30 countries and their capitals. European capitals alphabetically. Background and creation of the European Union

"How many countries are located in the European part of the world?". This question interests many travel enthusiasts. It is also curious which of them are the most famous, and which are the smallest and inconspicuous on the map? In this article we will talk about European states and their capitals.

General information

Europe is one of the parts of the world, which is located on the territory of more than 10 million km 2. The population is 10% of all people living on Earth and has about 730 million people.

Currently, there are 43 countries on the European part of the Eurasian continent, excluding Russia. Among them are major states, such as Germany, France or Poland, as well as very tiny ones, including Liechtenstein, Andorra, San Marino and others. Russia is not included in this list, since geographically, one part of it belongs to Europe, and the other to Asia.

European states and their capitals are very different: large and not very large, with different populations, with a high standard of living and poorly developed. They are all completely different. Geographically, Europe is divided into parts: Southern, Northern, Western, Eastern and Central. There is a lot to be said about each country. interesting facts, but first of all, you should get acquainted with their main cities.

Majors and their capitals

It occupies a significant place in terms of area and number East End, where 34% of the population of Europe lives, the second place is the west side, the third is the south, and last place- north. But we should not forget that some organizations also single out and include several countries from different parts.

Major European states and their capitals include:

In the southern part: Spain (Madrid), Greece (Athens) and Portugal (Lisbon).
IN Northern Europe no major countries except Sweden (Stockholm) with 9.6 million people.
In the Western part, this list includes Belgium (Brussels) and the Netherlands (Amsterdam).
Eastern Europe- these are Ukraine (Kyiv), Poland (Warsaw), Romania with the capital Bucharest and the Czech Republic (Prague).

One of the most important states in the European part are those that are included in the "big seven". These include: Germany (Berlin), France (Paris), Great Britain (London), and Italy (Rome).

The most sparsely populated countries, where the number of citizens does not reach 3 million people, are:

Montenegro - Podgorica;
Slovenia - Ljubljana;
Malta - Valletta;
Macedonia - Skopje;
Albania - Tirana;
Estonia - Tallinn;
Lithuania - Vilnius;
Latvia, Riga;
Iceland - Reykjavik;
Luxembourg - Luxembourg.

A separate list should include states where the population does not exceed 100 thousand people, but there are few of them, although some of them occupy a rather large area. These include the isolated Vatican, the Principality of Liechtenstein (Vaduz), the Principality of the Principality of Andorra (Andorra la Vella) and San Marino (San Marino).

Other European Capitals

The list of countries located in Europe can be continued further. It includes the so-called "medium" states, where several million people live. These include:

Croatia - Zagreb;
Serbia - Belgrade;
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo;
Finland - Helsinki;
Norway - Oslo;
Denmark - Copenhagen;
Slovakia - Bratislava;
Moldova - Chisinau;
Hungary - Budapest;
Bulgaria - Sofia;
Belarus - Minsk;
Switzerland - Bern;
Ireland - Dublin;
Austria Vienna.

Each country is amazing in its own way and rich in its own historical heritage, traditions and culture. If you are going to travel around Europe, look carefully at the map and make a route by choosing the countries you want to visit.

World famous for architectural monuments And interesting history. It is difficult to answer the question of which one should be visited first. This article briefly discusses some of them, namely the most beautiful capitals ah European states.

Prague

This city, according to generally accepted opinion, is the most beautiful among the capitals of European countries. Abundance here medieval streets, lined with paving stones, a lot unique monuments and Charles Bridge - one of the symbols of the Czech capital. Its length is more than five hundred meters. The famous Prague bridge is associated with important historical events, including the attack of the Swedes, which took place in the middle of the 17th century.

The name of the city that ranks first in the list of the most picturesque capitals European states, translated from Czech as "threshold". There are many legends about the founding of Prague, including legends about the wise ruler Libusha.

Paris

The capital, which was once ruled by one of the world's greatest generals, is famous for Champs Elysees And eiffel tower. In fact, of course, the list of attractions in Paris is quite extensive. We will not list everything here, but we will briefly outline the history of the famous symbol of the French capital.

The metal tower, whose height is more than three hundred meters, cannot be called an ancient monument. It was built only at the end of the 19th century. According to statistics, among all the attractions of the world is the most visited. Every tourist visiting Paris, first of all, seeks to be photographed against the backdrop of the Eiffel Tower.

