Fishing map of depths, holes and fishing spots on rivers, seas and oceans. Morphometric characteristics and bottom topography

Vladivostok

Amur Bay- an internal bay off the northwestern coast of Peter the Great Bay in the Sea of ​​Japan. It is about 65 kilometers long, 9 to 20 kilometers wide, and up to 20 meters deep.

The first Europeans to discover and explore Amur Bay The British gave him the name "Gverin" - by the name of his admiral. The chronicle of Russian navigation in the Far Eastern waters and the mapping of Russian names geographical objects begins in the second half of the 19th century. In July 1858, the Russian steamship corvette "Amerika", following the order of Putyatin, entered and explored for the first time waters of the Amur Bay.

IN winter time(end of December - mid-March) Amur Bay covered slight ice, and starting from the second decade of April it is completely free of ice. Water Amur Bay are considered warmer compared to the waters of the neighboring Ussuri Bay.

The bottom relief of the bay is relatively flat. Extensive shallows extend from the shores of the northern part of the bay. The undercurrents in the bay are insignificant and are generally determined by the direction of the winds.
The northwestern coast of the Amur Bay, from Cape Bryus to the mouth of the Razdolnaya River, is mainly low-lying, sandy and indented by valleys of many rivers of the Amur Bay.

They flow into the Amur Bay rivers and streams: Amba, Shmidtovka, Rich, Razdolnaya and Pionerskaya, and the largest of them is the Razdolnaya River.

Valleys and ravines leading to coast of the Amur Bay, in some places covered with shrubs and dense forest. In a number of places, spurs of the Black Mountains come out onto the coastline, forming rocky capes. Northern coast of the Amur Bay for the most part hilly, with narrow pebbly and sandy beaches.
The Amur Bay is a habitat for more than 100 species of fish, including valuable commercial species: salmon, herring, flounder, greenling, halibut, pollock and tuna. coastal waters of the Amur Bay rich in trepangs, clams and mussels.

The coast of the Amur Bay fairly densely populated. On its east coast is the capital of Primorsky Krai– port city of Vladivostok. There is also the village of Trudovoye and an extensive resort area with numerous boarding houses of Primorye, children's camps and. Among the latter in terms of comfort and services provided, it should be noted. On the northern shore of the bay are settlements Cool, Angular, Southern Winter, Tavrichanka, Ninth Val, De Vries; on the west - the settlements of Bezverkhovo, Beregovoye, Perevoznoye.

Islands of the Amur Bay: "Kovrizhka", Rechnoy, etc. With the exception of the northeastern part, the Amur Bay allows navigation large ships. Anchorages are located in the bays: Narva, Perevoznaya, Bezymyannaya and on the outer western roadstead port of Vladivostok.

Amur bay map:

Location

Offers

• Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula

  The Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, in Peter the Great Bay (Sea of ​​Japan). Named in honor of Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky.

• De Vries Peninsula

  De Vries is a peninsula in the northern part of the Amur Bay. It is washed by the waters of the Amur (from the west) and Corner (from the east) bays. Named in honor of James Cornelius De Vries, a native of England, who mastered the local lands.

• "Hunting Compound", recreation center

  The recreation center "Okhotnoye Podvorye" is located on the coast of the Ussuri Bay (former Muravyinaya). The recreation center "Okhotnoye Podvorie" is a quiet and secluded place not only on the seashore, but also in the forest.

• Energetik (former Muravyinaya), recreation center

  The recreation center "Energetik" is located on the coast of Muravyinaya Bay, near Vladivostok. On the territory of the base there is a sauna, a playground, a dining room, a volleyball court and a large field for sports games.

Deep in Russian lands two bays jut out Sea of ​​Japan. One of them - Amur, and the second - Ussuri Bay. Vladivostok is located just between them, on the outskirts of the long and wooded Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. In this article, we will introduce you to the Ussuri Bay and its many bays.

Ussuri Bay: photo and brief geographical description

Cold, harsh, uninhabited, but incredibly beautiful - this is exactly what the Ussuri Bay, located in the Far East of Russia, looks like. Nevertheless, on its shores there are several dozen hotels, recreation centers and beaches where you can relax and sunbathe in the summer. Where is Ussuri Bay located? And what are its dimensions?

