What is the difference between an apartment and an apartment when buying. What is more profitable to take a mortgage? Watch helpful video

A few years ago, such special objects as apartments appeared on the real estate market. With this concept, everyone is accustomed to associate some kind of elite housing with panoramic windows or chic rooms in foreign hotels. In part, this was once the case, but today everything has changed dramatically, and it’s not so easy to understand what is the difference between an ordinary apartment and apartments in 2019.

What are apartments and what type of property do they belong to?

In order to understand the question posed, you must first find out what an apartment is and how they differ from an apartment. Turning to various sources, you can find out that this term has French or Italian roots, and is translated into Russian simply as “apartment”. Ushakov's dictionary defines an apartment as a large room or rest. However, this does not explain the legal difference between an apartment and an apartment.

If we turn to Russian housing legislation, we can easily find out what residential premises mean:

• residential building or part thereof;
• apartment or part of it;
• room.

This list is exhaustive and does not include apartments. Therefore, this type of real estate, according to the law, cannot be attributed to the housing stock. However, such premises are used specifically for living and are equipped with all necessary amenities. In order to get closer to understanding what is the difference between an apartment and an apartment, it is necessary to understand in which buildings these objects are located and what is their functional purpose.

If we take foreign experience, we can see that abroad, apartments include real estate for temporary residence with hotel service. This is partly true for Russia as well. For example, the order of the Ministry of Culture, which classifies objects of the tourism industry, contains the concept of an apartment, which differs markedly from the definition of a hotel room. These include premises with an area of ​​at least 40 square meters, consisting of two or more rooms, equipped with furniture, bathrooms and everything necessary for temporary residence.

Sometimes these residential units are located in office buildings or in large business centers. They are intended for the residence of employees seconded from other cities to perform certain temporary functions. Apartments are also provided for staff who do not have their own accommodation.

Today at major cities you can find new buildings consisting entirely of apartments, which differ from apartments in that they have a greater commercial value. Wealthy people invest in the construction or purchase of such real estate for subsequent profit.

Thus, the answer to the question, what does an apartment mean, and not an apartment, can be formulated as follows. Premises intended for temporary residence with a separate entrance, included in hotel apartment type or located in an administrative building, it is customary to call apartments. Unlike an apartment, it does not belong to the housing stock.

Cons and pros of apartments

Consider the difference between apartments and apartments in practical terms: the pros and cons of acquiring such real estate. As stated earlier, apartments do not belong to the housing stock. It is from this circumstance that the existing shortcomings of these objects follow:

• it is impossible to obtain permanent registration at the place of residence in them. True, there are no obstacles to temporary registration at the place of stay if the premises have hotel service. As in any hotel room, apartments can be temporarily registered for up to 5 years. The absence of at least temporary registration may create problems with the placement of children in school or kindergarten, obtaining a compulsory medical insurance policy for service in medical institutions;
• commercial real estate is not subject to utility tariffs that are used for residential premises. In this regard, you have to pay for utilities much more than in the case of an apartment of the same area. The difference can reach up to 20% in some cities;
• not very friendly to commercial real estate and tax laws. Thus, the property tax rate for apartments is 0.5%, in contrast to an apartment, for which only 0.1% of the base is charged, which, however, is 1.44 times less for commercial real estate. The calculation of the deduction for the sale is made according to the rules for non-residential premises. At the same time, a deduction for the purchase is provided, as for an apartment - in the amount of 2 million rubles;
• where apartments are even worse than apartments is that developers are not required to organize social and cultural infrastructure in the construction sites of such facilities. For this reason, kindergartens, schools and clinics may be at a considerable distance from the complexes, and there may be no access roads at all;
• the law does not extend the SANPIN standards for residential premises to apartments, which frees the hands of developers. After all, they do not need to comply with the level of illumination, sound insulation and other mandatory parameters;
• in the case of shared construction of apartments, the status of equity holders is fundamentally different from that if the house was with apartments. They are simply not recognized as affected by the parameters of the Ministry of Regional Development in the event of bankruptcy of the developer.

The list of cons is quite impressive, but what is the advantage of an apartment over an apartment, that the demand for them is growing every year. Everything is simple here, because the absence of the need to comply with many formalities during construction greatly reduces the cost of such real estate. At the same time, the end buyer needs to pay a much smaller amount for the apartment upon purchase, which compares favorably with the purchase of an apartment. This makes it possible not only to acquire relatively cheap housing, but also to earn good money by renting it out.

Watch helpful video

Should I buy an apartment instead of an apartment?

