Parthenit village. Partenit village: beaches worthy of attention

History of urban settlement Partenit goes back into the depths of centuries. It is known that people have lived on the territory of the Partenitskaya valley since the Stone Age. This is evidenced by archaeological excavations- early Paleolithic tools, and there is also evidence that in the Bronze Age, in the Neolithic period and in ancient times large settlements were formed here.

In the period of the III century, tribes of the Goths advanced on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, who ousted the villages of the Scythians towards the northern direction. In the Middle Ages, the city of Parthenion grew up in the valley with a large population. The name in Greek means "city of the Virgin". The city had a harbor where ships from all over the Mediterranean or Crimean cities stopped.

The Goths adopted Christianity. They made Parthenion the center of their diocese in the 8th century. Saint John of Gotha was born on this land, who is famous for his work in the creation of the Nicaea Ecumenical Council, which revived icon veneration. In 787, he led an uprising against the Khazar invaders, who entered the lands of Gothia. But John did not succeed in carrying out his plan, and, having been captured, he died in exile. The body of the saint was transferred to Partenit, where he was buried in the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul. The Khazars, after the uprising, did not spare the efforts and labors of John of Gotha and destroyed the cathedral and part of the city of Partenit.

Despite the seizures and frequent fighting The city is rapidly rebuilding. It is the center among neighboring villages, performing political and economic functions. According to archaeologist Parshin, since the 10th century, Partenit is quite acceptable modern name"city". Based on the materials of the charter of the Genoese colonies, a consulate functioned in Partenit.

The monastery of St. Peter and Paul has not been fully restored with its former grandeur and beauty. Metropolitan Damian, the successor of John of Gotha, took care of the temple. But the restored building did not please for long. local population, since during the invasion of the Ottoman Turks the temple was again destroyed. During the reign of the Turkish Empire, Partenit belonged to the villages of the Mangup kadalyk.

After the signing of the Manifesto of Catherine II, when Crimean peninsula became part of Russia, Partenit often changed its owners. IN XIX century the valley goes to the Raevsky family, who undertook to resume the forgotten craft of Partenit - viticulture. Then, on the slopes of Mount Ayudag, the ruins of the Church of the Holy Apostles were found. In 1869, the forces of the Raevsky estate (a family with whom A.S. Pushkin was friends) built a road along the slopes of Ayudag over an old, long-forgotten road. Having discovered the remains of a large stone temple, the manager of the estate ordered to dismantle it into stones and dismantled it until he found a capital of Byzantine work made of marble. Such a sculpture interested him and he decided to continue excavations. As it turned out, this was the place famous temple. Of his decorations, it was possible to preserve a stone column, the remains of various cornices and a couple of marble capitals.

In 1941, 286 people were called up from Partenit to the front, 87 of whom died during military operations.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the city lost its former name - it seemed inconsistent with the era of great changes. Therefore, the city received a new name - Frunzenskoe. During the independence of Ukraine, the city was returned to its former name - since 1991, it again began to be called Partenit. In 1996, a monument was erected to St. John of Gotha on one of the slopes of Ayudag.

Despite such centuries of history, the city is considered young. Rest in this place is one of the most prestigious in the Crimea. Well developed in the city tourism infrastructure, there are two popular health resorts - the Aivazovskoye Rest House and the no less popular Territorial Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology "Crimea".

Find nice beach, especially in small town, not so easy. After all, the water should be clean, and the coastline itself should be comfortable and with many additional services. Therefore, we have collected information for you about what beaches exist in Partenit, which you must definitely visit. And you just have to choose the one that best suits your needs.

The beach of the sanatorium "Crimea" (Partenit)

Very often pieces coastline belong to various hotels and boarding houses. If you managed to get into such a closed place, consider yourself lucky. The territory there is clean, garbage from the sea is regularly cleaned. Added bonus: sunbeds can be free. The beach of the sanatorium "Crimea" is illustrated very vividly in the photo.

In order to go to you need to pay a symbolic amount. And for locals, admission is generally free. There are many cafes and restaurants nearby. True, the prices there are not the lowest. Right on the beach of the Krym sanatorium in Partenit, you can rent sun loungers, umbrellas, fins and masks for scuba diving.

There is a park near the shore. After the bright Crimean sun, you can take a walk there, enjoy the shade and fresh air. You don't have to pay extra. Entrance to the park is carried out on a previously purchased ticket. The beach of the sanatorium "Crimea" (Partenit) is very convenient, a photo of which can be seen in the article.

Central Beach

If you are going to the Crimea, reviews about the beaches (Partenit) will help you decide on a vacation spot. Therefore, it is not necessary to pay to swim in clean water and sunbathe in the sun. One example of such places is central beach cities.