The Ussuriysky Gulf is located within Russia. It washes the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula from the east, on which the city of Vladivostok is located. In comparison with its "brother" - the Amur Bay, it is much wider, deeper and ... colder. In winter, the northern waters of the bay, as a rule, freeze. Although the thickness of the ice cover is small.

The Ussuriysky Bay has the following parameters:

• length - 67 km;
• width (maximum) - 55 km;
• depth (maximum) - 69 meters;
• total area - 1155 sq. km;
• coastline length - 243 km.

Recreational and tourist potential of the Ussuri Bay

Ussuriysky Bay has a certain recreational and tourist potential. On its banks there are dozens of campsites, hotels and recreation centers where you can stay either in comfortable rooms or in wooden summer houses. The cost of a standard room for two here starts from 600 rubles per day.

The beaches and on the banks of the Ussuri Bay are quite popular among the residents of Vladivostok, primarily due to clean sea and beautiful wild landscapes. Besides local forests attract tourists with an abundance of edible mushrooms and berries. Passive beach holiday can be successfully combined with active hikes and forest walks.

The largest number of beaches and recreation areas are concentrated on the western coast of the bay, near the Vilkov and Muravyinoye capes. Runs along the coast highway, so to any of tourist bases you can easily reach passenger car in any season.

Settlements on the shores of the bay

There are a number of settlements on the coast of the Ussuri Bay. The largest of them, of course, is the city of Vladivostok - the main financial and Cultural Center Total Far East. In addition to it, on the shores of the bay is the city of Bolshoy Kamen, town. Shkotovo, two villages (Emar and Mysovoy) and three villages (Deer, Rechitsa and Sukhodol).

What is interesting about the above settlements? Thus, the city of Bolshoy Kamen, located on the eastern shore of the bay, is known for the fact that the largest shipyard in Russia, Zvezda-DSME, is being built here. The city has a bay, which is ideal for parking large ships.

But the village of Shkotovo can be attractive for tourists. In its vicinity there is a unique safari park where bears, eagle owls, owls, deer, Amur tigers and other animals live. The pride and highlight of the park is the Far Eastern leopard, brought here from the Czech Republic in 2016.

Bays of the Ussuri Bay

The coastline of the Ussuri Bay is quite densely indented with bays and capes. Moreover, East Coast much more dissected.

In total, there are several dozen bays of various sizes in the bay. Some of them are quite colorful and unusual names. All bays of the Ussuri Bay are listed below:

• Podyapolsky.
• Five Hunters.
• Ilm.
• Andreeva.
• Sukhodol.
• Telyakovsky.
• Ant.
• Bay of the Artist.
• Emar.
• Three piglets.
• Azure.
• Landing.
• Glass.
• Ermine.
• Intermediate.
• Patroclus.
• Ajax.
• Paris.

The largest of them is Muravinaya Bay. It is located in the northern part of the bay. The bay is known for the fact that it contains one of the four officially permitted bays. It is worth telling about the other two bays of the Ussuri Bay in more detail.

Lazurnaya Bay - beaches and music

On the western coast of the bay there is an elongated 3-kilometer bay with the poetic name Lazurnaya (the former name was Shamora). It is known for its beaches, disco bars, cafes and attractions.

This is one of the most favorite places for recreation of the residents of the city of Vladivostok. There are several boarding houses and tourist bases on the shore. In summer, you can not only swim and sunbathe here, but also swim in boats, mini-boats and jet skis. By the way, in 2016 the beach Azure Bay entered the top 10 most the best beaches Russia (according to the analytical publication TurStat).

And the Shamora Bay is closely connected ... with musical creativity. She is mentioned in the song of the popular rock band Alisa, and one of the studio albums of the Mumiy Troll group is called Shamora. In addition, since 1976, the festival of the author's song "Primorskie strings" has been held on the shores of the bay.

Unique beach in Glass Bay

On west bank Ussuri Bay is another very interesting bay- Glass. And this name is by no means accidental. A few decades ago, it was turned into a huge glass container dump. Thousands of broken bottles of beer, wine, vodka and other alcoholic beverages covered almost the entire area of ​​this tiny cove in a thick layer.

But nature is on it specific example irresponsible human behavior once again reminded the inhabitants of the Earth who is the rightful owner here. In just a couple of decades sea ​​waves the glass was ground and polished to the state of perfectly smooth pebbles.

Beach today glass bay shines in the sun with all the colors of the rainbow. And now you can walk on it barefoot, not at all afraid to cut yourself on the sharp edges of the glass. After all, they are no longer here. No one! The sea element has eliminated absolutely all traces of human recklessness.

