The history of the death of the Titanic facts is an interesting discovery. Titanic, Britannic and Olympic. Investigation of the site of the sinking of the Titanic

The sinking of the Titanic claimed the lives of 1,517 of the 2,229 passengers and crew (official figures vary slightly) in one of the worst maritime disasters in world history. 712 survivors were brought aboard the RMS Carpathia. After this disaster, a great resonance swept through the public affecting attitudes towards social injustice, radically changed the way passengers were transported along the North Atlantic Passage, the rules for the number of lifeboats carried on board were changed passenger ships and the International Ice Reconnaissance was established (where merchant ships crossing the North Atlantic continue, using radio signals, to transmit accurate information about the location and concentration of ice). In 1985, a major discovery was made, the Titanic was discovered at the bottom of the ocean and became a turning point for the public and for the development of new areas of science and technology. April 15, 2012 marks the 100th anniversary of the Titanic. It has become one of the most famous ships in history, her image has remained in numerous books, films, exhibitions and monuments.

Crash of the Titanic in real time

duration - 2 hours 40 minutes!

The British passenger liner Titanic leaves Southampton, England on her maiden voyage on April 10, 1912. The Titanic was called to Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland, before heading west towards New York. Four days in transit, she hit an iceberg at 11:40 pm, 375 miles south of Newfoundland. Shortly before 2:20 am, the Titanic broke up and sank. More than a thousand people were on board at the time of the accident. Some died in the water within minutes from hypothermia in the waters of the North Antaltic Ocean. (Frank O. Braynard Collection)

The luxury liner Titanic, in this 1912 photo, as she left Queenstown in New York, on her ill-fated last flight. The passengers of this ship were included in the list of the richest people in the world, such as millionaires John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim and Isidor Strauss, as well as more than a thousand emigrants from Ireland, Scandinavia and other countries seeking new life in America. The disaster was greeted around the world with shock and outrage over the huge loss of life and violation of the regulatory and operational parameters that led to this disaster. The investigation into the sinking of the Titanic began a few days later and led to a significant improvement in maritime safety. (United Press International)

A crowd of workers. Shipyard Harland and Wolf shipyard in Belfast, where the Titanic was built between 1909 and 1911. The ship was designed to be the last word in comfort and luxury and was the most big ship afloat on her first voyage. The ship is visible in the background of this 1911 photograph. (Photo Archive/Harland & Wolff/Cox Collection)

Photo taken in 1912. In the photo, a chic dining room aboard the Titanic. The ship has been designed to be the last word in comfort and luxury, with an onboard gym, swimming pool, libraries, upscale restaurants and luxurious cabins. (Photo archive The New York Times / American Press Association)

1912 photograph. Second class canteen on the Titanic. A disproportionate number of people - over 90% of those in second class - remained on board because of the "women and children first" protocols followed by lifeboat loading officers. (Photo archive of The New York Times / American Press Association)

Photo April 10, 1912, it shows the Titanic leaving Southampton, England. Tragic death The Titanic happened a century ago, one of the causes of death, according to some, weak rivets used by the ship's builders in some parts of this ill-fated liner. (Associated Press)

Captain Edward John Smith, commander of the Titanic. He commanded the largest ship at that time making its first voyage. The Titanic was a massive ship - 269 meters long, 28 meters wide and weighing 52,310 tons. 53 meters separated from the keel to the top, almost 10 meters of which were below the waterline. The Titanic was higher above the water than most city buildings of the time. (The New York Times Archive)

First Mate William McMaster Murdoch, who is regarded as a local hero in his hometown Dalbeattie, Scotland, but in the film, the Titanic was portrayed as a coward and a murderer. At the ceremony, on the 86th anniversary of the ship's sinking, Scott Neeson, executive vice president of film producers 20th Century Fox, presented a check for five thousand pounds (US$8,000) to Dalbeattie School as an apology for the painting to an officer's relative. (Associated Press)

It is believed that it was this iceberg that caused the accident of the Titanic on April 14-15, 1912. The picture was taken aboard the Western Union ship, Mackay Bennett, commanded by Captain DeCarteret. McKay Bennet was one of the first ships to reach the site where the Titanic sank. According to Captain DeCarteret, it was the only iceberg at the site of the sinking when it arrived. It is assumed, therefore, that he was responsible for this tragedy. A glimpse of a collision with an iceberg caused the Titanic's hull plates to buckle inward in a number of places on her board and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments into which water gushed in an instant. Over the next two and a half hours, the ship gradually filled with water and sank. (United States Coast Guard)

Passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which were launched only partially filled. This photo of a lifeboat from the Titanic approaching the rescue ship Carpathia was taken by Carpathia passenger Louis M. Ogden and was on display in 2003, an exhibition of photographs that relate to the Titanic (bequeathed to the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England, by Walter Lord). (National Maritime Museum / London)

