How many ponds are now on clean ponds. Park on clean ponds

famous Chistye Prudy rich and attractive not only amazing story, but also with their interesting buildings: theaters, restaurants, fitness clubs, cinemas, business centers and shops. Especially these places attract with beautiful and convenient park areas for hiking.

Chistoprudny Boulevard from large highways fenced off and is quite quiet and cozy place For a relaxing holiday. And Moscow can rightly be proud of him. Chistye Prudy sights, whose names we will discuss in this article, are quite interesting.

This corner of Moscow is an excellent vacation spot, where not only locals, but also numerous guests of the city. There is something to admire here: magnificent nature, cultural monuments. Even the name of this picturesque corner capital causes pleasant associations.

Chistye Prudy (Moscow)

Attractions in this wonderful corner of the city are rich in their unique history. Of course, it's hard to believe, but once this place was a fetid terrible puddle, polluted with various waste from the meat trade. This is due to the fact that in the neighborhood (Myasnitskaya Street) there were a huge number of butcher shops.

For a long time everything has changed: in 1703, an associate of Peter I, Alexander Menshikov, acquired a small plot with a house nearby. By his order, this place was ennobled, and the reservoir was cleaned. Since then, the pond has become known as Clean. And the more familiar name for today came into use gradually. So, there is no cascade of ponds here.

But Chistye Prudy has become one of the favorite places for recreation for residents of the surrounding area and other metropolitan areas and guests welcomed by Moscow.

Chistye Prudy: attractions, description

This is an amazing district of Moscow, whose history has been preserved not only in chronicles and textbooks. Like more than a hundred years ago, white swans swim on the mirror surface of the water, couples in love and young mothers with strollers stroll along the alleys. You can often see here more mature couples walking along the alleys.

Like many years ago, lindens, willows, chestnuts are blooming here. Even new modern houses that have appeared around the boulevard in last years, have joined the ensemble and do not destroy the external habitual appearance of the quarters of antiquity, which is observed in many areas huge city Moscow.

Chistye Prudy, whose sights are magnificent and beautiful, are also very popular among tourists. One of the main advantages of the park is a magnificent building (house 19a), built in 1912-14. It has a colonnade stylized as antique. The building was built for the cinema "Coliseum" R.I. Klein ( famous architect). However, after its reconstruction in the 70s, it was transferred to the Sovremennik Drama Theater.

In the neighboring house (house 21), built in the 1890s, literary meetings of N. Teleshov were held, in which M. Gorky, A. Chekhov, D. Mamin-Sibiryak, A. Kuprin, I. Bunin and other famous writers and poets. Very close to this house (house 23) in 1920-34 lived a famous film director

monuments

It is unimaginable without monuments to great people, installed in different corners city, Moscow. Chistye Prudy, whose sights tell the history of the city, cannot be imagined without the monument to A. Griboyedov. The great Russian writer lived at 42 Myasnitskaya Street and often walked along the green cozy alleys of the then new boulevard. This monument was erected in 1959.

There is also a monument to M. Bakunin (the ideologist of Russian anarchism) erected in 1918 at the very Butcher's Gate. But the not entirely successful sculpture was removed after a protest by anarchists who believe that such a monument insults the memory of their teacher.

lore

The city of Moscow and Chistye Prudy have an amazing history. The sights of the boulevard and the surrounding area have their own history of formation and emergence. According to legend, this place, previously called Pogany, is strongly associated with the birth of the great city.

According to legend, there was a village here that belonged to the boyar Stepan Kuchka. He did not respect Prince Yu. Dolgoruky, who visited him, and offended him, after which the prince ordered the boyar to be killed and the body to be thrown away. The legend says that it was after this that the reservoir began to bear the name Pogany.

There is another assumption about the name. When Christianity began to spread, pagan idols were destroyed and thrown into the water. And the word "pagan", in Latin paganus, means "filthy". Hence the name Filthy Pond.

The most common version is the following. It has already been mentioned above. The pond got its name due to the fact that garbage was poured here from the slaughterhouses on Myasnitskaya Street. There are scientists who also reject this version due to the fact that the Myasnitskaya Sloboda was located at a great distance from the pond (near Sretenki St.).

