Official name: Republic of Chile. As soon as our plane began to descend and the snow-capped peaks of the Andes appeared, I could no longer tear myself away from the window

Chile is one of the most remote countries from Europe, located in the southwest South America, stretching out as a long narrow strip of land between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes. This mysterious, remote and isolated country offers its guests the widest range of tourist attractions.

Visa to Chile The Russians have not needed it for a long time. Citizens of the Russian Federation can stay in Chile without a visa for ninety days.

How to get to Chile

It is most reasonable to start a trip from the capital of the country - this is the most Big City, and flights there will be much cheaper and more frequent than to other cities in Chile.

The easiest and most logical option is to fly to Santiago ( Arturo Merino Benitez airport) from Russia - these are flights of one of the European airlines with a connection at the airport of its base. These are Iberia, Air France and Chilean Lan. The latter carrier, however, only flies to Madrid, but thanks to codeshare agreements, you can fly to Madrid on the S7, and all this will be issued on one ticket. You can also fly with one stop with Delta and American Airlines via New York. However, due to the small number of airlines on the route, prices are not encouraging at all. Therefore, to save money, you can consider the option of flying through neighboring countries. It can be both cheaper and richer in terms of impressions.

Recently, tourists are increasingly combining visits to Chile with Argentina and Peru. From Santiago to Buenos Aires (and, accordingly, vice versa) it is most convenient to get direct airline flights. Today, this airline is considered the undisputed leader in the Latin American aviation market. LAN is famous for its impeccable service and reliable aircraft, but its ticket prices are quite high. The average cost of an economy class ticket on the route Santiago - Buenos Aires - Santiago is about $300. Less popular on this route is the Argentine airline. Periodically, these airlines arrange sales and promotions where you can grab tickets for $200. The flight lasts only an hour and a half, so it is not surprising that among the inhabitants of these two South American capitals it is customary to fly back and forth on weekends.

You can fly from Santiago to Lima and back for about $400, provided you buy a ticket a few months before departure. Right before departure, prices can reach $700. Travel time is four hours.

Information about the main air gates of the country (photo, description of terminals, ways to get to the city) - on the page Santiago Arturo Merino Benitez Airport .

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Weather in Chile

In terms of climate and weather, Chile is a completely unique country. The unusual length of the country (more than 4,000 km from north to south) has led to the presence here of all the climatic zones existing on the planet, with the exception of the tropics, so it is not surprising that the climatic conditions between regions vary greatly. The country is stretched in a narrow ribbon along the coast of the Pacific Ocean and is geographically divided into five main natural regions: the Great North, the Little North, the Central part, the South and the Far South.

In the north, an arid, desert climate prevails, in the central part - Mediterranean and continental, and in the extreme south - cold and humid, with a lot of precipitation and strong winds, especially in the Patagonian pampas. Climate the Antarctic part of the country is polar, with heavy snowfalls. Easter Island and the Juan Fernandez Archipelago (where famous island Robinson Crusoe) are characterized by a subtropical climate with pleasant temperatures, moderate humidity and little difference between the seasons.

Cities and regions

In administrative terms, the territory of Chile is divided into 15 regions, which in turn are divided into numerous provinces and communities. Each of the regions has its own interesting specifics and features, both natural-geographical and cultural-historical.

Arica and Parinacota (Fifteenth Region)

This region, designated by the number 15, was created by the Government of Chile relatively recently - in 2007, thus violating the historically established numbering structure. Bordered to the north by Peru and to the east by Bolivia, Region 15 covers an area of ​​16,873 km² and is home to approximately 192,000 people. Traditionally, the region's economy has been based on the extraction of natural resources, mainly copper, as well as the fishing industry and the production of fishmeal. In the past, the main wealth of this zone was saltpeter.

WITH geographic point In terms of view, this area of ​​the Great North of Chile is characterized by a desert landscape. The scenery and climate vary greatly as you move inland from the coast. The coastal climate is very mild, with average temperatures throughout the year ranging from 20 to 25 degrees. In the highlands and in the desert, there are very sharp fluctuations in day and night temperatures. Precipitation here is extremely rare and in small quantities.

Notable cities and / or sights of the region:

Tarapaka (First Region)

In the historical numbering structure of Chile, this region is number one. In fact, this is the second region of the country from the north, located between the Pacific Ocean and Bolivia. The area of ​​this region of the Greater North of Chile is 42,225.8 km², and the population is more than 314 thousand people. The area is characterized by an arid and barren climate and a very narrow coastal zone. The rest of its territory is occupied by high mountain plateaus and hills. Distinctive feature This region is a large number of salt marshes and salt lakes. There are also many volcanoes and lagoons and a fairly rich wildlife - llamas, guanacos, vicuñas and flamingos are found here in abundance.

