What was the temperature of the water when the Titanic crashed? Documentary film "Titanic": the death of a dream. Memoirs of eyewitnesses of the tragedy
On April 10, 1912, the Titanic liner set off from Southampton Port on its first and last voyage, which collided with an iceberg 4 days later. About the tragedy that claimed the lives of almost 1496 people, we know largely thanks to the film, but let's get acquainted with real stories passengers on the Titanic.
The real cream of society gathered on the passenger deck of the Titanic: millionaires, actors and writers. Not everyone could afford to buy a class I ticket - the price was $60,000 at current prices.
3rd class passengers bought tickets for only $35 ($650 these days), so they were not allowed to go above the third deck. On the fateful night, the division into classes turned out to be more tangible than ever...
Bruce Ismay was one of the first people to jump into a lifeboat. CEO company "White star line", which owned the Titanic. The boat, designed for 40 people, sailed from the side with only twelve.
After the disaster, Ismay was accused of boarding a lifeboat, avoiding women and children, and of instructing the captain of the Titanic to increase speed, which led to the tragedy. The court acquitted him.
William Ernest Carter boarded the Titanic at Southampton with his wife, Lucy, and their two children, Lucy and William, and two dogs.
On the night of the disaster, he was at a party in the ship's restaurant. first class and after the collision, together with his comrades, he went on deck, where the boats were already being prepared. First, William put his daughter in boat number 4, but when it was his son's turn, they were in trouble.
Right in front of them, 13-year-old John Rison boarded the boat, after which the boarding officer ordered that teenage boys not be taken on board. Lucy Carter resourcefully threw her hat on her 11-year-old son and sat down with him.
When the boarding process was completed and the boat began to descend into the water, Carter himself quickly got into it, along with another passenger. It turned out to be the already mentioned Bruce Ismay.
Roberta Mahoney, 21, worked as a servant to the countess and sailed on the Titanic with her mistress in first class.
On board, she met a brave young steward from the ship's crew, and soon the young people fell in love with each other. When the Titanic began to sink, the steward rushed to Roberta's cabin, brought her to the boat deck and put her in the boat, giving her his life jacket.
He himself died, like many other crew members, and Robert was picked up by the Carpathia ship, on which she sailed to New York. Only there, in her coat pocket, did she find a badge with a star, which, at the moment of parting, the steward put in her pocket as a memory of himself.
Emily Richards sailed along with her two young sons, mother, brother and sister to her husband. At the time of the disaster, the woman was sleeping in the cabin with her children. They were awakened by the screams of their mother, who ran into the cabin after the collision.
The Richardses were miraculously able to climb through the window into the descending lifeboat No. 4. When the Titanic completely sank, the passengers of her boat managed to pull seven more people out of the icy water, two of whom, unfortunately, soon died of frostbite.
The famous American businessman Isidor Strauss and his wife Ida traveled in first class. The Strauss have been married for 40 years and have never parted.
When the ship's officer invited the family to board the boat, Isidore refused, deciding to give way to women and children, but Ida also followed him.
Instead of themselves, the Strauss put their maid in the boat. Isidore's body was identified by a wedding ring, Ida's body was not found.
Two orchestras played on the Titanic: a quintet led by 33-year-old British violinist Wallace Hartley and an additional trio of musicians who were hired to give Café Parisien a continental touch.
Usually two members of the Titanic orchestra worked in different parts of the liner and in different time, but on the night of the death of the ship, all of them united into one orchestra.
One of rescued passengers Titanic would write later: "Many heroic deeds were performed that night, but none of them could compare with the feat of these few musicians, playing hour after hour, although the ship sank deeper and deeper, and the sea crept up to the place where they stood. The music they played gave them the right to be included in the list of heroes of eternal glory. "
Hartley's body was found two weeks after the sinking of the Titanic and sent to England. A violin was tied to his chest - a gift from the bride. Among the other members of the orchestra, there were no survivors ...
Four-year-old Michel and two-year-old Edmond traveled with their father, who died in the crash, and were considered "orphans of the Titanic" until their mother was found in France.
Michel died in 2001, he was the last male survivor on the Titanic.
Winnie Coates was on her way to New York with her two children. On the night of the disaster, she woke up from a strange noise, but decided to wait for the orders of the crew members. Her patience snapped, she rushed about the endless corridors of the ship for a long time, getting lost.
Suddenly met by a member of the crew directed her to the boats. She stumbled on a broken closed gate, but just at that moment another officer appeared, who saved Winnie and her children by giving them his life jacket.
