The Golden Gate is a landmark of which city? Golden Gate (Historical appearance). Golden Gate Museum in Vladimir
The Golden Gate is located in Vladimir and is an outstanding monument ancient Russian architecture. They are part of World Heritage UNESCO.
The Golden Gate was built under Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1164. In addition to defense purposes, the gates also had a triumphal character. They represented the main entrance to the princely-boyar part of Vladimir.
The construction was made using the technique of half-rub masonry, which was widespread in those days in Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. The clear proportions of the passage arch, which was covered with a semi-circular vault, and the elegant church at the top filled the structure with a majestic meaning, corresponding to its purpose.
Only the Golden Gate has survived to this day, although in the time of Andrei Bogolyubsky the city had seven entrance gates: Copper, Silver, Volzhsky, Irininy, Torgovy, Ivanovo and Golden.
From the north and south, close to the gate, there were ramparts with deep ditches on the outside. From the gate there was a bridge across the ditches that went beyond the city limits. The height of the arch was 14 meters. The massive oak gate leaves, which hung on wrought-iron hinges, were closely adjacent to the arched lintel. It has survived to this day. A wooden flooring was made along the top of the lintel, which served as an additional combat platform. The entrance to the site was through a door in the south wall. At the same level, on the other side of the stairs, there was an exit to the southern earthworks. A passage from the platform through a door in the wall led to the ramparts from the north. A staircase in the southern wall led to the upper battle platform, which had battlements in the form of loopholes. In the center of the site there was a white stone gate church in honor of the Position of the Robes of Our Lady.
The gate has survived to this day with extensive modifications. The ancient part of this structure is a passage arch with massive side pylons with a battle platform above them, which has been preserved only in fragments.
Frequent enemy invasions and devastating fires greatly distorted the original appearance of the Golden Gate. According to written sources, it is established that the repair of the gate church was carried out in 1469 under the direction of the sculptor and architect V.D. Ermolin. In 1641, the Moscow architect A. Konstantinov, by order of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, drew up an estimate for the repair of the gate gates, but work began only at the end of the 17th century.
During the great fire in Vladimir in 1778, the gates were on fire. A few years after this, during the implementation of a new regular urban planning, the ramparts that adjoined the walls of the Golden Gate were razed to create a passage. The structures of the gate supports were thereby weakened, and the issue of repair became urgent ancient building. In 1795, according to the design of the architect Chistyakov, buttresses were added to the corners of the pylons, which were enclosed in round towers. The arches of the gate were also rebuilt, and a new brick church was erected on them. The Golden Gate has been preserved in this form to this day.
In the summer of 1991, residents of Vladimir met at the Golden Gate the relics of Seraphim of Sarov, which were solemnly transported from St. Petersburg to Diveevo. In the mid-1990s. above the gates, as in former times, icons of Christ the Savior and the Mother of God were placed.
For the last 50 years, the Golden Gate has been part of the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve. The gate church houses a military-historical exhibition, central place which occupies a diorama that recreates the dramatic events of 1238, when Vladimir defended himself from the assault of Batu’s troops.
Military equipment and weapons from different times are also presented here: spear and arrowheads of the 18th century, combat bolts from a throwing machine, a captured Polish crossbow of the 17th century, chain mail berdysh, flint guns from the time of Catherine, steel, blunderbuss from the times Patriotic War 1812, uniform, rifle, banners and awards of the late 19th century, Turkish captured weapons.
Known Interesting Facts from the history of the Golden Gate. According to N.N. Voronin, in medieval Europe The Golden Gate had no analogues; European architecture of that time was familiar only with purely fortress tower structures, and the Vladimir Golden Gate, in addition to defensive functions, also played the role of a grand entrance, and also served a religious purpose - it housed a functioning church.
According to legend, in 1767, the carriage of Empress Catherine II got stuck in an arch while entering the city. Therefore, on her orders, passages were dug on both sides of the gate.
The city of Vladimir was first mentioned in chronicles in 1108; it was founded by Prince Vladimir Monomakh. By the middle of the 12th century, it became the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality and the most influential settlement in North-Eastern Rus' - even Moscow was once just one of its “suburbs”.
Today Vladimir is one of the largest tourist centers European part of the country, the city is included in the route of the Golden Ring of Russia. We invite you to get acquainted with its main attractions.
Panorama of the Bogolyubov Monastery. Photo: Natalya Volkova / photobank “Lori”
VLADIMIRO-SUZDAL MUSEUM-RESERVE
The Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve introduces the monuments of ancient Russian architecture located in Vladimir, Suzdal, Gus-Khrustalny, Bogolyubovo, Kideksha and Muromtsevo. Among the most valuable objects are monuments of white stone architecture of the 12th–13th centuries: Assumption Cathedral, Golden Gate, Demetrius Cathedral, Suzdal Kremlin and others.