Seven hundred and twelve survivors were brought aboard from lifeboats on the RMS Carpathia. This photograph taken by Carpathia passenger Louis M. Ogden shows the Titanic lifeboat approaching the rescue ship, the Carpathians. The photograph was part of an exhibition in 2003 at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England named after Walter Lord. (National Maritime Museum / London)

Although the Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, she lacked enough lifeboats to hold all those on board. Due to outdated maritime safety regulations, she carried only enough lifeboats for 1,178 people - a third of her total passenger and crew capacity. This sepia photograph depicting the recovery of the passengers of the Titanic is one of the memorabilia about to go under the hammer at Christies in London, May 2012. (Paul Tracy / EPA / PA)

Members of the press interview Titanic survivors coming off the rescue ship, Carpathians, May 17, 1912. (American Press Association)

Eva Hart is portrayed as seven years old in this photograph taken in 1912 with her father, Benjamin, and mother Esther. Eva and her mother survived the sinking of the British liner Titanic on April 14, 1912, but her father died in the crash. (Associated Press)

People stand on the street waiting for the arrival of Carpathia after the sinking of the Titanic. (The New York Times / Wide World Photo Archive)

A huge crowd gathered in front of Star Line's White Office on Lower Broadway in New York City to get the latest news about the sinking of the Titanic on April 14, 1912. (Associated Press)

The editors of The New York Times at the time of the sinking of the Titanic, April 15, 1912. (Photo archive of The New York Times)

(Photo archive of The New York Times)

Two messages were sent from America by insurers to Lloyds in London in the mistaken belief that other ships, including Virginia, were coming to the rescue when the Titanic sank. These two commemorative messages are due to go under the hammer at Christies in London in May 2012. (AFP/EPA/Press Association)

Laura Francatelli, and her employers Lady Lucy Duff-Gordon and Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, standing on the rescue ship, Carpathians (Associated Press / Henry Aldridge & Son / Ho)

This vintage seal shows the Titanic shortly before leaving for its maiden voyage in 1912. (New York Times Archive)

A photograph released by Henry Aldridge and Son/Ho auctioned in Wiltshire, England on April 18, 2008 shows an extremely rare Titanic passenger ticket. They were auction handling the complete collection of Miss Lilian Asplund's last American Titanic Survivor. The collection consists of a number of important objects including a pocket watch, one of the few remaining tickets for the Titanic's maiden voyage and the only example of a direct emigration order the Titanic thought to exist. Lillian Asplund was a very private person, and because of a terrible event, she became a witness that on a cold April night in 1912, she rarely spoke about the tragedy that claimed the lives of her father and three brothers. (Henry Aldridge)

(National Maritime Museum / London)

Breakfast menu aboard the Titanic, signed by survivors of the disaster. (National Maritime Museum / London)

The nose of the Titanic at the bottom of the ocean, 1999 (Institute of Oceanology)

The image shows one of the Titanic's propellers at the bottom of the ocean during an expedition to the site of the tragedy. Five thousand exhibits planned to be auctioned as a single collection on April 11, 2012, 100 years after the sinking of the ship (RMS Titanic, Inc, via The Associated Press)

Photo August 28, 2010, released for the premiere of the exhibition, Inc-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, shows the starboard side of the Titanic. (Premier Exhibitions, Inc. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute)

Dr. Robert Ballard, the man who found the remains of the Titanic almost two decades ago, returned to the site and calculated the damage from visitors and hunters for the "souvenir" of the ship. (Institute of Oceanography and Archaeological Research Center / University of Rhode Island Grad. Schools of Oceanography)

The giant propeller of the sunken Titanic lies on the floor in the North Atlantic in this undated photograph. The propeller and other parts of the famous ship were seen by the first tourists to visit the wreck in September 1998.

(Ralph White/Associated Press)

The 17-ton part of the Titanic's hull rises to the surface during an expedition to the site of the tragedy in 1998. (RMS Titanic, Inc., via The Associated Press)

July 22, 2009, photo of the 17-ton part of the Titanic, which was raised and restored during an expedition to the site of the tragedy. (RMS Titanic, Inc., via The Associated Press)

A gold-plated American Waltham pocket watch, owned by Carl Asplund, in front of a contemporary watercolor painting of the Titanic by CJ Ashford at the Henry Aldridge & Son Auctions in Devizes, Wiltshire, England, April 3, 2008. The clock was recovered from the body of Karl Asplund who drowned on the Titanic, and is part of Lillian Asplund, the last American survivor of the disaster. (Kirsty Wigglesworth Associated Press)

The currency, part of the Titanic Collection, is photographed at a warehouse in Atlanta, August 2008. The owner of the largest trove of artifacts from the Titanic is offering a huge collection for auction in a single lot in 2012, on the 100th anniversary of the most famous shipwreck in the world. (Stanley Leary/Associated Press)