It is curious that today the so-called "Steklyashka" beach is protected by the state as a valuable natural monument. They come here regularly locals, and travelers from other countries to relax and take a series of stunningly vivid and vivid photographs.

Bottom relief (location of pits and "cool" fishing spots) is a key factor influencing the success of fishing. It has more weight compared to the quality of the gear, the fishing technique, the choice of baits, baits and even experience. Full equipment and expensive ammunition will not give anything when casting in a deaf poor place where the fish are missing or weakly biting. A map of depths, holes and fishing spots gives knowledge of the topography of the bottom of reservoirs. The depth map visualizes the features of the underwater landscape, its key characteristics. The tool helps to predict promising fishing areas that promise a significant catch, read the underwater landscape, helps to calculate the lines of change in depth, potentially catchy points. A fishing card is useful when fishing from the shore and from a boat.

The functionality of the map provides a lot of information for any way of catching fish. The map is useful for fishermen, regardless of their experience, due to the large list of parameters necessary for successful fishing. The system is multilevel, based on information from Yandex.Maps. The base includes a compilation of three cartographic resources, which guarantees the accuracy of the calculation results with small errors. The program displays depth indicators in navigable rivers, seas and oceans, calculates potential pits where bites are more frequent, fishing spots for all site participants. You can leave personal "beacons" from successful places where the catch was impressive, so that if necessary, return to a familiar point next time.

Displayed data: depths, holes (including Navionics data), fishing spots added by users, exact coordinates of the desired location. Fishermen have access to zoom, search options, you can select the desired map layer, calculate the current location. Full screen mode introduced. The interface of the card is intuitive - the functionality is balanced, all the necessary buttons are at hand, nothing more. It is easy to use, regardless of fishing experience - the data on the depths of rivers and reservoirs are exhaustive.

Identification of holes, international depths and fishing spots. When you click on the appropriate buttons, you will see the pits fixed by the program that are available in the reservoir of interest. Displays natural depressions from 3 m, starting value depends on bottom relief a given river, sea, ocean and can be reduced. Please note: fishing pits are displayed outside the fairway zone. The service does not determine the length, extent, direction of depressions and other additional characteristics of the landscape. Its functionality is focused solely on calculating the depths of a certain zone and their location. With the help of the presented platform, you can find out the data of rivers, oceans and seas of any region, region.

Visually visualizes the landscape, showing the user the latitude and longitude of the location/point specified by him. After clicking on Right place, the program provides a detailed geographic summary. The function will help you get directions without geographical names, enough coordinates calculated by the fishing map. The location determination option is universal - the information can be used in an echo sounder, GPS device, navigator, chart plotter. The program helps you navigate the terrain thanks to a convenient zoom function and accurate calculation of distances between any number of points.

From the edge of the coast to a depth of about 1.5-2 m seabed there is always a lot of all kinds of living creatures, slippery algae, and even rather sharp grass scratching the skin, covered with hard small spiral shells of Spirorbis worms.

Special measurements have shown that these coastal zones have the highest biological productivity. It is here that plants do the main work of producing oxygen, and here the activity of everything living in our coastal waters is maximum. But it is precisely this part of the sea that is most thoughtlessly poisoned and littered. First of all, human waste is included here.

Further into the depths of the sea, the number of animals and plants continues to increase to a certain depth, and then quickly falls. So, in the Sea of ​​Japan, near Vladivostok, in the Amur and Ussuri Bays, the bandwidth where animal world quite diverse and rich, rarely exceeding 50-100 m. Then quickly begins a silty plain, inclined towards the center of the bay.

If you look at the Amur Bay and bay. The Golden Horn of Vladivostok from space (everyone can now do this by buying a photo map of Vladivostok in the store, compiled by the Research and Production Center "Priroda" in 1992), then a series of dark underwater jets catches the eye. which, like streams running from the Sandy Peninsula, flow into a dark depression stretching along the coast from the Second River to the Egersheld Peninsula. Another isometric basin is visible a little to the north of Skrebtsov Island (the local name is “Kovrizhka”) and rounds off opposite the village. Tavrichanka. The vast fields of the seabed of the Amur Bay are rather shallow and rarely reach a depth of 20-25 m.