The beach itself is small. However, due to the fact that Partenit - small town There are usually not many people there. Can not be compared with similar places in Anapa or Sochi. Bad news: the beaches in Partenit do not have sand. In particular, the central coastline is dotted with small pebbles. Fortunately, the stones are not sharp. However, walking barefoot is not very pleasant.

Of the available services: showers, changing rooms and rental of inflatable frogs. Nothing else was seen. Nearby there are several lonely cafes. However, the place itself is not very busy. At night, there is not much traffic here. This is what Partenit's beaches differ from the embankments of other cities.

Central also has its own pier. By the way, when you stand on it, you can safely examine the bottom. It says that you don't have to worry about water quality. Although the place is urban, the water is crystal clear.

Beach at the sanatorium "Aivazovskoye"

You can judge the quality of water with peace of mind from photographs: they do not lie. Therefore, even on a public stretch of the coastline, you can enjoy your vacation. Photos of the beach and the promenade (Partenit, Crimea) are available below.

The coastline adjacent to the Aivazovsky sanatorium is very popular. The entire surrounding area is divided into 4 parts, of which 4 small beaches are formed, covered with pebbles.

In Partenit, the beach offers sun loungers, umbrellas and equipment for water sports. There are changing rooms and showers nearby. fresh water. Entrance costs 150 Russian rubles, and you pay for the most part not for the sea itself, but for the adjacent park. It's kind of Botanical Garden where you can easily spend half a day. Therefore, do not apply there to look. You will not regret.

Europe Hotel

In the village of Partenit on the beach (in Crimea) you can find many different entertainments. This is confirmed by the section of the coast at the hotel "Europe". Its renovation has not yet been completed. However, hotel managers assure that it will the best place in the city.

There will be sun loungers with umbrellas, cafes and shops, rental of water equipment and various water activities. In addition, for additional fee you can get a massage.

Near the cafe there are wooden floorings, so that the sand will not interfere with your walking in sandals. Speaking of sand. In Partenit, the beaches near the Europa Hotel are one of the few where you can find sand. True, and here it is mixed with pebbles.

Surprising as it sounds, admission is absolutely free. Even though the beach belongs to the hotel. So take the opportunity while you can.

Beach No. 1

This place is worth visiting for several reasons. First, almost virgin cleanliness. Secondly, there are only a couple of vacationers around. The place is not very popular among both locals and visitors. Therefore, crowds of people walking around will not bother you.

True, this has its drawbacks: you will not find any locker rooms, no sun loungers, or shops with cafes nearby. Therefore, you need to take water and sandwiches with you. As, however, and a screen for changing clothes. In this sense, beach number 1 in Partenit is significantly inferior to the rest.

But we strongly do not recommend looking at beach number 2. There aren't even pebbles. Just a plot by the sea with large sharp stones. The entrance to the sea is inconvenient. Therefore, it is better not to stop at this option. Moreover, there are many comfortable and equipped places around.

Sanatorium "Karasan"

The beach of the sanatorium "Karasan" is divided into several small sections. On some you can find small pebbles, while others are quite scattered. big stones. You can take a wooden deck chair for free. However, you should arrive early, preferably in the morning, as they are quickly sorted out.

Entrance is half free. On the one hand, you do not need to pay, but on the other hand, you need to enter the territory through a special entrance. Apparently, the administration is trying in this way to separate "their own" from the "strangers" (resting in the sanatorium and outside visitors).

Recreation center "Tavrida-Azot"

Let's be honest: the state of this beach in Partenit is very different from the previous ones. The locals appreciate it the most. In principle, you will not see anything special there: clear sea, small pebbles around, a gentle descent into the sea.

If desired, you can rent sun loungers and umbrellas. There is a dressing room and a shower with fresh water. There is a solarium on the pier, so if the hot Crimean sun is not enough for you, you can get a tan there.

City Beach

The last of the city's beaches is the third. It consists almost entirely of small pebbles, which are periodically put in order by the authorities. The other part is encased in concrete. It is a huge steps, so if you want you can sit on them.

Nearby there are several cafe sheds and a small shop. There are no more amenities. In addition, protruding parts of the reinforcement are visible in some places. Therefore, when visiting the beach, be very careful.

Wild beach

If you are not a fan of ostentatious comfort, head to Cape Plaka. There is the real wild beach. It is surrounded on all sides by small hills, but getting there is not so easy. You need to walk along the coastline of the Utes sanatorium (and the entrance there is paid). You can also get there by water. However, we do not recommend choosing this path. It's too dangerous. Yes, the beaches in Partenit can be unsafe.