In 1889, the world exhibition dedicated to the anniversary of the French Revolution was held in Paris. A few years before this event, a competition was organized, the winner of which was to create a project for the structure. The monument reflects the technological and engineering achievements of the country. The authors of the project were employees of the G. Eiffel bureau.

Rome

The third place in the list of the most capitals of European states, photos of which are known all over the world, is occupied by the main city of Italy. Many talented feature films have been created here, among them Fellini's La Dolce Vita. This city is considered one of the most romantic in the world. To the most interesting historical monuments also applies to Piazza Navona, the Pantheon.

Perhaps, it is incorrect to talk about which of the cities in Europe is the most beautiful. For some, this is Moscow. to someone closer Berlin or Athens. But, according to a rating compiled not so long ago based on the reviews of tourists and published in the media, the fourth place belongs to the German capital, the fifth - to the Greek one. Moscow occupies the sixth position in this list. The list of the most beautiful capitals also includes Madrid, Helsinki, Amsterdam.

Most famous cities Europe can be drawn up in a list compiled taking into account various features. Both alphabetically and geographic location, and by age. Below are two more lists, which include the above-mentioned cities.

states from north to south

This list should start with Helsinki. Among European capitals, this city is the northernmost. The list can then be compiled as follows:

Stockholm.
Oslo.
Tallinn.
Copenhagen.
Moscow.
Warsaw.
Dublin.
Prague.
Paris.
Belgrade.
Sofia.
Skopje.

Capitals of European countries in alphabetical order

If you compose full list, then it will include forty-four cities. The first place is occupied by the European capital, which tourists perceive differently. For some, this city is the focus of debauchery. For others, it is the place where great painters worked. We are talking, of course, about Amsterdam. The second position in the list compiled in alphabetical order, occupies Andorra la Vella. The third is Athens. Then there are cities whose names start with "B".

First of all, the capital of Germany comes to mind. But in this list, Berlin is preceded by Belgrade. And then follow the capitals of such states as Switzerland, Slovakia, Belgium, Hungary. Which cities are the political and economic centers of these countries? Bern, Bratislava, Brussels and Budapest.

The full list also includes the capitals of small states, such as Liechtenstein. The main city of the dwarf state is Vaduz. But then we list the most famous capitals:

Brussels.
Warsaw.
Vein.
Dublin.
Copenhagen.
London.
Madrid.
Moscow.
Oslo.
Paris.
Prague.
Stockholm.
Tallinn.
Helsinki.

This article will help you understand the geography of Europe in more detail.

43 countries, not counting Russia, are located on the western part of the major continent. It is believed that the most developed, and some of them belong to the "Big Seven". These are such countries as Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany.

Europe: countries and capitals (list)

It is customary to divide the whole of Europe into eastern, western, northern and southern, but the countries are unevenly located, and somewhere there are 9, and somewhere 15. In addition to 44 countries, there are states that were not recognized or partially recognized - Kosovo, Transnistria and Sealand. There are also European countries with capitals that are dependent states(countries that are not considered independent, but have their own territory, borders, population), there are 9 of them, and most of them belong to the UK, such as Guernsey, Gibraltar or Jan Mayen.

It is impossible to answer unambiguously and divide all countries into parts, because each organization (UNPO, CIA, GNSS, etc.) differentiates them for its own reasons. In this article, the list of countries will be shown according to the UNPO resolution.

Eastern Europe

Before giving brief description this region, you must provide their capitals. Eastern Europe includes 10 countries, some of which were part of the USSR until 1991: Ukraine (Kiev), Poland (Warsaw), Romania (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Slovakia (Bratislava), Moldova (Chisinau), Hungary ( Budapest), Russia (Moscow), Czech Republic (Prague), Belarus (Minsk).

Many believe that Russia does not belong to Europe at all, someone also separates Ukraine. But if you follow the UNPO resolution, then the population of this part is about 135 million inhabitants, not counting Russia. The largest population is in Poland, the smallest in Moldova, and the majority of the population belongs to Slavic group: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and others.

Ukraine is considered in the eastern part, then Poland and Belarus follow.

After the collapse of the USSR, much has changed in the political system, and the economy of most Eastern European countries suffered greatly, which is why today they are not in the first positions in terms of development state structure and life.