Many people wonder what is better apartment or apartment? However, this question is not entirely correct. This is about the same as comparing a therapist and a dentist. It seems that both doctors, but the tasks are completely different. In practice, it is better to buy an apartment for those who do not have other permanent housing. After all, the presence of a dwelling guarantees a permanent residence permit and, as a result, free access to various social needs of the family.

If you already have a permanent residence permit, then the question of what to choose an apartment or an apartment is no longer so straightforward. In this case, commercial real estate can be purchased for the following purposes:

• for own residence due to proximity to the place of work or study, or because of more comfortable conditions. At the same time, it is quite possible to rent out a permanent apartment;
• for renting out for commercial profit;
• for the organization of the hotel business.

It is the commercial component that determines the main reason why apartments are being built, and not apartments, especially in Moscow.

Answers to some questions

Taking into account all of the above, it is possible to answer the question, is a studio an apartment or an apartment? It all depends on the legal status, not on the layout. After all, a studio is a living space that does not have partitions, that is, a free layout. It can apply to both residential and commercial real estate.. In the first case, this is an apartment, and in the second, apartments.

Another topical question is whether it is possible to transfer apartments to an apartment in 2019, and what is the price of this procedure. The possibility of converting non-residential premises into residential premises is enshrined in housing legislation. It should be borne in mind that the procedure is rather complicated. The main obstacle is to ensure full compliance with sanitary standards, for example, sunlight should be included in every living room premises for at least 2 hours a day. Therefore, apartments that are characterized by insufficient insolation cannot be transferred to the status of apartments. In addition, no encumbrances by third parties should be imposed on the property.

In the case when all the rules can be observed, you can try to transfer. To do this, you need to contact the housing department of your city with a statement.. The following documents will need to be attached to it:

• registration certificate for real estate;
• title documents;
• floor plan of the building;
• redevelopment project, if it is planned to be carried out.

In addition, it is necessary to undergo approvals in various services and government agencies, and then submit the relevant certificates. All this can take more than one month, and the money spent will negate the benefits of buying an apartment instead of an apartment. In addition, the success of the event is not guaranteed. Therefore, the transfer on an individual basis is not economically justified.. True, there were cases when the owners massively turned to the developer with a corresponding collective request to transfer the apartments to the status of residential premises even at the construction stage before putting the house into operation. At the same time, their question was resolved in the affirmative.

Thus, an apartment differs from an apartment in that it does not have the status of a dwelling.. They are cheaper, but it is better to buy them if you have a permanent residence permit in another place. After all, converting non-residential premises into residential premises is quite difficult, and often completely impossible. At the same time, buying an apartment is a very profitable investment in real estate, as the demand for rental housing is always very high.

The share of apartments in the primary market of Moscow is still growing: if in 2012 it was only 14% of the total supply, then in the third quarter of 2016 it reached 24.5%. At the same time, the minimum budget for buying apartments within old Moscow over the same period decreased from 4.6 million rubles to an unprecedented 2.3 million rubles for the capital, which spurred the interest of customers in the mass segment and radically changed the portrait of the buyer. However, there are still a lot of speculations around the apartments that exaggerate their disadvantages. Metrium Group experts conducted a detailed analysis of all the differences between apartments and apartments and refuted most of the stereotypes regarding this type of housing from the point of view of the buyer.

During a recession, most homebuyers prioritize their purchase budget. The reduction in the cost of supply in all market segments has increased the attractiveness of, first of all, apartments, which have always been cheaper than apartments. The price advantage of acquiring apartments is due to a number of their differences from apartments.

“The differences between apartments and apartments can be roughly divided into three groups,” says Maria Litinetskaya, managing partner of Metrium Group. - The first one is the legal differences that are related to the non-residential legal status of the apartments. The second is economic, namely, the difference in the market and cadastral value of such objects, as well as the peculiarities of paying utility bills and taxes. Finally, the third group - technical - combines the differences in the requirements for the design and construction of apartments. On a superficial comparison, it may seem that most of the differences are not in favor of the apartments, but a detailed analysis shows the opposite.”

1. Legal differences

1.1 Legal status

From the point of view of the Housing Code, an apartment is a residential, isolated room, which is real estate and is suitable for permanent residence citizens (meets the established sanitary and technical rules and norms, other requirements of the legislation). In addition to apartments, the legislation also includes a residential building (part of a residential building) and a room as living quarters.

Apartments are classified as non-residential premises, that is, they are premises for temporary accommodation of citizens, not intended for permanent residence. The concept of "apartment" is mentioned only in the classification hotel rooms given by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. According to this typology, an apartment is a room with an area of ​​at least 40 sq. m., consisting of two or more rooms (living room, dining room, bedroom) with a kitchenette. However, in practice, developers are not guided by this definition, even if the apartment complex under construction has a hotel purpose.