As a result, Vinnie ended up on the deck, where she was boarding boat No. 2, on which, literally by a miracle, she managed to dive ..
Seven-year-old Eva Hart escaped the sinking Titanic with her mother, but her father died in the crash.
Ellen Walker believes she was conceived on the Titanic before it hit the iceberg. “It means a lot to me,” she admitted in an interview.
Her parents were 39-year-old Samuel Morley, the owner of a jewelry store in England, and 19-year-old Kate Phillips, one of his employees, fled to America from the man’s first wife, seeking to start new life.
Kate got into a lifeboat, Samuel jumped into the water after her, but did not know how to swim and drowned. "Mom spent 8 hours in a lifeboat," Helen said. "She was wearing only a nightgown, but one of the sailors gave her his jumper."
Violet Constance Jessop. Until the last moment, the stewardess did not want to be hired on the Titanic, but her friends convinced her because they thought it would be a "wonderful experience."
Before that, on October 20, 1910, Violet became a flight attendant. transatlantic liner"Olympic", which a year later, due to unsuccessful maneuvering, collided with a cruiser, but the girl managed to escape.
And from the Titanic, Violet escaped on a boat. During the First World War, the girl went to work as a nurse, and in 1916 she got on board the Britannic, which ... also went to the bottom! Two boats with a crew were pulled under the propeller of a sinking ship. 21 people died.
Among them could be Violet, who was sailing in one of the broken boats, but again luck was on her side: she managed to jump out of the boat and survived.
Fireman Arthur John Priest also survived a shipwreck not only on the Titanic, but also on the Olympic and Britannic (by the way, all three ships were the brainchild of the same company). Priest has 5 shipwrecks on his account.
April 21, 1912" New York Times "published the story of Edward and Ethel Bean, who sailed on the Titanic in the second class. After the crash, Edward helped his wife get into the boat. But when the boat had already sailed, he saw that it was half empty and jumped into the water. Ethel dragged her husband into the boat.
Among the passengers of the Titanic was the famous tennis player Carl Behr and his lover Helen Newsom. After the disaster, the athlete ran to the cabin and brought the women to the boat deck.
The lovers were ready to say goodbye forever when the head of the White Star Line, Bruce Ismay, personally offered Beer a place on the boat. A year later, Karl and Helen got married, and later became the parents of three children.
Edward John Smith is the captain of the Titanic, who was very popular with both crew and passengers. At 2:13 am, just 10 minutes before the ship was completely submerged, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he decided to meet his death.
Second mate Charles Herbert Lightoller was one of the last to jump off the ship, narrowly avoiding being sucked into the ventilation shaft. He swam to the collapsible boat B, which was floating upside down: the Titanic's pipe that broke off and fell into the sea next to him drove the boat away from the sinking ship and allowed it to stay afloat.
American businessman Benjamin Guggenheim during the crash helped women and children immerse themselves in lifeboats. When asked to save himself, he replied: "We are dressed in our best clothes and are ready to die like gentlemen."
Benjamin died at the age of 46, his body was not found.
Thomas Andrews - first class passenger, Irish businessman and shipbuilder, was the designer of the Titanic ...
During the evacuation, Thomas helped the passengers into the boats. Last time he was seen in the first class smoking room near the fireplace, looking at a painting of Port Plymouth. His body was never found after the crash.
John Jacob and Madeleine Astor, the millionaire science fiction writer, were traveling first class with their young wife. Madeleine escaped on lifeboat number 4. The body of John Jacob was raised from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death.
Colonel Archibald Gracie IV is an American writer and amateur historian who survived the sinking of the Titanic. Returning to New York, Gracie immediately began writing a book about his voyage.
It was she who became a real encyclopedia for historians and researchers of the disaster, thanks to the information contained in it. a large number the names of the stowaways and 1st class passengers who remained on the Titanic. Gracie's health was badly damaged by hypothermia and injuries, and he died in late 1912.
Margaret (Molly) Brown is an American socialite, philanthropist, and activist. Survived. When panic arose on the Titanic, Molly put people into lifeboats, but she herself refused to sit there.
"If the worst happens, I'll swim out," she said, until eventually someone pushed her into the number 6 lifeboat that made her famous.
After Molly organized the Titanic Survivors Relief Fund.
Millvina Dean was the last of the surviving passengers of the Titanic: she died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 in a nursing home in Ashurst, Hampshire, on the 98th anniversary of the liner's launch. .