Photographs by Felix Asplund, Selma and Carl Asplund and Lillian Asplund, by Henry Aldridge and Son Auctions at Devizes, Wiltshire, England, April 3, 2008. The photographs were part of Lillian Asplund's collection of Titanic-related items. Asplund was 5 years old in April 1912 when the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage from England to New York. Her father and three siblings were among the 1,514 dead. (Kirsty Wigglesworth/Associated Press)

Exhibits at the "Titanic Artifact Exhibition" at the California scientific center: binoculars, comb, dishes and a broken incandescent lamp, February 6, 2003. (Michel Boutefeu/Getty Images, Chester Higgins Jr./The New York Times)

Glasses among the wreckage of the Titanic were among the choicest artifacts of the Titanic. (Bebeto Matthews/Associated Press)

Golden Spoon (Titanic Artifacts) (Bebeto Matthews/Associated Press)

A chronometer from the Titanic Bridge is on display at the Science Museum in London, May 15, 2003. The Chronometer, one of more than 200 items salvaged from the wreck of the Titanic, was on display at the launch of a new exhibit commemorating its ill-fated maiden voyage along with bottles of perfume. The exhibition took visitors on a chronological journey through the life of the Titanic, from its concept and construction, to life on board, and its plunge into the Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. (Alastair Grant/Associated Press)

Logo meter to measure the speed of the Titanic and a hinged lamp. (Mario Tama/Getty Images)

Artifacts of the Titanic displayed in the tools mass media preview only, to announce the historical sale is complete. a collection of artifacts recovered from the wreck of the Titanic and showcasing highlights from the collection at sea by Intrepid, Air & SpaceMuseum January 2012. (Chang W. Lee / The New York Times)

Cups and pocket watches from the Titanic are displayed during a Guernsey auction press conference, January 5, 2012. (Don Emmert/AFP/Getty Images, Brendan McDermid/Reuters Michel Boutefeu/Getty Images-2)

Spoons. RMS Titanic, Inc. is the only company authorized to remove elements from the ocean floor where the Titanic sank. (Douglas Healey/Associated Press)

Gold mesh purse. (Mario Tama/Getty Images)

April 2012 edition of National Geographic magazine (on line version available on iPad) you see new images and drawings from the wreck of the Titanic that remains on seabed, gradually breaks up at a depth of 12,415 feet (3,784 m). (National Geographic)

Two propeller blades peek out from the darkness of the sea. This optical mosaic is assembled from 300 s high resolution images. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Making sense of this tangle of metal presents endless challenges to professionals. One says: "If you interpret this material, you must love Picasso." (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)

The Titanic's two engines lie in a gaping hole in the stern. Wrapped in "rusticles" - orange stalactites made of iron - that eat the bacteria of these massive four-story structures, the largest moving man-made objects on Earth at the time. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)

105 years ago, April 15, 1912, "unsinkable ship", "the largest and most luxurious ocean liner"On his very first flight, he crashed into an iceberg and took with him to the bottom of the ocean more than one and a half thousand passengers. It would seem that for many decades there were no more secrets and secrets about this terrible disaster. And yet let's remember how it was.

Captain Edward Smith aboard the Titanic. Photo: New York Times

First official version

Two government investigations that were carried out in the wake of the disaster, decided that it was the iceberg, and not the defects of the ship, that caused the death of the liner. Both commissions of inquiry concluded that the Titanic sank not in parts, but in its entirety - there were no major faults.

The blame for this tragedy was completely shifted to the shoulders of the ship's captain, Edward Smith, who died along with his crew and passengers of the Atlantic liner. Experts reproached Smith for the fact that the ship was moving at a speed of 22 knots (41 km) through a dangerous ice field - in dark waters, not far from the coast of Newfoundland.

Discovery of Robert Ballard

In 1985, oceanographer Robert Ballard, after a long unsuccessful search, still managed to find the remains of the ship at a depth of about four kilometers at the bottom of the ocean. Then he discovered that in fact the Titanic had split in half before sinking.

A couple of years later, the wreckage of the ship was first raised to the surface and a new hypothesis immediately appeared - for the construction " unsinkable ship"used low-grade steel. However, according to experts, it was not steel at all that was low-grade, but rivets - the most important metal pins that bind together the steel plates of the hull of the liner. And the fragments of the Titanic found at all indicate that the ship's stern did not rise high into the air, as It is believed that the "Titanic" was divided into parts, being relatively even on the surface of the ocean - this is a clear sign of miscalculations in the design of the ship, which were hidden after the disaster.

Design miscalculations

"Titanic" was built in a short time - in response to the production of a new generation of high-speed liners by competitors.

The Titanic could keep afloat even if 4 of its 16 watertight compartments were flooded - amazing for a ship of such gigantic size.