1.2 Registration

Permanent registration can only be obtained in a residential area - an apartment, a room, a house. Permanent registration in Moscow gives the following rights:

1. An increase in pension. In Moscow, pensioners are entitled to a regional social payment, but it is given only to those who have lived in Moscow for at least 10 years.

2. Travel concessions for pensioners and minors in public transport, as well as the use of a city telephone.

3. Determination of the child in kindergarten, school and others educational establishments at the place of registration.

4. Subsidizing utility bills.

Since the apartments are classified as non-residential premises, they cannot be permanently registered at the place of residence. However, if the apartment complex has the status of a hotel, then the owner of the apartment can receive a temporary registration for 5 years. Temporary registration gives almost the same rights as the owner of an apartment with permanent registration. However, when enrolling a child in a school that is not attached to the place of residence, his application is considered after applications from residents of houses attached to the school and having permanent registration. Otherwise, there are no fundamental differences between temporary and permanent registrations.

If registration is not possible, the apartment owner loses little. These are increases and benefits, which still apply only to vulnerable segments of the population, as well as the right to vote in elections.

1.3 Rights of owners to common property

The owners of apartments in a residential building own common property on the basis of shared ownership along with other residents. That is, all common areas, the roof and the yard are the property of the apartment owners. Accordingly, residents can jointly decide how to dispose of common spaces. For example, they can prevent unwanted use of basements, roofs, attics and other spaces.

The apartment owners do not have the right to share ownership of the common property in the apartment complex (stairwells, stairs, halls, elevators, elevator and other shafts, corridors, technical floors, attics, basements, which have engineering communications, otherwise serving more than one room in this building equipment (technical basements), roofs, enclosing load-bearing and non-bearing structures of this building, mechanical, electrical, sanitary and other equipment). For example, if the apartment owners decide to make a joint fenced vestibule on the landing, they will have to buy or rent this territory from the owner, who usually remains the seller of the apartment or the management company. Nevertheless, you need to understand that the management company lives off the payments of the owners of the apartments and it is not profitable for it to spoil relations with them.

1.4 Foreclosure on owners

When the homeowner becomes a debtor and the court orders the confiscation of his property in favor of creditors, the bailiffs cannot evict him from the apartment if it is the only place of residence. The exception is housing purchased on a mortgage.

Since the apartments are non-residential premises, their owner can be evicted in the event of foreclosure. However, it is worth noting that the buyer of an apartment on a mortgage can also lose their home.

2. Economic differences

2.1 Prices

Apartments are more expensive than apartments, as the developer of a residential building initially bears higher costs associated with obtaining all necessary permits.

The difference in the cost of apartments and flats reaches an average of 30% depending on the project. This is due to the fact that the developer incurs lower construction costs and can allow the property to be listed at reduced prices without compromising profits.

2.2 Taxes

Property tax

The property tax of apartment owners is calculated on the basis of the cadastral value. The area of ​​the apartment is multiplied by the cadastral value per square meter, and then by the tax rate. The property tax rate for residential premises is established in each region by decision local authorities. In Moscow it is 0.1%.

Apartment owners also have to pay property tax, which, as in the case of apartments, is calculated on the basis of the property's cadastral value. However, there are two fundamental differences in the taxation of apartments. Firstly, the cadastral value of such projects is approximately 1.5 times lower, and secondly, the property tax rate for them is higher. The rate ranges from 0.5% to 2%. In October 2016, the Moscow City Duma adopted amendments to the Law on Personal Property Tax in Moscow. Now the minimum rate for all types of this type of real estate is set at 0.5%, but only for apartments up to 300 square meters. m. and with a cadastral value not exceeding 300 million rubles. For objects that fall outside the established size and price limits, the property tax rate is kept at 2%.

Tax deductions and benefits

When calculating the property tax on an apartment, a tax-free deduction of the cost from one residential property is provided: 10 sq. m - for rooms, 20 sq. m - for an apartment and 50 sq. m - for the house. That is, the taxable base will be equal to the area of ​​​​the apartment minus 20 square meters. m. In addition, the law provides benefits for 15 categories of citizens who are exempt from taxation.

Also, when buying and selling an apartment, the owner has the right to receive a tax deduction for the previously paid income tax individuals(personal income tax). In the case of buying a home, the maximum amount of return reaches 2-3 million rubles, and when selling - 1 million rubles.

