The difference between a village and a village according to the law. Rus' is ancient and not quite: Village, village, settlement

Often we confuse such concepts as a village and a village. Even the inhabitants of such settlements cannot accurately determine the differences, and often confuse these concepts. So what is the difference between a village and a village? Let's look into this issue.

Village

Since ancient times, the main difference between a village and a village was that a church should be present in the villages, but they were absent in the villages. Naturally, later disagreements began to arise with the definition of the settlement during the censuses, but the usual names could be preserved for a long time. So, for example, in the village of Logduz, which is located in Vologda region, the church was built after receiving the status of a village, but it still had its status as a village. This was the case before the revolution of 1917. Now the boundaries are more blurred, therefore, for many settlements certain names have been preserved that do not correspond to the definition.

What is the difference between a village and a village from a linguistic point of view? Most often, the names of villages end in –ka, for example, Petrovka, Morozovka, but, in no case, Rublyovka. Although, here you can still philosophize.

Village

A village is also a settlement, which includes a church, as well as the presence of settlements, railway stations, farms, villages, and so on. That is, a village is something larger in area than a settlement.

It was previously possible to recognize - a village or a village, just by looking at the endings. Most villages ended in -o, for example, Petrovo, Sheltozero, Ledmozero, and so on.

In many villages, village councils began to oust churches, and enterprises began to move to cities. Therefore, in our time, the boundaries are erased. And it is not surprising if a villager calls it a village, and vice versa. Now these concepts are mixed in our minds.

Settlements - urban and rural, villages, villages ... Surprisingly, all these concepts are by no means synonymous! Each of these terms can only be applied to a very specific type of settlement with strictly defined characteristics. In this article we will try to figure out what is the difference, and how the villages are fundamentally different from the villages.

General definitions

Villages in the old days were called small settlements, for reasons of convenience, located, as a rule, on the banks of a river or lake. A distinctive feature of such residential formations was the absence of a clearly defined "center", in the role of which, at that time, churches or estates of wealthy landowners usually acted. However, the last rule has lost its relevance over time.

Today, a village is a settlement formed by houses of individual development, of which there can be from ten to several hundred in one residential formation. At the same time, with an increase in the number of households, the status of the settlement itself does not change. The main occupation of the villagers to this day is considered to be agriculture and various crafts, such as hunting or fishing.

The exact definition of the term "village" in Russian does not exist to this day. This name is common for naming several types of settlements at once, each of which has its own characteristic features:

• Settlement. The population is from 3 thousand people. Main occupations local residents, as a rule, are outside the sphere of agriculture. Such a settlement is, in a way, an “intermediate link” between the city and the village.
• Worker's settlement. Such settlements are naturally formed at newly created large enterprises (for example, factories), where they then work. most of local residents.
• Rural settlement. Such residential formations, which are considered separate administrative units, are usually characterized by remoteness from major cities and the presence of a clearly defined center (a church, a small industrial enterprise specializing in the processing of products of peasant labor, etc.). The population is 1-2 thousand people. The main occupation of the locals is agriculture; sometimes - crafts.
• Suburban village. Such settlements, as a rule, are formed near large cities and at first are part of them, acquiring the status of independent administrative units only after official separation. For holiday villages, there is no such thing as "locals". Such residential formations often function seasonally, at the expense of urban residents who come to rest.

Common features

As can be seen from the foregoing, both villages and towns have a number of common characteristics:

• A small (in comparison with cities) number of inhabitants.
• Employment of at least part of the resident population of residential education in agriculture.
• Often - a significant remoteness of the object from other (especially large) settlements.

It is also noteworthy that in the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages, in principle, there is no big difference between the terms "village" and "settlement". How justified is the distinction between these concepts for the inhabitants of Russia?

Towns and villages - what's the difference?

Despite the obvious similarities of concepts, there are many fundamental differences between villages and settlements. To determine which type of independent administrative units a particular settlement belongs to, the following reminder will help:

1. Usually settlements are much larger than villages (several thousand local residents versus several hundred).
2. Unlike villages, settlements always have a kind of “center”, around which a settlement is formed (a factory or enterprise, an object of religious worship, etc.).
3. For villagers, agriculture is always the main activity; in the case of settlements, many variations of types of employment are permissible.
4. As a rule, the location of villages is characterized by the proximity of certain "amenities" necessary for a rural person (rivers, lakes, forests rich in game and natural gifts, vast free space that can be allocated for arable land, etc.); in relation to the settlements, such regularities are not observed.

