Where is the deepest lake in the world located. Three of the largest lakes in the world. The deepest lake in the world

Baikal is considered the deepest, but few people know where the deepest deep lake in the world. It is located in the southeast of Siberia. It is located in the Irkutsk region, where the border of Buryatia also passes.

Natural phenomena Lake Baikal

The natural phenomena of Lake Baikal are original. Since it is near its waters, you can see various vegetation and animals. Climatic conditions great for them.

Throughout the territory of Baikal, you can see many different birds, such as gulls, bald eagles, shelducks, white-tailed eagles, scourges and many others. These species of birds are among the rarest and some of them have been added to the Red Book. The smallest deer are found on the mountainous part of the Baikal coast. They are considered the rarest on the whole earth and they are called musk deer. Here you can see the only miracle when bear flocks appear on the coast of the lake, which for the sake of food hunt several salmon at once.

Basic data of Lake Baikal

The total size of the deepest lake of Baikal reaches 636 km in length and 80 km in width. The entire area is equal to 31 thousand 722 square meters. This is about the same area as Belgium. The indigenous people of these places often call it a small sea. Approximately 336 rivers flow into the waters of Lake Baikal. The river called Selenga supplies the most water to the lake, flows into it. The lake is located on overall height 455 m above sea level, and its depth reaches 1,637 meters. There are about 30 islands in Baikal.

The total age of the lake has not yet been determined, but according to scientific studies, its age is about 20-30 million years. A small study was also carried out during which it turned out that the lake, like the others, arose due to tectonic processes. Seismicity is usually increased in the Baikal areas, moreover, there are many different thermal springs on its territory.

Water in Baikal

The main part of the Baikal waters consists of various organic impurities, but there are very few mineral contents. But there is a huge amount of oxygen here. Lake Baikal consists of the purest waters, as there are microscopic crustaceans on its waters, which are responsible for the purity of the reservoir. The temperature of the reservoir is constantly cold, for example, in the summer it reaches only +8 degrees.

Video review of the deepest lakes

No one will be surprised if we say that the deepest lake on the planet is Baikal. But TravelAsk has prepared others for you. Interesting Facts about this miracle of nature.

Pearl of Russia

Baikal is in the south Eastern Siberia and delimits the Irkutsk region and Buryatia. The lake is unique in many of its parameters.

His maximum depth- 1642 meters. And if we take into account that the lake is located at an altitude of 456 meters above sea level, then the lowest point of the basin lies 1186 meters below sea level. And this means that this is not only the deepest sea on Earth, but also one of the deepest continental depressions.

The lake impresses with its size: it is 636 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide. Baikal is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Legend of the Wise Father

336 rivers and streams flow into Baikal, and one flows out of it. the only river Angara.

There is a legend that the disobedient daughter of Angara wanted to run away from the strict father of Baikal to the young Yenisei. And then Baikal got angry, broke off a piece from the rock, threw it after his daughter, that stone fell on the throat of Angara. This rock was called by people the Shaman stone and for many centuries they carried gifts to it. Now the Angara River is blocked by a dam, and only the top of the stone is visible from the water.

Crystal clear water

A few years ago, Baikal was considered the cleanest lake in the world. And then they opened New Zealand, and the palm passed to him. But Baikal has not become less unique.

The transparency of its water is about 40 meters.

It is slightly mineralized, almost distilled water. Moreover, the lake is so clean that you can drink from it. It is believed that copepods purify the water - Baikal epishura, which live only in Baikal. They, of course, also end up in the Angara and Bratsk reservoir with the waters of a disobedient daughter. But their main habitat is Baikal.

The crustacean is very small, not exceeding 1.5 millimeters, but surprisingly hardworking. During the year, he manages to filter all Baikal water at least 10 times.

The lake has 90% reserves fresh water Russia and 20% of the world.

Ancient reservoir and home of rare animals

Baikal is the oldest lake, it is about 25-35 million years old. Indeed, the Father of all rivers and lakes. And interesting feature: usually lakes live no more than 15 thousand years, and then they become swampy or silted up. And Baikal has no hint of silt.