Antofagasta (Second Region)

This is the third region of the Great North of Chile, located between the Pacific Ocean and the border with Bolivia and Argentina, covering an area of ​​126,049.1 km². The population of this region is approximately 575 thousand people. The terrain and geography of the Second Region of Antofagasta have much in common with the First Region of Tarapaca. The economy of this area is based mainly on the extraction of copper, here are the largest mining mines in the country, including the largest open pit in the world Chuquicamata (Chuquicamata). In addition to copper, there are many other natural resources in this region, such as gold, silver, iron and iodine. Particular emphasis is placed on the fishing industry, especially on the production of fishmeal. The population of this region is dominated by the descendants of Croatian immigrants, so do not be surprised that most of the locals look completely European.

• Atacama Desert
• Atakama Salt Marsh and Lagoons

Atacama (Third Region)

This region should not be confused with the Atacama Desert, which is located in the Second Antofagasta Region. The third Atacama Region, the last region in the classification of the natural zone of the Great North, is located between the Pacific Ocean and Argentina on an area of ​​75.452 km² and is a major mining center of the country, whose economy is based on the extraction of copper and silver. This is one of the least populated regions of Chile, with a population of approximately 290,000 people.

• Copiapó

Coquimbo (Fourth Region)

This region, with an area of ​​40,579 km², is part of the natural area called the Little North of Chile. The population of the Coquimbo Region is approximately 718 thousand people. The region's economy is based on agriculture, fishing, mining and tourism.

• Punta Choros Marine Reserve

Valparaiso (Fifth Region)

The Fifth Region of Valparaiso is the most important industrial, port, agricultural and tourist region of the country with a population of 1,734,917 people. The area of ​​this region is 16,396 km², and territorially it is part of the Central Natural Zone of Chile. The capital of the Fifth Region - the city of Valparaiso, which has the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is picturesquely spread on the hills along the huge Pacific bay.

In this region, it is also interesting to visit such resort towns as Viña del Mar and Algarrobo, where the house-museum of Pablo Neruda is located in Isla Negra. The Fifth Region includes the two main islands of Chile - the Juan Fernandez archipelago and Easter Island.

Santiago (Capital Region)

The largest and most developed economic and tourist region of the country, which includes six provinces. Located in the heart of Chile, the Capital Region was excluded from the established numbering scheme of the country's regions. Instead of numbers, he was given the initials RM (Region Metropolitana), which in Spanish means Capital Region. As of 2012, the population of the Capital Region was 6,685,685 people.

The main region of the country covers an area of ​​15,403 km². The name of this region speaks for itself - the capital city of Santiago is located here. This is the richest and most developed region of the country in all respects, where large financial capital, international companies, various industrial production, excellent tourist infrastructure are concentrated, and agriculture, in particular, winemaking, is well developed. In the Casablanca Valley around Santiago, there are numerous wineries that are sure to be a pleasure to visit. The most famous wineries in this region are Morande, Indomita, Veramonte and Casas del Bosque. In this region, just an hour's drive from Santiago, there are the best ski resorts in the country, such as Valle Nevado, El Colorado, Farellones and La Parva. Lovers of nature and mountain landscapes will be interested in visiting the picturesque Maipo Gorge, not far from Santiago.

O "Higgins (Sixth Region)

An important mining and agricultural region of the country with a population of 883,368 people and an area of ​​16,387 km². The development of this region is largely due to its proximity to the Capital Region - the capital of the Sixth Region, the city of Rancagua, is located only 96 km from Santiago.

Interestingly, the world-famous philanthropist and industrialist Solomon Guggenheim left his mark in Chile. It was he who founded the Bradden Copper Co. in Sewell. and did a lot for the development of the industry of this country. No wonder the Guggenheim is loved and revered in Chile.

The sixth region has long been famous for its winemaking. On the territory of the largest wine-growing valley Colchagua (Valle de Colchagua) there are such famous wineries as Viu Manent, Santa Rita, Cono Sur, Lapostolle. Thermal relaxation is represented here by the two oldest traditional thermal complexes - Termas de Cauquenes and Termas del Flaco. It should be noted that the thermal type of recreation in Chile is very developed; health-improving complexes there is a lot here, and almost every region boasts miraculous thermal springs with a wide variety of healing waters.

Here is located national park Reserva Nacional Rio de los Cipreses, where you can see the typical flora and fauna of the Cordillera ecosystem. For active recreation, all kinds aquatic species sports and fishing, Lake Rapel, the largest artificial lake in the country, 102 km from Rancagua, is perfect. Here you can rent wooden cabins cabanas. This type of recreation is very common among Chileans.