The branches of the museum-reserve in Vladimir contain unique exhibits. In the Historical Museum there is a church chasuble made from the velvet fur coat of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, in the Trinity Church - creations of masters of glass, artistic embroidery and lacquer miniatures, and in the museum complex "Chambers" - paintings by Ivan Aivazovsky and Alexei Savrasov.
CATHEDRAL OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE HOLY VIRGIN
The first stone building of the Assumption Cathedral was built in 1160 by the decision of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. In 1185, the cathedral was damaged by fire - then it was significantly rebuilt by the masters of Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest. In the 15th century, the temple building became a model for the construction of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
In the Assumption Cathedral, a large composition of “The Last Judgment” of 1408, painted by Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny, has been preserved. Here are the most valuable frescoes - “Abraham’s Bosom”, fragments of “The Descent of the Holy Spirit”, “Baptism”, “Transfiguration” and other famous images.
GOLDEN GATE
The Golden Gate is a rare example of ancient Russian defensive structure. The gate was built as the main military and passage building of the city fortress, which was erected in Vladimir by Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky in the middle of the 12th century. The Golden Gate was a powerful tower with a 14-meter arch. Above the vault there was a battle platform, and in the upper part of the tower there was a miniature white stone Temple of the Deposition of the Robe.
Despite fires and enemy raids, the appearance of the Golden Gate remained unchanged until the beginning of the 19th century. Then the building was seriously rebuilt, and the gate church was rededicated. Today at historical building houses a branch of the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve. Here is a diorama depicting the assault on Vladimir by the troops of Khan Batu, a gallery of “Heroes of Vladimir” and other exhibitions.
CATHEDRAL OF DEMITRIUS OF THESSALUNKA
Demetrius Cathedral at the princely court was erected in 1194 by Vsevolod the Big Nest. The temple was consecrated in honor of the Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica. Russian architects, as well as Greek, German and Italian masters, worked on the construction of the cathedral. Demetrius Cathedral is famous for its white stone carvings: the walls of the temple are decorated with about 600 reliefs with images of saints, animals and plants.
Today the Cathedral of Demetrius of Thessalonica is a branch of the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve. The main exhibit of the museum is the ancient building temple with interior decoration. Fragments of frescoes from the 12th century have been preserved here, including the composition “The Last Judgment”.
VLADIMIR ACADEMIC REGIONAL DRAMA THEATER
The theater in Vladimir appeared in 1848, when actor Ivan Lavrov convinced the local governor that every city needed a theater. By the 30s of the 20th century, the capital's newspapers were already writing about Vladimir's productions - the theater's performances were a great success.
A graduate of the Gorky Theater School, Evgeny Evstigneev, a future famous theater and film actor, made his debut on the Vladimir stage as a comedian. In 1971, the creative team moved to the building where the theater is still located today. The new stage opened with the play “Andrei Bogolyubsky”. In the year of its 150th anniversary, the theater was awarded the title “Academic”.
More cultural sites in the cities of the Golden Ring -
Is one of the most beautiful cities Russia. Tourists from all over the country and the world come here to see monuments of Russian military architecture. The most famous among which remains the monument from year to year -. History does not know exactly what year the gate was built, so the year of its foundation is generally considered to be 1164, when the gate was consecrated. Most likely, the gates were built by princely craftsmen and craftsmen. Evidence of this is the princely sign left on one of the blocks. The Zloty Gate was included in the line of city ramparts, which had a total of five entrance gates. However, only one of the five has survived to this day - . In addition to their defensive functions, they were also a decoration, as they formed the main entrance to the richest part of the city. In this sense, they have no analogues among the architecture of the European Middle Ages. Throughout its history, the gate has gone through many rebuildings and reconstructions. Therefore, today they have a slightly different appearance, different from their original appearance, but we can still feel their greatness. There is a legend that tells why the prince called the gate “golden”. According to legend, during the construction of the entrance passage, the gate collapsed and killed 12 people. No one doubted that everyone had died, but Prince Andrei brought an icon of the Mother of God to the scene and began to pray for the salvation of the unfortunate people. When they began to clear the rubble, all the people were alive and unharmed. It was then, in 1164, that the prince ordered a church to be built over the gate and called it Golden. Enough interesting event The history of the gate is that once the carriage of Catherine II got stuck in the arch. To solve this problem, they did not touch the gates, but only dug ditches that would be adjacent to the gates.
For approximately the last half century, the Golden Gate has been part of a structure that unites unique architectural monuments Vladimir region. In the church, located above the gate, there is an exhibition dedicated to the military-historical events of the city. The main place in the exhibition is occupied by a diorama telling the events of 1238, when the Tatar horde broke into Vladimir. Also on display are military equipment and weapons from different times.