Her ashes were scattered on October 24, 2009 in the port of Southampton, from where the Titanic began its first and last voyage. At the time of the death of the liner, she was two and a half months old.
The legendary maiden voyage of the Titanic was supposed to be the main gala event of 1912, but instead it became the most tragic in history. An absurd collision with an iceberg, an unorganized evacuation of people, almost one and a half thousand dead - this was the only voyage of the liner.
The history of the creation of the ship
Banal rivalry served as an incentive to start building the Titanic. The idea of creating a liner better than that of a competitor company came up with the owner of the British shipping company White Star Line, Bruce Ismay. This happened after their main rival, the Cunard Line, set sail in 1906, their largest ship at that time, called the Lusitania.
The construction of the liner began in 1909. About three thousand specialists worked on its creation, more than seven million dollars were spent. The last work was completed in 1911, and at the same time the long-awaited descent of the liner into the water took place.
Many people, both rich and poor, sought to get the coveted ticket for this flight, but no one suspected that just a few days after the departure, the world community would discuss only one thing - how many people died on the Titanic.
Despite the fact that the White Star Line managed to outdo the competitor in shipbuilding, the subsequent sinking of the Titanic dealt a severe blow to the company's reputation. In 1934, it was completely absorbed by the Cunard Line company.
The first voyage of the "unsinkable"
The solemn departure of the luxurious ship was the most anticipated event of 1912. It was very difficult to get tickets, and they were sold out long before the scheduled flight. But as it turned out later, those who exchanged or resold their tickets were very lucky, and they did not regret that they were not on the ship when they found out how many people died on the Titanic.
First and last flight the largest liner of the White Star Line was appointed on April 10, 1912. The ship's departure took place at 12 o'clock local time, and already 4 days later, on April 14, 1912, a tragedy occurred - an ill-fated collision with an iceberg.
Tragic foresight of the sinking of the Titanic
A fictional story about a shipwreck in the Atlantic Ocean, which later turned out to be prophetic, was written by British journalist William Thomas Stead in 1886. With his publication, the author wanted to draw public attention to the need to revise the rules of navigation, namely, he demanded that the number of seats in ship's boats correspond to the number of passengers.
A few years later, Stead returned to a similar theme in new history about the shipwreck Atlantic Ocean, which occurred as a result of a collision with an iceberg. The death of people on the liner occurred due to the lack of the required number of boats.
This work of the author turned out to be prophetic. A major shipwreck occurred exactly 20 years after it was written. The journalist himself, who was on the Titanic at that moment, could not be saved.
How many people died on the Titanic: the composition of the drowned and the survivors
More than 100 years have passed since the most discussed shipwreck of the 20th century, but each time during the regular trials, new circumstances of the tragedy are clarified and updated lists of those who died and survived as a result of the shipwreck appear.
This table gives us comprehensive information. The ratio of how many women and children died on the Titanic speaks most of all about the disorganization of the evacuation. The percentage of surviving representatives of the weaker sex exceeds even the number of surviving children. As a result of the shipwreck, 80% of the men died, most of them simply did not have enough space in the lifeboats. A high percentage of deaths among children. These were mostly members of the lower class who failed to get on deck in time for evacuation.
How were people saved from high society? Class discrimination on the Titanic
As soon as it became clear that the ship did not have long to stay on the water, the captain of the Titanic, Edward John Smith, gave the order to put women and children in lifeboats. At the same time, access to the deck for third-class passengers was limited. Thus, the advantage in salvation was given to representatives of high society.
Big number dead people was the reason that for 100 years investigations and litigation have not stopped. All experts note that there was discrimination on board during the evacuation based on gender and class. At the same time, the number of surviving crew members was greater than the representatives of the III class. Instead of helping the passengers into the boats, they were the first to escape.
How was the evacuation of people from the Titanic?
Properly unorganized evacuation of people is still considered main reason mass death of people. The fact of how many people died during the crash of the Titanic indicates the complete absence of any control over this process. The 20 lifeboats could accommodate at least 1,178 people. But at the beginning of the evacuation, they were launched half-filled, and not only by women and children, but also by whole families, and even with tame dogs. As a result, the occupancy of the boats was only 60%.
The total number of passengers on the ship, excluding crew members, was 1316 people, that is, the captain had the opportunity to save 90% of the passengers. Class III men were able to get on deck only towards the end of the evacuation, and therefore even more crew members were saved in the end. Numerous clarifications of the causes and facts of the shipwreck confirm that the responsibility for how many people died on the Titanic rests entirely with the captain of the liner.