Maule (Seventh Region)

The seventh Maule Region is located in the heart of the central zone of Chile, 258 km south of Santiago. The population of this region is 968,336 people, and the territory is 30,269 km². This is, first of all, the richest agricultural region where apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots and, of course, grapes are grown.

Maule Valley — this is the most important wine region of Chile, here are many famous wineries, both traditional family and modern, new generation. The road of wine passing through this valley attracts many fans of enotourism. The most famous wineries of the Maule Valley - Valdivieso, San Pedro, J. Bouchon, Gillmore offer everyone visiting their cellars and vineyards, as well as tasting their wines. The Maule Valley is also the largest region for growing asparagus.

Almost on the border with Argentina, there is another interesting natural place in this region - the huge Laguna del Maule, whose bright blue waters abound with trout.

Bio-Bio (Eighth Region)

It is the second most important economic and demographic region of the country. The eighth region covers an area of ​​37,068.7 km², and approximately 1,971,998 people live on its territory. Many important ports of the country are also concentrated here, the main of which is the military port of Talcahuano. This region opens the list of regions that make up the natural region called South Chile.

• Thermal Spa Termas de Chillan

Araucania (Ninth Region)

This region of the South of Chile is known primarily as the birthplace of the indigenous Mapuche Indian population of the country. The ninth region covers an area of ​​31.843 km², and approximately 970 thousand people live on its territory.

• Villarrica National Park
• El Cagny nature reserve

Los Rios (Fourteenth Region)

This region violates the historical structure of the administrative numbering of Chile, and the reason for this is that it has recently split from the Tenth Region of Los Lagos. The fourteenth Los Rios Region got its name from a large number rivers flowing through its territory. The Rivers Region covers an area of ​​18,429 km² and is home to approximately 380,000 people. The economy of this region of the South of Chile is represented mainly by the woodworking industry and cattle breeding.

Los Lagos (Tenth Region)

It is easy to guess that this region got its name from a considerable number of local lakes. And, indeed, there is more water than land. On the territory of the Chilean Lake District there are 12 large lakes and several smaller ones. The lakes are of glacial-tectonic origin and are distinguished by their extraordinary beauty and diverse palette of colors - dark blue, turquoise, emerald reservoirs surrounded by mountains and volcanoes, interconnected by rivers. The extraordinary natural beauty of this region contributed to its prosperity and tourism development.

Today it is one of the most developed regions of the country in terms of tourism and the most popular tourist destination among Chileans and foreign tourists. The Lake District is famous for being the most Europeanized region of the country, the appearance of which was greatly influenced by the German colonists. In the middle of the 19th century, the Government of Chile allocated considerable funds for the development of this region. The mass settlement of these desert lands by German settlers began, who created cities here in a typical German architectural style and raised the economy of this region. Today, many descendants of German settlers live in this region, so do not be surprised to see typical Aryan faces on the streets.

The area of ​​the Lakes Region is impressive in its size, it is 48,585 km², and approximately 836,000 people live on its territory. The economy of the Lake District is represented mainly by fishing and agriculture. Geographically, the region consists of four provinces - Chiloe, Llanquihue, Osorno and Palena.

Aisen (Eleventh Region)

This region opens the geographical area of ​​Patagonia of the Far South of Chile. Located in upper Patagonia, the Aisen region covers an area of ​​108,494.4 km², and no more than 100,000 people live on its territory. It turns out that this is the least populated region of the country. Administratively, this region is divided into five communes - Aisen, Capitan Prat, Coyaique and General Carrera. The capital of the region is the city of Coyaique, the second largest city is Puerto Aisen.

There are several versions about the origin of the name of this region. According to the most common of them, Aisen in English means “the end of the ice” (iceend), and Captain Fitz Roy gave this name to the local lands during his expedition. Other theories attribute the origin of the name to the local Indian dialects, meaning in some cases crooked fjords, and in others inland fjords.

The legendary Carretera Austral, or Antarctic Road, Chile's most picturesque landscape road, passes through the territory of the Eleventh Region. 1240 kilometers of this road connects Puerto Montt with Villa O'Higgins in the extreme south of the region, passing forests, canals, fjords, colorful lagoons and lakes, rivers, waterfalls and glaciers. Carretera Austral was built relatively recently, about thirty years ago, and before that, during the winter, the population of the Aisen region was completely isolated from the rest of Chile. In the summer, transportation was carried out by water. Not surprisingly, isolation from the outside world is one of the features of local life.