Taking measurements with a hand-held depth gauge taken by divers during underwater landscape photography as a basis, we built a relief map of the bottom of the Amur Bay using a computer. By drawing isobaths through each meter, we got an idea of ​​the morphology of the bay bowl. In morphometric terms, the bay is divided into two quite distinctly isolated basins—northern and southern.

The dividing linear elevation stretches from the Sandy Peninsula to the northern end of the Russky Island (the archipelago of Empress Eugenia). At the same time, the difficult water exchange between the basins becomes obvious.

A narrow strip of shallow coastal waters, as a rule, has depths of up to 10 m and is composed of sand, gravel, gruss, small pebbles and rubble, usually poorly rounded. Numerous anemones, oysters, mussels, sea squirts, green and brown algae are attached to solid fragments. In the area of ​​"Kovrizhka" (Skrebtsov Island) and further into the apex of the bay, shallow water is replete with patches of thickets of sea grass - zostera, in which hydroids breed, throwing out masses of small "cross" jellyfish in the warm season of August. This is Gonionema - a poisonous hydroid, a distant relative of jellyfish, corals and sea anemones. At the top of the Amur Bay and the hall. Posieta, this animal sometimes breeds in such numbers that it becomes truly dangerous to swim. Another place where the "cross" is displayed is the vicinity of the Peschanyi Peninsula, where extensive fields of the Segetia are also developed.

The main part of the underwater slightly undulating plains of the seabed of our bays is occupied by black and gray silt with a musty, often hydrogen sulfide smell, sometimes impregnated with fuel oil, interspersed with all kinds of garbage that gets here from ships coming to the First River for refueling and to the Second River for deviation and demagnetization (special polygons are arranged here for them). In the silt in masses, buried to the very top, there are leathery polychaete worms 0.5 cm thick, but up to 20 cm long, covering many hundreds of hectares with a dense carpet. It is almost impossible to see them, because at a depth of 5 m almost constant darkness reigns here due to the turbidity of the water. Only during autumn northern winds Yes, in the spring, while the earth has not yet thawed and there is no rain, it is relatively light in the water. Then only you can see what is happening at the bottom. Large anemones sit on rare fragments of stones or on rusty buckets and fragments of mops. In winter, here you can see spiny serpentine - brittle stars, which feed on bottom fish.

More than 250 sewers discharge 500 thousand tons of sewage and industrial waste from the city every day into the northern basin of the bay with little or no treatment. The Suifun (Razdolnaya) River pours 26-28 times more dirt into the Amur Bay than all industrial and domestic urban drains combined. Agricultural land, pig farms along the banks and in the valley, poultry farms, the city of Ussuriysk with its oil and fat plant, tannery, dairy, city sewage - the waste of all these enterprises goes straight into the river. According to hydrologists, in winter, almost the entire mass river water below Ussuriysk is replaced by sewage. In the bay, deaths, pathogenic viruses and lack of oxygen are common. Fatty black silt accumulates in the recesses of the bay bottom. Worms live in masses in it, which are adapted to the lack of oxygen and to the abundance of organic matter falling on them, which they feed on. In the slaughter area, on Chaika, right at the end of the spit from Skrebtsov Island, black silt is so oversaturated with organic matter that a fetid hydrogen sulfide pit has formed at the bottom.

Where the bottom is not so heavily silted, where the silt is a little more sandy, as if on the banks of an underwater hollow, which meanders like a riverbed, meandering from one coast of the bay to another, verrucoid is common. Here the bottom is bumpy. On small humps of sand, on individual stones, various fragments and on empty shells one can often see continuous brushes of large acute-angled balanuses or sea acorns. These animals secrete a hard calcareous "shell" and. sitting in it. filter through the "antennae" water, catching organic detritus. The bottom here is unfriendly - solid notches and cutting edges, occasionally you can find something exotic, like a children's sled, a motorcycle or even a whole car.

In the Amur Bay, near the Sandy Peninsula, sand was once scooped up in the verrucoid for the construction of the city. However, it was soon noticed that the peninsula was rapidly losing its beach. The collapse of the underwater slope of the peninsula, the retreat of the coast forced the engineers to curtail their activities. However, the underwater hole still, after 2025 years, has not been delayed.