Animal world Baikal is also unique. Most of animal organisms living in the lake are endemic, that is, they are found only in this reservoir. These include the Baikal omul, the world's only freshwater seal, viviparous golomyanka fish. In total, more than two thousand species and subspecies of animals are found in the lake.

Such a diversity of the animal world is explained by the fact that Baikal water is very rich in oxygen.

Fact #1. Baikal needs a month to freeze completely: the lake begins to freeze over in December, and this process ends in January.

Fact #2. There are over 10 theories about the origin of the lake's name. The lake was called Lamu (from Evenki “sea”), on Chinese maps Baikal is called Baihe, which means “northern sea”.

Fact #3. Baikal is a seismically active area where earthquakes occur regularly. Usually they are small: 1-2 points. But there are also strong ones. So, in 1862 there was a 10-magnitude earthquake, which swept under water a plot of land of 200 square kilometers. And six more Buryat uluses, in which 1,300 people lived. Proval Bay was formed at this place.

Fact #4. Storms often occur on Baikal and high waves appear.

Fact #5. Famous director James Cameron, President of Russia, dived into Baikal Vladimir Putin, President of Mongolia Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, former Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin.

Fact #6. On the shores of Lake Baikal, cedar grows, which is about 550 years old.

Fact #7. An asteroid was named after Baikal. It was opened by Crimeans in 1976.

Fact #8. If the water in Baikal disappeared, then in order to fill the lake again, the world's rivers would need to flow whole year.

Fact #9. In the Irkutsk region and Buryatia there is a holiday - Seal Day. It was established due to the fact that poachers attack small seal cubs - pups.

Fact #10. There is a cave near Baikal where shamanic rituals were held in ancient times.

Fact #12. Length coastline lakes is the same as the distance from Turkey to Moscow.

Fact #13. Deposits at the bottom of Lake Baikal with a thickness of about 6 thousand meters: this means that highest mountains Earth (more than 7 thousand meters).

Fact #14. The remains of dinosaurs, ancient crocodiles and water turtles have been found not far from Lake Baikal.

Fact #15. In winter, one can observe the inexplicable on Baikal: the so-called “hills” are formed on the ice cover - these are cone-shaped ice hills up to 6 meters high.

They are hollow inside and resemble tents.

Lakes are natural reservoirs formed in the recesses of the land, which store 67.4% of all fresh water on the Earth. The size and depth of lakes can be very different, and some of them significantly exceed many seas in these indicators.

This review presents ten most deep lakes in the world.

10th place: - lake tectonic origin located in the south of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Its depth is 590 meters. Matano is the deepest lake in Indonesia. Lake Matano is an important source of fresh water in Indonesia, famous for its crystal clear clear waters, which is home to many rare species of plants, fish and crustaceans. On its banks there are deposits of nickel ore. In Matano, the Patea River takes its source, which, flowing through the waterfall, flows into Lake Mahalona.

9th place: - crater lake, which has a depth of 594 meters. Crater - deepest lake in the usa and the second deepest in North America. This lake is the main attraction of the national park located in Oregon. Crater Lake was formed in a deep volcanic basin (caldera) more than 7 thousand years ago due to the destruction of Mount Mazama volcano. Thanks to the melting of snow, the water in the lake is particularly clean and blue. Crater Lake has an unusual attraction - a huge log called "Lake Old Man", which has been floating in a reservoir in an upright position for more than a century. In 2005, Crater Lake was featured on an Oregon commemorative coin.

8th place: Great Slave Lake – the deepest lake in Canada and all of North America. Its maximum depth reaches 614 meters. For eight months of the year, the surface of the lake is covered with ice, which winter period so thick that it can support a heavy truck. In the 1930s, gold was found here, which led to the founding of the city of Yellowknife on the shore of the lake.