By virtue of its glacial origin The rugged relief of this region is filled with hills, canyons, meadows against the backdrop of snow-capped mountains, representing a kind of mix of Alpine, Altai and Siberian landscapes. The climate in these parts is harsh and inhospitable, characterized by cold and long snowy winters, rainy autumn with strong winds and short temperate summers. On the coast, the climate is oceanic, and in the depths - cold steppe.

Due to its isolation, the Aisen Region cannot be called an economically developed region of the country; the population is mainly engaged in cattle breeding and the forest industry. It is interesting that the way of life and traditions of the locals are very close to the way of life of the Argentine gauchos, which is quite understandable - the border with Argentina is within easy reach, this proximity has led to such a historical similarity. Residents of border regions constantly travel back and forth for shopping, have relatives here and there, which naturally contributes to the similarity in their lifestyle, habits and traditions. This is a feature of the lifestyle of the population of this region.

In recent years, the Chilean government has been betting on the development of the tourism potential of this region, but today Aisen is still completely undeveloped in terms of tourism, and its tourism infrastructure is, if not in its infancy, then certainly in a diaper state. It can be said that this most beautiful natural region of Chile is only taking its first steps in the tourist direction, but this does not at all lose its attractiveness and pristine charm. It is quite possible that in a few years tourism will be put on stream here, which will inevitably affect the virgin nature of the region.

To get to this region from Santiago, you must first fly to the city of Balmaceda, and then take a bus or taxi to the city of Coyaique (65 km.), From where all routes along this marvelous land begin.

A regular fare on the Santiago-Balmaceda-Santiago route costs about US$150. Travel time is just over two hours.

Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica (Twelfth Region)

Located in the extreme south of the country, the Twelfth Region includes 4 provinces and 11 communes. It consists of two regions - the continental and Antarctic. The main part of the population of the region lives in the continental zone, and its area is 132,033.5 km². The territory of Antarctica with an area of ​​1,250,257.6 km² is separated from the mainland by the Drake Passage. Thus, common area The Twelfth Region, taking into account the area of ​​the commune of Antarctica, is 1,382,291.1 km², and the population is just over 158 thousand people (2010). It is one of the least populated regions of the country due to its harsh climatic conditions. The Magallanes region consists of four provinces: Antarctica, Magallanes, Tierra del Fuego and Ultima Esperanza. The population of the region is mainly engaged in cattle breeding, especially sheep breeding, as well as fishing. The oil and gas industry is also developing here, in view of the discovery in the forties on the territory of Tierra del Fuego oil and gas fields.

The history of these lands is very interesting and instructive. Magellan discovered these places in 1520, when his expedition was trying to find a way out to the Pacific Ocean from the Atlantic. Initially, he christened it the Strait of All Saints, and called the lands around the strait the land of the Patagons in honor of the local peoples, who, with their size, reminded him of the mythical giant Patagon. Hence the common name of these places - Patagonia. The Strait of Magellan has the shape of the Latin letter S, and separates the Brunswick Peninsula, where the capital of the Punta Arenas region is located, from the island of Tierra del Fuego, which is located so close to the mainland that its outlines are visible from the Punta Arenas embankment. The merits of Magellan in the history and development of this region are so great that it is not at all surprising that locals immensely revere the great navigator. They even call themselves not Chileans, but Magellanics, in honor of Magellan. The colonization of these lands really began quite late, in 1843, when President Manuel Bulnes ordered an expedition to be sent from Ancud (Chiloé Island) to develop these remote territories. Thus, the first settlement arose - Fort Bulnes. Later, sheep were brought here from the island of Chiloe and the Falkland Islands, which gave impetus to the development of sheep breeding. At the end of the last century, active colonization of these places began, a huge amount of land was distributed, large farms were created. But if German settlers mainly came to the Lakes Region, then Croats and the British prevailed here. The most famous and wealthy settlers of these places are the Brown, Menendez and Nogueira families.

Punta Arenas is still decorated with magnificent palaces of these families. The reverse side of the medal of this policy was the almost complete extermination of the local Yagan and Selknam tribes, the seizure of their lands by settlers and, as a result, the fabulous enrichment of the colonists.

Chilean Antarctica

Chilean Antarctica is a province within the Twelfth Region. In turn, it consists of two communes - Cabo de Hornos and Antarctica. The administrative center of the Chilean Antarctic is the city of Puerto Williams, competing with the Argentinean Ushuaia for the title of the southernmost city in the world. Severe climatic conditions prevent the mass settlement of these lands, for example, the population of the Chilean Antarctic is only 2392 people. It is the closest to Antarctica from here.

