Pribaikalsky National Park, Olkhonsky District, Irkutsk Region, Russia. Tours to Baikal
The Pribaikalsky National Park was established by Decree of the Government of the RSFSR No. 71 dated February 3, 1986 in order to preserve the unique natural complexes of Lake Baikal and use them for environmental, recreational, educational and scientific purposes. Reports directly to the Federal Forestry Service of Russia.
The boundaries of the park cover the territory along the western coast of Lake Baikal from the village of Kultuk to the Kheyren River, including the entire territory of Olkhon Island. The national park is located on the territory of three administrative districts of the Irkutsk region: Slyudyansky, Irkutsk and Olkhonsky.
The total area of the national park is 418 thousand hectares, including: 305.3 thousand hectares (73% of the total area) - forest fund lands provided to the national park, and about 112 thousand hectares (27%) - lands of other owners, owners and users who entered the boundaries of the park without withdrawal from economic use. Forest lands occupy an area of 284.8 thousand hectares (93.3% of forest fund lands), including 282.4 thousand hectares covered with forests. (92.3%). Non-forest lands make up 20.5 thousand hectares (6.7%, of which 2.0 thousand hectares (0.7%) are water). type and 4 urban-type settlements, in which 14.4 thousand people live.There are agricultural enterprises, mainly sheep-breeding.
Climate
Features of the climatic conditions of the lake basin Baikal is determined by its location in the central part of the Asian continent, radiation and circulation processes, and the peculiarity of the landscapes of this region. The huge water mass of the lake has a significant impact on the climate.
The territory of the park lies within the North-Western sub-districts of the South and Middle Baikal districts, which are characterized by a softened continental regime and the highest precipitation and moisture in the region. The average temperature in January is up to -18°C and below, in July and August from +11°C to + 14.1°C. The average annual temperature is +1.9°C. Precipitation on the coast falls up to 370 mm, in the mountains - 400-500 mm. At the same time, the climatic conditions of the territory of the basin of the lake. Baikal is extremely heterogeneous.
Geology and relief
Geomorphologically, the territory of the park is located within the upland sections of the bottom of the Baikal depression, on its northwestern slopes, partially including the watershed areas of the surrounding ridges.
The main individual feature of the relief of this territory is its connection with the processes of rifting. It is characterized by the predominance of negative forms, the subordination of the orographic plan not to mountain ranges, but to depressions.
The boundaries of the park include completely rift landscapes and, to a large extent, subrift landscapes.
The rift structures include the Baikal and Tunkinskaya proper. Faults constitute a special and most important class of rift structures. They form the framework to which the internal differentiation of morphostructures is subordinated. The largest Obruchev fault can be traced through the entire territory of the park. Large fault ledges can be traced along the entire shore of Baikal, abruptly cutting deep into the lake.
Subrift landscapes include massifs of the Olkhon Plateau type, with a leveled relief and well-pronounced signs of physical weathering. Negative relief forms of the subrift type are represented by relict formations - ancient depressions that have not stopped their tectonic development to date (the ancient valleys of the Goloustia, Buguldeyka, Liga rivers and a small Jurassic depression in upstream rivers P.Olkha).
The territory of the national park is distinguished by a large set of forms and extreme dissection of the relief with relatively small (within 900 m) fluctuations in absolute heights.
Hydrography
The Pribaikalsky National Park is mainly located within the watersheds of Lake Baikal, and in the southern part - the Angara River (Irkutsk Reservoir).
Lake Baikal is one of the largest and deepest lakes in the world, it contains 20% of the world's fresh water reserves.
The coastline of the lake within the boundaries of the park is 470 km (excluding the coast of Olkhon Island) and is relatively slightly indented, in some areas it is straight.
At present, the average long-term level of the lake is 457 m. Waves are almost constant, the wave height in the northern part of the lake reaches 6 m.
The Irkutsk reservoir was created in 1956. It is a section of the Angara river valley filled with water, it is flowing and belongs to river-type reservoirs.
The territory of the national park is covered by a well-developed and relatively evenly distributed river network. Its density is close to or exceeds 0.5 km/km2. Only Olkhon and Olkhon Islands are relatively poor in surface waters.