Northern Europe

The list of countries in Europe (and their capitals) is much shorter when looking at northern part Europe, and here, mainly on Scandinavian Peninsula, the following states are located. First of all, this is Finland (Helsinki), as well as Norway (Oslo), Denmark (Copenhagen), Estonia (Tallinn), Lithuania (Vilnius), Sweden (Stockholm), Iceland (Reykjavik), Latvia (Riga).

Northern Europe is a small part of the whole of Europe and occupies only 20% of the total area, while the population is only 4%. These are small states major country consider Sweden, where about 9 million people live, and the smallest is Iceland, where the population does not even exceed 300 thousand people.

(in the northern part) - one of the most developed in terms of economic indicators and living standards. Compared to other regions, their economy is stronger, the percentage of unemployment and inflation is low, external and national resources are used more efficiently.

Only high-tech equipment and skilled workers are involved in the production; quality, not quantity, is considered a priority in the economy.

Western Europe

The list of European countries (and their capitals) in the western part mainly takes into account the states where the peoples of the Romano-Germanic and Celtic language groups mainly live. It is one of the most developed regions in the world and includes the following countries: Great Britain (London), Austria (Vienna), Ireland (Dublin), Germany (Berlin), Switzerland (Bern), Belgium (Brussels), Liechtenstein (Vaduz) , the Netherlands (Amsterdam), Monaco (Monaco) and France (Paris).

IN Western Europe About 300 million people live, of which 20 million are immigrants. It is in Western Europe that the so-called immigration hotbed is located, where people come from all over the world, including from poor African countries.

In Western Europe, the area is France, besides, it is the oldest and richest.

Southern Europe

Most big list countries of Europe (and their capitals) is represented in the southern part, which includes 16 states: Italy (Rome), Portugal (Lisbon), Greece (Athens), Serbia (Belgrade), Malta (Valetta), Albania (Tirana), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo), Spain (Madrid), San Marino (San Marino), Slovenia (Ljubljana), Andorra (Andorra la Vella), Montenegro (Podgorica), Macedonia (Skopje), Croatia (Zagreb), Cyprus (Nicosia ).

Many countries of the southern part are located mainly on the coast mediterranean sea, and the population is 160 million people. Italy is considered the largest country, and San Marino is the smallest, with no more than 30 thousand people living there.

Good location and subtropical climate allows many countries to farm and export food. European countries and their capitals are actively developing tourism. For example, Spain is considered the most visited country after France. Many travelers love to relax on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which is why they choose these countries.

In addition to agriculture, the economy develops through the mining industry, the production of machinery and equipment, fabrics and leather.

If you are going to Europe, then preliminary information about the country of destination will not hurt. Including historical information. Since no trip to any country usually bypasses its capital, then the greatest interest represent data about the main city of the state. Acquaintance with the city begins with its name. The names of the capitals of European countries should be known to us from school. But few people know about the origin of these names. The following selection of etymological references will fill this gap in knowledge.

Amsterdam. Capital of the Netherlands. The city is located at the mouth of the river Amstel. fishing village at this place with the name Amstelredamme known since 1282. Translated as "village near the dam on the river Amstel".

Athens. Capital of Greece. The first settlements on this site are known from the 15th-13th centuries. BC e. The ancient Greeks associated the name of the city with the name of the goddess Athena Pallas - its patroness. It is believed that this name appeared even before the ancient Greeks and was given by the Pelasgians. Translated from the language of the latter, it may mean "hill, hill".

Belgrade. Capital of Serbia. The city was founded by the Celts in the 4th-3rd centuries. BC e. entitled Singidun (dun- "Hill"). After the conquest by the Slavs in 878, it was first mentioned by name White City. Modern name– the same, only in Serbo-Croatian. The word "white" is believed to have a symbolic meaning in this case. Only the latter is interpreted differently. Some link the element white with water, since all the "white cities" are located by the river. Others explain it as a synonym for beautiful. Still others believe that in this case white= "free" (that is, a city that has certain privileges).

Berlin. Capital of Germany. The name has been known since 1244. The origin of the name has not yet been precisely established. Many explanations have been offered. The following are considered the most convincing: 1. From a personal name Berla. 2. From Slavic brl"bog, swamp" 3. From Slavic brlen"a dam on a river for fishing or timber rafting."

