What was found in the pressurized cabin on the Titanic. "Ships of Death

And this fact is not surprising, because at the time of construction and commissioning, "" was one of the largest liners in the world. His first voyage, which is also the last, took place on April 14, 1912, because the ship, after a collision with an ice block, sank 2 hours and 40 minutes after the impact (at 02.20 on April 15). Such a large-scale catastrophe has become a legend, and in our time the causes and circumstances of its occurrence are being discussed, feature films are being shot, and researchers continue to study the remains of the liner at the bottom and compare them with photographs of the ship taken in 1912.

If we compare the model of the bow shown in the photo and the remains that now lie at the bottom, it is difficult to call them identical, because the front of the ship was heavily immersed in the silt during the fall. Such a spectacle greatly disappointed the first explorers, since the location of the wreckage did not allow them to inspect the place where the ship hit the ship. ice block without the use of special equipment. The torn hole present in the case, clearly visible on the layout, is the result of hitting the bottom.

The remains of the Titanic are at the bottom Atlantic Ocean, they lie at a depth of about 4 km. The vessel cracked in the process of submerging under water and now its two parts lie on the bottom, at a distance of about 600 meters from one another. Within a radius of several hundred meters near them are multiple debris and objects, including a huge piece of the ship's hull.

Panorama of the bow of the Titanic, the researchers managed to make by processing several hundred images. If you look at it from right to left, you can see the winch from the spare anchor, which sticks out directly above the bow edge, then the mooring device is noticeable, and next to it is an open hatch leading to hold No. 1, breakwater lines go from it to the sides. The lying mast, under which there are two more hold hatches and winches for lifting cargo, is clearly visible on the superstructure deck. The captain's bridge used to be located on the front of the main superstructure, but now it can only be found at the bottom in parts.

On the other hand, the superstructure with the captain's and officer's cabins and the radio room is well preserved, although it is crossed by a crack that has formed in place of the expansion joint. The visible hole in the superstructure is the location of the chimney. Another hole behind the superstructure is the well, where main staircase Titanic. A large torn hole located to the left is the place of the second pipe.

Photo of the main anchor on the port side of the Titanic. It remains a mystery how he did not fall down in the process of hitting the bottom.

Behind the Titanic's spare anchor is a mooring device.

Even 10-20 years ago, on the mast of the Titanic, one could see the remains of the so-called "crow's nest", where the lookouts were located, but now they have fallen off. The only reminder of the "crow's nest" is the hole in the mast, through which the sailors-lookout could get on spiral staircase. The tail behind the hole was once a bell mount.

Comparative photos of the deck of the Titanic, which housed the lifeboats. On the right, you can see that the superstructure on it is torn in places.

The Titanic staircase that adorned the ship in 1912:

Photo of the remains of the ship, taken from a similar angle. Comparing the two previous photos, it's hard to believe that this is the same part of the ship.

Behind the stairs were equipped with elevators for 1st class passengers. Only individual elements remind of them. The inscription, which can be seen in the photo on the right, was opposite the elevators and pointed to the deck. It is this inscription - a pointer directing to deck A (the letter A, made of bronze, has disappeared, but traces still remain).

Deck D, 1st class lounge. Although most of the wooden finish has been eaten away by microorganisms, and individual elements reminiscent of the front staircase have been preserved.

The 1st class lounge and the Titanic restaurant, located on deck D, had large stained glass windows that have survived to this day.

This is exactly what "" would look like along with the largest modern passenger liner, which is called "Allure of the Seas».

It was put into operation in 2010. A few comparative values:

Allure of the Seas has 4 times the displacement this characteristic at the Titanic;
a modern liner - the record holder has a length of 360 m, which exceeds "" by 100 m;
maximum width of 60 m compared to 28 m of shipbuilding legend;
the draft is almost the same (almost 10 m);
the speed of these ships is 22-23 knots;
the number of command staff of "Allure of the Seas" - more than 2 thousand people (attendants "" - 900 people, mostly they were stokers);
the passenger capacity of the giant of our time is 6.4 thousand people (y - 2.5 thousand).

On the night of April 14-15, 1912, the Titanic, the most modern passenger liner at that time, making its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, collided with an iceberg and soon sank. At least 1,496 people died and 712 passengers and crew were rescued.

The Titanic disaster very quickly acquired a mass of legends and conjectures. At the same time, for several decades, the place where lost ship, remained unknown.