The main difference between a village and a village in Rus' was the presence of a church in the village. Even if the village turned out to be smaller than the nearby overgrown village, it was still considered more important in the administrative concept.

Peasants have always considered building a Temple in a village a prestigious affair.

I remember that I even read as a small wooden church the inhabitants of the neighboring village were dismantled overnight, transported to their place and assembled there. That was how important it was.

In the village there was a village council, trading shops, forges, and craftsmen's enterprises. That is, to a certain extent, the village could be called an analogue of the modern regional center.

Indeed, in pre-revolutionary Russia, only the settlement in which there was a church was called a village. But then the village began to differ from the village in that the villages are few in number, but the villages are larger in their area and population. Parcels are next in size. In addition, it is believed that in the villages and villages they are mainly engaged in agriculture, but in the ambassadors they develop various industries.

Maybe this difference is not relevant now. But in pre-Soviet Russia, a village was called a settlement in which there was a church, and a village was a settlement in which there was no church.

Now they are no different. Earlier, at the beginning of the twentieth century, it was believed that if there is a church, then this is a village, and without a church - a village.

It should be noted that the village is Russian name. Villages were also called settlements both in Russia and in Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine.

IN modern Russia the difference between villages, villages, settlements and similar settlements has been erased.

Often these two terms are used interchangeably. Earlier, before the revolution of 1917, village called the Slavic settlement. It was the administrative and economic center of the surrounding villages. And also the village was called the princely estate in Ancient Rus'. The main difference between the village and the village was the presence of a church in the village. Today there is no difference between village and village, because even if there is a church, the village can be called a village.

The village was the name given to the settlements by the ancient Slavs. The village was a settlement in which the church was necessarily present. The settlements around the village were called villages. In ancient Rus', princely estates were also called slams. In Ukraine and Belarus, such differences never existed and these words were synonymous.

A village used to be called an envoy with a small concentration of population in a small area. The village of thirty houses was already considered a large village. The village got its name for a reason. that there were houses built of wood. Among the ancient Slavs, an arable field was called a village, and after a village a yard was called.

More significant difference villages from the village in those days was that, along with agriculture, there were small processing enterprises, such as sawmills and mills.

Previously, in the name of the sl had a prevailing ending in -oe (Mosalskoe, Kashirskoe, etc.), in the names of the villages the ending was mainly in -o, -u, or consonants (Aksnovo, Kich-Gorodok).

At the present time, by name, neither by the presence of a church, nor by any other signs, a village can not be distinguished from a village. Everything was mixed up in the Oblonskys' house...

Nothing. Since the question is asked in the present tense, the village does not differ from the village in any way at the present time. Once they were divided by the presence of a church in the village and by its absence in the village, and by the number of souls in a particular settlement. Slorey of all and people lived richer in the world than in the villages.

I used to think that a village is in Ukrainian, and a village is in Russian, and the essence is the same - a small settlement, but this judgment turned out to be wrong, since both countries have villages and villages, and the only difference is availability churches in the village. So, in the village there is no e, but in the village - there is.

In pre-revolutionary Russia, a village was a settlement in which there was a church. A church parish in one of the villages could unite several villages. The village was smaller, there could be only a few yards. It's like a small farm.

In Soviet times, churches were closed in most villages, but the village continued to be called a village.

At present, there is no fundamental difference between the village and the countryside. Villages are much larger than villages. Churches were built in them, sometimes more than one.

Village since ancient times, a Slavic settlement was called, a clear difference of which until 1917 was the presence of a church. The village was the administrative and economic center of villages located in neighboring areas. It was believed that the princely estate also belongs to the village. In our time, the differences between the concepts of a village and a village have become blurred and have different definitions.

Village It is a sparsely populated area that occupies a small area of ​​​​the territory. It has no church. The origin of the name village comes from the 18th century, when it was interpreted as a courtyard or an arable field. The common occupation between the countryside and the countryside will remain the occupation: agriculture, farming and cattle breeding.

A considerable part of the population of Russia lives in small settlements, among which there are many villages and villages. At the same time, few people can answer the question and specifically explain what the differences between them are.

In modern Russian, these designations are used as synonyms and have lost their historical context, but there are some features. IN Lately the word "village" has acquired a contemptuous context and is used with the intent to hurt or offend someone.