It should also be remembered that during the time of Ivan the Terrible, a terrible tragedy occurred in this place. In 1570, 120 boyars and servicemen were subjected to a painful execution on charges of treason.

boulevard formation

Lots of interesting historical events conceals Moscow. Chistye Prudy, whose sights can tell a lot about what is happening here in old times events, arose due to the dam. In those days here along the walls white city the river Rachki flowed (the tributary of this river has long ceased to exist, and today the reservoir is fed by water from the water supply system.

And then the pond was a favorite place among the townspeople. We rode here in the summer on boats, and in the winter on skates.

The current Chistye Prudy are located on the top of a gentle hill. Such places were characterized by swamps and small rivers flowing from them. On the “clean” everything was like that - the streams formed the Rachka River, which was a tributary of the Yauza. With the growth of Moscow, the reservoir was drained, and the wall of the White City built in the 16th century cut Rachka. Since it was forbidden to build houses in the lowland in front of the wall, a famous pond appeared at this place at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries.

The reservoir was called Pogany Pond, and there are several versions about the appearance of such a dissonant name. According to one of them, in this area the pagans worshiped their gods, and the word “filthy”, which came from the Latin “paganus” (pagan), characterized not something dirty, but a pagan. According to another version, the place of the future Moscow was previously occupied by the possessions of the boyar Stepan Kuchka, who inappropriately received Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. For this, the prince ordered the boyar to be killed and his body to be drowned in a pond, after which the reservoir received the name "Bad".

However, according to the most famous version,

the pond began to be called Pogany, as merchants from butcher shops on Myasnitskaya Street dumped production waste into it. In the summer, when an incredible heat hung over the capital, fetid odors hovered over the reservoir, and people tried to avoid it.

Prince Alexander Menshikov put an end to the dirty past of the pond. After the favorite of Peter I bought a mansion near filthy pond, he decided to clear the reservoir, strictly forbidding polluting it. And the butchers left Myasnitskaya Street. Since then, the ponds have been called Clean. However, historians claim that Menshikov cleared the ponds that were not known to us, located behind the White Wall, but those that were located in the depths of the quarter. Now in their place is Chistoprudny Boulevard and a pedestrian zone.

Familiar to every Muscovite, Chistye Prudy appeared later. Their first mention is in the documents of the Catherine era, devoted to plans for the destruction of the walls of the White City and the construction of the boulevard. Three ponds were noted there, but they were equipped after Patriotic War 1812, only one. Despite this, in the popular memory the name was preserved in the plural.

In 1820, Chistoprudny Boulevard was built near the ponds. It became the second longest after Tverskoy: its length was 822 meters. The boulevard was inhabited by people of different social strata: from the Moscow nobility, who built luxurious mansions along the inner side of the street, to the townspeople and merchants, who built up the outer side with their yards. At the same time, the tradition of festivities along Chistoprudny Boulevard has remained since the time of Griboyedov and Pushkin.

Until 1958, a boat station worked at Chistye Prudy: in the summer it was possible to ride a boat. In winter, when the ice froze, everyone who wanted to take them on "clean" skates. In 1960, the banks of the ponds were reinforced with stones and then with concrete.

Fortunately, the transformations of the Soviet era did not affect Chistoprudny Boulevard:

buildings have not changed their appearance since the end of the 19th century. For example, the Coliseum cinema, designed by architect Roman Klein, is still located at 19A Chistoprudny Boulevard, only now it houses the Sovremennik Drama Theatre.

Chistye Prudy may have become one of the most mentioned Moscow reservoirs in Russian literature. So, for example, Yuri Nagibin called the ponds "the focus of the most beautiful", which filled his childhood, "the most joyful and saddest, because the sadness of childhood was also beautiful." He called the famous ponds a school of nature: “We fished here, and it happened that not just a black leech wriggled on a hook, but a real silver bait. And it was a miracle to catch a fish in the city center.”

The writer also noted that in his time

among the boys there was the title of "chistoprudnye". It gave the right to fish, ride a boat, climb ice boulders in winter and build snow fortresses.