So if you still want to enjoy wildlife and loneliness, feel free to go there. Moreover, it is rare to meet other people there. And most importantly, it is completely safe for swimming.

Toponymic Dictionary of Crimea

Partenite

a village on the South Coast at the eastern foot of the Ayu-Dag, from the Greek "parthenos", a virgin, perhaps the name comes from the temple of the Virgin or the temple of the goddess of the Taurus. Some scientists associate Partenit with the ancient Greek myth of Iphigenia in Tauris and believe that there was famous temple Virgin. Parthenit in the Middle Ages was blooming port city with a large population. Since the 8th century, iconodules began to move to the peninsula from the eastern regions of Byzantium, persecuted by its iconoclastic government. They chose John as their spiritual shepherd, who was ordained to the bishopric in Iberia (Georgia). Bishop John of the Diocese of Gotha founded a monastery in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in Partenit. He carried out anti-iconoclastic activities, actively participated in the preparation of the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787), in the restoration of icon veneration. At the foot of the Ayu-Dag there are about 30 ruined temples-basilicas. Now in the village Partenit is a square that bears the name of St. John of Gotha.

Useful information for tourists about Partenit in Crimea - geographical position, tourist infrastructure, map, architectural features and attractions.

Partenit is an urban-type settlement located on south coast Crimea, at the foot of the Ayu-Dag mountain, on the border of Big Yalta and Big Alushta. In the administrative sense, the village is part of the territory, which is subordinate to the Alushta City Council.

The name of the village comes from the Greek word for "girl". According to legend, in ancient times, on the site of modern Partenit, there was a sanctuary of the main goddess of the Tauris - the Virgin. In the Middle Ages, Partenit, with its center in Doros, was part of the Gothic diocese of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the VIII-X century, Partenit was in the power of the Khazar Khaganate, and already in the X-XIII century - Byzantium. In the XIV-XV centuries, the village was part of the possessions of the Republic of Genoa, later until 1774 - as part of Ottoman Empire. In 1774-1783, Partenit was part of the Crimean Khanate, and already in 1783-1917 - part of Russian Empire.

In August 1945, by decree of the Presidium Supreme Council RSFSR, the village was renamed Frunzenskoye, and in 1991 it was returned to its original historical name. In the same year, after the declaration of independence of Ukraine, Partenit, together with the entire peninsula, became part of Ukraine.

Today Partenit is a popular climatic resort.

On the beaches of Partenit there is a wide range of different water activities. Here you can ride a scooter, jet ski, boat, "banana", rowing boat, catamaran, as well as windsurfing or diving under the guidance of an experienced instructor.

Rest in the village of Partenit is the most limitless possibilities, a variety of excursions, walks and travels, numerous water activities, as well as a visit to a wonderful dolphinarium.

The main attractions of the village, which should be given Special attention, are the wonderful parks of Partenita - a monument of landscape architecture Karasan (first half of the 19th century), located on the territory of the Raevsky estate, and the park of the Aivazovskoye rest house, between capes Plaka and Tepeler.

The village also has a wide variety of natural and man-made attractions: the Ayu-Dag mountain, the Raevsky estate of the 1880s, the minaret of the mosque of the 1880s-19th centuries, as well as the settlement of Partenit of the 6th-15th centuries, ancient settlements, a complex of medieval monasteries and churches, defensive structures and settlements of the 8th-10th centuries, 12th - early 17th centuries on Mount Ayu-Dag. Amateur speleologists can visit unique karst caves. Also in Partenit are held thematic excursions: "Crimea in legends and fairy tales", according to Pushkin and Chekhov's places.

Partenit is a resort that embodies the sun, sea, beaches and wonderful holiday on the coast. Rest in this resort is, first of all, clean, well-groomed and fairly well-equipped beaches, various water activities, a huge variety of cafes and stalls with water and sweets.

Almost all the beaches of Partenit belong to local resorts, so to visit them, as well as park area, passes are required, for which you have to pay. But at the same time, there is a plus here - guaranteed order, cleanliness and comfort. good rest. All the beaches here are made of pure small pebbles and have everything necessary equipment(shade awnings, deck chairs, showers, changing cabins, toilets, etc.).

On the embankment there are many cafes, bars, eateries, first-aid posts, rescue posts, tennis courts, they also offer their services boat stations. The road to the beach leads through luxurious parks, which are considered the best on the entire coast of Alushta.

Partenit is designed for lovers of calm family vacation. Shallow beaches and a huge amount of entertainment attract tourists who come here on vacation with children.