However, on the night of April 14-15, 1912, in just a few days of the debut flight of the liner, its Achilles heel was opened. The ship, due to its size, was not nimble enough to be able to avoid the iceberg that the sentinels were screaming about at the last minute. The Titanic did not collide with the fatal iceberg head-on, but drove over it on its right side - the ice punched holes in the steel plates, flooding six "watertight" compartments. And after a couple of hours the ship was completely filled with water and sank.

According to experts studying the Titanic's potential weak spot, the rivets, they found that due to the fact that time was running out, builders began to use low-grade material. When the liner hit the iceberg, the weak steel rods in the ship's bow could not stand it and cracked. It is believed that it is not by chance that the water, having flooded six compartments fastened with low-grade steel rods, stopped exactly where the high-grade steel rivets began.

In 2005, another expedition studying the crash site, using the wreckage of the bottom, managed to establish that during the crash the ship tilted only about 11 degrees, and not at all 45, as was long thought.

Memories of Passengers

Due to the fact that the ship listed quite a bit, the passengers and crew had a false sense of security - many of them did not understand the seriousness of the situation. When the water flooded the bow of the hull sufficiently, the ship, remaining afloat, broke in two and sank in minutes.

Charlie Jugin, the Titanic's chef, was standing close to the stern at the time of the ship's wreck and noticed no sign of the hull breaking. neither did he notice the suction funnel or the colossal splash. According to his information, he calmly sailed away from the ship, without even getting his hair wet.

However, some passengers in the lifeboats claimed to have seen the Titanic's stern high in the air. However, this could only be optical illusion. With an 11-degree tilt, propellers sticking out in the air, the 20-story building Titanic seemed even higher, and its roll into the water even more.

How the Titanic sank: a real-time model

In New York, they sold the menu of the last dinner on wrecked in 1912 on the Titanic. They got 88 thousand dollars (about 1.9 million hryvnias) for it.

The company "Blue Star Line" announced the construction of "Titanic-2". According to the designers, the ship will be an exact copy of the famous liner that sank in 1912. However, the liner will be equipped with modern security features. Australian mining magnate Clive Palmer came to finance the project.

Now this 105-year-old cracker is considered the most expensive in the world.

It turns out that a Spillers and Bakers cracker called "Pilot" was included in the survival kit that was placed on each lifeboat. Later, one of these products went to a man who kept it as a souvenir. It was James Fenwick, a passenger on the Carpathia, which was raising shipwrecked survivors.

REFERENCE

On the night of April 15, 1912, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank. He swam into Atlantic Ocean on the way from Southampton (England) to New York. Then about 1.5 thousand people died, mostly third-class passengers. In total, it was more than 2.2 thousand people.

On the night of September 1, 1985, an American-French expedition led by oceanologist Robert Ballard discovered the Titanic steam boiler at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Soon the remains of the ship itself were discovered. Thus ended the long epic search for the sunken ship, which was carried out by several independent researchers, but for a long time was unsuccessful due to incorrect coordinates of the death of the ship, broadcast on the fateful night of 1912. The discovery of the remains of the Titanic opened a new page in its history: the answers to many controversial issues; a number of facts that were considered proven and irrefutable turned out to be erroneous.

The first intentions to find and raise the Titanic appeared immediately after the disaster. The families of several millionaires wanted to find the bodies of their dead relatives in order to properly bury them, and discussed the issue of raising the Titanic with one of the companies that specialized in underwater rescue work. But at that time there was no technical possibility to carry out such an operation. A plan was also discussed to drop charges of dynamite on the ocean floor so that some bodies would rise from the explosions to the surface, but these intentions were eventually abandoned.

Later, a number of crazy projects were developed to raise the Titanic. For example, it was proposed to fill the ship's hull with ping-pong balls or attach helium tanks to it, which would lift it to the surface. There were many other projects, mostly fantastic. In addition, before trying to raise the Titanic, it had to be found first, and this was not so simple.

One of the controversial issues in the history of the Titanic for a long time remained the coordinates broadcast along with the distress signal. They were determined by the fourth assistant captain, Joseph Boxhall, based on the coordinates that were calculated a few hours before the collision, the speed and course of the vessel. There was no time to check them in detail in that situation, and Carpathia, who came to the rescue a few hours later, successfully reached the boats, however, the first doubts about the correctness of the coordinates arose already during the investigation of 1912. At that time, the question remained open and When the first serious attempts to search for the Titanic began in the 80s, the researchers faced a problem: the Titanic was neither at the indicated coordinates, nor near them. The situation was also complicated by the local conditions of the disaster - after all, the Titanic was at a depth of almost 4 km and the search required appropriate equipment.