Memoirs of eyewitnesses of the tragedy
All those who pulled out a lucky ticket from a sinking ship to a lifeboat received unforgettable impressions from the first and last flight liner Titanic. The facts, the number of dead, the causes of the disaster were obtained thanks to their testimony. The memoirs of some of the surviving passengers were published and will forever remain in history.
In 2009, Millvina Dean, the last woman survivor of the Titanic, passed away. At the time of the shipwreck, she was only two and a half months old. Her father died on a sinking liner, and her mother and brother escaped with her. And although the memories of that terrible night the woman was not remembered, the catastrophe made such a deep impression on her that she forever refused to visit the shipwreck site and never watched feature films and documentaries about the Titanic.
In 2006, at an English auction, where about 300 exhibits from the Titanic were presented, the memoirs of Ellen Churchill Candy, who was one of the passengers on the ill-fated flight, were sold for 47 thousand pounds.
The published memoirs of another Englishwoman, Elizabeth Shuts, helped in compiling a real picture of the catastrophe. She was the governess of one of the first class passengers. In her memoirs, Elizabeth indicated that the lifeboat she was evacuated to had only 36 people, only half of the total available seats.
Indirect causes of the shipwreck
In all sources of information about the Titanic, the main cause of its death is a collision with an iceberg. But as it turned out later, this event was accompanied by several indirect circumstances.
In the course of studying the causes of the disaster, part of the ship's skin was raised to the surface from the bottom of the ocean. A piece of steel was tested, and scientists proved that the metal from which the hull of the liner was made was of poor quality. This was another reason for the crash and the reason for how many people died on the Titanic.
The ideally smooth surface of the water prevented the discovery of the iceberg in time. Even a slight wind would have been enough for the waves breaking on the ice to make it possible to detect it before the collision occurred.
The unsatisfactory work of the radio operators, who did not inform the captain in time about the ice drifting in the ocean, is too high speed movement, which did not allow the ship to quickly change course - all these reasons together led to the tragic events on the Titanic.
The sinking of the Titanic is the worst shipwreck of the 20th century.
A fairy tale that turned into pain and horror - this is how you can characterize the first and last voyage of the Titanic liner. True story catastrophe even after a hundred years is the subject of controversy and investigation. The death of nearly 1,500 people with empty lifeboats is still unexplained. Every year more and more new causes of the shipwreck are named, but none of them is able to return the lost human lives.
105 years ago, on the night of April 14-15, 1912, the legendary Titanic sank. This catastrophe has been described in hundreds of articles, books, films... And why exactly is the sinking of the Titanic attracting such attention?
I agree that the sinking of the Titanic is one of the biggest maritime disasters. But not the biggest one. If in terms of the number of victims - much more people died in
If we talk about catastrophes that occurred outside of hostilities, then in terms of the number of victims, the Titanic ranks third here. The sad leadership is behind the Doña Paz ferry, which collided with an oil tanker in 1987. More than 4,000 people died in the collision and subsequent fire. Second place holds a wooden paddle steamer"Sultana", which sank on April 27, 1865 on the Mississippi River near Memphis due to the explosion of a steam boiler and fire. Total number more than 1,700 people died on the ship.
So why exactly is the Titanic attracting so much attention?
« Titanic» ( R.M.S. Titanic)- a British steamer of the White Star Line, the second of three twin steamers of the Olympic type. largest passenger liner world at the time of its construction.
Laid down March 31, 1909 at the shipyards of the Harland & Wolf shipbuilding company in Queens Island (Belfast, Northern Ireland), launched on May 31, 1911, passed sea trials on April 2, 1912.
On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the ship, the Titanic Museum was opened at the Harland and Wolf shipyard.
In the photo, the workers are just a small number among the 15,000 people who created the Titanic.
Specifications:
Gross tonnage 46328 registered tons, displacement 66 thousand tons.
Length 268.98 m, width 28.2 m, distance from the waterline to the boat deck 18.4 m.
Height from the keel to the tops of the pipes - 52.4 m;
Engine room - 29 boilers, 159 coal furnaces;
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by 15 watertight bulkheads in the hold, creating 16 conditionally watertight compartments; the space between the bottom and the flooring of the second bottom was divided by transverse and longitudinal partitions into 46 watertight compartments.
Maximum speed 24-25 knots.
During the first voyage on April 14, 1912, she collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes. There were 1,316 passengers and 908 crew members on board, for a total of 2,224 people. Of these, 711 people were saved, 1513 died.