The park is dominated by small rivers less than 10 km long, most of them have a pronounced mountain character. Large rivers include Goloustnaya (122 km), Buguldeyka (80 km), Anga (90 km), Sarma (56 km), Bolshaya Polovinnaya (25 km). In the coastal zone there are also a large number of streams and temporary streams. The main source of food for rivers is rainfall. Most of the rivers of the region have low water salinity.
In the northern part of the national park there are small lakes of different origin (deltaic, lagoonal, sor, etc.) mostly freshwater. The swamps have a limited distribution and are confined mainly to the floodplains of the rivers. Almost all of them belong to the lowland type.
Soils
Acid soils are most widely represented in the park. On drained surfaces, fine podzolic soils are developed, swampy depressions are occupied by peaty and peaty-gley soils with a close occurrence of permafrost. In the mountains there are mountain-tundra soddy and peaty-humus soils. However, mountain humus-podzolic soils are predominant here; , gray forest.
Flora and vegetation
The territory of the Pribaikalsky National Park is part of the mountains of Southern Siberia and is part of the Pribaikalsky forest region, entirely belonging to the Primorsky district of the West Pribaikalsky province.
The distribution of vegetation cover is subject to the laws of altitudinal zonality. The predominant vegetation is characteristic of the continental type of zonality. The spectrum of altitudinal-belt complexes (AHZ) includes the steppe AH (absolute altitude 500-700 m), mainly represented by communities with a predominance of certain types of cereals; MIC of forest-steppe pine and larch forests (Pinus sylvestris, Larix sibirica), confined to the coastal part and lower mountain belt; Subtaiga military-industrial complex pine forests, forming the lower part of the forest belt; occupying rather significant areas of the military-industrial complex of mountain taiga pine (concentrated in the southern part of the park) and larch forests; VPK of mountain taiga cedar forests (Pinus sibirica); VPK of subalpine pine forests and Siberian dwarf pine (Pinns pumila), subalpine-tundra VPK.
The territory of the park belongs mainly to the group of areas dominated by moderately humid mountain-taiga-forest-steppe light coniferous and mixed forests.
Coniferous species predominate in forest plantations - 73%, among which pine (Pinus sylvestris, 51.4%) dominates, larch (Larix sibirica, 11.7%) and cedar (Pinus sibirica, 7.9%) also make up a significant proportion. Deciduous species make up 26% of plantations, including birch (Betula sp.) - 18.1%, aspen (Populus tremula) - 8.2%. Shrubs occupy 1% of plantations, mainly elfin pine (Pinus pumila).
The list of rare and protected plant species of the national park includes 76 plant species. In the Red Books of the USSR and Russian Federation 20 species have been introduced, including representatives of fungi, lichens and mosses; endemics of the coasts of Baikal - Olkhon astragalus (Astragalus olchonensis), Zunduk kopeechnik (Liedysarum zundukii), Turchaninov's meadow grass (Deschampsia turczaninowii), brilliant cotoneaster (Cotoneaster lucidus); six representatives of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) and others. Among the endemics and relics of Lake Baikal growing in the park: three-leafed hollywort (Oxytropis triphylla), Cisbaical hedysarum (Hedysarum cisbaicalense), corydalis impatiens (Corydalis impatiens) and others, some species of mushrooms. Plants with declining populations: various lilies (Lilium spp.), Asiatic bathing suit (Trollius asiaticus), bird cherry (Padus avium), Daurian rhododendron (Rhododendron dauricum), apple tree (Malus baccata), etc.
Fauna
The fauna and animal population of the southwestern and western Baikal region are distinguished by their exceptional originality, largely due to the fact that a significant part of the species lives near the boundaries of their ranges. 380 species of vertebrates have been recorded in the area of the national park: 59 species of mammals, 272 species of birds, 6 reptiles, 3 amphibians and 40 species of fish. Bear (Ursus arctos), elk (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are common. Typical species of the Siberian faunistic complex - flying squirrel (Pteromys volans), chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus), sable (Martes zibellina), musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes), kuksha (Perisoreus iniaustus) , three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) - prefer mountain-taiga larch-cedar forests. Characteristic inhabitants of the light coniferous forests of the national park are red-backed (Clethrionomys rutilus) and red-gray voles, common shrew (Sorex caecutiens), East Asian wood mouse (Apodemus penmsulae), capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), tawny owl (Strix uralensis), blackbirds ( Turdus spp.). A complex of species historically associated with coniferous-broad-leaved and forest-steppe formations is well represented: Siberian mole (Talpa altaica), wild mouse (Sicista betulina), badger (Meles meles), wild boar (Susscrofa), black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), jay (Garrulus glandarius). ) and etc.