An important achievement is that in 1992 the Golden Gate was included in the World Heritage List. Curious tourists from all over the world enjoy visiting this historical monument, wanting to learn more about the culture of the distant 12th century Russia.
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| A country | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject of the federation | Vladimir region | ||
| Urban district | Vladimir city | ||
| Coordinates | 56°08′00″ n. w. 40°25′00″ E. d. | ||
| Internal division | 3 districts | ||
| Based | 990 | ||
| Square | 124.59 km² | ||
| Center height | 150 m | ||
| Population | 356,168 people (2017) | ||
| Density | 2858.72 people/km² | ||
Golden Gate aerial photography (Vladimir):
Golden Gate (Ukraine) - description, history, location. The exact address, phone, website. Tourist reviews, photos and videos.
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What Kiev residents call the Golden Gate, the symbol of their city, is actually a newly rebuilt pavilion. The gate itself, or rather its remains, is inside this massive structure. The reconstruction pavilion was erected to preserve unique monument defense architecture Ancient Rus', which has survived to this day. The Golden Gate performed not only a defensive function, but also served as the main entrance to great city, its attraction. Famous guests and foreign ambassadors were met here. Here the princely squads were seen off, and after the completion of the campaigns the winners were greeted with honors.
The Kyiv Golden Gate got its name from the triumphal gates of Constantinople. This was probably a kind of rivalry with the great Byzantine Empire.
The Golden Gate was built during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise. Some sources say that the date of creation of the monument of defense architecture is considered to be 1164, others call 1037. Latest version confirm the "Tale of Bygone Years", which mentions these Kyiv gates, and the fact that the prince died in 1054. Initially, the gate was a fairly wide arch with a battle platform above it. The site was crowned by the white stone Church of the Annunciation, so that guests knew that they had arrived in a Christian city. The structure amazed with its grandeur and inaccessibility. The Kyiv Gate got its name from the triumphal Golden Gate of Constantinople. Perhaps this is how Rus' competed with the great Byzantine Empire.
In general, the main city gates, built in 1164, differed from similar structures built in Europe. The Church of the Annunciation above the battle tower emphasized that here was the entrance to the Christian city, and the general appearance of the building was more reminiscent of the triumphal Golden Gate of Constantinople.
In 1240, the gate was badly damaged during the attack on Kyiv by Batu Khan. From the notes and drawings of travelers it becomes clear that by the 17th century the fortress was severely destroyed. It was brought into a presentable form only in 1982, when Kyiv celebrated its 1500th anniversary. But the reconstruction was carried out in a hurry, poor-quality concrete and wooden fortifications began to quickly collapse, and the gates fell into disrepair again. The next restoration was carried out in the 21st century, in 2007.
The Golden Gate in Kyiv is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Now inside the pavilion there is a museum where you can see the preserved parts of the fortifications and learn the history of the Golden Gate. There is also a staircase along which you can climb and admire the panorama of modern Kyiv.
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Golden Gate in , are an outstanding monument of ancient Russian architecture, annually attracting increased attention from guests of the city. They were built in 1164, during the reign of the Vladimir prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, in addition to defensive purposes, playing the role of a triumphal structure, symbolizing the greatness and strength of princely power. It was through them that the princely squads entered the city, returning from the battlefields, where they were noisily greeted by the people. The white stone gates are made using the technique of half-rub masonry, widespread in Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. Together with three more gates to the city, which have not survived to this day, the Golden Gate formed a single complex that served as an important link in the defensive system of Vladimir.
The Golden Gate is a massive three-tiered structure, along the edges of which there are low powerful towers with characteristic medieval battlements. Above the second tier, in the middle of which the image of Jesus Christ is clearly visible, there used to be the Deposition of the Robe Gate Church, which hospitably welcomed everyone who came to Vladimir in peace. Nowadays, in its place there is an exposition of the military history museum. Under the arches of the chapel, an impressive diorama attracts attention, which depicts the February events of 1238, when the Mongol-Tatar hordes of Batu Khan captured Vladimir, despite the heroic resistance of its defenders. The diorama is equipped with stereo music and light effects, which makes it look as realistic and spectacular as possible.
For more than 50 years, the Golden Gate has been under the jurisdiction of the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum-Reserve and serves as an integral part of it. Here visitors can see weapons and military equipment different years, including the combat bolts of the throwing machine, used for shots at long distances.
For a long time, the Golden Gate has been shrouded in many legends and myths, many of which researchers still can neither confirm nor refute. In any case, this building is considered one of the symbols that can often be seen on advertising brochures dedicated to the city or on souvenirs readily purchased by tourists.