In the end, luck smiled at Robert Ballard, who, step by step, was preparing for the expedition for almost 13 years. After almost two months of searching, when only 5 days remained until the end of the expedition and Ballard had already begun to doubt the success of the event, some strange shadows appeared on the monitor connected to the video camera on the descent vehicle. This happened at almost one in the morning on September 1, 1985. It soon became clear that this was nothing more than the wreckage of a ship. After some time, one of the steam boilers was discovered and there was no doubt that the wreckage belonged to the Titanic. The next day, the front of the ship's hull was discovered. The lack of a stern turned out to be a big surprise: after an investigation in 1912, it was officially considered that the ship sank entirely.

Ballard's first expedition gave answers to many questions and gave the world a number of modern photographs of the Titanic, but much remained unexplained. A year later, Ballard again went to the Titanic, and this expedition already used a descent deep-sea vehicle, which could deliver three people to the ocean floor. There was also a small robot that allowed research inside the ship. This expedition clarified many questions that had remained open since 1912, and after it Ballard no longer planned to return to the Titanic. But what Ballard did not do, others did, and new expeditions soon reached the Titanic. Some of them were purely research in nature, some pursued the goal of lifting various objects from the bottom, incl. and for sale at auctions, which caused many scandals about the moral and ethical side of the issue. James Cameron also descended to the Titanic several times; not only for the filming of his 1997 film, but also for research using robotics inside the ship (see below). documentary"Ghosts of the Abyss: Titanic"), which revealed a lot of new facts about the condition of the ship and its once magnificent finish.

As for the issue of raising the Titanic, it became clear after Ballard's expeditions that this operation would not only be daunting and expensive; the ship's hull has long been in such a state that it will simply crumble into pieces, if not during lifting, then on the surface.

1. Let's see how the Titanic looks now and how it looked before. The Titanic sank in the Atlantic at a depth of almost 4 km. During the dive, the ship broke into two parts, which now lie on the bottom about six hundred meters apart. A lot of debris and objects are scattered around them, incl. and a pretty big piece of the Titanic's hull.

2. Model of the bow. When the ship fell to the bottom, the nose was very well buried in the silt, which greatly disappointed the first researchers, because it was impossible to inspect the place of impact on the iceberg without special equipment. The ragged hole in the body, which is visible on the layout, was formed from hitting the bottom.

3. Panorama of the bow, assembled from several hundred photographs. From right to left: the winch of the spare anchor sticks out directly above the edge of the bow, behind it there is a mooring device, immediately behind it is an open hatch into hold No. 1, from which the breakwater lines diverge to the sides. A fallen mast lies on the deck between the superstructure, under it there are two more hatches into the holds and winches for handling cargo. In front of the main superstructure, there used to be a captain's bridge, which collapsed during the fall to the bottom and is now guessed now only in separate details. Behind the bridge, a superstructure with cabins for officers, a captain, a radio room, etc., has been preserved, which is crossed by a crack formed at the site of the expansion joint. A gaping hole in the superstructure - a place for the first chimney. Immediately behind the superstructure, another hole is visible - this is the well in which the main staircase. To the left is something very torn - there was a second pipe.

4. The nose of the Titanic. The most button accordion object of underwater photographs of the vessel. At the end, you can see a loop on which a cable was put on that held the mast.

5. The photo on the left shows the winch of the spare anchor towering over the bow.

6. The main anchor of the port side. It's amazing how he didn't fly down when he hit the bottom.

7. Spare anchor:

8. Behind the spare anchor is a mooring device:

9. Open hatch to hold No. 1. The lid flew off to the side, apparently when it hit the bottom.

10. On the mast there used to be the remains of a "crow's nest", where the lookouts were, but ten or twenty years ago they fell off and now only the hole in the mast, through which the lookouts got on spiral staircase. The protruding tail behind the hole is the fastening of the ship's bell.

11. Board of the vessel:

12. Only one of the steering wheels remained from the captain's bridge.

13. Boat deck. The superstructure on it in some places is either uprooted or torn.

14. The preserved part of the superstructure in front of the deck. Below on the right is the entrance to the front staircase of the 1st class.

15. Surviving davits, a bath in Captain Smith's cabin and the remains of a steamship whistle that was installed on one of the pipes.

16. A huge well now gapes in place of the front staircase. There are no traces of the stairs.

17. Staircase in 1912:

18. And the same perspective in our time. Looking at the previous photo, it's hard to believe that this is the same place.

19. Behind the stairs there were several elevators for 1st class passengers. Separate elements have been preserved from them. The inscription, depicted at the bottom right, was placed opposite the elevators and denoted the deck. This inscription belonged to deck A; the bronze letter A has already fallen off, but traces of it remain.

20. 1st class lounge on deck D. This is the bottom of the main staircase.

21. Although almost all the wooden trim of the ship has long been eaten away by microorganisms, some elements are still preserved here.

22. The restaurant and the 1st class lounge on deck D were separated from the outside world by large stained glass windows that have survived to this day.

23. Remains of former beauty:

24. From the outside, the windows are guessed by the characteristic double portholes.

25. Chic chandeliers have been hanging in their places for over 100 years.

26. The once-splendid interiors of 1st class cabins are now littered with debris and debris. In some places you can find preserved elements of furniture and objects.