The Titanic disaster has become legendary, several feature films have been shot based on its plot. Why is the sinking of the Titanic so legendary?
The Titanic was one of largest ships of that time, the personification of success technical progress. To some extent, it symbolized the very idea of man's victory over nature. "Man - that sounds proud!" - as the classic said.
And on the night of April 14-15, proud humanity received a deafening slap in the face from nature. A huge piece of melting ice quickly and easily sent to the bottom the result of the work of thousands of people who designed and built the "floating palace".
Until now, historians are arguing about the causes of the sinking of the Titanic. Supporters of the "conspiracy theory" put forward versions that the Titanic was deliberately sunk to get insurance, that it was torpedoed ...
All this is, of course, nonsense. But without the human factor still not done. More precisely, a combination of mistakes, miscalculations, negligence.
So, already at the construction stage, design miscalculations surfaced. It was believed that the Titanic could, in theory, stay afloat if any two of its 16 watertight compartments were flooded, any three of the first five compartments, or all of the first four compartments. Watertight bulkheads, marked from bow to stern with the letters "A" to "P", rose from the second bottom and passed through 4 or 5 decks: the first two and the last five reached deck "D", eight bulkheads in the center of the liner reached only the deck "E". All bulkheads were so strong that they had to withstand significant pressure when getting a hole.
The first two bulkheads in the bow and the last in the stern were solid, all the rest had sealed doors that allowed the crew and passengers to move between compartments. On the flooring of the second bottom, in the bulkhead "K", there were the only doors that led to the cooling chamber. On decks "F" and "E" in almost all bulkheads there were airtight doors connecting the rooms used by passengers, all of them could be battened down both remotely and manually, using a device located directly on the door and from the deck that reached bulkhead. To batten down such doors on the passenger decks, a special key was required, which was available only to the senior stewards. But on deck "G" there were no doors in the bulkheads.
In the bulkheads "D" - "O", directly above the second bottom in the compartments where the machines and boilers were located, there were 12 vertically closed doors, they were controlled by an electric drive from the navigation bridge. In case of danger or accident, or when the captain or the watch officer deemed it necessary, the electromagnets, on a signal from the bridge, released the latches and all 12 doors fell under the influence of their own gravity and the space behind them turned out to be hermetically closed. If the doors were closed by an electric signal from the bridge, then it was possible to open them only after removing the voltage from the electric drive.
In the ceiling of each compartment was a spare hatch, usually leading to the boat deck. Those who did not have time to leave the room before the doors closed could climb its iron ladder. Here is such a seemingly wonderful design, designed to provide complete security ship.
But in July - October 1909, while on a business trip in England, Russian engineer V.P. Kostenko, a student of the famous shipbuilder A.N. Krylov, drew the attention of the Titanic designer Thomas Andrews to the potential danger that the watertight bulkheads of the ship’s compartments do not reach main deck: "Understand, one small hole and the Titanic will not be."
However, the proud Briton ignored the advice of V.P. Kostenko, which later was one of the reasons for the death of the ship.
In addition, the steel used to plating the Titanic's hull was of poor quality, with a large admixture of phosphorus, which made it very brittle at low temperatures. If the skin had been made of high quality, tough, low phosphorus steel, it would have softened the force of impact to a great extent. The metal sheets would have simply bent inward and the damage to the hull would not have been so serious. Perhaps then the Titanic would have been saved, or at least would have remained afloat for a long time, sufficient to evacuate most of the passengers.
Also, according to the research data, the susceptibility of steel sheathing in cold waters to brittle rupture was revealed, which also accelerated the sinking of the vessel.
It is now also known that the rivets on the Titanic were of poor quality. Conducted research and tests, analysis of procurement documents showed that forged iron rivets were used as rivets, and not steel, as was originally planned. Moreover, these rivets were of poor quality, they contained a lot of third-party impurities, in particular coke, during forging, this coke collected in the heads, further increasing fragility. During the impact of the iceberg, the heads of cheap rivets simply broke, and sheets of 2.5-centimeter steel diverged under the pressure of ice.
In addition, the number of lifeboats was insufficient - due to outdated instructions from the Admiralty. But even those boats that were - were not completely filled. And this is already due to miscalculations in the preparation of the crew of the Titanic.
But they did not save on luxury. The opulence and grandeur of the Titanic's interiors were legendary. There were 762 cabins on the liner, which were divided into 3 classes. Seats were provided for 2566 passengers, and passengers of all classes were provided with unprecedented amenities.
