacy | EPA | PA):

Survivors disembark from the rescue ship Carpathia, New York, April 17, 1912. (Photo by American Press Association):

Greeting survivors from the Titanic, New York. (Photo by The New York Times Photo Archives | Times Wide World):

In the photo: the family that was on board the Titanic. The daughter and mother survived, the father died. (AP Photo):

New York, April 14, 1912. People on the streets are waiting for news about the fate of the passengers of the sunken Titanic. (AP Photo):

Hanging out on the street in New York last news about the number of survivors and deaths. (Photo by The New York Times Photo Archives):

The very first articles from the Ogonyok magazine published in April 1912. So in Russia they learned the details at a time when there was no Internet, television and even radio. It is worth noting that when the Titanic sank, in Russia it was the morning of April 2 according to the Julian calendar, and in Europe and America it was the night from 14 to 15 according to the Gregorian calendar:

Postcard with the Titanic, 1912. (Photo by New York Times Archives):

The rarest exhibit ticket for the first and last flight Titanic. (Photo):

The wreck of the Titanic was discovered on September 1, 1985.. This was done by former US Navy Commander and Professor of Oceanology Robert Duane Ballard. Initially, he planned to keep the coordinates of the ship's location secret so that no one could desecrate this place, which he considered a cemetery.

On the first dive, Ballard's team confirmed the fact that the Titanic broke in two during the dive.

Pictured: The Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean at a depth of 3,750 meters. 1999 (Photo by P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology):

Among all maritime disasters that occurred in peacetime, Titanic ranks third in terms of the number of victims- 1,517 people.

Sad 1st place belongs to the Philippine ferry "Dona Paz", which collided in 1987 with an oil tanker. More than 4,000 people died in the collision and subsequent fire.

2nd place belongs to the wooden paddle steamer Sultansha, which sank on April 27, 1865 on the Mississippi River due to a steam boiler explosion and fire. More than 1,700 people died.

The starboard side of the Titanic, August 28, 2010. (Photo by Premier Exhibitions, Inc. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution):

(Photo by Institute for Archaeological Oceanography & Institute for Exploration/University of Rhode Island Grad. School of Oceanography):

One of the propellers of the ship, lying at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. (Photo by Ralph White | AP):

The 17-ton part of the Titanic's hull is lifted to the surface, 1998. (Photo by RMS Titanic, Inc. via Associated Press):

The same 17-ton part from the Titanic, July 22, 2009. (Photo by RMS Titanic, Inc., via Associated Press):

A huge number of different items were scattered on the seabed, among which were parts of the ship, interior items and personal belongings of passengers. At an auction in April 2012, timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic, 5,000 items were sold in a single lot.

Gold-plated pocket watch salvaged from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. (Photo by Kirsty Wigglesworth Associated Press):

Money. (Photo by Stanley Leary | Associated Press):

Photographs from the collection of Lillian Asplund (right), survivor of the sinking of the Titanic. Then she was 5 years old. (Photo by Kirsty Wigglesworth | Associated Press):

Binoculars, comb, dishes and a cracked lamp. (Photo by Michel Boutefeu | Getty Images, Chester Higgins Jr. | The New York Times):

Glasses. (Photo by Bebeto Matthews | Associated Press):

Chronometer from the captain's bridge. (Photo by Alastair Grant | AP):

(Photo by Chang W. Lee | The New York Times):

Spoons. (Photo by Douglas Healey | Associated Press):

Gilded handbag. (Photo by Mario Tama | Getty Images):

More photos of the Titanic. The bow and stern parts of the vessel were found on the ocean floor 650 meters apart. (Photo by COPYRIGHT© 2012 RMS TITANIC, INC; Produced by AIVL, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution):

This is the first Full image of the sunken Titanic, compiled from 1,500 individual shots high resolution obtained with the help of sonars - means of sound detection of underwater objects using acoustic radiation. View from above. (Photo by COPYRIGHT© 2012 RMS TITANIC, INC; Produced by AIVL, WHOI). (Clickable, 2400×656 px):

Broken stern. Side view. In addition, the best steel of the time, from which the Titanic was made, became brittle at low temperatures. (Photo by COPYRIGHT© 2012 RMS TITANIC, INC; Produced by AIVL, WHOI). (Clickable, 2400×824 px):

Two engines of the Titanic - the largest passenger liner in the world at the time of construction, which was considered unsinkable. (Clickable, 2400×1692 px):

An interesting fact: the last of the surviving passengers of the Titanic, Millvina Dean, who at the time of the crash of the liner was 2.5 months old, died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 years.

More than 100 years have passed since the terrible catastrophe of one of the largest liners of his time. But until now, the world does not know all the secrets that the huge, and seemingly indestructible Titanic hides. How the ship sank, the material will tell.