Berne. Capital of Switzerland. The city has been known since 1191. Many explanations have been proposed. The most convincing are the following: 1. From the Celtic "mountain". 2. This is a name transferred from Italy Verona, reworked into Berne. The coat of arms of the city depicts a bear. And popular rumor connects the name of the city with the word "bear". This explanation is rejected by etymologists as unacceptable.

Bratislava. Capital of Slovakia. BC on the site of the city was a Roman fortified camp Posonium. Later, a Slovak city was formed here Preslav named after a personal name. Subsequently, this name was transformed into Breslavsburg, and then Pressburg. After the formation of Czechoslovakia, the Slavic name returned to the city Bratislava(this is a modified version of the toponym Preslav).

Brussels. Capital of Belgium. The city was first mentioned in the 8th century in the form Brocela, which then transformed into modern French Bruxelles and Flemish Brussels. Toponym consists of Flemish roots brock"bog" and sela"housing", that is, Brussels - "village by the swamp."

Budapest. Capital of Hungary. In 1872, the cities of Buda and Pest, located on opposite banks of the Danube, were merged into one city, which received the name Budapest. Both parts of the toponym are Slavic: buda"house, building, village"; pest“stove” in the meaning of “home, dwelling”.

Vein. Capital of Austria. It is named after the river that flows into the Danube at this point. The name of the river is derived from the Celtic vedunia"tree". Others are from Celtic vindo"white", "building". Another version - from the Celtic vedunis"forest stream"

Bucharest. Capital of Romania. Under this name, the city was first mentioned in 1459. The toponym was formed from a personal name Bucur, apparently, belonged to the feudal owner. Suffix -eat common in the names of Romanian settlements.

Vaduz. Capital of Liechtenstein. The toponym has been known since 1342. It is a modified name of the valley, the name of which was given by the Romans - Vallis-Dulcia – Vallis"sweet, nice" + dulcis"valley". Through the intermediate Valduz the city received its present name Vaduz.

Warsaw. Capital of Poland. The city has been known under this name since the 13th century. Concerning etymology different opinions were expressed. The most convincing is the construction to a personal name Varsh+ affiliation suffix -Eve. That is Warsaw- Varsha village.

Vilnius. Capital of Lithuania. Until 1939 it was called Vilna. It was founded in the 10th century on the river Viliya (lit. Neris) at the confluence of the Vileyka (Vilnia) into it. The city got its name from the names of these rivers. The name of the river Viliya - from the Slavic velha"large".

Zagreb. Capital of Croatia. Known since the 11th century. The most convincing is the version about the Slavic origin of this toponym. Its etymology is "behind the embankment (dam, moat)".

Kyiv. Capital of Ukraine. The city arose in the 5th century. The etymology of its name is controversial. At present, the most common version is the formation of a toponym from the Slavic kuyava"mountain, steep hill, pinnacle". In the ancient Russian chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" the name is derived from the name cue. However, already in the annals they could not decide who this Kiy was - common man or prince? In ancient times, the cities received the names of princes, so the princely version seems more plausible. But then the name still lived Kiev transport, therefore, a version appeared that Kiy was a carrier across the Dnieper. Adherent version of a personal name cue was A. I. Sobolevsky, who derived this name from the Slavic cue"stick, pole". There is also a version about the non-Slavic origin of the toponym, which many famous Slavists reject. In this case, we are talking about an attempt to connect the toponym with Prakrit (Middle Indian languages and dialects) koyawa, in the sense of "the place of the throne." In the Middle Ages Kyiv was called Sambatas. The origin of this toponym causes a variety of conjectures.
Kishinev. Capital of Moldova. The toponym has been known since the 15th century. According to Radlov, from Moldovan nou"new" and Turkic qishlakh"winter hut". Another version: from ancient Moldavian chisinau"well, well, spring" Among other hypotheses, there is a version from the Polovtsian origin: from swarming burial place, mausoleum.

Copenhagen. Capital of Denmark. The toponym has been known since 1231. It consists of two bases from the words of the Danish language: kjobmann"merchant, merchant" + havn"harbor, pier"

Lisbon. Capital of Portugal. First mentioned in the 2nd century BC. e. The origin of the name is unclear. So, they try to derive the second component from the Phoenician ippo"fence", the second component is unclear. In another case, they try to explain from the Phoenician alis ubbo"joyful bay (joyful bay)". There is also a hypothesis about the appearance of the name from Lisso or Lucio is the pre-Romanesque name of the Tagus River on which Lisbon stands.