Despite the fact that Antarctica is the most severe climatic region of the Earth, recently this continent has become the object of close attention of tourists from all over the world. And this is not at all surprising, because sophisticated travelers have already explored all the tourist corners of the Earth, and the poles still remain white spots on the map.

The ideal time to travel to Antarctica is December-January, when there are most clear days here. Currently, the territory of Antarctica is divided between 7 countries: Great Britain, France, Norway, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina and Chile, but does not belong to any state. Only scientific activities are allowed on its territory.

Departure from Punta Arenas to Antarctica cruise ships, but the cost of such cruises is simply astronomical. A more economical alternative would be commercial flights between November and April. There is a choice of both one-day and two-day similar tours. Planes usually land at the Frey meteorological base, which is located next to the Russian Bellingshausen base. Flights and organization of stay at the station are provided by the Chilean airline. The cost of such flights is quite high - from 3 to 4 thousand dollars, but compared to expensive cruises, this option will in any case be more economical. During a one-day air tour, travelers usually visit King George Island (Isla ReyJorge), a kind of capital South Pole, where President Frey's research station is located, as well as the village of Villa Las Estrellas, with a population of 120 in summer and 80 in winter.

Antarctica has a huge field of activity for curious and active travelers: here you can take a tour of the Antarctic ice fields, fly a helicopter over glaciers, cruise along the coast, cruising between giant icebergs, and enjoy the marine life of the generous Antarctic waters that harbor populations of blue whales. , elephant seals, seals, seals and emperor penguins.

What to see

A visit to Chile begins, as a rule, from the capital. Therefore, about attractions in santiago and other worth visiting places in the city you can read in separate material. Other interesting places in the country are very scattered. Below you will find links to various places of interest in Chile, from almost the equator to almost Antarctica.

National Parks of Chile

Chile is famous for its pristine nature and boasts unique natural parks in various geographical areas. This is the main asset of the country, which is carefully protected and supported by the state. Total in Chile 33 natural park, the most famous of which are the following:

• Torres del Paine National Park
• Laguna San Rafael National Park
• Rapa Nui National Park(Easter Island)
• Juan Fernandez Archipelago National Park
• Villarrica National Park
• Vicente Perez Rosales National Park
• Pan de Azucar National Park
• Lauca National Park(Lake Chungara)
• Isluga Volcano National Park

Attractions

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and recreation areas

Leisure

Transport

Wellness vacation

Private guides in Chile

Russian private guides will help you get acquainted with Chile in more detail.
Registered on the Experts.Tourister.Ru project.

Things to do

Enotourism (wine tourism)

This is a new direction in tourism, the purpose of which is to get acquainted with the culture and history of the regions through the study of wine-making traditions. In recent years, enotourism has become extremely popular in Chile, replenishing the ranks of its adherents both among the Chileans themselves and among foreign visitors.

March is a special month in Chile, when the whole country walks in the festivals of the harvest of Vendimia. These festivities are held in different wine regions countries, usually in the first half of March. In the central region, very interesting and colorful Vendimias take place in the cities of San Fernando, Santa Cruz and Pirque. Gastronomic pleasures and wine tasting at such celebrations are usually accompanied by musical performances, the election of a Queen from among the local girls, competitions in the national cueca dance, rodeos and demonstrations of local cowboy outfits Huaso (huaso). During the festival of Vendimia, it is customary to crush grapes in barrels. The barrels are freely available to everyone, so you can come and press at your pleasure.

Thermal holidays in Chile

It is not surprising that thermal holidays are very popular in Chile, because the country is rich in springs with a wide variety of characteristics and healing properties. Thermal complexes are scattered throughout the country, each region boasts its own unique thermal water. Of the thermal complexes closest to Santiago, the following can be recommended:

• Termas de Jahuel ;
• Termas de Corazon ;
• Termas de Cauquenes.

From other regions of the country, the following thermal resorts are very popular:

• Termas de Puyeue in the Los Lago region c
• Termas de Chillan in the Bio Region - Bio
• Termas de Panimavida in the Maule Region
• Termas de Quinamavida in the Maule Region

Ski resorts in Chile

Alpine skiing began to develop in Chile relatively recently, at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, lovers of this winter sport come to Chile to enjoy the beautiful slopes, slopes and relax among the snow-white plains of the Andes. ski season in Chile it starts in June and ends at the end of September, and in the south of the country it ends in the middle or end of October.