Only those who lived on the boulevard could earn it: the inhabitants of the nearby lanes were denied the title. “Not only could we not approach the pond, but simply crossing the boulevard on the way to school was fraught with considerable risk. A broken nose, a purple bruise under the eye, a hat torn from the head is the usual retribution for insolence, ”wrote Nagibin.

Patriarch's Ponds

Patriarch's Ponds is not only the name of the famous reservoir itself, but also the surrounding square and residential microdistrict, on the territory of which there are three churches, a synagogue and more than 15 embassies.

In place of the "patricks" there used to be a goat swamp. It got its name either because of the goats grazing here in huge numbers, or because of the proximity to the place where goat wool was processed and delivered to the royal and patriarchal courts. However, there is also a conspiracy theory, according to which it was not the goats, but the intrigues that the evil spirits repaired by the inhabitants of these places.

Allegedly, on the site of a swamp in ancient times, pagan priests drowned their victims, and before that they often cut off their heads. Patriarch's ponds, an hour of an unprecedentedly hot sunset, a severed head - it reminds me of something ...

At the beginning of the 17th century, Patriarch Hermogenes decided to build his residence on the Goat Bog. So, in its place, the Patriarchal Sloboda appeared, which included several churches. In 1683, the clergy ordered to dig three ponds for breeding fish for the patriarchal table: two on Presnya, where expensive varieties of fish were bred, and one on the Goat swamp, where cheaper livestock were launched.

Subsequently, the Patriarchal Sloboda fell into decay. The ponds were started up, and the area became swampy again. They were remembered only in the first half of the 19th century: then it was decided to bury the old reservoirs and leave one decorative pond. A square was laid out around it and began to be called "Boulevard of the Patriarch's Pond".

The spring flood of 1897, which seriously polluted the pond, made the Moscow authorities seriously think about the "perfect filling" of the reservoir.

The City Duma argued that the existence of a pond in "a densely populated area does not cause any real need." The story ended well: the "patricks" were spared and decided to fill it with fresh Mytishchi water.

The skating rink on the Patriarch's Ponds, built on the frozen surface of the reservoir and so beloved by Muscovites today, gained its popularity at the end of the 19th century. It is known that, for example, the writer Leo Tolstoy took his daughters there to skate in winter.

It is noteworthy that the Soviet authorities, as part of the fight against religion, renamed the Patriarch's Pond into Pionersky, and with it the Patriarch's Lane, located in the neighborhood. However, despite the renaming, the people continued to call the pond Patriarchal.

Golitsyn pond

Today Golitsynsky Pond can rightly be called the heart of Gorky Park. The reservoir consists of the Big and Small ponds, which are connected by a narrow isthmus. Work on its creation began in 1954.

Over the entire period of its existence, the reservoir has changed its name several times: in Soviet times, the pond was called Pioneer, but after the collapse of the USSR, it was returned to it historical name, and Pionersky began to be called the pond at the main entrance to the park. The pond retained the name of Prince Dmitry Golitsyn, who created the Golitsyn Hospital for the Poor in 1802 (today the First City Hospital).

In the 30s of the 20th century, waterfowl were brought into the pond: among them were two swans with black necks of a rare breed. Currently, the birds delight visitors to the park only in summer: in winter they are carefully moved to special houses. Until recently, the Golitsyn reservoir was completely covered with algae. This problem was solved by 400 kg of fish released into the water by the management of the park. It was she who cleared the pond of silt and algae. Today, silver carp, carp, crucian carp, perch and white carp live in the pond. Reeds, reeds and water lilies are planted along the shore.

Nearby is the so-called "Island of Dance". Now it is not used for its intended purpose, but in the 1930s one of the most beautiful stages in the park was located here.

On the shore, on the site of the modern Ostrovok cafe, there was an amphitheater for spectators (about 700 seats). There one could watch a performance, a ballet, an opera, and artists from the Bolshoi Theater often performed on stage.