London. The capital of Great Britain. The city has been known under this name since 115 – Londinium. Several explanations have been proposed: from a personal name londin("city of Londina"), from the name of the tribe londin("city of the Londines"), from Celtic lon dun"fortification on the hill", etc.

Ljubljana. Capital of Slovenia. The toponym has been known since the 6th century. To date, the semantic meaning of this name is unclear, although there are many versions: from the Slavic basis love, from ethnonym ljubljana, on behalf of the river deity Lubarus, from an ancient Slavic name Lubovid etc. However, the presence of numerous toponymic parallels indicates the pre-Slavic origin of the toponym. So, trying to deduce from the Latin alluviana "flooding".

Madrid. Capital of Spain. The city was founded in 927. In 939 it is mentioned as Magerite. It was believed that it comes from Arabic madarat- "city". But then another explanation appeared: the name is pre-Arabic and comes from Roman Maderita"forest growth".

Minsk. The capital of Belarus. The city has been known since 1067. The chronicle forms of the toponym are Menesk, Mensk, Mensk. Ancient Minsk arose somewhat southwest of the historical core of the modern city, on the river Meni (Menki), by which he got his name. The origin of the name of the river is not completely clear. Someone sees a parallel with the name of the river Mine(a tributary of the Rhine) in Germany. Someone deduces from Latvian main- "swamp".

Oslo. Capital of Norway. Founded in 1048. There are at least two versions of the origin of this toponym. From os"mouth" + Lo- the name of the river, i.e. "river at the mouth of the river Lo". Another version: from ass og lo"glade (clearing) in the forest." Since 1624 the city was named after King Christian Christiania (Christiania). In 1925, its original name was returned to it.

Paris. Capital of France. At the turn of our era, the city was called Lutetia Parisiorium. It was the main city of the Gaulish tribe of the Parisii. It is assumed that the first part of the toponym is from the Celtic lut"swamp". The etymology of the ethnonym Parisii is debatable. According to one version it means "ship", according to another - "border people".

Prague. Capital of the Czech Republic. The name has been known since the 10th century. Of the numerous explanations, the most convincing is the construction to the Czech pražiti"a place where a forest is burned or dried up." The interpretation through the word threshold is very common. But it is erroneous, since it is not confirmed either linguistically or geographically (there are no river rapids here).

Reykjavik. Capital of Iceland. The city was founded by the Vikings in 875 and named after the bay on the shore of which it stands. The steam above the hot springs along the shores of the bay was called smoke. Hence the name of the bay. Reykjavil-reyka"smoke" + vik"bay, gulf"

Riga. Capital of Latvia. The city was founded at the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. The name is derived from the Baltic languages - from the word ring, ring"bend, bend" From this word the name of the river was formed, which later acquired a diminutive form of Ridzene. This river was covered up. Thus, the city was named either after the river or after the bend at which the settlement arose.

Rome. Capital of Italy. The legend about the connection between the name of the city and the name of the founder Romulus is a toponymic myth, a classic example of folk etymology. It is believed that the toponym originated from ancient name the Tiber River, on which it is located, Rumo, Rumon. The name of the river, perhaps, is associated with the name of one of the Etruscan tribes, who were the ancient population of these places.

holm stack bay, and stock stake, pile, pillar.

Stockholm. Capital of Sweden. The city was founded in the middle of the 13th century. The second part of the toponym holm means "island". The first part is less transparent. It could be stack bay, and stock stake, pile, pillar.

Tallinn. Capital of Estonia. The city has been known since 1154. The modern name arose in the 13th century, when the Danes captured the city and named it Taani Linn"Danish City" Officially, this name was fixed only in 1917. However, the city is also known under other names. In Russian chronicles and in later sources up to the 18th century - Kolyvan. Its origin is unclear. Derived from a personal name Kalev(hero of the epic "Kalevala"), and from the Lithuanian Kalvis"forge". Before 1917 official name cities - Revel. The origin of this toponym is also debatable. Some deduce from the name of the entire coastal region - Ryavala. Others are from the Swedish "stranded". Third - from the name retail space Rebala. Debatable and origin more early name cities Lindanis.