Tax deductions and benefits for apartments, as for non-residential premises, do not apply. That is, the owner of the apartments not only cannot reduce the tax base (by 20 sq. m.), but also return part of the tax paid on the income of individuals when buying apartments.

Land tax

Until 2015, apartment owners were required to pay tax on land that was jointly owned by residents of an apartment building. However, this payment was included in the property tax. Since 2015, these fees have been divided into two separate taxes: on an apartment and on land.

The owners of apartments, like the owners of other premises in any building, are also entitled to a share of the land on which this building is located. As a result, they are required to pay land tax. Land tax is paid on the basis of the cadastral value of the plot corresponding to the area of ​​the apartments. In Moscow, this rate is 1.5%.

2.3 Utilities

The amount of payment for utilities is calculated according to the tariffs for consumers set by the supplier of water, electricity and heat. The level of these tariffs is determined by the authorities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on price regulation.

As a rule, utility bills for apartments have an increased coefficient compared to apartment rates. Tariffs for water supply are higher by 12%, for water disposal - 8%, for heat - 25%, for electricity - 36% (based on an average tariff of 2.5 rubles/kWh). The exact cost of utilities depends on the tariffs set for non-residential premises in accordance with the agreements concluded by the management company and the utility provider.

3. Technical differences

3.1 Building codes

The construction of residential buildings is carried out in strict accordance with construction and sanitary norms and rules (lighting, sound insulation, insolation, etc.).

Technical requirements for the construction of apartments are lower than those for the construction of residential buildings. In particular, the requirements for insolation do not apply to apartments, and the norms for ventilation, sound insulation, and fire protection are lower than those for residential premises.

3.2 Social infrastructure

The builder is obliged to build facilities social infrastructure(kindergartens, schools, clinics, etc.) in the residential area in proportion to the number of new residents of the area. The construction of the apartment complex does not oblige the developer to build social infrastructure facilities for its residents.

3.3 Access roads

The developer of residential areas is responsible for the improvement of adjacent territories, as well as the construction of access roads to the residential complex. The apartment developer is not required to build access roads.

Summary

"Thus, the most important economic differences apartments that really affect the buyer's "purse" directly - this is the difference in tax and utility payments, - sums up Maria Litinetskaya. - However, elementary calculations prove that the difference in the cost of apartments and apartments covers the increased costs of utilities and taxes for decades to come. You also need to take into account fare, because today the most budget housing offers within the Moscow Ring Road refer only to apartments. Apartments at a similar cost will be located outside the Moscow Ring Road, in the Moscow suburbs.

Legal differences are also less important to the average client. Buyers of apartments and apartments are equally protected by 214-FZ from double sales and failure to meet deadlines. In the event of a rupture of the DDU, they have the same rights to receive compensation and penalties, and in the event of bankruptcy of the developer, they are included in the third line of creditors for the return of invested funds.

As for the technical differences, the formal absence of an apartment developer's obligation to comply with building codes, build social facilities, and lay access roads is, in practice, unprofitable for the developers themselves. In the conditions of fierce competition for the buyer, most apartments are not inferior to ordinary ones. apartment buildings neither by the quality of construction, nor by the availability of infrastructure facilities.

As a result, if a person manages to find the optimal combination of three characteristics - price, location, interesting concept - in any apartment complex, then in fact it will not be so important for him that this is a formally non-residential premises. The main thing for the buyer is to improve specific living conditions, namely, to move to new house or more convenient location.

Almost everyone sooner or later faces the need to buy their own property. Present on the market a large number of options: a house with a land plot, a studio, an apartment, an apartment, etc. Depending on the type of property, the procedure for acquiring it also changes. What is an apartment and what is the difference from an apartment when buying? We will answer this question in detail in the article.

Before analyzing the main advantages and disadvantages of apartments, their similarities and differences from apartments, it is necessary to define this concept.

Apartments are premises that are listed as non-residential in legal documents. They are often used for temporary residence. Quite often, apartments are located in new or recently reconstructed buildings, the owner of which did not want to register the property as residential. They are designed as office, hotel or any other non-residential premises. This method is quite profitable, as it significantly reduces the amount of taxes.

There are a large number of options for such real estate on the market, which are not inferior to comfortable apartments. The apartments can have everything you need for comfortable life. Often they are located in areas with good developed infrastructure. But you should understand that office space and shops can be located on the same floor with you.

Unfortunately, the law Russian Federation there is no clear interpretation of the definition of "apartment". Most often it is used by specialists in this field - realtors, developers, sellers.