Today big square reservoir gives citizens the opportunity to rent catamarans on boat station. The main thing is not to disturb the peace of graceful swans and ducks, the real owners Golitsyn pond. Near the pond there are sun loungers and benches: feel free to land on them and have a picnic. Park Wi-Fi and sockets located next to the sunbeds will help you stay connected. In the evenings, lamps will create a romantic atmosphere, slightly illuminating the water surface of the pond.

Ostankino pond

Ostankino pond dug at the beginning of the 17th century in the floodplain of the Ostankino stream. He has two more names - Palace and Akterkin. He received the second during the time of Count Sheremetev, who in the middle of the 18th century built a fortress theater near the pond. According to legend, actresses, tired of a hard life, illness and oppression, committed suicide by drowning in a pond.

However, some historians note that notoriety swept the Ostankino pond long before the sad fate of serf artists. According to some reports,

on the site of the reservoir in the past there was a suicide cemetery, and later - a German Protestant one. From this, historians conclude that the name of the area comes from the word "remains".

It was also emphasized that in ancient times the pagans performed sacrificial rituals at the same place. And, according to one of the mystical versions, restless souls are allegedly pushing the inhabitants of the Ostankino district to commit suicide at the present time.

On the site of the cemetery today there is a small building of the television center. This arrangement gave rise to legends about the ghost of an old woman who was allegedly buried alive near the pond. The sorceress lived in the 18th century, during the reign of Emperor Paul I. It was she who, according to legend, predicted the death of the autocrat during his visit to the estate of Count Sheremetev. Since then, she allegedly walks around Ostankino and portends trouble. At the same time, it was noted that after the death of the old woman, the peak of suicides began in the serf theater of the count.

If we omit all mysticism, then we can say that in the 18th century the pond was popular among the townspeople. People walked along the shore, rode boats, and also launched fireworks at night near the reservoir. Alleys led Muscovites into the depths woodland which used to be a hunting ground. Today, on the pond, you can sit on comfortable benches, feed the ducks, and also try your luck and meet famous TV presenters rushing to work at the Ostankino television center.

Lefortovo ponds

Lefortovo ponds are the main water area of ​​the park of the same name, located in Izmailovo. It appeared in the 18th century as a garden at the palace of Admiral Fyodor Golovin, close associate of Peter I. The park was built by Dutch architects, whom the emperor personally invited to Russia. They installed many dams, red brick terraces and dug ponds, which they later called "Lefortovo".

Each reservoir has its own name: Boot, Northern, Bathhouse, Square, Guitar and Island. Sapozhok Pond is named after its unusual shape, and Gitar Pond used to resemble a church cross, but after the banks “floated” it became like an extended part of a guitar.

Interestingly, the Lefortovo ponds and reservoirs in Izmailovo acted as Chistye Prudy in film of the same name 1965 directed by Alexei Sakharov based on the works of Yuri Nagibin.

Unfortunately, it is forbidden to swim in the ponds (why disturb the rest of the ducks?), but no one will prevent sunbathing. On warm days, all the banks are filled with sunbathing Muscovites. In summer, in the park, you can see elderly citizens throwing fishing rods: they hunt hybrids of crucian carp and carp. However, Rospotrebnadzor experts argue that fish caught in the pond should not be fed even to a domestic cat.

Many of us know that there is a special science - toponymy. This science studies names and therefore is at the intersection of geography, philology and history.

Let us turn today to toponymic knowledge in order to answer the question of whether Chistye Prudy in Moscow was called before. After all, these reservoirs are quite old, so they had some other name.

Let's consider this question in more detail.

Origin story

So, these artificial reservoirs have been known in the capital for a long time. Nearby were butcher shops and slaughterhouses. It was in the waters of these ponds that resourceful shopkeepers dumped their waste products.

That's why the ponds were called "Bad", because the stench emanating from them was difficult to convey in ordinary words.

Now, any tourist who visits here and asks himself the question: “What was the name of Clean Ponds in Moscow before?” - will be able to learn such a story from the guide. In the 18th century, the stench of these ponds reached either Peter the Great, or his faithful servant A.D. Menshikov. As a result, either one or the other ordered to clean up water facilities with such an unpleasant odor.