Giants fight

The 20th century became the century technical progress. Skyscrapers, cars, movies - everything developed at an uncanny pace. The process also affected the ships.

In the market in the early 1900s, there was a lot of competition for customers between the two large companies. Cunard Line and White Star Line, two hostile transatlantic carriers, have been competing for the right to be the leader in their field for several years in a row. opened up interesting opportunities for companies, so over the years their ships became larger, faster and more magnificent.

Why and how the Titanic sank is still a mystery. There are many versions. The most daring of them is a scam. It was held by the aforementioned Star Line company.

But he opened the world of amazing liners "Cunard Line". By their order, two extraordinary steamships "Mauritania" and "Lusitania" were built. The audience was amazed by their grandeur. The length is about 240 m, the width is 25 m, the height from the waterline to the boat deck is 18 m. (But after a few years, the dimensions of the Titanic surpassed these parameters). Two twin giants were launched in 1906 and 1907. They won first places in prestigious competitions and beat all speed records.

For the competitors of "Kunard Line" it became a matter of honor to give a worthy answer.

The fate of the troika

The White Star Line was founded in 1845. During the years of the gold rush, she made money by flying from Britain to Australia. Throughout the years, the company competed with Cunard Line. Therefore, after the Lusitania and Mauritania were launched, the Star Line engineers were tasked with creating fantastic designs that would surpass the offspring of competitors. The final decision was made in 1909. This is how the idea of three ships of the Olympic class was born. The order was carried out by Harland and Wolfe.

This maritime organization was famous all over the world for the quality of its ships, comfort and luxury. Speed was not a priority. Several times "Star Line" proved not by word but by deed that it cares about customers. So, in 1909, when two liners collided, their ship stood on the water for another two days, which proved its quality. However, the trio of “Olympic” misfortune befell. repeatedly got into accidents. So, in 1911, it collided with the Hawk cruiser, from which it received a 14-meter hole and went for repairs. Misfortune befell the Titanic. He found himself at the bottom of the ocean in 1912. "Britanic" caught the First World War, where he played the role of a hospital, and in 1916 he was blown up by a German mine.

Miracle of the Seas

Now we can safely say that great ambitions were the reason why the Titanic crashed.

The construction of the second of three Olympic-class vessels was not without casualties. 1500 people worked on the project. The conditions were not easy. There was little concern for safety. Due to the fact that they had to work at a height, many builders broke down. About 250 people were seriously injured. The wounds of eight men were incompatible with life.

The dimensions of the Titanic were astounding. Its length was 269 m, width 28 m, height 18 m. It could reach speeds of up to 23 knots.

On the day the liner was launched, 10,000 spectators, including VIP guests and the press, gathered on the embankment to see an unusually large ship,

The date of the first flight was previously announced. The voyage was scheduled for March 20, 1912. But due to the collision of the first ship in September 1911 with the Hawk cruiser, some of the workers were transferred to the Olympic. The flight was automatically rescheduled for April 10. It is from this date that the fateful story of the Titanic begins.

fatal ticket

Its height was equal to an eleven-story building, and its length was four blocks of the city. Telephones, elevators, its own electrical grid, a garden, a hospital, shops - all this was placed on the ship. luxury halls, gourmet restaurants, library, swimming pool and gym - everything was available high society, first class passengers. Other clients lived more modestly. Most expensive tickets cost, in today's exchange rate, more than $50,000. Economical option from

The history of the Titanic is the history of different layers of the then society. Expensive cabins were occupied by successful, famous personalities. Tickets for the second class were bought by engineers, journalists, representatives of the clergy. The cheapest decks were for expats.

Landing began at 9:30 am on 10 April in London. After several planned stops, the liner headed for New York. A total of 2,208 people boarded.

tragic meeting

Immediately after entering the ocean, the team realized that there were no binoculars on the ship. The key to the box they were kept in was missing. The ship followed the safest route. It was chosen according to the season. In the spring, the water was full of icebergs, but theoretically they could not seriously damage the liner. Nevertheless, the captain gave the order to drive the Titanic at full speed. How the ship sank, which, according to the owners, could not be sunk, was later told by passengers who were lucky enough to survive.

The first days of sailing were quiet. But already on April 14, radio operators received repeated warnings about icebergs, which were largely ignored. In addition, the temperature dropped significantly at night. As you know, the team did without binoculars, and such a grandiose ship was not equipped with searchlights. Therefore, the lookout noticed the iceberg only 650 meters away. The man signaled to the bridge, where First Officer Murdoch gave the order: "Turn left" and "Reverse." This was followed by the command: "To the right." But the clumsy ship was slow to maneuver. The board collided with an iceberg. That is why the Titanic crashed.

Distress signal not heard

The collision happened at 23:40, when people were almost all asleep. On upper deck the impact was invisible. But the bottom was pretty shocked. Ice perforated 5 sections, they instantly began to fill with water. In general, the length of the hole was 90 meters. The designer said that with such damage, the ship would last a little more than an hour. The crew was preparing for an emergency evacuation. The radio operators broadcast an SOS signal.