7th place: Issyk-Kul- it's salty drainless lake in the northern part of the Tien Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan. The maximum depth of this deepest lake Central Asia- 702 meters. From the Kyrgyz language "Ysyk Kel" is translated as "hot lake". It got this name due to the fact that its brackish water does not freeze even in severe winters. Issyk-Kul is connected with several interesting legends and stories. According to one of them, an ancient Armenian monastery with the relics of St. Matthew is kept in the lake. Another legend says that it was in this place that the soldiers of Tamerlane laid down their famous pyramids from stones. In 2006, traces were found at the bottom of the lake ancient civilization that existed 2.5 thousand years ago.

6th place: Malawi(other name - Nyasa) - the southernmost of the lakes of East African rift valley located between Mozambique, Malawi and Tanzania. This is the second deepest lake in Africa - its maximum depth is 706 meters. The tropical waters of Malawi contain the largest species diversity of fish among all the lakes of the Earth. Scientists have come to the conclusion that over the past 100 thousand years, the depth of the lake has decreased by more than 100 meters. The causes of water losses are surface evaporation (up to 80%) and the Shire River flowing from the southern part of the lake.

5th place: San Martin(other name - O'Higgins) is a fjord-like lake in Patagonia, located on the border of Argentina and Chile at an altitude of 250 meters above sea level. The area of the lake is 1058 km², and the depth is 836 meters. This the deepest lake South America . In Argentina, the lake is called San Martin, in Chile - O'Higgins. The lake is named after national heroes José de San Martin of Argentina and Bernardo O'Higgins of Chile who fought together for the freedom of South America. The lake is fed by the waters of the Mayer River and small glacial streams, and flows into the Pasqua River, which flows into Pacific Ocean. Unique feature lakes - this is a milky-blue hue of water, which occurs due to particles of stone deposits that enter the lake along with the melt water of glaciers and settle on its bottom.

4th place: Caspian Sea – the largest closed lake in the world with salt water, called the sea due to the fact that its base is the earth's crust of the oceanic type. Located between Europe and Asia, the lake washes the shores of five countries - Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. The maximum depth of the Caspian reaches 1025 meters, and its area is 371 thousand km². More than 130 rivers flow into the lake, the largest of them is the Volga. The Caspian Sea has a rich fauna - the Caspian seal is found in it, there are many sturgeons, and some species of fish are found only here. This huge reservoir is a rich source of energy resources. To date, the total cost of oil and gas in the sea is 12 trillion. dollars.

3rd place: East – the deepest and largest of all subglacial lakes on Earth, covered with a thickness of ice of 4 kilometers. The unique reservoir is located in Antarctica, next to the Russian Antarctic station Vostok, after which it got its name. The estimated maximum depth of the lake is more than 1200 meters. The lake was opened in 1996. In February 2012, Russian scientists reached the surface of Lake Vostok, the drilling of the ice shell of which lasted 20 years. Lake research can give a lot useful information world, because the conditions in it are similar to those that existed many millions of years ago, in addition, there is an assumption that there are similar lakes on the satellites of Jupiter.

2nd place: Tanganyika- This deepest lake in africa and the second deepest (1470 meters) in the world. It is also the first longest (673 km.) Lake in the world, belonging to four countries at once - Tanzania, Congo, Burundi and Zambia. The lake is in the deepest tectonic basin Africa. It was accidentally discovered in 1858 by British explorers John Speke and Richard Burton, who discovered it while searching for the source of the Nile. The lake is fed by several channels, and only one river flows out of it - Lukuga. Tanganyika is home to crocodiles, hippos, many waterfowl, and many unique fish species. After a National Geographic magazine published a story about a 9-meter killer crocodile that caused the deaths of several dozen people, Lake Tanganyika has long been an object of special interest.