The difference between the luxurious cabins of the first class and the cheapest accommodation in the third class was great: the differences were in everything - in size, decoration and number of rooms. Some third-class cabins had no washbasins or cupboards, things had to be stored in bags and used as pillows, and all the furniture consisted of an iron bed with a straw mattress.
In terms of comfort, luxury and service, the Titanic was comparable to the best hotels of that time and was rightfully considered a "floating hotel" of luxury class.
1st class cabin:
1st class restaurant on deck D:
Smoking room 1st class:
Library:
Gym
What strange sports equipment were then ...
There was even a pool.
Smoking room 2nd class.
Class 3 premises
A bunch of miscalculations led to errors in maneuvering, to a collision with an iceberg, to the fact that the ship quickly sank, and many passengers could not use the boats ... All this is well known and has been described many times.
By the way, an interesting detail. Almost all the women and children from cabins 1 and 2 were saved. More than half of the women and children in Class 3 cabins died as they had difficulty finding their way up through the maze of narrow corridors. Nearly all of the men also died. 323 men (20% of all adult men) and 331 women (75% of all adult women) survived.
On the one hand, this speaks of the class privileges and prejudices of the then society. On the other hand, the fact that there are many men among the dead, and fewer women - tells us that the advanced ideas of feminism had not yet mastered the masses. And it was still customary for women to skip ahead. As historians say, aristocrats and millionaires. those traveling in 1st class could have escaped, but let ladies and children go ahead. Class 3 passengers were not always so gallant, and some rushed to the boats, pushing those who were weaker.
Yes, the then representatives of the elite did not grow up to understand that "whoever does not have a billion can go to hell." (c) And they believed that in life there is something more important than life itself. They could save their skins, but their upbringing and breed did not allow them to put their own lives above all else. And I involuntarily recall the words of Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin that earthly human life is not at all the highest value for a Christian. These words caused a terrible bathhurt among the hard hamsters. Unlike the reactionary priest, the handshake representatives of a progressive society consider their precious lives to be the highest value. Like those passengers of the Titanic who furiously rushed to the boats, pushing women and children aside ...
The fate of the passengers and crew of the Titanic has been the subject of numerous articles. Some of them are really amazing. For example,
In May 2006, at the age of 99, the last American eyewitness who survived the crash of the Titanic died. Swedish-born Lillian Gertrud Asplund (Swedish. Lillian Gertrud Asplund), who was 5 years old at the time of the disaster, lost her father in her and three brothers. Her mother and brother, who was then three years old, survived. They were third-class passengers and escaped in boat number 15. Asplund was the last to remember how the tragedy happened, but she avoided publicity and rarely spoke about this event.
who at the time of the death of the liner was two and a half months old, died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 years. Her ashes were scattered to the wind on October 24, 2009 in the port of Southampton, from where the Titanic began its first and last voyage ...
The crash of the liner was one of the most famous disasters in the history of mankind. In essence, the tragedy of the Titanic became a symbol of the death of what seemed powerful and unsinkable, a symbol of the weakness of human technogenic civilization before the forces of nature. And ahead of humanity were waiting for revolutions, bloody world and local wars...
Therefore, the catastrophe was widely reflected in art, for example, in the movie "Titanic".
The futility of human pride, power and glory - all this was absorbed by the disaster of the Titanic. A century, as a "floating palace" rests at the bottom, becoming a grave for many people.
R.I.P.
Incredible Facts
The sinking of the Titanic is one of the major tragedies of the 20th century.
This is a terrible event ruzheno many myths, conjectures and rumors.
But few people know what happened to the passengers of the fateful flight, who managed to survive the worst maritime disaster of the century.
The following selection of documentary photos will give a complete picture of what happened next with those who managed to escape from the sinking ship.
Passengers of the Titanic photo
Frederick Fleet
In this photo, 24-year-old British sailor Frederick Fleet a few days after the sinking of the Titanic. The guy was the first to spot the iceberg.
He took part in two world wars. In 1965, after a protracted depression, Fleet took his own life.
As for the events on the Titanic, the events developed approximately as follows:
On April 10, 1912, the ship entered its first and last voyage. The huge liner raced at full speed from Southampton to New York.
On April 14, 1912, at 11:39 p.m., Friedrich Fleet spotted an iceberg right on the course, which eventually destroyed the Titanic.
After two hours and 40 minutes, faced with a huge boulder, he went to the bottom.
Of the 2224 people on board the "unsinkable" ship, only about 700 people fit into lifeboats, thanks to which they survived.