In the northern part of the bay, between Skrebtsov Island and the village. Tavrichanka, at the bottom there is a whole labyrinth of numerous underwater banks and relatively deep water channels (up to 3 m). Banks are stacked with oysters. The razor-sharp edges of the oysters are not very conducive for the diver to touch anything with their hands. On the First River, opposite the dog playground, there was once a city dump. Here the bottom is littered with fragments of broken bricks. cement blocks, slates, iron fittings, old basins and buckets. All this is completely covered with the thinnest, surprisingly sharp shells of oysters that live here in abundance. On an unprotected hand, they leave deep cuts that do not heal for a long time.

Oyster banks north of Skrebtsov Island are genetically related to healing mud. Today, these muds are practically out of order due to bacterial and viral contamination of the bottom surface in the bay. True, sanatorium technologists contrive to disinfect mud for medicinal purposes, but its quality is worse than natural therapeutic mud.

In the silt near the shore, large mantis shrimp Squilla used to dig deep galleries and hide there. They were mistaken for lobsters by fishermen. They were called so - "seaside lobster". Especially a lot of these crayfish were caught in the Sedanka area, at a depth of about 3-5 m.

More or less well-preserved natural underwater landscapes can be observed around the islands adjacent to Vladivostok and administratively included in the city as an island region. There, the degree of pollution is much lower and diving is safer.

The use of special methods for displaying the spatial structure of the Amur Bay ecosystem, based on the ideology of geographic information systems (GIS), allowed us to compile an electronic map of the underwater landscapes of the Amur Bay. The use of the SURFER electronic package of applied programs made it possible to build 24 private factor maps on the basis of the landscape map, among which the most informative were the depth map, soil map, macrophyte algae distribution map, a series of private maps of the spatial distribution of various hydrobionts and their combinations. The use of the AutoCad apparatus made it possible to calculate the relative distribution of areas of various landscape groupings. Table below. well demonstrates the obtained spatial characteristics of the underwater landscape structure of the bay.

Landscape structure of the Amur Bay

The scaling factor is 6.45.

The area of ​​part of the bay is about 500 km 2 , of which 254 km 2 is occupied by black oozes of the retina, i.e., the lowest productive heterotrophic landscapes. Highly productive heterotrophic verrucoid benthems occupy 35% of the bay bed. Metagest and skatebra, heterotrophic bioturbite bentems, occupy slightly more than 10% of the bottom surface. The share of bentems capable of developing primary production and generating oxygen through photosynthesis accounts for no more than 1.5% of the surface of the bottom of the Amur Bay.

Thus, there is a clear eutrophic character of the bay.

If we trace the areal distribution of the main groups of animals and plants and the production structure of bentham, the hypereutrophication of the bay will become quite distinct.

Amur Bay on the map

The waters of the Amur Bay have a salinity of 30 to 20%; numerous rivers and streams flowing into the bay: Razdolnaya, Amboy, Shmidtovka, Rich, etc.
Numerous settlements are located on the shores of the Amur Bay. East Coast - Vladivostok, Trudovoye settlement, a vast resort area with sanatoriums, boarding houses, recreation centers and children's camps. On the north and west coasts small villages are located.
There are many rocky islands of various sizes in the Amur Bay. Among them is the island of Skrebtsov (“Kovrizhka”), an uninhabited, treeless rocky monolith, on which a site of the 1st century BC was discovered. BC.; as well as the islands: Russian and nearby, similar to the "miracle Yudo fish-whale", Snake Island, Lavrov, Rikord, Rechnoy and many others.
The waters of the Amur Bay are rich in fish and marine life, salmon and greenling, herring and pollock, halibut, flounder, tuna and mussels, clams and sea cucumbers are found here, sea ​​stars.
The flora and fauna of the Amur Bay is diverse. The shores of the bay are covered coniferous forests, broad-leaved groves and shrub thickets. On the western shore of the bay, there is the Kedrovaya Pad nature reserve, where the unique forests of southern Primorye are under protection. In the bay area you can go hunting, fishing, diving, hiking. The tourism industry is well developed here. active rest.
A few years ago, at the bottom of the Amur Bay, divers discovered a local "mermaid", however, a concrete one. Previously, the sea maiden adorned the Vladivostok embankment, but, unable to withstand the pressure of the ice, she went to the bottom.
unique, even mystical place, is the Tokarevskaya cat - a man-made dam a kilometer long in the Amur Bay, next to about. Russian. A lighthouse rises on the edge of the cat. This place is very popular with fish, seals, birds and people. Photo materials used from Wikimedia © Foto, Wikimedia Commons