Types of apartments

Not only in the Russian, but also in the world market, the main varieties of this type of real estate are distinguished:

1. Comfortable room in apart-hotel. It is different from a regular hotel. Such rooms are rented for a relatively short period of time, but they have several bedrooms, their own kitchen, and a bathroom. However, guests can use the hotel service.
2. Number in tenement house. It differs from the previous version in that it is rented for long term. The interior arrangement of such a room is not much different from the arrangement of a standard apartment: a living room, several bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom, utility rooms. Each guest is provided with maid and security services.
3. Room in a condominium. Such rooms can either be rented or purchased for permanent residence.
4. Property in the complex. Apartments cannot be rented for a fixed period. They are redeemed for permanent residence. Residents of such complexes are offered the right to design the premises as residential. As a rule, such apartments do not differ much from standard apartments both in terms of layout and the acquisition procedure.

Advantages

Apartments have a lot of advantages both for investors and for the buyers themselves.

For investors and developers

Apartments are a fairly versatile type of property that can be used for rent or purchase, permanent residence or business. This is a big advantage for developers. When building such a property, they try to comply with conditions that are suitable for all options.

The next advantage is the simplified registration procedure. It is much easier to obtain a building permit for apartments than for building houses with living quarters.

As for investors, apartments for them are a source of permanent income. Such specialists are interested in long-term leases.

For buyers

The main advantage of this type of property for buyers is the favorable cost. As a rule, apartments are located in new buildings in the city center, where the infrastructure is especially developed, everything you need for a comfortable life is within walking distance. However, the cost of such housing can be very advantageous compared to a conventional apartment of the same area and the same location.

Flaws

But for future residents of such real estate, there are some significant drawbacks. The first and main one is the lack of the possibility of registration in such a room. The buyer receives only a temporary registration, which can be renewed upon expiration. This fact significantly limits the rights of the owner, but he and his family can use local health and educational institutions.

It will be very difficult for the tenant to deal with the noise and other inconveniences that the neighbors bring to him at night. The Silence Act only applies to residential buildings, which do not include apartments.

And the last significant drawback is quite high price utilities. They can exceed the same payments for ordinary apartments by 10-20 percent. Property taxes can also increase significantly.

Similarities with apartments

The only and most basic similarity between apartments and apartments is that you can live in them on a permanent basis. Both types of properties are suitable for accommodation and comfortable living.

Differences

There are far more differences between these types of real estate than similarities. Let's consider them separately.

Fund

The difference between flats and apartments is that the former are residential, while the latter are non-residential. Despite the fact that both types can be used for permanent residence, the procedure for processing documents for each of them differs significantly. All subsequent differences logically follow from this, the main one.

Registration

As mentioned above, it is impossible to register in the apartments, which cannot be said about the apartment. The tenant of the apartment is issued a temporary registration. Its validity period is 5 years. After that, it can be extended or abolished.

Utility payments

The amount of utility payments for these types of premises differs significantly. For apartments, they are usually much smaller. This was also mentioned above.

Infrastructure

During construction residential facilities the owners are also trying to build kindergartens, schools and other infrastructure facilities that could attract buyers. When building apartments, this is not a key point.

Price

In most cases, apartments are much cheaper than apartments of the same area and in the same area. This is due to significantly simplified construction and the procedure for processing documents for apartments. They are a more profitable option for buyers, although they have their drawbacks.

You can learn more about the similarities and differences between apartments and apartments in the video:

IN Lately completely new concepts have appeared in real estate, such as apartments, studio apartments. Let's talk about what they mean and what, in fact, is the difference between apartments and apartments or studios. Wanting to buy real estate, people ask a lot of questions about this. Let's look into the nuances.

What is an apartment, the difference from apartments

For some reason, apartments are associated with luxury housing, today there are a lot of them for sale. Mostly new buildings. However, wanting to purchase such a property, buyers ask a lot of quite legitimate questions.

And the very first of them: “What is an apartment?” The difference from apartments already begins with the fact that these are non-residential premises. Yes Yes. It's non-residential.

And the point is not even in the size and layout of such real estate, but in the fact that such premises are being built for administrative purposes. Even in the certificate of ownership of such an object it will be indicated that the premises are non-residential. Sometimes apartments are sold in Moscow, in the documents for which a “hotel type” entry is made.

So, apartments are first of all commercial real estate. It is for this reason that they are placed in large centers along with shops, fitness centers, offices. Nevertheless, the real purpose of such premises is still living.

The incident is that the very concept of apartments is not officially defined in Russian legislation, and therefore developers, using existing laws, designate them as housing with an area of ​​​​more than forty square meters, having more than one room, a kitchen and a toilet with a bathroom.