The captain gave the order to put women and children in the boats. The team itself also wanted to survive, so strong sailors took oars in their hands. The wealthy passengers of the Titanic were the first to escape. But there wasn't enough room for everyone.

From the very beginning, the liner was not sufficiently equipped with everything necessary. A maximum of 1,100 people could be saved. In the first minutes it was completely imperceptible that the ship began to sink, so the relaxed passengers did not understand what was happening and reluctantly climbed into the half-empty boats.

The last moments of the miracle ship

When the nose of the liner tilted heavily, mass panic increased among the passengers.

The third class was left closed in its unit. Riots began, and people in horror tried to escape, as best they could. The guards tried to restore order and frightened the crowd with pistol shots.

At that time, the steamship Californian was passing nearby, but she did not receive a signal for help from a neighboring ship. Their radio operator overslept messages. How the Titanic sank, and with what speed it went to the bottom, only Carpathia knew, which headed towards them.

Despite the distress signals given, independent attempts to escape did not stop. Pumps pumped out water, there was still electricity. At 2:15 the pipe fell. Then the light went out. Experts believe that the liner was torn in half, because the bow took on water and sank. The stern first rose up, and then, under the pressure of its own weight, the ship broke.

Cold in the abyss

The nose sank quickly. Feed in a few minutes also went under water. But at the same time, its lining, body, furniture floated up. At 2:20 a.m., the great ship Titanic was completely submerged. How the ship sank, dozens of feature films and documentaries are shown today.

Some passengers tried hard to survive. Dozens jumped off in vests into the black abyss. But the ocean was merciless to man. Almost everyone froze to death. After some time, two boats returned, but only a few survived at the scene. An hour later, the Carpathia arrived and picked up those who remained.

The captain went down with the ship. 712 people were saved from all those who bought a ticket for the Titanic. Those who died in 1496 were mostly representatives of the third class, people who, on this journey, wanted to touch something unrealizable and desirable.

Scam of the century

Two vessels of the Olympic class were built according to the same project. After the first ship set sail, all its shortcomings came out. So, the management decided to add some details to the Titanic. They reduced the place for walking, completed the cabins. A café has been added to the restaurant. To protect passengers from bad weather, the deck was closed. As a result, an external difference appeared, although earlier it could not be distinguished from the Olympic liner.

The version that the Titanic was under water was not accidental, was published by Robin Rardiner, an expert in shipping matters. According to his theory, the older and battered Olympic was sent to sail.

Ship change

The first liner was launched without insurance. Having survived several accidents, he became an unpleasant burden for the company. Permanent repairs required enormous funds. After the damage inflicted on him by the cruiser, the ship was again sent on vacation. Then it was decided to replace old ship new, which was insured and very similar to the Titanic. How the liner sank is known, but few people know that after the tragedy, the White Star Line company received round compensation.

It wasn't hard to create a disaster. Both ships were in the same place. The Olympic received a cosmetic overhaul, rebuilt the deck and stuck a new name. The hole was patched with cheap steel, which weakens in icy water.

Confirmation of the theory

An important proof of the veracity of the version is indisputable facts. For example, the fact that the world's magnates and successful, rich people abruptly and for no reason abandoned the long-awaited trip the day before. Among them was the owner of the company, John Pierpont Morgan. A total of 55 first class customers canceled their tickets. Also, all expensive paintings, jewelry, gold reserves and treasures were removed from the liner. The idea arises that the privileged passengers of the Titanic knew some secret.

Interestingly, Edward John Smith, who still sailed on the Olympic, was appointed captain. He repeatedly noted that this was his last flight in his life. Those around him took the words literally, as the sailor was about to retire. Researchers believe that this was a punishment to the commander for past mistakes on the previous ship.

Many questions also arise because of the first assistant to the captain, William Murdoch, who ordered to turn to the left and turn on the reverse gear. The correct solution in such a situation would be to go straight and wrinkle your nose. In this case, the Titanic would not have ended up at the bottom.

mummy's curse

For years, stories have circulated that untold treasures were left on board. Among them is the mummy of the seer of Pharaoh Amenhotep. Even 3000 years ago, a woman predicted that her body would fall under water and this would happen under the screams of innocent dead people. But skeptics do not consider the prophecy to be true, although they do not exclude the possibility that the secrets of the Titanic have not yet been discovered.

There is also such a version: the catastrophe was planned to suspend the technical But this theory is even less plausible than the myth of the mummy.

The ruins lie at a depth of 3750 meters. Dozens of grandiose dives were carried out to the liner. James Cameron, the film director of the famous film, has repeatedly been in the research group.

A century has passed, and the secrets of the Titanic are still of interest and excite humanity.