For example, the well-known phrase about a girl from the village, which she carries with her. There is a derivative insult "hillbilly", which means a simple-minded person with a mediocre level of education.

For this reason, most people prefer to identify their locality as a village, even if it was originally a village. In modern Russian, the words have become synonymous, but the word “village” may become obsolete in a few decades.

Historical context

IN Russian Empire and earlier, the village meant a settlement with several courtyards, in which there is a church. The village also acted as a larger administrative unit in relation to the villages and was the center of social, cultural and spiritual life. After all, in those days the role Orthodox Church in Russia was great, and the population - exclusively believing.

If we draw an analogy with the present, then the village served as a regional center. When its own temple appeared on the territory of the village, it automatically became a village and was center of attraction for people from the surrounding settlements. Indeed, at that time the role of the clergy was more important than today.

The church in the village carried out the following functions:

• conducted church sacraments for local residents;
• preached religious principles;
• taught peasants and peasant children to read and write;
• participated in public discussions.

In the Soviet Union, the village lost its functions, as the institution of the church was destroyed everywhere. At the same time, houses of culture and party structures could be opened both in a large village that had not previously had a temple, or in a village. In this regard, the concepts began to be used as synonyms.

In Russia, rural residents prefer to use the term "village", but the word "village" also does not go out of use.

Settlements that lost their names

Before the Great Russian Revolution of 1917, there were many terms in Russia denoting small settlements, which lost their relevance with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks.

These include: settlement, repairs, zaimka, graveyard, settlement, village, neighborhood. In modern Russian, these terms are completely outdated and are no longer used, since the policy of war communism carried out by the Bolsheviks and the subsequent collectivization made a revolution in the life of the peasants.

A settlement was understood as a settlement of landowners who decided to separate from the village and conduct their activities nearby.

• Pochinok is a new settlement built on a territory where no one has lived before. For example, they cut down a forest for this. One yard was enough to recognize the settlement as repaired.
• Zaimka is a small settlement in Siberia, which has a seasonal character. The peculiarity is the presence of only one yard.
• Pogost is a village where people lived in own houses church ministers.
• Sloboda is a settlement located near the city. In it, free people were engaged in trade and other activities not related to agriculture. It comes from the word "freedom".
• The village is a phenomenon that existed before the abolition of serfdom. The landowner lived in a small settlement, his servants and serf souls.
• The neighborhood is the same as the settlement. It differs only in that the inhabitants are armed and can protect the settlement from robbers.

Today, these terms have disappeared from the Russian language.

Other settlements

Above, we found out that modern differences between the village and the village are present only at the mental level. In general, these words are synonyms and mean the same thing, but the attitude of people towards them is different.

• A modern village (village) is a settlement where agricultural activity is carried out as the main one and a constant number of inhabitants live.
• There are other types of settlements, including stations, towns, urban-type settlements and farms.
• Station - a small settlement, formed near railway where the workers who serve it live. As it grows and with the advent of households, it becomes a full-fledged village.
• The settlement differs from the village in that the activities of the inhabitants are not centered around agriculture. There are resort, industrial and summer cottages.
• PGT is an intermediate stage between the city and the village.
• A farm is a settlement with a small number of houses.

Some people have become incomprehensible. Depicting themselves, but kind of stupid. Moreover, at all levels, from a sewer and a water carrier to an assistant professor (stupid). They came up with a fashion, calling the village a village, a “village” (mine). And everywhere, in texts, songs, conversations, with the light hand of an unknown, writer or artist, solid villages appeared in modern Russia. Having in civilized cities sometimes a negative, negative side in the remarks: “Well, you, village!”
Came to the city from the countryside young man, with some oversight, grinning, they immediately reproach: “Have you come from the village?”

In my memory, there were no villages under Soviet rule. There were only villages and towns. Near our village was the village of Maryevka. There were about twenty-five to thirty houses in this village. It never occurred to anyone to call Maryevka a village. It would probably be vulgar, vulgar and insulting. In any case, the inhabitants would not understand such humor.