The main difficulty was that the place of death was known with very low accuracy - it was about an area 100 kilometers in diameter. Given the fact that the Titanic sank in an area where the depth of the Atlantic is several kilometers deep, the search for the ship was very problematic.

Titanic. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

The bodies of the dead were going to be raised with dynamite

Immediately after the shipwreck, the relatives of wealthy passengers who died in the disaster proposed to organize an expedition to raise the ship. The initiators of the search wanted to bury their loved ones and, to be honest, to return the valuables that had gone to the bottom along with their owners.

The decisive attitude of the relatives stumbled upon a categorical verdict of experts: technologies for searching and lifting the Titanic from great depth at that time it simply did not exist.

Then a new proposal was received - to drop dynamite charges to the bottom at the alleged site of the disaster, which, according to the authors of the project, were supposed to provoke the ascent from the bottom of the corpses of the dead. This dubious idea also did not find support.

Started in 1914, the First World War postponed the search for the Titanic for many years.

The interior of the veranda for first-class passengers on the Titanic. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Nitrogen and ping pong balls

Again, the search for a liner was discussed only in the 1950s. At the same time, proposals for possible ways lifting it from freezing the hull with nitrogen to filling it with millions of ping-pong balls.

In the 1960s and 1970s, several expeditions were sent to the Titanic sinking area, but all of them were not successful due to insufficient technical training.

In 1980 Texas oil tycoon John Grimm financed the preparation and conduct of the first large expedition to search for the Titanic. But, despite the availability of the most modern equipment for underwater searches, his expedition ended in failure.

Played a major role in the discovery of the Titanic ocean explorer and part-time US Navy officer Robert Ballard. Ballard, who was involved in the improvement of small unmanned underwater vehicles, back in the 1970s became interested in underwater archeology and, in particular, the secret place of the sinking of the Titanic. In 1977, he organized the first expedition to search for the Titanic, but it ended in failure.

Ballard was convinced that it was possible to find the ship only with the help of the latest deep-sea submersibles. But it was very difficult to get such at your disposal.

Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Dr. Ballard's Secret Mission

In 1985, having failed during an expedition on the French research vessel Le Suroît, Ballard moved to the American ship R / V Knorr, with which he continued the search for the Titanic.

As Ballard himself told many years later, the expedition, which became historic, began with a secret deal concluded between him and the command of the Navy. The researcher really wanted to get the Argo deep-sea research apparatus for his work, but the American admirals did not want to pay for the work of the equipment to search for some kind of historical rarity. The ship R / V Knorr and the apparatus "Argo" were supposed to carry out a mission to survey the sites of the death of two American nuclear submarines "Scorpion" and "Thresher", which sank back in the 1960s. This task was secret, and the US Navy needed a person who would not only be able to perform the necessary work, but also be able to keep it secret.

Ballard's candidacy was ideal - he was famous enough, and everyone knew about his passion for finding the Titanic.

The explorer was offered: he could get the Argo and use it to search for the Titanic if he first found and explored the submarines. Ballard agreed.

Only the leadership of the US Navy knew about the Scorpion and Thresher, for the rest, Robert Ballard simply explored the Atlantic and searched for the Titanic.

Robert Ballard. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

"Comet tail" at the bottom

He coped with the secret mission brilliantly, and on August 22, 1985 he was able to start searching for the liner that died in 1912 again.

None of the most advanced technology would have ensured his success if it were not for the experience accumulated earlier. Ballard, when examining the sites of the death of submarines, noticed that they left a kind of " comet tail from thousands of debris. This was due to the fact that the hulls of the boats were destroyed when sinking to the bottom due to the enormous pressure.

The scientist knew that when diving on the Titanic, they exploded steam boilers, which meant that the liner had to leave a similar "comet tail".

It was this trail, and not the Titanic itself, that was easier to detect.

On the night of September 1, 1985, the Argo apparatus found small debris at the bottom, and at 0:48 the camera recorded the Titanic's boiler. Then it was possible to find the bow of the ship.

It was found that the bow and stern of the broken liner are located at a distance from each other, at a distance of about 600 meters. At the same time, both the stern and the bow were seriously deformed when diving to the bottom, but the bow was still better preserved.