At the ice-free source of the river. Angara formed a unique wintering in the conditions of Eastern Siberia for waterfowl - goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), crested (Aythya fuligula) and sea (A. marila) duck, long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), loot (Mergus albellus), long-nosed (M. serrator) and large (M. merganser) mergansers, mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). The total number of wintering waterfowl in some years reaches 10 thousand individuals or more.
The list of rare animals living in the national park includes 75 species: 15 species of insects, 2 - fish, 1 - amphibians, 2 - reptiles, 45 - birds, 10 species of mammals. Among them are species listed in the Red Books of the IUCN and the Russian Federation, endemic to the Baikal region.
Monuments of nature, history and culture
54 natural monuments have been identified on the territory of the national park: geological - 22, water-hydrological - 8, botanical - 2, zoological - 10, complex - 12.
Various forms of weathering are classified as geological monuments of nature. rocks, rocky stanzas, caves, karst failures, sand dunes, dunes and other forms. Two of them - Cape Ulan-Hyp and Shaman-Kamen - have a reserved regime of protection. Cape Ulan-Hyp is an object of the International Geological Year, an array with a rare accumulation of the rarest and unique minerals. Over the past decade, 120 different minerals have been identified here. Shaman-Stone, the most popular and legendary place on Baikal - a tiny island at the head of the river. Angara, the only surface ledge of the Angara threshold.
The list of water and hydrological monuments includes springs, hydrolaccoliths, Tazheran lakes and a mineral spring.
The number of botanical monuments includes two objects - the Courage of Life cedar and a relic spruce forest on Olkhon Island. These objects are a botanical mystery, they are of cognitive and scientific interest, they have a reserved regime.
Nine out of ten zoological monuments of nature are located in the Small Sea. These are tower-type rocky islands with steep shores characteristic of Baikal: Shokhoi, Borgodagon, Oltrek, Shargodegan, Zumugoy, Urungoy, Khubin, Khunuk, Bolshoy Taynik. All islands are places of mass nesting of the herring gull. The tenth zoological monument of nature - the cliff "Bird's Market" - the only one on Baikal place, where herring gull nests are located on sheer walls.
The most interesting and most popular of the complex natural monuments are Peschanaya Bay and the Sagan-Zaba cliff.
Among the historical sights of the national park is the famous Circum-Baikal Railway - a monument of history and engineering art.
Functional zoning
In 1989, the "Rosgiproles" Institute (Moscow), together with the "Lengiprogor" Institute (St. Petersburg), developed the National Park Project ("Master Plan for the Organization of the Pribaikalsky State Natural National Park"). According to design solutions, the territory of the national park is divided into functional zones with different regimes of protection and use.
The following functional zoning is currently accepted:
1. protected area- 86.5 thousand ha (20.7% of the total park area),
including the area of reference plots is 8.3 thousand hectares.
2. Zone of regulated recreational use - 171.1 thousand hectares (40.9%).
3. Zone of intensive recreational use - 13.8 thousand hectares (3.3%).
4. Zone of traditional farming - 33.9 thousand hectares (8.1%).
5. Agro-park zone - 112 thousand hectares (27%) - lands of agricultural enterprises included in the boundaries of the park without withdrawal from economic activity.
A protected zone with a total area of 1203.7 thousand hectares has been allocated around the park, including a 3-kilometer coastal zone of Lake Baikal (246 thousand hectares of water area).
Scientific research
On the territory of the national park large complex scientific research. In the field of scientific research, its partners are the institutes of the Academy of Sciences (Institute of Geography, SIFIBR, Institute of the Earth's Crust, Limnological Institute, etc.), Design and Survey Institute "Rosgiproles" (Moscow). The "Program of ecological monitoring of the Pribaikalsky national park and the Baikal region" was drawn up. Collection, generalization and automated processing of data is carried out under the program "Integrated system of bioeconomic monitoring and automated system for managing natural resources of the Pribaikalsky National Park". In 1994, an unparalleled automated system "Lesopark" was developed and is being introduced, which makes it possible to create a database of forest resources.