The remaining 1,500 died by being left on the sinking ship or died within minutes of falling into the frigid waters of the North Atlantic Ocean.
Shortly before dawn on April 15, the flotilla of survivors was spotted by the steamer Carpathia, which arrived at the site of the sinking of the Titanic. By 9 am, all the surviving passengers were on board the Carpathia.
Photo of the iceberg Titanic
Iceberg that sank the Titanic.
The surviving passengers of the Titanic in boats swim up to the ship Carpathia, April 15, 1912.
All the same surviving passengers after a shipwreck in boats.
Sketch of the sinking Titanic.
A sketch of a sinking ship, drawn by passenger survivor John B. Thayer. Some time later, the drawings were supplemented by Mr. P.L. Skidmore (P.L. Skidmore) is already on board the ship "Carpathia", April 1912.
The surviving passengers of the Titanic are trying to keep warm on board the ship "Carpathia".
When Carpathia made her way to New York, it was decided to send out radio messages. So the news of the ongoing tragedy spread quite quickly.
People were in shock, the relatives of the passengers were in a panic. In search of information about their loved ones, they attacked the offices of the White Star Line shipping company in New York, as well as in Southampton.
Some of the wealthy and famous surviving passengers and victims were identified prior to the Carpathia's arrival at the port.
But relatives and friends of passengers of a lower class, as well as the families of crew members, continued to remain in the dark about the fate of their relatives.
The lack of connections did not allow them to get the news immediately and they had to wait in painful uncertainty.
The Carpathia arrived in New York Harbor on a rainy evening on 18 April. The ship was surrounded by more than 50 tugboats carrying journalists. They shouted, called out to the survivors, offering money for first-hand interviews.
A reporter from one of the major American publications, who at that time was on board the Carpathia, had already managed to interview the survivors. He placed his notes in a floating cigar box and tossed them into the water so the publisher's editor could fish for the message and get the scoop first.
After all lifeboats were launched at Pier 59, owned by the White Star Line. The ship itself docked at Pier 54. In the pouring rain, the ship was greeted by an alarmed crowd of 40,000 people.
People wait for news outside the White Star Line shipping company's office in New York.
Lifeboats, thanks to which several hundred people survived.
Lifeboats at the pier of the White Star Line shipping company in New York, April 1912.
People waiting for Carpathia to arrive in New York.
Huge crowds of relatives and friends stand in the rain, waiting for the arrival of the steamer "Carpathia" in New York, April 18, 1912.
About 40 thousand people are waiting for Carpathia.
Those who managed to survive the fateful voyage on the Titanic in New York were met at the port by family and friends, as well as numerous media representatives.
Someone mourned the dead, someone wanted an autograph, and someone tried to interview the survivors.
The next day, the US Senate called a special hearing on the disaster at the old Waldorf-Astoria hotel.
The entire crew of the Titanic consisted of 885 people, of which 724 people were from Southampton. At least 549 people did not return home from the fatal flight.
Surviving crew members.
Surviving crew from left to right first row: Ernest Archer, Friedrich Fleet, Walter Perkis, George Simons and Frederic Klachen.
Second row: Arthur Bright, George Hogg, John Moore, Frank Osman and Henry Etsch.
People surrounded the Titanic survivor.
A crowd of people in the port of Devonport surrounded a man who survived from the Titanic to hear firsthand how it really happened.
Payment of compensation to victims.
April 1912
J. Hanson, seated right, District Secretary of the National Union of Sailors and Firefighters. The people around him are the survivors of the Titanic, who are receiving compensation as victims of the disaster.
Relatives waiting for the survivors of the Titanic.
People wait on the Southampton railway platform for their loved ones who survived the sinking of the Titanic.
Relatives in Southampton meet their loved ones.
Relatives waiting for the surviving crew members.
Relatives are waiting for the surviving members of the Titanic crew to disembark in Southampton.
People are returning to their homes in England. The disaster claimed the lives of 549 crew members. In total, there were 724 of those from Southampton who worked on the ship, ranging from a sailor to a cook or postman.
Relatives a few minutes before meeting with surviving relatives.
Survivors on the Titanic
Relatives greet shipwrecked relatives who have arrived in Southampton.
A surviving crew member kisses his wife, who was waiting for him on land in Plymouth, April 29, 1912.
Stewards giving evidence after a shipwreck.
The surviving stewards stand outside the courthouse. They are invited to testify to the commission investigating the Titanic disaster.