Ship layout. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Home for underwater inhabitants

The news of the discovery of the Titanic became a sensation, although many experts were quick to question it. But in the summer of 1986, Ballard implemented new expedition, during which he not only described in detail the ship at the bottom, but also made the first dive to the Titanic on a manned deep-sea vehicle. After that, the last doubts dissipated - the Titanic was discovered.

The last shelter of the liner is located at a depth of 3750 meters. In addition to the two main parts of the liner, tens of thousands of smaller fragments are scattered along the bottom in an area of 4.8 × 8 km: parts of the ship's hull, remains of furniture and interior decoration, dishes, personal belongings of people.

The wreckage of the ship was covered with multi-layered rust, the thickness of which is constantly growing. In addition to multi-layered rust, 24 species of invertebrates and 4 species of fish live on and near the hull. Of these, 12 species of invertebrates clearly gravitate towards the wreckage, eating metal and wooden structures. The interiors of the Titanic are almost completely destroyed. Wooden elements were swallowed by deep sea worms. The deck decks are covered in a layer of clam shells, and rust stalactites hang from many of the metalwork.

Wallet recovered from the Titanic. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

All that's left of the people is shoes?

In the 30 years that have passed since the discovery of the ship, the Titanic has been rapidly collapsing. His state of the art such that there can be no talk of any lifting of the ship. The ship will forever remain at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

There is still no consensus on whether human remains have been preserved on and around the Titanic. According to the prevailing version, all human bodies have completely decomposed. However, periodically there is information that some researchers still stumbled upon the remains of the dead.

But James Cameron, director of the famous movie "Titanic", on personal account who has more than 30 dives to the liner on Russian deep-sea submersibles "Mir", I am sure of the opposite: "We saw shoes, boots and other shoes at the site of the sunken ship, but our team has never encountered human remains."

Things from the "Titanic" - a profitable product

Since the discovery of the Titanic by Robert Ballard, about two dozen expeditions have been carried out to the ship, during which several thousand items have been raised to the surface, ranging from personal belongings of passengers to a piece of plating weighing 17 tons.

It is impossible to establish the exact number of items raised from the Titanic today, since with the improvement of underwater technology, the ship has become a favorite target of "black archaeologists" who are trying to get rarities from the Titanic by any means.

Robert Ballard, lamenting this, remarked: “The ship is still a noble old lady, but not the lady I saw in 1985."

Things from the Titanic have been sold at auction for many years and are in great demand. So, in the year of the 100th anniversary of the disaster, in 2012, hundreds of items went under the hammer, including a cigar box that belonged to the captain of the Titanic (40 thousand dollars), a life jacket from the ship (55 thousand dollars), a master key first class steward ($138,000). As for the jewelry from the Titanic, their value is measured in millions of dollars.

At one time, having discovered the Titanic, Robert Ballard intended to keep this place a secret so as not to disturb the resting place of one and a half thousand people. Perhaps he didn't do it in vain.

On April 14, 1912, lookout Frederick Fleet spotted an iceberg on the course of the liner on which he served. Unfortunately, it was already too late: a minute later the ship received holes and began to sink under the water. And after another two hours, it broke into 2 parts and sank. Of the 2,224 people, only 712 managed to escape.

About half an hour passed after the collision, when the captain ordered the lifeboats to be launched and a distress signal sent out. But the passengers refused to evacuate the ship, because it did not look like a wreck, the push was not felt, everything worked and there were no signs of an impending tragedy. Therefore, the boats sailed from the Titanic half empty.

Only an hour and a half later, the passengers realized the scale of the disaster. Panic ensued, and fighting began for seats in the boats. The advantage during the evacuation, of course, was received by travelers of the first and second class, and among them, first of all, women and children. Those who bought third-class tickets had practically no hope of salvation.

Seven vessels responded to the distress call.

The ship "Carpathia" managed to come to the rescue. It was he who picked up 712 survivors. At that time, there were still many people in the water who kept afloat, but the people in the boats were afraid to approach the crash site.

Titanic in 1912.

The iceberg that the Titanic is believed to have collided with.

Frederick Fleet, 24, was the first person to spot an iceberg on the course of the Titanic.

Survivors from the Titanic approach the steamship Carpathia.

Survivors aboard the Carpathia.

The survivors wrap themselves in warm clothes aboard the Carpathia.

People wait for news at the door of the White Star Line shipping company in New York.

People wait in the rain for the arrival of the Carpathia in New York.