Foreign partners participate in international research programs - the University of Wisconsin (USA), Uniwersytet Slaski (Poland), Raleigh International (England).
Pribaikalsky National Park took part in the work of international, federal and regional meetings, congresses and symposiums, international fairs, including "Baikal - a natural laboratory of the environment", "Davis Program", a regional meeting "Sibecology", a Russian-German seminar on ecotourism .
The Pribaikalsky National Park is a member of the Association of Specially Protected Territories of the Baikal Region "Baikal Nature", as well as international organizations- Sierra Club, Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA).
The National Park cooperates with Russian and foreign organizations in various fields of activity: SES, Ecoyu Rice, ecological information Agency"Circle", US national parks - Yosemite, Rocky Mountain, Germany - Berchtesgaden, Environmental Education Center of Virginia.
Tourism
About 400 thousand people visit the Pribaikalsky National Park every year. The maximum influx of visitors is in July-August. The most visited area of the park is the area of the Small Sea ( Olkhonsky district).
There is a network of tourist service facilities on the territory of the park. The national park manages three camp sites and tourist shelters: "Taiga" (with a capacity of 15-20 people), "Kadilnaya" (for 30 people), "Academic" (for 25 people), "Pad Chernaya" (15-18 people). ), "Semenikha" (15-18 people), tourist shelter on the Circum-Baikal railway(15-18 people).
In addition, on the territory Pribaikalsky Park there are more than 20 boarding houses and camp sites belonging to various departments. In the village of Listvyanka there is a hotel "Intourist", with a capacity of 112 people, a sanatorium "Baikal" for 210 people. The largest and most visited camp sites are Malomorskaya and Peschanaya (with a capacity of 300 people).
Currently, in the period from May to September, several tourist routes for groups of up to 15 people operate in the park: weekend route (duration - 2 days); sports walking route along the "Primorsky Ridge" system (length - 100 km); walking route in the "Pribaikalsky" national park (duration - 5 days, length - 40-50 km); a cruise on a motor ship with a rest at the Kadilnaya camp site (duration - 4 days); cruise on Lake Baikal (duration - 10 days). On these routes it is proposed to visit the village of Listvyanka, the Baikal Ecological Museum, the Museum of Wooden Architecture, Kadilnaya, Peschanaya and Khargino bays, Kadilsky caves, Dry Lake, rest at the Kadilnaya and Peschanaya camp sites.
In the future, it is planned to develop both summer and winter views tourism: fishing, water on rubber rafts, horse riding, hunting, winter on snowmobiles.
In the field of ecotourism and ecology, the national park cooperates with foreign organizations: Baikal Watch (USA), the Korean Government Corporation for Land Exploitation, etc.
© V.V. Vorobyov, V.F. Lyamkin, A.V. Martynov, 1999
Pribaikalsky National Park on the map of Baikal
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formed in Siberia in 1986 on the western shore of the lake, its territory in the form of a narrow strip of land, adjacent to the shore of Lake Baikal, 1-8 kilometers wide and stretching for almost 400 kilometers of the coast. The Pribaikalsky National Park starts from the village of Kultuk and goes to Cape Kocherikovsky, along which the border with the Baikal-Lena Reserve passes.The territory of the park is 418 thousand hectares, it includes 10 forest areas, more than 300 thousand hectares or 70% of the park's territory is occupied by forests, of which 22 thousand hectares are cedar forests. The landscape of the Pribaikalsky National Park is very diverse and picturesque - the mountain-taiga slopes of the Primorsky Range with heights up to 1500 meters, in the north there are large rivers flowing into Lake Baikal - Goloustnaya, Buguldeika, Anga and Sarma.
The park includes the most big Island Lake Baikal - Olkhon Island, the most beautiful Peschanaya Bay on Lake Baikal, Aya Bay and the warm bays of the strait. And the majestic cliffs and rocks on the coast of Olkhon Island often have a pronounced individual appearance: Big and Small Belfry, cape, cape. The steppe landscape of the coast of Lake Baikal and Olkhon Island is also beautiful.
The relict steppes are of particular interest to the Pribaikalsky National Park, their large massifs are found only in this park - these are the remains of the tundra-steppes of the late Cenozoic, interesting for their preserved species of previous eras.