The best ski resorts in the Central Zone are the following (you will find a lot of detailed information on the links):

Here you will find a well-developed tourism infrastructure, hotels for every taste and budget, modern ski lifts, long slopes, as well as ski equipment rental. The ski season in Chile is quite short, it usually lasts from mid-June to the end of August. But, nevertheless, this is one of the few places on the Latin American continent where it snows at all and you can ski, and therefore it is in great demand, especially among neighbors from hot Brazil. The resorts of Portillo, La Parva, El Colrado and Valle Nevado are an hour's drive from Santiago and you can come here either on your own in a rented car or by public transport. The main advantage of these resorts is that if the weather is good, you can ski and sunbathe on the Pacific Ocean in one day.

There are also other resorts in Central Chile, but less equipped, there are fewer slopes and lifts.

• Chapa Verde
• Pucon
• Antillanca (Antillanca)

Resorts outside the central part of Chile, but also interesting and popular. However, the number of difficult tracks (red and black) here is much less than in the resorts of the central part of the country. This is offset by the excellent opportunities for off-piste skiing, and is complemented by the possibility of swimming in the thermal waters in the open air.

• Lagunillas
• Antuco
• Corralco (Corralco)
• El Fraile
• Cerro Mirador (Cerro Mirador)

Movement around the country

Public transport in Chile it is developed quite well and is represented by planes, buses, trains and ferries.

Aircraft

The main mode of transportation in such a long country is, of course, air. It makes no sense to travel by car or bus from Santiago to the extreme north or south, it would be a waste of time. Moreover, the policy of the LAN airline to promote domestic tourism makes flights between the cities of the country relatively inexpensive. Given that advance purchase tickets of this airline it is possible to find very attractive offers on various tourist destinations within the country. For comparison, here is the average cost of tickets to the most popular domestic destinations (round trip):

• Santiago - Calama: $150
• Santiago - La Serena: $60
• Santiago - Temuco: $90
• Santiago - Puerto Montt: $120
• Santiago - Balmaceda: $140
• Santiago - Punta Arenas: $170
• Santiago - Iquique: $160
• Santiago - Easter Island: $400

Basically, all flights are carried out through the capital of Chile, Santiago. If you need to get from Calama, say, to Arica, you will first have to return to Santiago and from there fly north again - this is an obvious inconvenience.

In the southern direction, however, the situation is different. Here you can conveniently combine visiting several cities at once. For example, go from Santiago to Puerto Montt, spend a few days there, and then go from there to Balmaceda or Punta Arenas. Prices for such domestic flights are quite low, from 50 to 120 dollars, of course, subject to early purchase.

Trains

Railway transport in the country is rather poorly developed. During Pinochet's time, many railroads fell into disrepair. It makes sense to use trains only on a small section from Santiago to Talca and Chillana.

Buses

Bus service between the cities of the country is excellently developed. The bus is the most popular mode of transport in the country. The most reliable and popular bus company is. Turbus bus route network covers almost the entire territory of the country.

It makes sense to use the bus service when traveling over relatively short distances. Very popular bus routes from Santiago to such nearby cities like Valparaiso, La Serena, Chillan, Concepción. Buses are comfortable and economical. For example, from Santiago to La Serena and back you can take a bus for only 16 thousand pesos, however, the one-way trip will take more than six hours.

There are various types of buses and seats, the most popular of which are semi-folding seats - semicama and fully folding - cama.

Culture of Chile

In the regions of the South of the country, especially in Patagonia, lamb roasted whole on a spit (Corderoal Palo) and delicious crabs (centolla), which are rich in the waters of the Strait of Magellan, are traditionally signature dishes. Very popular in Patagonia is homemade jam made from wild berries calafate (calafate), sour-tart little berries that grow everywhere in its forests.

In the Lakes Region, you should definitely try the local salmon (salmon), especially with shrimp and krill bechamel sauce, as well as local hake (merluza austral).

The main cuisine of this region was formed under the influence of German gastronomic traditions and is famous for all kinds of sausages, sausages, sauerkraut rolls and magnificent homemade pies with fruits and kuchen berries.

Security in Chile

In terms of security, Chile is considered the most peaceful country in the entire South American continent. The people here are extremely law-abiding and are distinguished by their benevolence and willingness to help the guests of their country, especially this is typical for the Chilean province. The level of crime and corruption in Chile is the lowest in Latin America.

But still, in this calm country, unpleasant incidents sometimes occur, so you should not relax completely, but it is advisable to follow certain precautions:

• In restaurants and cafes, do not leave bags unattended, do not hang them on the back of a chair, it is best to keep the bag on your lap under the table.
• In crowded places, especially in the center of Santiago, carefully monitor bags, photographic equipment and wallets.
• Do not change money on the street, even if they offer a better rate.
• On some streets of Santiago and Valparaiso, there are homeless people, beggars and vagrants. And although they are not particularly aggressive, it is still better to stay away from them.
• Beach Valparaiso - a huge number of stray dogs, which it is wise to avoid.