Helsinki. Capital of Finland. The city was founded by the Swedes in the 16th century near a waterfall and named by them. Helsingfors. Second component fors- "waterfall" The origin of the first is unknown. It is assumed that from the ethnonym helsings. The city moved from the waterfall, but the Swedish name existed in pre-revolutionary Russia for a long time.

Sources

Nikonov V. A. Kratky toponymic dictionary. M., 1966.

Pospelov E. M. School toponymic dictionary. M., 1988.

Union) have grown significantly in number in recent decades. Until the summer of 2011, this union was called Western European. The list of European countries is extensive, but not all countries from this list are included in the European Union.

Background and creation of the European Union

Today this community is very similar to the deceased USSR, and it was formed in 1948 as a counterbalance to the "eastern monster". The named reason for the creation of a new entity is not to allow Germany to be reborn as an independent unified state, to prevent the revival of fascism after the end of the war.

A separate conversation could take place on the position of Germany in the bosom of the European Union: it is a locomotive that pulls almost the entire economy of the community. Of course, there are differences with the Soviet Union in the European Union.

Similarities and differences

There is no single currency. But the federal structure has common legislation, it is possible to use a common cash desk, a single central bank and customs space. Management is also akin to a planned economy, the board is command-administrative.

For example, at the top, all limits on sown areas for agricultural crops are approved. This applies to every country European Union. The list of results is truly depressing.

Greeks in the sultry and fertile south buy Dutch vegetables and are not allowed to trade in the European Union with the original Greek product - olive oil. The Czech Republic also stopped growing vegetables, but it grows rapeseed, the oil from which is even added to diesel fuel. There is almost no good oil in the Czech Republic now. But in this way profitability among agricultural producers increases.

Foreign policy

This is solved more successfully than the economic problems. List of European countries that have developed a single and integral foreign policy with an almost complete absence of disagreement, it is possible not to draw up, since Brussels unanimously decides who to pardon and who to execute.

Recent years, however, show some slippage, the global economic crisis has made governments less courageous and friendly. Still: the loss of eastern markets due to sanctions against Russia may well lead the least prosperous owners to complete economic degradation.

Legislation and executive bodies

Here the most similarities with the Soviet Union are: only the parliament has a multi-party basis, but everything else is present: the European Commission as an executive body is headed by the chairman, and the European Council consists of the heads of EU member states. The European Parliament oversees the law (with its own President), together with the Council of the European Union.

Here you have the Politburo with the Central Committee of the CPSU, and the party congresses with the Supreme Soviet, and the General Secretary is present, and even the chairman of the presidium! But there is no constitution yet.

Borders between countries are conditional, customs points are abolished, free movement of all citizens within the community. But labor markets are regulated by strict regulations and require permission from the authorities for employment. This is practiced by all countries of the European Community. List of amenities and inconveniences of living in modern Europe can be continued indefinitely.

The list of European countries is constantly changing. IN this moment Europe has 44 states. Not only the quantity changes, but also the names. Metamorphoses of the last time: Soviet Union during the collapse, he gave Europe Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Yugoslavia in the same circumstances replenished the continent with Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. But the GDR and the FRG became a single Germany.

This process has not stopped. Boil not only the list of unpleasant consequences of the global crisis is extensive and eloquent. Separatism is strong in Catalonia and in the area where the Basques live (this is in Spain), in Scotland and northern Ireland (this is Great Britain), Flanders is worried in Belgium. They are trying in every possible way to recognize Kosovo as a separate state (this is Serbia). Borders of European countries, if you put cards next to it recent years have become unrecognizable. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to consider the list of European countries with capitals temporary.

Austria

Republic. 8.5 million population. The capital city of Austria is Vienna. Official language German.

Albania

Republic. Population 2.830 million. The capital of Albania is Tirana. The official language is Albanian.

Andorra

Principality. Dwarf European state. 700 thousand people of the population. Main city- Andorra la Vella. The official language is Catalan, but in fact it is replaced by Spanish and French.

Belarus

Republic of Belarus. 9.5 million people. The capital city of Belarus - Minsk. The official languages are Russian and Belarusian.

Belgium

Kingdom. 11.2 million people. The capital of Belgium is Brussels. The official languages are Dutch, German, French.