The Titanic's boats have been returned to the pier owned by the White Star Line.

Survivors of the crew of the Titanic.

The survivors of the first class service personnel are in line for interrogation.

The four Pasco brothers managed to survive the shipwreck.

Relatives wait for Titanic survivors at Southampton railway station.

Relatives await survivors in Southampton.

Southampton. Survivors waiting.

Meeting survivors of a shipwreck.

The surviving crew member hugs and kisses his wife, who came to meet him in Plymouth.

A crowd in Devonport gathered to listen to the story of one of the survivors.

Issuance of monetary compensation to surviving passengers.

Cameraman Harold Thomas Coffin is being interrogated in New York.

The survivor gives the woman an autograph.

"Orphans of the Titanic" Michel (4 years old) and Edmond Navratil (2 years old). The only adult accompanying them - their father - died, and the brothers, due to their age, could not be immediately identified.

The nurse holds the newborn Lucien Smith in her arms. His mother Eloise became pregnant with him during their honeymoon aboard the Titanic.

Original taken from vesente to the Titanic - history raised from the bottom

During my New Year's stay in Estonia, an exhibition of items recovered from the Titanic was held in Tallinn. It would seem, what is the connection between them? The exhibition is temporary from 11/15/13 to 03/31/2014, which, as I understand it, is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the liner's death. Perhaps the exhibition will reach Russia.

In the meantime, what did I see at this exhibition?

Titanic is a legendary story, the name alone attracts the attention of the public, in which Hollywood played a significant role. In particular, James Cameron, who directed the film of the same name, which collected seemingly unthinkable more than $ 2 billion at the worldwide box office. Even after its death, the history of the Titanic continues to set records.

The beginning of the 20th century was a time of optimism and progress. The development of technology has given humanity such marvels of technology as the automobile, airplane, cinema, telegraph and skyscrapers. The development of international trade has intensified the movement of people, mail and goods. Ocean-going ships have become larger, faster and more luxurious, being the main way to travel on long distance, in anticipation of the era of aviation.

In the 19th century, many went in search of a better life overseas to America. The main criterion for navigation was speed, and passengers sought to get on the fastest ship. The size and speed of ships grew rapidly, but this exacerbated certain inconveniences, such as strong vibration. By the beginning of the 20th century, the proportion of wealthy people increased among passengers, and highest value acquired comfort and luxury.

Project Bureau

By the beginning of the 20th century, the speed ocean liners almost doubled compared to the middle of the 19th century, and already exceeded 20 knots (37 km / h). The Titanic was built fast, but not the fastest, because Ufight Star Line was built on the principle that comfort and convenience are preferable to speed. The liner had to cross the ocean at a speed of about 21 knots (approximately 39 km / h).

On April 10 at 6 o'clock in the morning, the crew of the Titanic boarded and prepared to receive passengers. A little later, the captain arrived, and together with a representative of the Ministry of Commerce, they examined the ship. Everything was in order and the Titanic was allowed to go to sea.

At 9.30 a train with passengers of the second and third class arrived at the port, at 11.30 passengers of the first class arrived. The last captain greeted personally, accompanied by an orchestra.

At noon, blowing three whistles, highest achievement engineering thought set out on its first and last journey. The Titanic was due to arrive in New York on the morning of April 17th.

I wonder if the history of the greatest passenger liner at that moment, such a long historical trail, get to New York safely?

Few numbers:
- 53 meters in height.
-28 meters wide. It was possible to put 8 Ford cars in width.
- 59000 hp - this is the same number as 79 modern Lamborghini Venenos.
- 42 km / h was maximum speed at the Titanic

In 1896, Schuyler S. Wheeler created the first electric fan with two blades. The electric motor rotated the shaft in which the rotor was mounted. At the beginning of the 20th century, fans were used only in commercial enterprises and wealthy households.

"Thermotank" allowed to heat the room with warm air. By turning the knob of the regulator, the passenger could change the amount of heat entering the cabin by setting the blinds to open, closed, or an intermediate state.

In terms of comfort, luxury and service, the Titanic was comparable to the most the best hotels of that time and was rightfully considered a "floating hotel" of luxury, making passengers forget that they are at sea. There was a swimming pool on board. Turkish bath, hair salon, gym with exercise equipment, squash court, photo lab, luxury dining rooms and cafes. Many first-class cabins had baths, and the most expensive suites had their own promenade decks. A valuable opportunity that passengers actively used to communicate with household members was the telegraph.