As for Easter Island, the concept of security simply does not exist there - a completely relaxed, peaceful atmosphere reigns on the island and you can safely walk everywhere even all night long. The same applies to such tourist centers as San Pedro de Atacama, Puerto Varas, Puerto Natales, Coyhaique and Frutillar. In general, the country is conducive to a calm, safe holiday.

State in southwestern South America. The territory of Chile is stretched along the Pacific coast from north to south for 4300 km. Two mountain systems stretch across the country. In the east - the Andes, in the west along the coast - the coastal Cordillera. Chile borders Peru in the north, Bolivia and Argentina in the east, and the Pacific Ocean in the south and west. Chile also owns Tierra del Fuego, Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and the Juan Fernandez archipelago.

The name of the country in the language of the local Arawak Indians means "cold, winter."

Official name: Republic of Chile

Capital: Santiago

The area of ​​the land: 756.9 thousand sq. km

Total population: 16.8 million people

Administrative division: The state is divided into 12 regions.

Form of government: Republic.

Head of State: The president.

Composition of the population: 68% - Creoles, 30% - Europeans (Spaniards, Italians, Germans, French, Basques, Irish, Croats, Yugoslavs and Russians), 2% - Indians (Araucans and Aymaras). Easter Island is inhabited by the Rapanui.

Official language: Spanish. English, German, Aymara, Araucan, Mapuche and languages ​​of other ethnic groups are used.

Religion: 89% - Catholics, 11% - Protestants.

Internet domain: .cl

Mains voltage: ~220 V, 50 Hz

Phone country code: +56

Country barcode: 780

Climate

The climate of the country is extremely diverse, which is explained by its large extent from north to south, the abundance of powerful coastal currents and the influence of the Andes mountain system.

In the north of the country, a tropical desert type of climate prevails. The average monthly temperatures range here from +12 C in winter (May-August) to +22 C in summer (December-March) with the maximum around +38 C. Precipitation is no more than 50 mm. per year, and in some areas of the Atacama it does not rain at all.

Somewhat to the south, the climate changes to subtropical, with summer temperatures within + 22-24, winter - + 12-18 C and precipitation falling mainly in winter (up to 1000 mm.). The same climate regime is on the Easter Islands and Juan Fernandez.

The middle part of Chile. This area is characterized by mild winters and dry, warm summers. In Concepción, 760 mm of precipitation falls annually, mainly in the form of winter showers, accompanying the intrusions of moist masses of Antarctic air. Northern annual rainfall drops to 360 mm in Santiago and 100 mm in Coquimbo, with rain only in winter.

Geography

Republic of Chile, a state located on the southwestern coast of South America between the Andes mountain ranges and the Pacific Ocean. The length of Chile from the city of Arica in the north to Cape Horn in the south is 4025 km, the area is 756.6 thousand square meters. km, while the width of its territory nowhere exceeds 360 km.

The mainland of Chile is bordered in the north by Peru, in the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, in the east beyond the Andes ridges are Bolivia and Argentina. Through the Strait of Magellan, Chile has access to the Atlantic Ocean.

Chile also owns several small islands in the Pacific Ocean: Easter Island, the Sala y Gomez Islands, San Felix, San Ambrosio, the Juan Fernandez Islands, and the Diego Ramirez Islands, 100 km southwest of Cape Horn .

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

Of particular interest is the local flora. It varies depending on the climate zone. In the north, cacti and thorns predominate - this is one of clear examples absolute desert. The central valley is home to several types of cacti and the Chilean pine. To the south of Valdivia is the jungle, where laurel, magnolia, beech and several types of coniferous trees grow. In the extreme south - steppes overgrown with grass.

There is practically no vegetation in the Atacama Desert. Ephemeral grasses and resinous perennials are sometimes found, and feather grass grows on the hills.

In the coastal regions of the central part of Chile, xerophytic vegetation, shrubs and turf grasses dominate, to the south, in conditions of greater moisture, a deciduous forest of southern beech, coniferous and laurel grows. Alpine deserts are located in the mountains, and the Longitudinal Valley is occupied by arable land and gardens.

Ferns, mosses and dwarf trees predominate in the area of ​​the Strait of Magellan and on the island of Tierra del Fuego.

Animal world

The fauna is not as rich as in other countries of the continent, since the Andes, being a natural barrier, prevent the migration of animals. The most common are llama, alpaca, vicuña, puma, guanaco, wolf, two types of deer, chinchilla. Birds are quite widely represented, but the largest ones, typical of other South American countries, are absent.