29. Some more details. The door to the restaurant on deck D and a sign indicating service doors:

30. The stokers had their own "front staircase". In order not to meet passengers, a separate staircase led from the boiler rooms to the cabins of the stokers.

31. Hundreds of items are scattered across the ocean floor, ranging from ship parts to personal belongings of passengers.

Billions of people around the world watched Leonardo DiCaprio drown in the movie Titanic. This tape is based on true events that took place around midnight on April 14, 1912 on board the luxury liner Titanic. Myths, facts, photos dedicated to this event, you will find in our top 10 little known facts and amazing interesting stories about the Titanic.

For passengers traveling in first class, the ticket price was $4,350, equivalent to $106,310 in modern times. This fare was due to the highest standards of service and increased comfort of the cabins.

9. Rescue dogs

Despite the fact that there were not enough boats on the Titanic to save all the people, three dogs were listed among the 712 surviving passengers. One Pekingese and two Pomeranians. And one of the passengers of the Titanic refused to leave the board without her dog and died with her.

8. Ruined honeymoon

If you watched the movie about the "unsinkable" liner, then remember the emotional scenes with Jack and Rose in the last minutes when the Titanic was sinking. The historical facts are as follows: 13 couples celebrated their Honeymoon On this giant ship. Unfortunately, they were probably among the 1,513 drowned passengers.

7. Fatal error of the captain

The captain of the Titanic, 62-year-old Edward John Smith, had a huge track record. But he had rich management experience sailing ships and a small one by steamboats. Due to a lack of knowledge, Smith continued to command the crew to go at full speed (22 knots) even when the Titanic entered the dangerous ice zone. Outcome is known.

6 Profit From Disaster

There are several films and television shows that more or less authentically "exploit" the facts about the Titanic. Among them: "Titanic" (1943), "The Unsinkable Molly Brown" (1964), "Secrets of the Titanic" (1986), "Ghosts of the Abyss: Titanic" (2003), "Titanic: Blood and Steel" ( year 2012). James Cameron's 1997 Titanic movie brought in a billion dollars in profits and won 11 Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director.

5. A real hero

Charles Herbert Lightoller was second mate on the Titanic and did his best to evacuate the women and children. The officer himself miraculously escaped by jumping off the ship and swimming to a folding boat floating upside down, on which there were 30 people. By morning they were picked up by sailors from the ship "Carpathia". Lightoller lived to a ripe old age of 78.

4. Sundries

The Titanic hit an iceberg on its first exit. And this is the only ocean liner that went to the bottom because of the iceberg. In addition, former leader and founder North Korea Kim Il Sung was born on April 15, 1912 (when the Titanic sank).

3. Drank and survived

Interesting facts about the Titanic included the story of the ship's drunken chef, Charles Jufin. The temperature in the Atlantic Ocean during the tragic events on the Titanic was about 0.56 degrees Celsius. Because of this, people could not survive in it for more than 15 minutes. And Jufin, who pretty much drank intoxicant, froze in the water for two hours until the moment of his rescue. He proved that the drunk not only the sea is knee-deep, but the ocean is shoulder-deep.

2. The long search for the Titanic

It took 73 years to discover the wreckage of the Titanic. This happened in 1985. The hull of the liner was divided into two parts and carried to a depth of 3784 m.

1 Cursed Mummy

We know exactly how the sinking of the Titanic happened. The scientific facts are indisputable: the handsome liner sank due to an iceberg. But there were a lot of rumors about the cargo that the Titanic was carrying. One of them: the mummy of the soothsayer Amenophis IV, who was taken on board by order of the British historian Lord Canterville, is to blame for the disaster. As a particularly valuable item, the box with the mummy was located near the captain's bridge.

Some time after the disaster, newspapers began publishing stories from Titanic passengers. Some of them claimed that shortly before the disaster, the captain was near the box of Amenophis IV. After that, his behavior became extremely strange, and there was no timely reaction to the message about the ice threat.

Most of the photos were taken father Frank Brown.

From 1911 to 1916, Frank Brown studied theology at Dublin's Milltown Park Institute. During this period, his uncle Robert (Bishop of Cloyne) sent him an unusual gift: a ticket to little trip on board" Titanic", heading for his first voyage. Uncle gave Frank journey from Southampton to Cherbourg and then to Queenstown (Cobh), County Cork, Ireland.

While sailing on Titanic", Father Brown made friends with a couple of American millionaires who sat at the same table with him in the dining room of the liner for the first class. They suggested that he send a message to his rector in Dublin (the archbishop) to ask him for permission to remain on board until the end of the voyage to New York. An American couple offered to pay for his fare. The message was immediately telegraphed, and the answer was waiting Frank upon arrival in Queenstown. It consisted of five words:

"Get off this ship! Archbishop".