At the beginning of the 20th century, all ship passengers were divided into 3 classes according to their status. Persons belonged to the first class high origin, wealthy production workers, eminent actors, singers and writers. They had the most luxurious cabins at their disposal. Second class passengers, mostly wealthy people respected professions such as university professors, priests and officials.

The most significant part of the passengers - the third class, were people who went overseas in search of a better life. They were mostly impoverished workers and peasants. Passengers of different classes on the ship were separated from each other, for them there were separate rooms for spending time, they were preparing food in different places and they walked on different decks.

First class cabin

The Titanic could carry more than 750 first class passengers. All cabins for them were spacious, finely decorated and could compete with the best hotels in the world. All cabins had baths, hot and cold water, lots of cabinets. Some first class cabins connected to the saloon.

The most expensive suites cost $4,500 (currently €76,000).

Tap hot water and floor tiles

The promenade deck, or "A" deck, was reserved for first-class passengers only. In addition to the apartments, there were the most luxurious rooms, including a reading and smoking room, a cafe on the veranda.

Fragment of the promenade deck bench

smoking salon

If the smoking room was intended for men of the first class, then the reading room was for women from the first class. Comfort was created by furniture in the Gregorian style, stucco cornices and a fireplace.

Traveling ladies, sitting in the warmth of the fireplace, could read their favorite novels here, write letters, watch what was happening on the promenade deck through the window.

Reading Salon

The Turkish bath for the first class was one of the most comfortable rooms on the ship. There was a steam room, a warm and cold room, a relaxation room and, finally, a massage room. The most innovative thing about the Turkish bath was the heated beds.

In order to give more space exotic look, curtains from Cairo hung from the portholes, as well as bronze lamps in the Arabic style. Entrance to the bath was paid - 1 dollar (17 euros).

The main resting place was a 150-meter promenade, on both sides of the deck. Here, first-class passengers could, sitting on deck chairs or strolling, admire the sea and enjoy conversation. Also, the spacious promenade deck was a favorite place for the children of the first passengers: there was room to run around.

On the Titanic, first-class passengers had a superbly equipped gymnasium at their disposal. There were two exercise bikes, rowing and riding simulators. You could use electric machines to massage your back and abdomen, and for $1 you could rent a tennis court for half an hour. lovers water procedures could swim in the ship's pool with heated water. Worldwide, only two ships had such pools.

The internal parade ladder of the Titanic was undoubtedly one of the main places of interest. It was located in the bow of the ship, between the boat and saloon decks, so that first-class passengers could use it to move between upper decks. The internal staircase was topped with a dome of iron and stained glass, through which daylight filled everything around.

From the boat deck, a parade ladder led down to D-Deck, where there were first-class lounges and dining rooms. From there one could get to E-Deck, where some of the first-class quarters were located.

The Titanic's second class cabins were comparable to the first class cabins of other liners and cost accordingly. Second class passengers were offered a variety of amenities that were available only to first class on other ships, such as an elevator, a library, reading room, promenade deck. The second-class dining room, located on the saloon deck of the Titanic, was paneled in oak in the 17th century style and seated 394 people.

For this reason, the table was served here in several shifts. During the first meal, many second-class passengers thought they had inadvertently wandered into the first-class cabin. Since the galleys for the first and second class were combined on the liner, the passengers of the second class ate almost the same as the passengers of the first class.

Refractory clay baking dish. The dishes were stored in a cabinet, over time the cabinet decomposed and the dishes remained lying on the bottom in the sand.

Passengers of the 3rd class were mostly emigrants of different nationalities. Before boarding the ship, third-class passengers were required to undergo a medical examination and for the presence of lice.

Third class cabins

The interior of the third-class dining room was simple, but the hall could accommodate more than 470 people. Where other ships had benches bolted to the floor, the Titanic had comfortable chairs that created the atmosphere of an inexpensive restaurant. The choice of dishes was not as rich as in the first and second class, but the portions were large and tasty.

4 meals were offered daily - tomorrow, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. Tomorrow consisted of a boiled egg, oatmeal, bread and marmalade. There was soup for dinner. meat dish, hot dessert and fruits. In the afternoon tea was served a hot dish, a light dessert and tea. Cheese, oatmeal jelly and coffee were offered for the evening.