Non-residential premises

If we talk about how apartments differ from apartments, then first of all, by the fact that this is a non-residential premises. From a legal point of view, they are usually commercial foundations in which temporary residence is possible. This, as they say, is both an advantage and a disadvantage of apartments compared to ordinary apartments.

What are the benefits of the apartments?

We figured out the question of what an apartment is. The difference from apartments starts with the price. Since they are considered luxury housing, they are correspondingly more expensive. When conducting comparative analysis realtors say that apartments sometimes cost 20-25% more than ordinary real estate of the same area in the same area.

Free, open plan layout

We have already mentioned that the legal difference between an apartment and an apartment is that these are commercial foundations. This means that if this is a non-residential premises, then its re-equipment is not consistent with housing legislation. Usually there is a completely free layout, you can embody any fantasies of the owners, you can’t just touch the load-bearing walls.

Elite infrastructure is another difference between apartments and apartments. Let's start with the fact that they are designed for wealthy buyers who are very demanding of the environment. As a rule, on the first floors of such complexes there are fitness centers, spa clubs, restaurants, bars, expensive shops, banks. By purchasing such housing, people receive a high level of service without leaving such a complex.

Convenient location is the main difference between apartments and apartments in Moscow. As you know, the distances in the capital are huge, and therefore, for convenience, housing is purchased five minutes from work. This is to save valuable travel time and traffic jams. Such urban complexes are located in very populated areas or on the upper floors of large business centers.

As for suburban buildings, they have their advantages. For example, residents can become members of an elite yacht club.

Living in the same territory of people of approximately the same level

In urban high-rise buildings, people belonging to completely different strata are populated. The level of wealth of people here is very different. Rich people who want to rotate only in their own circle get this opportunity by purchasing apartments.

The difference from apartments also lies in the fact that such housing can be profitably resold or rented out. Developers claim that real estate of this level has not become cheaper even in times of crisis.

Are there any downsides to the apartments?

Yes, there are indeed some disadvantages.

Speaking about the difference between an apartment and an apartment, it is necessary to list these negative points:

We have analyzed the main differences between an apartment and an apartment.

Overall, the latter are a very profitable investment. Money. For most of their owners, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages on the scales.

The Moscow government plans to deal with the regulation of the apartment market. They want to equate luxury housing with apartments, and this will lead to a rise in prices.

What is an apartment?

We talked in detail about what apartments are, the difference from apartments is quite significant. These differences can be seen as both advantages and disadvantages. But how is the concept of an apartment defined by law? This property is completely ready for people to live in. It must meet certain comfort requirements. There are mandatory conditions that it must meet:

1. Availability of electricity and heating.
2. Presence of water supply and sewerage.
3. Own entrance to the premises and the mandatory division of the entire area into separate rooms.

The class of an apartment is determined by its area, the number of rooms, the number of storeys of the house, and internal repairs. Also, the price is affected by the location, remoteness from the infrastructure.

What is a studio apartment?

Considering the topic of real estate, you should definitely mention such a type of housing as a studio apartment. They have also become popular in recent years. What is it? What is the difference between an apartment and a studio apartment?

This type of housing has a peculiar layout. In fact, this is the same one-room apartment, only it does not have a section for a kitchen, a bedroom and a guest room. Absolutely the entire area is a single space, only the bathroom is isolated. In such an apartment there are no corridors at all.

The studios are good for young families who don't have children yet. The disadvantage of such real estate is that it is impossible to retire if you want to be alone. Although you can always do redevelopment and change something. But there is one big plus. This, of course, is the price. It is thirty percent lower than the cost of a full-fledged apartment.

The studios are built with an open plan. It has become fashionable to turn ordinary housing into a studio, making internal redevelopment.

The main difference of this type of real estate is that, unlike apartments, it is a living space with all the ensuing consequences.

What are studio layouts?

The stereotype that the studio is a cramped room for two is not at all true. The size of the area can be completely different. It can be spacious rooms, and even two-level. The layout is provided - square, rectangular, round, trapezoidal.

The history of the emergence of studios

The first studio apartments appeared in the United States over a hundred years ago. It was a new word in architecture. Due to the fact that there were no internal load-bearing walls, it became possible to deviate from the standard layout. The first to accept this housing option were representatives of bohemians, people of art. With their lifestyle, this option was optimal. However, time passed, and in America the studio became cheap housing for students.

Disadvantages of studio apartments

In our country, for some reason, the studio is considered something elite. In fact, this is a deep misconception. Let's start with the fact that such housing is convenient for only one or two people.