The surviving passenger of "Titanic" Signs autographs to passers-by.
People who survived on the Titanic
25. The Pasco brothers, members of the crew of the ill-fated ship, were lucky enough to survive all four.
Orphans of the Titanic
April 1912
The miraculously saved two babies could not be identified at first.
The children were later identified as Michel (age 4) and Edmond (age 2) Navratil. To get on the ship, their father took the name Louis Hoffman and used the fictitious names Lolo and Mamon for the children.
The father, with whom the children sailed to New York, died, as a result of which difficulties arose with the real names of the brothers.
However, later they, nevertheless, were able to identify and the kids were safely reunited with their mother.
In this photo, Edmond and Michel Navratil, who have already grown up, are with their mother.
Cameraman Harold Thomas Coffin being interrogated by a Senate committee at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York, May 29, 1912.
29. Child of the Titanic
A nurse holds the newborn Lucien P. Smith. His mother Eloise was pregnant with him when she returned with her husband after honeymoon aboard the Titanic.
The baby's father died in the crash.
Eloise subsequently married another survivor of the dreaded flight, Robert P. Daniel.
And finally, a photograph of the Titanic itself on the day it left on its first and last fateful voyage...
Until December 1987, when the Philippine ferry Doña Paz was wrecked, the sinking of the Titanic remained the largest maritime disaster in terms of the number of victims in peacetime. Informally, it is the most famous disaster of the 20th century.
1496 people died in this disaster. Most of the people died from hypothermia, because the temperature ocean water was −2°С. An hour and a half after the Titanic was completely submerged, the steamship Carpathia arrived at the scene of the tragedy and picked up the survivors in the boats. 712 passengers and crew members were saved.
Frederick Fleet, lookout on the Titanic, who first spotted the iceberg. He survived and later participated in the first and second world wars. In 1965 he committed suicide.
People wait outside the White Star Line offices in New York for news.
April 1912. Boats of the Titanic at the White Star Line, New York.
April 18, 1912. People wait for the arrival of the steamship Carpathia, carrying the survivors of the Titanic, in New York.
Surviving crew members, front row: Ernest Archer, Frederick Fleet, Walter Perkis, George Symons and Frederick Clench. Second row: Arthur Bright, George Hogg, John Moore, Frank Osman and Henry Etches.
A crowd in Devonport listens to a Titanic survivor.
The secretary of the National Union of Sailors and Firefighters pays a monetary reward to the surviving crew members of the Titanic.
Relatives are waiting on the railway platform for the arrival in Southampton of the Titanic survivors.
April 29, 1912. Relatives are waiting for the survivors of the Titanic disaster, on the shore, in Southampton.
April 29, 1912: Relatives greet survivors of the Titanic as they return to Southampton.
April 29, 1912. The stewards who survived the Titanic disaster are waiting for interrogation by the commission to investigate the causes of the accident.
April 29, 1912. The four crew members of the Titanic, the Pasco brothers, who survived, returned to Southampton.
Four-year-old Michel and two-year-old Edmond Navratil. They are known as the orphans of the Titanic - Louis and Lola. They sailed on the Titanic with their father M. Navratil, who died during the disaster. Since the children were toddlers and did not speak English, they could not identify themselves. French-speaking first-class passenger Margaret Hayes took charge of the boys until their mother, Marcel, recognized them from photographs in newspaper articles. Marcel traveled to New York, where she was reunited with her sons on May 16, 1912.
Louis and Lola.
Radio operator Harold Thomas Coffin in front of a Senate commission, at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York.
In this photo taken in November 1912, a nurse holds the newborn Lucien P. Smith in her arms. Lucien's parents, Eloise and Lucien P. Smith Sr., married in February 1912 and were returning on the Titanic from honeymoon trip. She was eighteen, he was twenty-four; she escaped, he died. On board the Carpathia, Eloise met another Titanic survivor, Robert Williams Daniel. It is worth noting that Daniel was one of those men who escaped not because he got into the boat from the deck of the ship, but because he jumped into the water and swam to the already lowered boat.
They married in August 1914, but divorced nine years later, in 1923. In the same 1923, Eloise married a third time, and Robert married a second (but not the last - both of them were married three times). In 1935, he was elected Senator of the State of Virginia and served in this position until his death in 1940, and his son from his third marriage, also Robert Williams Daniel, was elected to the US House of Representatives in 1972 and served there until 1983. . Robert Jr. was four years old when his father died, and he himself lived almost to the centennial anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic - he died on February 4, 2012.