Crew. The ship's personnel consisted of more than 900 people, but according to various estimates, 885 went on the first voyage. The crew was divided into three parts: the deck crew (officers and sailors), the engine crew and the serving staff. The hardest work was done by stokers and trimmers. More than half of the crew members were busy serving passengers. When designing the vessel, they proceeded from the principle that the non-service part of the crew should in no case intersect with passengers. There were only 23 women in the huge crew.

April 14, Sunday. It was day 5 of the Titanic's voyage. People have already become accustomed to the hustle and bustle, amenities and everything that the most comfortable liner in the world could offer. Already preparing for the arrival in New York, which was expected in three days. It was even easier for the captain, since there was no mandatory inspection of the ship on Sunday.
Sunday was calm and quiet, on this day there were no celebrations, no dancing. A service was held in the First Class Dining Room led by Captain Smith himself. In the evening, a dinner party in honor of the captain was held at the A la Carte restaurant. As a rule, Ufight Star Line ships had exercises on Sundays during which all passengers and crew members were required to gather in life jackets at certain places on the boat deck. The captain of the Titanic canceled this exercise ...

Ice Warnings.

9.00 "Caronia"

13.42 "Baltic II"

13.45. "America"

19.42. "California"

21.40 Mesaba

22.40 "California"

Not a single ice warning, for various reasons, was transmitted to the captain's bridge ....

In total, the radio operators have received more than twenty reports of icebergs since sailing. But they were perceived as advice, not real threat. The officers and the captain were sure that in such weather, standing in the Antarctic, they would be able to see the danger in advance. Nevertheless, precautions were taken - the deck hatch in the bow was closed so that the light coming from there did not interfere with the view of the ocean surface from the bridge and from the mast basket.

Watch sailor. On April 14, 1912, Frederick Fleet was on watch from ten in the evening until midnight. The officers repeatedly reminded him and his partner, sailor Reginald Lee, of the need to be extremely careful, since the ship was in the area of icebergs. The absence of the moon and the almost smooth sea made it more difficult to detect the iceberg than usual, because the iceberg was usually detected by reflected light or spray from the waves.

23.40. A huge iceberg appears in the path of the world's greatest ship. The watchman strikes the bell three times and shouts: "The iceberg is straight ahead!"

The iceberg caused six small holes 90 meters long, as a result, 5 watertight compartments began to flood. More than 1000 liters entered the ship's hull every second.

The exhibition has a large icicle in which you can leave your imprint.

People who were in different parts of the ship heard and felt the rattle and impact from the collision in different ways. A few minutes later, the Titanic stopped. If on the bridge at first it seemed that the worst had been run over, the next twenty minutes revealed the seriousness of the situation.

After the collision, the designer of the Titanic, Thomas Andrews Jr., inspects the damage and informs the captain of the fateful news: With two flooded permeable compartments, the ship can stay afloat. It will withstand even four flooded compartments, but the resulting damage will lead to the inevitable death of the ship. The Titanic is doomed. 25 minutes after the collision, the captain gave the order to put women and children into the boats.

On the night of April 14, 1912, the water temperature in North Atlantic was -2 C. Salty water freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water. So the water was colder than the fatal iceberg. Most people did not drown, but died of hypothermia.

Help. The first ship to respond to the sos message was the Karpatia, which was at a distance of 93 km. Having received a request for help, it changed course and, at full speed, headed for the distressed Titanic, arriving at the scene four hours later.

The ship "California" was closer, 19 km, and although they saw missiles fired from the Titanic, the captain did nothing to come to the rescue.

Boats. According to the original design, there were supposed to be 32 boats, but their number was reduced to 20, because they took up too much space on the deck. However, for those times, according to existing rules, this was more than enough: maximum capacity 20 boats were 1178 people, and it was supposed to provide 1060 seats.

Only two boats had the prescribed number of people, in the first seven boats there were only 160 people. This is due to the fact that, by order of the captain, at first only women and children were put in them.

Margaret Brown.

She took control of the boat when she noticed that the helmsman, Robert Hitchens, began to behave inappropriately. She ordered other women to row with her and encouraged them with stories and songs.

Ilda Strauss.

The wife of Mary's department store owner refused to board boat number eight without her husband. "We have always been with him, together we will die."