On the territory of the village, vacationers are waiting for cozy private boarding houses, hotels and rest houses, guaranteeing maximum comfort. Modern hotels and boarding houses of Partenita are located on the seashore.

bathing season V resort village starts from June and lasts until mid-October.

People have always lived in the Parthenit Valley since the Stone Age. This is evidenced by the first find of early Paleo- tian tools on the southern coast of Crimea (150-33 thousand years ago), discovered in 1965 by archaeologist A. Shchepinsky. There are archaeological confirmations of people living here and further: in the Neolithic, in the Bronze Age, in ancient times.

The period of the greatest prosperity of Partenit falls on the early Middle Ages and there is a lot of evidence for this, both written and archaeological.Among the written sources should be called "The Life of John of Gotha"; a letter from the Khazar caliph Joseph to the court of the caliph of Cordoba Hasdano Ibn-Shafrut; patriarchal acts, Genoese documents, notes of travelers, portolan charts, etc.

History archaeological research that prompted interest in this place is.

In 1869, P.Yu.Kemius, manager of the Partenit estate, which belonged to the Raevskys (the same family with whose members the young Pushkin was friends), laid a road along the eastern slope of the Ayu-Dag mountain over an ancient, long overgrown road. Stumbling upon the ruins of a large stone structure, he, without hesitation, began to take it apart into stones and took it apart until he came across a marble capital of Byzantine work and a slab grave. The find interested everyone. As it turned out later, ancient building was once a three-apse Christian basilica. The first excavations of this place were carried out by the artist Strukov Dmitry Mikhailovich (1827 - 1899). It was he who discovered the construction inscription of 1427, which immediately became famous. Here is its content: "This all-honorable and divine temple of the holy glorious and supreme apostles Peter and Paul was built from the foundation in ancient times, even in the holy father, by our archbishop of the city of Theodoro and all Gothia, John the Confessor, now renewed, as he sees it, by the metropolitan of the city of Theodoro and all Gothia kir Damian in the summer of 6936 on the 6th indiction, on the tenth day of September."

As you can see, it mentions the builder of the basilica, John the Confessor, i.e. John of Gotha, canonized for the exploits described in his Life.

Despite the damage at the hands of the manager of the estate (at least 200 carts with stone were taken out), the ruins of the basilica were dug up and left to stand in the middle of the Parthenite vineyards as a religious shrine.

The following excavations of this place are associated with the name of N.I. Repnikov, who in 1905 - 1907. conducted here: on Ayu-Dag and on Tepeler, archaeological research. Photos of the excavations and construction details (marble slabs and mosaic floors) are stored in the archive of A.L. Berthier-Delagard in local history museum Simferopol. Already not at all long time ago, in the summer of 1969, a rather detailed survey of Ayu-Dag was undertaken archaeological expedition headed by O.I. Dombrovsky. In 1985 - 1988 In connection with the construction of a new building of the Frunzenskoye sanatorium, another archaeological study is being carried out on the southern slope of the hill, adjacent to the rock of Kale-Poti on the western side, by the expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, headed by E.A. Parshina.

If we analyze the data of written sources and all these archaeological studies, then the history of Partenit is seen as such.

In the 8th century, Partenit was the center of the Diocese of Gotha and the residence of its Bishop John. In the documents this place is called as "Marketplace in Partenity". Finds of hanging lead seals of the 8th century - molivdovuls, which are not found during excavations of small rural settlements of Taurica, indicate that Partenit is a large settlement, the center of business ties. And here, on Ayu-Dag, John of Gotha, who, by the way, was originally from Partenit, founded the monastery of the Apostles Peter and Paul and built the already mentioned basilica. Partenit in the early period of its development is a large, rich settlement headed by a feudal lord in the form of a monastery.

John of Gotha is considered a prominent and prominent figure of that time. He became famous for his activities in preparing the VII Ecumenical Council of Nicaea, which restored icon veneration. As is known from his "Life", John became the head of the anti-Khazar uprising in 787. The rebellion was crushed, and John imprisoned in Fula, fled and died in the distant overseas Amastris. If you believe the "Life", then he was buried in the end precisely in Partenity, in the monastery he founded, where his remains allegedly miraculously crossed. During excavations by N.I. Repnikov, a carefully walled-up tomb was found in a semicircular niche in the wall of the temple (arcansolium), which can be associated with the burial of St. John. Repnikov opened it in the presence of A.L. Berthier-Delagard. It turned out to be... empty, a kind of kenataf, i.e. symbolic burial of a person who died in a foreign land.

The Khazars, after the defeat of the uprising, of course, did not spare the residence of John of Gotha; both the monastery with the basilica and Partenit were badly damaged.