The flora of the park includes more than 1000 species of plants, more than 250 species of lichens and 200 mosses, among them there are a large number of endemics, and about 40 species of plants are included in the Red Book. The fauna of the Pribaikalsky National Park is also rich and varied, it has 55 species of mammals, of which 13 are carnivores, 5 are ungulates, and about 340 species of birds. So, on the rocky islands of the Small Sea Strait there are the largest colonies of the herring gull on Lake Baikal, nesting ducks - hook-nosed scoter, medium and large mergansers.
The Pribaikalsky National Park protects not only natural, but also historical and cultural treasures Siberia. In terms of the number of archaeological monuments, the island and the Olkhon region surpass any other region of Baikal, only on the island of Olkhon 143 such objects are known - ancient settlements, remains of stone walls, slab graves. Rock paintings on the cliff of Sagan-Zaba are world famous on Olkhon Island; they include images of shamans, running deer, swans, their age is estimated at 2.5 thousand years. Small rock paintings are also located on the rocks, at the entrance to the Sarma Gorge, on Cape Burkhan on the shores of Lake Baikal.
In the Pribaikalsky National Park, a network of recreation centers has been created at 134 km of the Circum-Baikal Railway, in Peschanaya Bay and in the village of Bolshoye Goloustnoye. And representative offices of the Pribaikalsky National Park are open in Irkutsk, the village and.
National parks, which in the 20th century became the main form of territorial nature protection for most countries of the world, appeared in Russia only in the 1980s. One of the first was the Pribaikalsky National Park, organized during the peak of the public struggle for the preservation of Lake Baikal. The decision to create it was made by the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation on February 13, 1986. The park is a specially protected natural area of federal significance. In 1996 as part of the Lake Baikal site, it was included in the list of the World natural heritage UNESCO. The territory of the park in the form of a narrow strip covers most of (about 470 km) west coast Lake Baikal - from the village of Kultuk in the south to Cape Kocherikovsky in the north. We can say that this is the most "extended" of the national parks in Russia. It occupies the eastern slopes of the Primorsky Range, southern part Olkhinsky plateau, river basin. Bolshaya Rechka (flows into the Angara River), as well as about. Olkhon. The southern part is dissected by the mighty Angara flowing from Baikal.
Our park includes the largest protected section of the Baikal coast (almost a quarter of their total length). Bigger than the sum of the Baikal-Lensky and Barguzinsky reserves, the Trans-Baikal National Park. In terms of the richness of flora and fauna, the number of rare species of flora and fauna, as well as the abundance of archaeological sites, our national park surpasses any other specially protected natural area of the Baikal region.
The total area of the park is 417297 hectares. It is located in the Slyudyansky, Irkutsk and Olkhonsky administrative districts of the Irkutsk region.
Unlike nature reserves, national parks can be inhabited by the local population, agriculture can be carried out on a limited scale, traditional types of nature management, and intensive tourism activities can be carried out. With the condition that this does not cause damage to nature. Currently, about 15,000 people live in the park. IN summer season hundreds of thousands of vacationers are added to them, because almost all popular places recreation on the western coast of Lake Baikal.
The main tasks assigned to our park are the preservation of the unique nature of the western coast of the lake. Baikal, creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreation.
IN last years The number of tourists visiting the territory of our park has increased significantly. They are attracted by the possibilities of "beach" tourism on the coasts of the Small Sea and Peschanaya Bay, the most beautiful landscapes, the sights of the old Circum-Baikal Railway, clean air and water. But how many of them know about the living treasures of wildlife preserved by the national park? The park preserves the unique flora and animal world, the largest collection of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna in the Irkutsk region.
The variety of landscapes makes it possible to admire rare, sometimes unique plant communities here, which you will not find anywhere else. Particularly noteworthy are the rocky mountain steppes of the Olkhon region, inhabited by relic plants - natives of the tundra of the Arctic, steppes and deserts. Central Asia, local endemics; sand dunes of Olkhon Island; desert steppes around the salty Tazheran lakes; dark coniferous cedar-fir wilds of the upper reaches of the Altai River; tundra areas and thickets of Siberian pine on the watersheds of the Zunduk and Ilikta, Kocherikov and Anay rivers.
Role in conservation
The park was formed in 1986 to preserve the nature of the western coast of Lake. Baikal and includes the largest protected area of the Baikal coastline(almost a quarter of its entire length). In terms of the richness of flora and fauna, the number of rare species of flora and fauna, archaeological sites, it surpasses any other protected natural area of the Baikal region.