Musicians. As soon as the passengers began to take their seats in the boats, Herbert McElroy, the chief treasurer of the ship, gathered the musicians and ordered them to play so that the passengers would remain calm. They played excerpts from different works, each time taking more and more cheerful passages. The musicians were private entrepreneurs, no one offered them to lead the boats, but also they were not offered evacuation along with the passengers. None of them survived.

Bruce Ismay. The director of the White Star Line sat down in a folding lifeboat"C", while many women and children have not yet been evacuated. Climbing aboard the Carpathia, which came to the rescue, he demanded a separate cabin for himself, from which he did not leave until his arrival in New York. Until the end of his days, he was haunted by universal contempt.

First class passengers: 199 fallen asleep, 125 dead.

Second class passengers: 116 survivors, 168 dead.

Third class passengers: 181 survivors, 529 dead.

The Titanic lies at a depth of 4 kilometers, 740 kilometers from the island of Newfoundland. Having broken, it sank, and the bow and stern parts of the hull lie at a distance of 600 meters from each other. The bottom space between them is littered with various objects.

The idea to find the Titanic was expressed as early as 1912, but it was technically impossible then. The ship was discovered only 73 years after the crash, in 1985. A more detailed study of the wreckage confirmed the version of the ship breaking into two parts, which was previously considered unlikely.

In 1987-2004, RMS Titanic Inc, together with France and Russia, organized a number of expeditions to explore and recover objects from the sunken liner, collecting more than 5,500 objects from the sea. During the 2010 expedition, with the help of deep-sea vehicles, the boundaries of the archaeological find were determined, the first echolocation image of the vessel's position was compiled and three-dimensional video frames were taken high resolution, with which scientists can explore the Titanic in a way that was previously inaccessible. Remote control modules connected to the mother ship with a cable collect data. The best visibility and angle, scientists still get from inhabited bathyscaphes. Diving to the "Titanic" lasts 12-15 hours, of which 2-2, 5 is spent on diving and lifting.

These postcards were found in a bag tied with ribbon, along with 120 other postcards from different places belonged to Howard Irwin.

Disputes over ownership began immediately after the discovery of the vessel, as it sank in international waters. After long litigation, exclusive ownership passed in 1993 to RMS Titanic Inc, which retains it to this day.

The investigation of what happened began already 4 days after the disaster. A special commission in New York interviewed the survivors and tried to find out the circumstances of the disaster. The investigation was conducted for 8 days, but little was found out. A more thorough investigation was carried out in England. Conclusions and recommendations formed the basis of safety legislation.

Change in safety of navigation. After the disaster, the radio operators had to be on duty in the radio room 24 hours a day and there had to be a direct connection with the captain's bridge. The requirements for the conditions for the design and construction of ships, as well as the location and strength parameters of watertight bulkheads, were tightened.

And by the way, unsinkable Titanic named New York Times, after his death.

In September 1985, under the leadership of the famous oceanologist Robert Ballard, an American-French expedition discovered one detail of the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean - a steam boiler. Soon the remains of the ship itself were also found.
Thus ended the long-term search for the sunken legendary ship, which was carried out by independent researchers, but for some time was unsuccessful due to incorrect coordinates of the shipwreck.
The discovery of the remains of the Titanic opened a new page in its history of death. Only with time did the answers to numerous questions related to the disaster become known, and many facts that were considered irrefutable turned out to be, unfortunately, incorrect.
This post is dedicated to the Titanic, which rests at the bottom of the ocean at a depth of four kilometers. You will see modern photos Titanic and you can compare them with archival black and white photographs. This post will surely interest you with its mystery and mystery.

The Titanic sank in the Atlantic at a depth of almost 4 km. During the dive, the ship broke into two parts, which now lie on the bottom about six hundred meters apart. A lot of debris and objects are scattered around them, incl. and a pretty big piece of the Titanic's hull.

Nose model. When the ship fell to the bottom, the nose was very well buried in the silt, which greatly disappointed the first researchers, because it was impossible to inspect the place of impact on the iceberg without special equipment. The ragged hole in the body, which is visible on the layout, was formed from hitting the bottom.