The picture was taken at Waterloo station on Wednesday at 9:45 am April 10, 1912. The photographer captured the first and last train that brought passengers to " Titanic"

For many years it was believed that the gentleman on the left is John Jacob Astor, who died during the sinking of "T itanica"(see below). In fact, this is his cousin, William Weldorf Astor, who moved to England from the USA in 1980

Two of the three screws Titanic" (left and middle)

"Olympic" And " Titanic"(right) in Belfast. This is the only photo of the two ships together. (Steamboat company white star line built three huge liners: " Titanic», « Olympic" And " Britannic»)

Crow's nest on " Titanic". Observation platform on the foremast for looking ahead

"Titanic"at Southampton on April 5, 1912, when the "Great Flag of Glory" was raised on it for the first and last time

Before you come on board" Titanic", Frank Brown took this picture. In the distance, a second-class gangway is visible, identical to the one on which he stands

April 10, 1912, 12.00. "Titanic"set sail from Southampton

The photographer leaned over the side of the ship to take pictures of the tugboats below. In the distance, you can see the bank of the Test River and several private yachts anchored. To the left of the photographer is lifeboat number seven. When " Titanic"starts to sink, this boat will be the first to launch

Moving along the deck of the ship, Frank Brown photographed the crowd, consisting mainly of local residents escorting " Titanic"

"Titanic" narrowly avoids a collision with the American ship "New York". The tug is trying to pull the stern of the "New York" from the side " Titanic".

"Titanic"already rounded the end of the pier, where he passed the New York liner, which had already unmoored and began to turn towards" Titanic Passengers can be seen leaning out of the windows of the large promenade deck to see the alleged collision

The photograph taken by F. H. Ernott shows the tug "Volcano" at the side " Titanic". The ship's departure from Southampton was delayed for an hour after it almost collided with the New York ship"

The boy on the right is Jack Odell, a member of the family with whom he travels Frank Brown, and in the distance - Major Archibald Butt military aide-de-camp to President William Howard Taft

Captain Smith on deck 187 yards long

This is obviously an American novelist Jacques Fautrell standing on the deck next to the gym" Titanic". The author of the popular detective stories "Thinking Machine" (Thinking Machine), he took with him many unpublished stories that will be lost forever. Having celebrated his 37th anniversary the day before sailing, he will die in a disaster

The gentleman in the white flannel suit is T. W. McCauley, a 34-year-old physical education teacher from Aberdeen. One of the passengers a few years later will remember McCauley as a very strict person in relations with passengers. But with the kids on board, he was gentler.

Taken from the stern of the A-deck, this photograph shows the rear of the vessel's superstructure. On upper deck group of second class passengers

Frank Brown ran into an unfamiliar couple making morning walk. Upstairs, at the railing of the second-class promenade deck, benches have been assembled

Sexennial Robert Douglas Steedman from Tuxedo Park, New York, spins the top, and his father Frederick looks. During the sinking of the ship, both father and son escaped, but the photographs taken by Frederick with a camera hanging on his shoulder did not

Vertical drop doors (shown closed) in one of the watertight bulkheads

Boilers" Titanic"

Junior radio operator Titanic", Harold Bride, at his post. Since this is the only photograph ever taken in the ship's radio room, Frank Brown kept it despite the double exposure

Third class passengers crowd at the stern of the ship, from where you can see a sign warning of the danger of propellers below. A small dot on the fourth chimney is the soot-covered face of a stoker who climbed up to get a bird's eye view of the Irish port. To some, he seemed like a black ghost of death, looking down. Superstitious passengers saw this as a bad omen.

Bedroom 1 class (B-57)

Coupe - 1st class suite (D-19)

Bedroom 1 class (B-38)

Bedroom 1 class (B-64)

Hall with a fireplace in suites

Bedroom in the apartment Frank Brown number A-37 on board"Titanic "

Cafe on deck B on the starboard side

Deck" Titanic"

Staircase under the dome. 1 class

Ticket for " Titanic Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Kimbell. Departure April 10, 1912. Cabin D-19

Lunch menu card for April 14, 1912, which Frank Brown acquired as an illustration for his lectures

1st class rest room

Shared room 1st class

Smoking room 1st class

Cafe on the veranda. 1 class

Canteen for 1st class passengers

Reading room on A-deck

Library 2 class

3rd class dining room

Shared room 3rd class

3 class menu

Captain's bridge on " Olympic". "Titanic" And " Olympic"almost identical. This is the only photograph of the captain's bridge

Swimming pool on " Olympic", completely identical to the pool on " Titanic"

On April 11, 1912, the Titanic made a stop at Queenstown to pick up passengers and mail.

Queenstown. Pier "White Star". Crowd waiting to board the messenger ships

Passengers" Titanic"go ashore from the messenger ship" America "

Queenstown merchants had licenses to sell lace and other Irish souvenirs aboard transatlantic liners.