My wife was born and raised in a village of ten houses. This residential area was called "Arkhangelsk village"
True, when I made an apartment exchange, with two grandmothers, sisters who decided to live together, one grandmother had a place of birth indicated on her birth certificate: the village of Tarakanovo. The certificate was dilapidated, without a seal, the exchange office asked her to write out a new one, but that village was no longer in sight, as well as the church where she was baptized and issued a certificate. The process promised to be long, and I had to hurry. But everything worked out ... (thanks to my ingenuity and resourcefulness). Otherwise, it would not be known how the whole life would have gone without exchange.

There are urban-type settlements, similar to district villages.
My grandfather was illiterate, my father graduated from educational program. I, being in preschool age, asked them: “What is the difference between a village and a village?” They explained to me that the village is small, but the village is big. For me, this information was enough for the rest of my life. Although there was still a church, a school, a volost government, a first-aid post and other attributes there.
And an elderly, educated woman from the city, when we touched on this topic, was surprised: “I thought that the village was big, big! And the village is so-so, tiny.”
Many "witch doctors" even passionately argue, arguing that a village means a district. And all the rest, not district ones, are villages. What are they taught in school? And what will they teach?
So my grandfather, who was not literate, except for the account, is more respected by me than that associate professor (stupid - according to Kartsev).

1. Before the revolution, a peasant settlement was called a village, where there was a church, while the village, on the contrary, did not have a church.
2. The village united several villages, was something like a center.
3. Villages were smaller in size and with fewer households and residents.
4. Historically, the endings of the names of villages were in -th, and villages in -o.
5. Geographically, the more trap, the more often settlements called "village". Read more: http://thedifference.ru/otlichie-sela-ot-derevni/

Everyone is good!

Green lights flicker near the red ones,
And between them yellow burn.
At the crossroads of our impartial
They sit comfortably on poles.

Favorite city to everyone's surprise,
He holds the industry on his shoulders.
Multi-storey buildings all around.
Here steel is brewed in open-hearth furnaces.

Houses are supplied with heat through pipes.
The kitchens have gas and running water.
In the apartment, the toilet is purely.
Any plant is full of vacancies here.

And how many cities I saw in the life,
Any Russian city majestic
I love the steppe Russian expanse,
It always has a beautiful melon on it.

There are melons, pumpkins, ripening and watermelons,
And there are millions of tomatoes on the plantations.
And fruits, berries are for every taste.
Fields with bread will not cover the eye!

Cattle gives milk and meat,
And chickens lay delicious eggs.
And the cellars are filled with supplies.
In the villages, this is how all the inhabitants live!
- - - - -
10.10.2014 ©Victor Kozlov

Reviews

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Victor, you correctly raised the question, what is the difference between a village and a village.
I didn’t know myself, but when I lived in the village, I wanted to know what the difference was.
I give an extract from the Internet:
Village - this is how the ancient Slavs called the settlements. The village was a settlement in which the church was necessarily present.
The settlements around the village were called villages.
In ancient Rus', princely estates were also called villages.

In Ukraine and Belarus, such differences never existed and these words were synonymous.

Villages used to be called settlements with a small concentration of population in a small area. The village of thirty houses was already considered a large village. The village got its name not because it had houses built of wood.
Among the ancient Slavs, an arable field was called a village, and after a village a yard was called.

Another significant difference between the village and the village in those days was that, along with agriculture, the villages had small processing enterprises, such as sawmills and mills.

Previously, in the names of villages they had a prevailing ending in -th (Mosalsky, Kashirsky, etc.), in the names of villages, the ending was mainly in -o, -y, or consonants (Aksyonovo, Kich-Gorodok).

At the present time, by name, neither by the presence of a church, nor by any other signs, a village can not be distinguished from a village. Everything was mixed up in the Oblonskys' house...

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Special thanks for the poem. You can feel the great talent and love for the village.
I read it with pleasure.

Thank you Galina for your feedback! Let doubting people delve into, understand.
This is useful. I remember on the covers of our school notebooks, where we signed,
what kind of notebook, in arithmetic or grammar, was "city, village, village."
On Far East I filled the city of Svobodny, and here the village of Usmanka. We were driving
to the west, towards civilization, it seems, and here is a collective farm, houses covered with straw, kerosene lamps, no toilets, no radio. And who will hold the headphones "Komsomolets", they were called, or home-made - joy !!! And I think: "What are they happy about, like fools, some kind of headphones."
We had electricity and radio in Svobodny. American Studebaker cars. And then a lorry ragged for the entire collective farm and ZIS-5 in MTSe. Well, the west! Then they got rich, everything became.