The advantages include good lighting with a minimum area. Pleased with the possibility of redevelopment. The area is increased due to the absence of corridors. In the West, studios are popular because of their cheapness. Our re-equipment of premises is carried out according to an individual project, which makes it very expensive. It's just not worth it. And in the end, when high costs It turns out housing that is not very convenient for the average family.

The studio option is used in large country houses for the design of the first floor, where the living room, kitchen and hall are made into a single space with zoning elements. The rest of the floors have the usual layout, where there are separate rooms, corridors, etc. This option is certainly acceptable. However, not everyone can afford it.

Instead of an afterword

Currently, there are many types of housing on the real estate market. But, having decided to purchase something, you need to clearly understand what you want to receive, as well as take into account legal nuances. We examined in detail the difference between an apartment and an apartment, and what a studio is. When offering you housing options, realtors don't always tell you the whole truth. Therefore, you need to understand the nuances of the proposed housing yourself. Remember that by deciding to purchase an apartment, you will end up with non-residential premises. And do not believe that you will be promised a possible transfer to the housing stock. There are very few such cases in practice. And the developers do not need such extra trouble. If you are not interested in the nuances of registration, then this is your type of housing. Well, the easiest option would be to purchase either a studio or an apartment. It's up to you to decide.

Recently, such a format of real estate as apartments has been rapidly developing - premises that are not related to the housing stock, but suitable for living. They are actively incorporated into the projects of administrative buildings and hotel complexes.

“According to the results of 2015, the volume of supply of apartments amounted to about 693.3 thousand square meters. m in 97 projects, of which 21 relate to the reconstruction of buildings. The volume of supply of apartments showed a positive trend of 12.4%, while in 2014 this figure was 48.2%,” says Volodymyr Bogdanyuk, head of the analytical and consulting center Est-a-Tet.

The share of apartments now, according to his estimates, accounts for 26% of the market for new buildings. Elizaveta Gudz, deputy general director for analytics and consulting at NDV-Nedvizhimost, cites close figures - 28%. The largest among those that entered the market last year are Tushino 2018, ZilArt, Symbol, SREDA, etc.

The main advantage of apartments over traditional residential real estate is the relatively low price.

“Apartments differ more affordable prices compared to apartments in new buildings with similar characteristics. The difference in cost can be 20-25%,” Gudz says.

According to Bogdanyuk, at the end of 2015, the weighted average price for apartments was at the level of 357.2 thousand rubles per sq. m. m.

“The segment of apartments began to develop due to the lack of free sites in the capital for housing construction. At first, developers introduced them as part of business centers, then they began to turn former factories into apartment complexes. Initially, this real estate format was designed for successful businessmen who used this housing for temporary residence,” says Vladislav Melnikov, Senior Vice President of VTB Bank, which finances the Match Point IFC project.

Traditionally, apartments were bought as a second home, but now the situation has changed.

"We see that the target audience the market for apartments and housing has mingled. An important plus when choosing apartments is their cost. A similar apartment (in terms of location, footage) will cost 10-15% more than apartments today,” says Alexander Poduskov, director of development and development of loft projects at KR Properties.

However, when making such a purchase, it should be noted that there are a number of pitfalls that arise from the unsteady legal status apartments.
“The term itself is not enshrined in any way either at the regional or federal level, however, we can say that apartments, being in essence residential real estate, are regulated by law and taxed on the principle of commercial. And there are pluses and minuses here,” says Vasily Itskov, Head of Dispute Resolution Practice at IFC Horizont Capital.

Registration problems

From the point of view of the law, apartments are non-residential premises not intended for permanent residence of citizens, thus, even being the owner and permanently residing in such premises, registration in it is impossible. However, there is a loophole here. Registration is possible if the apartments are located in a hotel.

“The apartments are not residential premises, therefore, registration in them at the place of residence is not possible. Registration at the place of stay in non-residential premises is carried out only when the relevant premises are within the scope of jurisdiction. specialized agency- hotels, rest houses, hospitals, etc. The responsibility for registration lies in this case with the administration of the respective institution (clause 14 of Regulation No. 713). If the premises for temporary residence are not part of a hotel or other means of accommodation (and we are talking about them), then there is simply no obligation to register, ”explains Maria Ponamoreva, senior lawyer at A2 Law Office.

It is worth noting that the hotel registration, although it gives all the same rights as the registration in a residential building, requires renewal every five years.

“Temporary registration for five years gives the apartment owner the same rights as a resident of an ordinary Moscow apartment, that is, he can attach himself to a local clinic, send his child to school or kindergarten, so families with children began to acquire apartments” Melnikov says.

Complex taxation

Since the apartments do not belong to the housing stock, you cannot get a tax deduction here (13% tax exemption). At the same time, taxes are taken at a higher rate.