Loaders in anticipation of work on the transfer of correspondence

Illegal trade takes place on board the ship

Mail loading

Messenger ships "Ireland" and "America" with passengers and mail moor to " Titanic"

Giant right anchor Titanic"raised for the last time. It took several minutes for the anchor to reach the surface. The liner used a chain of 6 wrought iron anchor chains. Each of the chains had a length of 15 fathoms (fathoms)

One of their late shots Frank Brown made it right after sailing" Titanic" from Queenstown with 1316 passengers and 891 crew on board,at 13:55 April 11, 1912

Bruce Ismay(first class passenger, cabins no. B52, 54, 56, ticket no. 112058) Executive Director of White Star Line. Survived, but was branded with disgrace. I could never forgive myself for being one of the first on the boat. He soon left his post and spent the rest of his life as a hermit.

Edward John Smith- captain" Titanic".

Smith enjoyed high popularity among crew members and passengers.

By virtue of his rich experience, he was assigned to command passenger liner "Titanic on his maiden voyage, after which the captain was due to retire.

At 2:13 a.m., just 10 minutes before the final submersion of the ship, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he met death.

William McMaster Murdoch . First Mate" Titanic". perished

William Murdoch honestly fulfilled his duty and did everything in order to save as much as possible more people. Seventy-five percent of all those rescued from the Titanic were evacuated from the starboard side, where rescue operation commanded William Murdoch.

Second mate " Titanic» Charles Herbert Lightoller. One of the last to jump off the ship and narrowly avoiding being sucked into the ventilation shaft, he swam to Collapsible Boat B, which was floating upside down. The pipe that broke off and fell into the sea next to him " Titanic» pushed the lifeboat away from the sinking ship and allowed it to stay afloat

In total, there were 30 people on the capsized boat, Lightoller I tried to organize them somehow, but in vain. By dawn they were picked up by boats from the ship " Carpathia”, by that time there were already 27 people on the boat. These were the last rescued passengers of the Titanic, Lightoller helped lift the passengers and was the last to board. (on the pictureLightoller on right)

Frederick Fleet - one of six lookouts aboard the Titanic.The first to see an iceberg and raise the alarm. Died.

Thomas Andrews -(first class passenger, cabin No. A 36, ticket No. 112050), Irish businessman and shipbuilder, chief executive of the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company in Belfast. Andrews was a constructor Titanic and one of the 1,517 dead. During the evacuation Thomas helped passengers into the boats, and was last seen in the first-class smoking room near the fireplace, looking at the picture "Port of Plymouth". His body was never found after the crash. Played in Cameron's filmVictor Garber.

Benjamin Guggenheim - wealthy American businessman. Died.

John Jacob and Madeleine ASTOR - millionaire science fiction writer with his young wife, who was a year younger than John's son Jacob from his first marriage to Ava Willing. They say, John Jacob, like many other influential people, were advised not to board this liner. However, the multimillionaire decided to try his luck and nevertheless went on his last voyage on the doomed liner. Madeleine escaped on lifeboat number 4. The body of John Jacob was raised from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death. The writer and multimillionaire was discovered by a signet with the letters J.J.A.

Margaret (Molly) Brown - American socialite, philanthropist and activist. Survived. When on " Titanic"there was a panic, Molly she put people in lifeboats, she herself refused to sit there: “If the worst happens, I will swim out,” but in the end someone pushed her into lifeboat number 6, which made her famous.

The boat could accommodate 65 passengers, but in reality there were only 26 of them. When they sailed, the boilers began to explode on the ship. “Suddenly the sea opened up, and as if giant hands embraced the ship, ”wrote Margaret. Sitting in a lifeboat in the company of 24 women and two men, she argued frantically with the elder of the boat. Robert Hitchens, demanding to return to the crash site and pick up the drowning ones. When one of the passengers became cold, Molly gave her her fur coat. And when the cold "finished" even her, she ordered the women to sit down at the oars and row to keep warm

Molly hands over to the captain Carpathians» To Arthur Rostron, the cup of love on behalf of the surviving passengers « Titanic»

On " Carpathians» Margaret I did what I did best: organization. She knew several languages and could speak with passengers from different countries. She looked for blankets and food for them, compiled lists of survivors, collected money for those who lost along with " Titanic» everything: family and savings. By the time of arrival Carpathians to the port, she raised $10,000 for the survivors. When the ship arrived in New York and the journalists asked Margaret to which she owed her luck, she replied, “The usual luck of the Browns. We are unsinkable!”

She was played in the filmKathy Bates

Lucy Christina, Lady Duff Gordon - one of the leading British fashion designers of the late XIX - early XX century, known in the professional arena as Lucille. survived

Dorothy Gibson - American silent film actress, fashion model and singer. Survived. In 1912, she played her most famous role in the film " Survivors from the Titanic»