1st place: Baikal- This the deepest lake in Russia, Eurasia and the whole world, reaching a depth of 1642 meters. The reservoir located in the south of Eastern Siberia is the largest natural reservoir of fresh water - it stores 20% of the total supply of surface fresh water on the planet. The volume of water in Baikal is greater than in all lakes in the United States combined. Baikal is also known as the most ancient lake on Earth, formed 25-35 million years ago, although usually lakes do not exist for more than 15 thousand years. Baikal is a unique ecosystem, home to about 1,700 species of flora and fauna, many of which are found nowhere else. The lake is included in the list of objects world heritage UNESCO.

in the south of Eastern Siberia, where Irkutsk region borders with the Buryat Republic, is the most on Earth - Baikal. Only average depth the reservoir is 744 meters, while the maximum is 1642! But this is far from its only advantage and remarkable feature.

Baikal is a unique phenomenon of its kind on planet Earth. This is the largest natural reservoir of the purest fresh water, which makes up one fifth of all the world's reserves and nine tenths of Russia's. on Earth, the volume of water exceeds all North American combined. 23 thousand cubic meters are stored here. If water suddenly disappeared from Baikal in an incomprehensible way, rivers from all over our planet would need a whole year to fill it up again.

Baikal is as transparent as glass, and a white disc with a diameter of 20 centimeters can be seen at a depth of more than 50 meters! Three hundred rivers flow into the deepest lake on Earth, and only one flows out - the majestic Angara.

Mountain ranges bordered the basin in which Baikal is located. Primorsky and Baikal surround its northwestern part, Barguzinsky - northeast, and from the southeast - Khamar-Dabansky ridge. The lake is famous for its islands. The largest among them is Olkhon, the heart of Lake Baikal.

Not to see the deepest lake on Earth, whose age is about 25 million years, means not to let a miracle happen in life. Two thirds are vegetative and endemic. seal, you will not find anywhere else! And there are more clear days on Lake Baikal than in the resort of Sochi. Beaches and lagoons sand dunes and foggy swamps, taiga and steppes, endless meadows and snow-white mountain ranges- this coastal world unique!

Peschanaya Bay is the warmest Baikal water. She is located on west bank lakes between Cape Kharginsky and Srednie Khomuty. Only here you can see majestic pines and larches on “stilts” that are frightening from habit. Due to the fact that the sandy soil is constantly blown out from under the trees, their roots are exposed.

Whitefish, sturgeon, lenok, grayling, taimen… The list of names of fish found in the sacred lake sounds like music for musicians to fishermen.

Baikal is beautiful at any time of the year. Winter gave him a unique range of northern colors. The sun's rays, reflected from the ice surface and refracted, shimmer with an iridescent spectrum. The thickness of the ice shell that fetters the lake during the cold months reaches a meter or more, although it seems thin due to the pebbles visible at the bottom of Baikal. But this is an illusion! The ice is very strong and can withstand a train. With the beginning of spring, the ice opens and breaks with a roar, cracking continuously, and closer to summer, the wind and waves throw transparent blocks onto the shore, forming landscapes of unsurpassed beauty.

Here it is, the deepest lake on Earth! It is not surprising that UNESCO did not ignore Baikal. The lake is listed as a World Heritage Site. More than three hundred thousand tourists, scientists and researchers from all over the world annually come to see and learn about the extraordinary miracle created by nature - Baikal!

Matano

10th place: Matano- a lake of tectonic origin, located in the south of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Its depth is 590 meters. Matano is the deepest lake in Indonesia. Lake Matano is an important source of fresh water in Indonesia, famous for its crystal clear waters, which are home to many rare species of plants, fish and crustaceans. On its banks there are deposits of nickel ore. In Matano, the Patea River takes its source, which, flowing through the waterfall, flows into Lake Mahalona.

Crater

9th place: Crater- crater lake, which has a depth of 594 meters. Crater - deepest lake in the usa and the second deepest in North America. This lake is the main attraction of the national park of the same name, located in Oregon. Crater Lake was formed in a deep volcanic basin (caldera) more than 7 thousand years ago due to the destruction of Mount Mazama volcano. Thanks to the melting of snow, the water in the lake is particularly clean and blue. Crater Lake has an unusual attraction - a huge log called "Lake Old Man", which has been floating in a reservoir in an upright position for more than a century. In 2005, Crater Lake was featured on an Oregon commemorative coin.