New name

And so the new name "Chistye Prudy" took root, the history of these places is as follows: after that they became a real property of Moscow. Thanks to beautiful scenery and relative solitude, Muscovites came here to take a walk along the water in the summer, and to ride on the ice in the winter.

Clean ponds have become real resort place, folk festivals and holidays were held here.

cultural significance

In the world of culture, Chistye Prudy in Moscow (as we already know it was called) in the late Soviet era received special significance. This happened because artists began to gather here in the 80s.

However, these were representatives of the so-called subculture: rockers, metalheads, goths. In addition to them, some representatives of the world of poetry and music also appeared.

It was at that time that Igor Talkov's song about these places gained popularity.

Today, young people gather here near the monument to the poet Alexander Griboedov, charity events, flash mobs are often held, and couples in love are walking.

And if you turn to these passers-by with the question: “What was the name of Chistye Prudy in Moscow before?” - hardly anyone will remember that once it was impossible to be here because of the fetid smell. Now these reservoirs are a kind of symbol of Moscow, its greatness and power, centuries old traditions and eternal youth.

There are many places in Moscow that are perceived ambiguously. One of them is Chistye Prudy. In the middle of a wide Chistoprudny Boulevard there was a clear reservoir surrounded by old lindens, chestnuts, well-groomed bushes and neat lawns. Informal youth, fans of some football teams, just fans of hanging out, singing along with the guitar and laughing out loud like to gather here. The pond is surrounded old quarters and a few modern buildings that organically fit into the urban landscape. Above the pond and the small park adjacent to it, the energy of the old Moscow place reigns, filled with a bright and unique history.

The emergence of the pond dates back to the end of the 16th century. Moscow grew, new squares were built up and populated. The buildings erected at that time cut the small river Rachka, which previously flowed in the area of ​​the pond. As a result, part of the river simply dried up. And the swampy part of the area, left by the former river and fed by numerous streams, gradually formed a pond.

It was originally called Pogany. Not far from it was (and is now in the same place) Myasnitskaya street. The butchers who lived on it, who fed the whole of Moscow with meat, were engaged in slaughtering and butchering the carcasses of livestock. They dumped all the waste from their activities into the pond. The water there was always a dirty brown color and exuded a fetid smell, which was especially unbearable in the summer heat. The townspeople tried to avoid this place.

Everything changed during the time of Peter I, when his associate Alexander Menshikov acquired a luxurious mansion not far from Pogany Pond. The view of the pond and the stinking smell coming from it did not please the royal favorite, and he ordered to clear the pond. After the bottom and banks of the reservoir were cleaned, Menshikov forbade the use of the pond for dumping waste from Myasnitskaya Street, and the pond itself was renamed Chistye Prudy (although there was always one pond).

Over time, Chistye Prudy became a place of rest for the townspeople. In the summer it was possible to go boating and swimming here, in the winter ice skating was arranged. From the middle of the 20th century, boating was banned, and swans and ducks settled on the calm surface of the pond, whose offspring still live there.

Now Chistye Prudy is called not only the reservoir itself, but also the adjacent park zone. The nearby metro station bears the same name. This place, like no other, keeps the memory of the old days.

Despite the seeming tranquility, this place keeps the memory of the terrible events of history that it witnessed. It was here that during the time of Ivan the Terrible, more than 100 boyars, accused of treason, suffered a painful death. This happened on the banks of the Rachka River, long before the appearance of the pond. Even earlier, on the banks of the Rachka, there was an ancient temple of pagans, which was destroyed during the time of Christianity. Like any other, this temple possessed powerful power and its destroyers, who threw the sacred attributes of pagan worship into the water of Rachka and set fire to everything that burned, were severely punished for their deeds.

All these events could not but leave a trace on the long-suffering land of this place. Subtle natures feel anxiety, fear here, try not to linger in the vicinity of the pond. In addition, natural water sources have dried up. Now the pond is being filled with tap water, which also does not have the best effect on the energy emitted by this place.

But for those who just want to be near the water and enjoy beautiful view, Chistye Prudy is a real oasis in the center of a noisy metropolis.