Despite everything, the city is being rebuilt again. It dominates the district, where excavations have recorded the existence of several settlements - two on the southeastern slopes of Ayu-Dag, one on the site of the current village of Lavrovoe (formerly called Kurkulet) and two settlements with fortifications in the place of the village of Zaprudnoe (formerly called Degermenka). According to the archaeologist Parshina, the term "city" is already quite applicable to Partenit, starting from the 10th century. From the charter for the Genoese Black Sea colonies, published in Genoa in 1449 known that there was a consulate in Partenit, and upon taking office, its official was obliged to pay 4 soms, exactly the same as the officials of the consulate of Kherson and the Bosporus paid and twice as much as the officials of Alushta and Yalta.

As for the monastery of the Apostles Peter and Paul, it was no longer revived in all its grandeur and significance after the defeat of the uprising. The basilica stood in desolation for many centuries, and only at the beginning of the 15th century, as evidenced by the construction inscription found by Strukov in 1427, did its restoration begin. The temple is being restored by the distant successor of John of Gotha, Metropolitan Damian. But the restored temple did not stand for long and the next time it suffered in 1475 during the invasion of the Ottoman Turks.

But not only in the valley people settled in those days. Remains of a medieval settlement were found on Ayu-Dag mountain. In the glade Ai-Konstant ("Saint Constantine"), located on a wide, gentle saddle of the eastern slope of Ayu-Dag, traces of these settlements can still be seen. To the north of the Ai-Konstant glade there was a defensive wall built of raw rubble stone on clay. It reached a height of 3 meters and, with a width of 2.5 - 2.8 meters, served as a reliable barrier on the way to the settlement. To the south and below the Ai-Konstant glade, on a natural terrace above the seashore, there are the remains of residential buildings and a larger building, according to scientists, a temple of considerable size. Obviously, in the troubled times of the Middle Ages, the mountain was considered a safe place.

The latest date of the existence of the settlement on Ayu-Dag is determined by the same fateful XV century.

According to some data, the earthquake of 1468, after which the springs disappeared fresh water on Ayu-Dag, was the reason that people left the mountain. Others attribute the destruction to the Turkish invasion in 1475. One way or another, but people left the mountain forever.

In general, after the 15th century, when the Crimea was destroyed and ravaged by the Ottoman Turks, Partenit was no longer reborn as a lively and rich city, but was being restored in the form of a small village.

And our Christian basilica, the fate of which we traced from the moment of its construction by John of Gotha in the 8th century, after the destruction in the 15th century. was restored under the new Turkish administration in the form of a small, shabby chapel with a wooden roof. The Parthenite shrine finally fell into disrepair at the end of the 18th century. AND last point In this story, the discovery on July 6, 1996, on this place, where the basilica once stood, of a monument to John of Gotha can probably be considered.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 1783, the lands of the Partenitskaya Valley passed from one owner to another. These places are associated with such glorious Russian surnames as Raevsky and Gagarin.

Here is what a traveler of the beginning of our century saw in the Partenit Valley, sailing by on a steamboat: "The steamboat goes around Ayu-Dag, passing very close to it. And here the viewer opens up a wildly majestic picture of rocks, grottoes, bulks, which are difficult to suspect from afar. Behind Ayu-Dag there is an extensive beach of the Partenit estate of the Raevskys and right there, an amphitheater, is located a small village Partenit... In Partenit there is an extensive quarry of Mr. Uberti, from where the local stone is exported to other cities.Behind Partenit is the estate "Chukurlar" by Princess Gagarina and nearby the vast estate "Karasan" by the Raevskys (a large gray Moorish-style building surrounded by a vast park). Karasan is followed by the estate "Kuchuk Lambat" (a white building with four columns) and a very beautiful Swiss-style palace of Princess Gagarina, and around the village of Kuchuk Lambat."
(Guide to the Crimea. G. Moskvich, 1913, Edition of the Guides, St. Petersburg, edition 25.)

The inexorable course of history has changed the owners of this land. In 1945, Partenit lost its historical name. To some it seemed inconsistent with the era of "great changes and achievements" and it was given a different name - consonant, although in no way connected with this place - Frunzenskoye. (Decree No. 619/3). Having survived the turbulent years of revolutions and wars, the village remained a small settlement, not much remarkable in history.

The next revival of this place is associated with resort construction. In the 60s, a small rest house for teachers and students of the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze grew up in the sanatorium of the USSR Ministry of Defense "Frunzenskoye", in the 70s the construction of another military sanatorium - "Crimea" began. The settlement began to grow and develop along with health resorts.

And in 1993, during times of regular upheavals and changes, he was returned to his historical name - Partenit.