Panorama of the bow, assembled from several hundred photographs. From right to left: the winch of the spare anchor sticks out directly above the edge of the bow, behind it there is a mooring device, immediately behind it is an open hatch into hold No. 1, from which the breakwater lines diverge to the sides. A fallen mast lies on the deck between the superstructure, under it there are two more hatches into the holds and winches for handling cargo. In front of the main superstructure, there used to be a captain's bridge, which collapsed during the fall to the bottom and is now guessed now only in separate details. Behind the bridge, a superstructure with cabins for officers, a captain, a radio room, etc., has been preserved, which is crossed by a crack formed at the site of the expansion joint. A gaping hole in the superstructure - a place for the first chimney. Immediately behind the superstructure, another hole is visible - this is the well in which the front staircase was located. To the left is something very torn - there was a second pipe.

The nose of the Titanic. The most button accordion object of underwater photographs of the vessel. At the end, you can see a loop on which a cable was put on that held the mast.

The photo on the left shows the winch of the spare anchor towering above the bow.

Main anchor on the port side. It's amazing how he didn't fly down when he hit the bottom.

Spare anchor.

Behind the spare anchor is a mooring device.

Open hatch to hold No. 1. The lid flew off to the side, apparently when it hit the bottom.

There used to be the remains of a “crow's nest” on the mast, where the lookouts were, but ten or twenty years ago they fell off and now only the hole in the mast, through which the lookouts got to the spiral staircase, reminds of the “crow's nest”. The protruding tail behind the hole is the fastening of the ship's bell.

Board of the ship.

Only one of the steering wheels remained from the captain's bridge.

Boat deck. The superstructure on it in some places is either uprooted or torn.

The surviving part of the superstructure in front of the deck. Below on the right is the entrance to the front staircase of the 1st class.

Surviving davits, a bathtub in Captain Smith's cabin and the remains of a steamship whistle that was installed on one of the pipes.

In place of the main staircase, a huge well now gapes. There are no traces of the stairs.

Staircase in 1912

And the same perspective in our time. Looking at the previous photo, it's hard to believe that this is the same place.

Behind the stairs there were several elevators for 1st class passengers. Separate elements have been preserved from them. The inscription, depicted at the bottom right, was placed opposite the elevators and denoted the deck. This inscription belonged to deck A; the bronze letter A has already fallen off, but traces of it remain.

1st class lounge on D deck. This is the bottom of the main staircase.

Although almost all of the ship's wooden trim has long been eaten away by microorganisms, some elements are still preserved here.

The restaurant and the 1st class lounge on D deck were separated from the outside world by large stained glass windows that have survived to this day.

Remains of former beauty.

Outside, the windows are guessed by the characteristic double portholes.

Luxurious chandeliers have been hanging in their places for more than 100 years.

The once-splendid interiors of the 1st class cabins are now littered with debris and debris. In some places you can find preserved elements of furniture and objects.

A few more details. The door to the restaurant on D deck and a sign indicating service doors.

The stokers had their own "front staircase". In order not to meet passengers, a separate staircase led from the boiler rooms to the cabins of the stokers.

Hundreds of items are scattered across the ocean floor, ranging from ship parts to personal belongings of passengers.

Some pairs of shoes lie in a very characteristic position: for some, this place has become a grave.

In addition to personal belongings and items, large parts of the plating are also scattered along the bottom, which they also repeatedly tried to raise to the surface.

If the bow was preserved in a more or less decent condition, then the aft part, after falling down, became a shapeless pile of metal. Starboard.

Left side.

On the promenade deck of the 3rd class, individual details of the vessel are hardly guessed.

One of three huge screws.

After the ship broke into two parts, even steam boilers spilled to the bottom.

The engine room was just at the fault point, and now these giants, the height of a three-story house, are available to the gaze of researchers. piston device.

Both steam engines together.

The dry dock in Belfast, where the final painting of the ship's hull was carried out, still exists as a museum exhibit.

And this is what the Titanic would have looked like against the backdrop of the largest passenger liner of our time, Allure of the Seas, commissioned in 2010.

Comparison in numbers:

The displacement of the "Allure of the Seas" is 4 times greater than that of the "Titanic";

Length modern liner 360 m (100 m more than the Titanic);

The greatest width is 60 m versus 28 for the Titanic;

Draft is approximately the same (about 10 m);

The speed is also almost the same (22-23 knots);

The number of the team is 2.1 thousand people (there were up to 900 on the Titanic, many of whom were stokers);

Passenger capacity - up to 6.4 thousand people (on the Titanic up to 2.5 thousand).