Here you can go diving or water skiing, but avid fishermen will be extremely disappointed: apart from the trout brought to Chile, there are almost no freshwater fish in the rivers and lakes.

Attractions

Chile is one of the most interesting countries peace. Thousands of years of history, beautiful landscapes, majestic mountains and pristine mountainous areas, an amazing variety of natural complexes, a colorful local population and a rapidly developing economy - these are the main arguments when choosing this country as an object of visit.

The most popular sights in Chile are Chungara Lake, Parinacota Volcano, Atacama Desert, El Tatio Geysers, Miscanti Lake, granite "towers" of Torres del Paine, archaeological sites of Copaquilla and Sapauira, mysterious, and Patagonia - the most southern region American continent are well known far beyond the borders of the country.

Banks and currency

The monetary unit of Chile is the Chilean peso. 1 Chilean peso is equal to 100 centavos. In circulation there are denominations of 20000, 10000, 5000, 2000 and 1000 pesos and coins of 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1 pesos.

Banks operate in weekdays from 09:00 to 14:00 and exchange offices- until 19:00 daily.

In large stores, restaurants and hotels of the main tourist centers You can pay with credit cards. Traveler's checks are best purchased in US dollars and can be exchanged at banks or exchange offices.

Useful information for tourists

In the markets and in private shops you can bargain.

Chile's main beach resort - Viña del Mar - is located just 10 km north of Valparaiso and is usually referred to as the "Garden City" because of its subtropical landscape, palms and banana trees. Horse-drawn carriages ply between attractive mansions of the last century, the beach and the river bank.

Other attractions are pure white sand beaches, numerous parks and excellent museums housed in restored colonial mansions. It is also home to the National Botanical Garden Chile, representing on its 61 hectares of area many hundreds of species of native and exotic plants.

Tips are 10% of the bill, often already included in the total. Taxi drivers don't require tips, but it's a good idea to round the fare up for convenience.

The countries of Latin America are a relatively new tourist destination and, unlike the resorts of the Caribbean, a rather small number Russian tourists come here for vacation. Chile is one of them. We primarily associate this state with the bloody dictator Pinochet, and also with very hot peppers. But the years

go, the military junta has been defeated, and chili peppers can be omitted or consumed in moderation. But the amazing beauty of nature, the wonders of architecture and the mysteries of bygone civilizations have remained and beckon inquisitive travelers.

Tours in Chile rarely pass without a visit on the shore of which there are strange stone moai idols. Scientists still cannot agree on what religious beliefs gave rise to these sculptures and, most importantly, how the ancient islanders brought them to the shores from the quarries. “As a child, we were taught at school - there is no country more wonderful than Chile,” is sung in a song based on the verses of Pablo Neruda. This phenomenal state lies in almost all climatic zones of the planet, and you can ride from the subequatorial jungle to the tundra without crossing

The capital of Chile - Santiago, cannot, of course, be compared with Rio de Janeiro or Buenos Aires, where many buildings of colonial architecture have been preserved, but this city has its own "face", its own special charm. Many travelers consider it as a simple transit point to immediately go to or to Patagonia. However, there is reason to stay here for a few days. From all sides, Santiago is surrounded by a crown of majestic mountain peaks.

The Andes not only form a kind of microclimate, but also serve as a place of recreation for the residents of the capital: mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking, and also snowboarding. Plenty of snow-covered slopes, and a little cold, you can go to the beach, since the capital of Chile lies just an hour from the sea. Having become acquainted with the natural beauties of the surroundings of Santiago, you need to pay due attention to the architectural sights of the city.

All sightseeing tours usually start from Plaza de Armas - the Plaza of Weapons, from which the capital of Chile began. In 1541, the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia built an arsenal on this site, because he felt uncomfortable among the local population. Since that time, the square was also a market, festivals and even bullfights were held on it. Now fountains murmur here, and only the bronze statue of the conquistador reminds of the

stunned. La Chascona is an obligatory point in the excursion program in Santiago. This house of the poet fully reflects his character: here you will not find even walls and right angles, but only a complex interweaving of flights of stairs, garden paths and secret passages.

The capital of Chile is also famous for another building - La Moneda Palace. Once coins were minted here (hence the name), but later a presidential palace was built here. It was he who was bombed by the Pinochet junta in 1973, as a result of which the palace was partially destroyed. Opposite the building of the government residence, a monument is now erected. If you wish, you can get inside the building or simply limit yourself to watching the solemn changing of the guard to the beat of drums and music.