Great Slave Lake

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7th place: Issyk-Kul is a salty drainless lake in the northern part of the Tien Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan. The maximum depth of this deepest lake in Central Asia is 702 meters. From the Kyrgyz language "Ysyk Kel" is translated as "hot lake". It got this name due to the fact that its brackish water does not freeze even in severe winters. Several interesting legends and stories are connected with Issyk-Kul lake. According to one of them, an ancient Armenian monastery with the relics of St. Matthew is kept in the lake. Another legend says that it was in this place that Tamerlane's warriors built their famous cairns. In 2006, traces of an ancient civilization that existed 2.5 thousand years ago were found at the bottom of the lake.

Malawi

6th place: Malawi(other name - Nyasa) - the southernmost of the lakes of the East African Rift Valley, located between Mozambique, Malawi and Tanzania. This is the second deepest lake in Africa - its maximum depth is 706 meters. The tropical waters of Malawi contain the largest species diversity of fish among all the lakes of the Earth. Scientists have come to the conclusion that over the past 100 thousand years, the depth of the lake has decreased by more than 100 meters. The causes of water losses are surface evaporation (up to 80%) and the Shire River flowing from the southern part of the lake.

San Martin

5th place: San Martin(other name - O'Higgins) is a fjord-like lake in Patagonia, located on the border of Argentina and Chile at an altitude of 250 meters above sea level. The area of the lake is 1058 km², and the depth is 836 meters. This deepest lake in south america. In Argentina, the lake is called San Martin, in Chile - O'Higgins. The lake is named after national heroes José de San Martin of Argentina and Bernardo O'Higgins of Chile who fought together for the freedom of South America. The lake is fed by the waters of the Mayer River and small glacial streams, and flows into the Pasqua River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. A unique feature of the lake is the milky-blue hue of the water, which occurs due to particles of stone deposits that enter the lake along with the melt waters of glaciers and settle on its bottom.

Caspian Sea

East

3rd place: East – the deepest and largest of all subglacial lakes on Earth, covered with a thickness of ice of 4 kilometers. The unique reservoir is located in Antarctica, next to the Russian Antarctic station Vostok, after which it got its name. The estimated maximum depth of the lake is more than 1200 meters. The lake was opened in 1996. In February 2012, Russian scientists reached the surface of Lake Vostok, the drilling of the ice shell of which lasted 20 years. Studies of the lake can give a lot of useful information to the world, because the conditions in it are similar to those that existed many millions of years ago, in addition, there is an assumption that there are similar lakes on the satellites of Jupiter.

Tanganyika

2nd place: Tanganyika- This deepest lake in africa and the second deepest (1470 meters) in the world. It is also the first longest (673 km.) Lake in the world, belonging to four countries at once - Tanzania, Congo, Burundi and Zambia. The lake is located in the deepest tectonic basin in Africa. It was accidentally discovered in 1858 by British explorers John Speke and Richard Burton, who discovered it while searching for the source of the Nile. The lake is fed by several channels, and only one river flows out of it - Lukuga. Tanganyika is home to crocodiles, hippos, many waterfowl, and many unique fish species. After a National Geographic magazine published a story about a 9-meter killer crocodile that caused the deaths of several dozen people, Lake Tanganyika has long been an object of special interest.

Baikal

1st place: Baikal- This the deepest lake in Russia, Eurasia and the whole world, reaching a depth of 1642 meters. The reservoir located in the south of Eastern Siberia is the largest natural reservoir of fresh water - it stores 20% of the total supply of surface fresh water on the planet. The volume of water in Baikal is greater than in all lakes in the United States combined. Baikal is also known as the oldest lake on Earth, formed 25-35 million years ago, although lakes usually do not exist for more than 15 thousand years. Baikal is a unique ecosystem, home to about 1,700 species of flora and fauna, many of which are found nowhere else. The lake is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.