Managment structure
Federal State Budgetary Institution "Joint Directorate of the Baikal-Lensky State Nature Reserve and the Baikal National Park" (FGBU "Reserved Baikal Region")
Particularly valuable natural objects
Name | Short description | Official status, if any |
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Cape Khorgoy | Southern part of Olkhon Island Known for the ruins of the ancient Kurykan protective wall, 185 m long and up to 1.5–2 m high in some places. Stonework along the flanks is well preserved. The laying of stone walls was carried out without any fastening material. Near the wall, a dilapidated ditch, 3.5 m wide and 1.5 m deep, and an earthen rampart have been preserved. | Sight |
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Lake Shara - Nur | The only lake on Olkhon. Translated from Buryat, "yellow lake". It is located in the middle part of the island. | Sight |
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Lake Khankhoi | It is separated from Baikal by a long sandy spit and is a favorite place for those who like to fish for sor fish and swim. | Sight |
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Pad Tashkinei | A beautiful ravine, which is located on the eastern coast of Olkhon Island. Archaeologists have discovered sites and burials of ancient people here. | Sight |
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Sandy beach of Saraysky Bay | North of Cape Burkhan of Olkhon Island. The sandy area stretches for about a kilometer inland. | Sight |
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Sandy beach of Khuzhirsky bay | The bay has a 1.5 km long sandy beach. In the northern part, a rare pine forest approaches the shore; the entire central and southern part of the coast of the bay is an open steppe space. | Sight |
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Cape Cormorants | Geomorphological monument of nature. It is located between the Kolokolnaya and Sokolovskaya pads, a section of the Circum-Baikal Railway from 128 to 133 km. It is a rocky outcrop above the railroad tracks. This unique object demonstrates the structural and petrological relationships of Archean rocks, which are of key importance for deciphering tectonic processes. The object is also interesting from a mineralogical point of view. | nature monument |
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white notch | A geological monument of nature, a unique object of mineralogy, petrography and geology. The only place in the world where such an abundance of rare and common minerals can be found over a distance of 1.5 km. Spinels of all colors. It is located in the vicinity of Cape Ivanovsky at 103-105 km of the Circum-Baikal Railway. | nature monument |
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Wintering of waterfowl. | Zoological monument of nature. The largest in the cold wintering of waterfowl in the source of the Angara River. Where the Angara flows out of the lake. Lake Baikal forms a huge polynya, where up to 7-10 thousand ducks survive the winter. The goldeneye (photo), merganser predominates numerically. | nature monument |
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Cape Ulan - Nur | Geological monument of nature. Significance - the structure of the Olkhon complex, veins of pegmatites in gabroids. The area of the monument is 0.2 km2. It is located on the western coast of Lake Baikal, between Aya Bay and the Small Sea Strait. It is widely known for its accumulation of rare minerals, some of which are extremely rare in nature. Precious and semi-precious crystals of blue diopside, sapphires, zircons, rubies and multi-colored spinels were found here. On a small area of the cape, marked by numerous ditches and clearings, a manifestation of rare differently colored, crystalline minerals was noted. Such a variety of minerals in one place is rarely found in nature. | nature monument |
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Cave Chapel | A speleological monument of nature. It is located 1.5 km from the shore of Lake Baikal on a steep rocky cliff "Arrow", dividing the pad into 2 ravines. The entrance to the cave is located under a vertical high limestone rock, which has a trapezoidal shape, at a height of about 200 meters above the padi thalweg. In front of it there is an entrance platform measuring 3 x 2 m. The entrance grotto of the cave has a height of 1.2 - 1.4 m. Before entering the "Chapel" hall, it narrows to 1 m and then follows a short passage 0.8-1 m high. It leads to a high, spacious hall, which has the shape of an oval. Through a hole in the vault, the so-called "window", the hall is well lit. | ||
Shaman - stone | Geological monument of nature. An object of Buryat folklore. It is located at the source of the river. Angara. | nature monument |
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gull cliff | Geomorphological monument of nature. One of the powerful outcrops of the Jurassic conglomerates. Place of the former nesting of gulls. It is located on the western shore of Lake Baikal, on the northeastern side of Cape Kadilny. | nature monument |
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Rock Two brothers | Geomorphological monument of nature. It is a granite two-peak rock on the slope of the Primorsky ridge, 1.5 km south of the settlement. Big Cats. | nature monument |