“The difference in the amount of taxes is about 20-25%. For example, for an apartment for 5 million rubles. the owner will pay 4 thousand rubles. per year, and for apartments for 4 million rubles. — 20 thousand rubles,” says Bogdanyuk.

If the tax base is determined based on the cadastral value of the apartments, the tax rate will be 0.5%, if the apartments are not located in an administrative-business or mall(complex); their appointment in accordance with the cadastral passport of the real estate object or technical accounting documents does not provide for the placement of offices, retail facilities, facilities Catering And consumer services or similar objects are not actually placed there; their cadastral value does not exceed 300 million rubles.

“If the apartments do not meet any of the above conditions, then the tax rate will be 2% (clause 2, clause 2, article 406 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). For comparison, the tax rate for residential premises is 0.1% (clause 1, clause 2, article 406 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation),” says Ponamoreva.

“When buying, you should pay attention to a number of factors that will affect the subsequent cost of owning a property. For example, it is absolutely necessary to study the original documentation for the building. If there is an office and retail purpose or public catering, then the tax on such objects will be 1.2-2%, but if the purpose is different, for example, a hotel, then the tax will be 0.5%, ”advises Poduskov.

At the same time, the cadastral value of residential and non-residential premises in some areas may differ significantly, and residential facilities will be more expensive.

“Thus, in some cases, in monetary terms, the tax on an apartment will be lower than on an apartment of the same size,” notes Poduskov.

The management company sets its own rates

Unlike residential (from the point of view of the law) real estate, apartments are not subject to the requirements enshrined in the residential complex regarding the procedure for managing common property. Thus, the residents of the apartments can in no way influence the tariffs set by the management company for the operation of the building and the adjacent territory and infrastructure. Therefore, as a rule, payments for apartment owners are higher.

“On average, utilities in apartments are 15% higher than in apartments. In total, the difference in cost between an apartment and apartments due to a higher tax rate and utility bills can be equalized by apartment owners with buying an apartment in 50 years on average,” says Bogdanyuk.

Infrastructure is not regulated in any way

Since the apartments are not housing, the developer does not bear any obligations to the residents.

“The developer is not obliged to improve the territory adjacent to the object. Therefore, the question of the work that is planned to be done should be one of the first to be asked. It also depends on your level of comfort. Will playgrounds be created, trees planted? How will vehicular and pedestrian routes be organized? If the apartment complex implies not only a residential, but also an office cluster, then the last question should be given increased attention - the routes of mothers with strollers and clerks running for a smoke break should be separated, ”advises Sergey Trukhanov, head of the T+T Architects architectural studio .

The neighborhood of residential and office space, which is possible in apartments, should be taken into account in advance, first of all, by those who are going to live there. The working team behind the wall, regular visitors, couriers - not a very comfortable neighborhood. And if we consider the purchase of apartments for organizing an office, then it should be taken into account that some developers are trying to limit this possibility. For example, they issue a limited number of car passes to the territory.

Sanitary regulations do not apply

“One of the points that is important to consider when purchasing apartments is that these real estate objects are not subject to the SanPiN norms established for residential premises and stipulating the appropriate level of illumination, sound insulation and insolation. The buyer needs to control this himself,” says Trukhanov.

At the same time, it is not uncommon for apartments to appear in old industrial buildings that have been reconstructed. Lofts undoubtedly have their own charm, but when purchasing a property like this, it is important to study the history of the building that was renovated.

“First of all, find out what type of production operated within these walls. If the activity of this enterprise was in one way or another connected with chemical production or hazardous waste, this fact should by no means be neglected. Toxic substances can persist in the soil and even in the building structures themselves. But the decay period for such substances is not tens or even hundreds of years. Another important factor is the quality of the work carried out - strengthening of load-bearing structures, foundations, reconstruction of walls, installation of all necessary systems, ”Trukhanov warns.

Bathroom in any part of the room

The main advantage arising from the shaky legal status of apartments is that when redevelopment, imagination is practically unlimited, unlike standard apartments, where there are quite strict requirements.

“When designing the architecture of the interior space and developing a planning solution, there are no such strict norms and rules as for residential interiors. In particular, there is no distinction between residential and non-residential premises and wet spots. Thus, the kitchen and bathrooms can be located in any part of the room, which greatly expands the possibilities of the architect when working on a project. Of course, this does not mean that the owners of the apartments are not limited in any way when carrying out repair and construction work. The main document that will have to be guided in the design and implementation of the project will be the regulations established by the management company for a particular facility,” says Ekaterina Svanidze, partner of the DVEKATI design studio.