Bulgaria

Republic. 7.2 million people. The capital city of Bulgaria is Sofia. The administrative language is Bulgarian.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Confederation, federation, republic. The population is 3.7 million. The capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Sarajevo. State Serbian and Croatian.

Vatican

Absolute monarchy, theocracy. dwarf state an enclave associated with Italy. City within a city, 832 people. Latin, Italian.

Great Britain

United Kingdom including Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Parliamentary monarchy. 63.4 million people. The main city of Great Britain is London. English.

Hungary

Parliamentary republic. Population 9.85 million. - Budapest. Official language Hungarian.

Germany

Federal Republic. Population 80 million. The main city of Germany is Berlin. The administrative language is German.

Greece

Republic. Population 11.3 million. metropolitan city Greece - Athens. The official language is Greek.

Denmark

Kingdom. 5.7 million people. The capital city of Denmark is Copenhagen. The official language is Danish.

Ireland

Republic. Population 4.6 million. The capital of Ireland is Dublin. State and English.

Iceland

Parliamentary republic. 322 thousand people. The main city of Iceland is Reykjavik. The official language is Icelandic.

Spain

Kingdom. The population is 47.3 million. The capital of Spain is Madrid. The official language is Spanish.

Italy

Republic. 60.8 million people. All roads in Italy lead to Rome. The official language is Italian.

Latvia

Republic. Population 1.9 million. The capital of Latvia is Riga. The state language is Latvian.

Lithuania

Republic. 2.9 million people. The main city of Lithuania is Vilnius. The state language is Lithuanian.

Liechtenstein

Principality. A dwarf state associated with Switzerland. The population is 37 thousand. The capital of Liechtenstein is Vaduz. The official language is German.

Luxembourg

Grand Duchy. 550 thousand people. The capital of Luxembourg is Luxembourg. The official language is Luxembourgish, French, German.

Macedonia

Republic. Population 2 million. The capital of Macedonia is Skopje. The state language is Macedonian.

Malta

Republic. The population is 452 thousand. The main city of Malta is Valletta. The official languages are Maltese and English.

Moldova

Republic. The capital is Chisinau. 3.5 million people. The administrative language is Moldovan.

Monaco

Principality. A dwarf state associated with France. 37.8 thousand people. The official language is French.

Netherlands

Kingdom. The population is 16.8 million. The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam. The official languages are West Frisian and Dutch.

Norway

Kingdom. Population 5.1 million people. The main city of Norway is Oslo. The official languages are Norwegian and Sami.

Poland

Republic. Population 38.3 million. The capital city of Poland is Warsaw. The official language is Polish.

Portugal

Republic. 10.7 million people. The capital of Portugal is Lisbon. The official languages are Portuguese and Mirandese.

Russia

Federation. The population is 146.3 million. The capital city of Russia - Moscow. National language - Russian.

Romania

Parliamentary republic. unitary state. 19 million people. The capital of Romania is Bucharest. Administrative

San Marino

Radiant Republic. The population is 32 thousand. The capital of San Marino is San Marino. The official language is Italian.

Serbia

Republic. 7.2 million people. The main one is Belgrade. The official language is Serbian.

Slovakia

Republic. 5.4 million people. The capital city of Slovakia is Bratislava. The state language is Slovak.

Slovenia

Republic. Population 2 million. The capital city of Slovenia is Ljubljana. The official language is Slovenian.

Ukraine

A unitary state plus a parliamentary-presidential republic. The population is 42 million. The main city of Ukraine is Kyiv. The state language is Ukrainian.

Finland

Republic. 5.5 million people. The capital of Finland is Helsinki. State and Swedish.

France

Republic. Population 66.2 million. The main city of France is Paris. The official language is French.

Croatia

Republic. Population 4.2 million. The capital is Zagreb. The official language is Croatian.

Montenegro

Republic. 622 thousand people. The capital city of Montenegro is Podgorica. The state language is Montenegrin.

Czech

Republic. Population 10.5 million. The capital city of the Czech Republic is Prague. The official language is Czech.

Switzerland

Confederation. 8 million people. The capital of Switzerland is Bern. Official languages German, French, Italian, Swiss.

Sweden

Kingdom. Population 9.7 million. The capital of Sweden is Stockholm. The official language is Swedish.

Estonia

Republic. 1.3 million people. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The official language is Estonian.

To date, the list of European countries is just that.