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Cliff Creeper | Geomorphological monument of nature. It is located on the western coast of Lake Baikal, north of the village. Big Cats. Represents sheer cliffs with Jurassic conglomerates, interesting forms of weathering. | nature monument |
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Relic spruce forest | Botanical monument of nature. Located on the western slope of Zhima. The area is 0.34 km2. The uniqueness of the spruce forest lies in the fact that it has been preserved since ice age and survived, despite the arid climate of Olkhon, thanks to the presence of subsoil waters. | nature monument |
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Cape Burkhan | Landscape and geomorphological monument of nature. The most beautiful cape with two towers - pylons and with a through cave. It is located in the central part of the western coast of Olkhon near the village. Khuzhir. | nature monument |
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Cape Mare's Head | Geomorphological monument of nature. This is the most southwestern point of Olkhon Island. In profile, the cape really resembles the head of some animal. Picturesque rocks Capes look especially impressive from the water from the northern direction, from the Small Sea Strait. In winter, the cliffs of the cape attract attention with sokuy - ice splashes, | nature monument |
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Cape Khoboy | landscape and geological monument nature. The northernmost cape on Olkhon Island. The cape is a columnar rock resembling a sharp fang in appearance. And from the side of the water, it has a pronounced resemblance to a female profile. | nature monument |
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Cape Sagan - Khushin | Landscape monument of nature. It is located on the western coast of Olkhon Island. It is an extended white marble rock mass, steeply breaking off into Baikal - this is how the cape looks from the water. A completely different picture appears before your eyes from the land: Sagan-Khushun breaks up into a whole ensemble of rocks, changing its appearance almost beyond recognition depending on the perspective. The length of the cape is about one kilometer, the rocks are covered with patches of red lichen, which contrasts beautifully with the light cliffs. | nature monument |
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Peschanka tract | Landscape monument of nature. A picturesque place with sand dunes in the central part of the western coast of Olkhon, in the Nyurgan Bay. As a result of wind activity, the sand is constantly moving, forming hills and ridges, covering an area of about 3 km. These are the largest sandy deposits in terms of area not only on Olkhon Island, but also on the entire western coast of Lake Baikal. Sand fields are of eolian origin: washed and sorted sands are ejected by waves from the water area of the Small Sea, and then are transported inland by storm winds. | nature monument |
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Sandy Bay | Landscape monument of nature, one of the most picturesque bays of Lake Baikal with sand dunes, "stilted" trees and rocky remains. The sandy beach of the bay, stretching for 750 m in length, has the shape of a semicircle and is picturesquely framed by pyramidal rocks - the Big and Small Belfry | nature monument |
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A picturesque rock with a through hole is located on the western shore of Lake Baikal, 15 km north of Peschanaya Bay. It is a geomorphological monument of nature. | nature monument |
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Circum-Baikal Railway | A particularly valuable object of the historical and cultural heritage of the Russian Federation, one of the main attractions southwest coast Lake Baikal. Built over 100 years ago, it has been preserved in its original appearance. No road in the world has so many tunnels, viaducts and bridges. | Monument of history and culture |
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Cape Kirkirey | It is located at 123 km of the Circum-Baikal Railway. There is a grandiose retaining-dressing wall of a multi-tiered structure and an abandoned canvas with numerous retaining walls, as well as 2 parallel tunnels built in different time. A favorite place for tourists to stop for the night. | Sight |
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bird market | It is located at 133 km of the Circum-Baikal Railway (planned zoological monument). Settled on a 200-meter cliff. For local residents the arrival of gulls on it in May is a sure sign that Baikal will soon be free of ice | Sight |
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Old Angasolka | It is located at 149 km of the Circum-Baikal Railway. Here is the stone arched viaduct "Angasolsky" across the Angasolka River, the ski route along the Temnaya Padya from the station. New Angasolka. | sight |
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Passenger building of the station (72 km). | Located in the port of Baikal. Built in 1904–1905 wooden building restored. There is a lighthouse above the Baikal station complex. | Sight |
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stone quarry | It is located in the valley of Katorzhanka. Stone for construction was previously mined and processed here. In the railway recess there is one of the strongest and highest retaining walls, with two inclined parts made of hewn stone one above the other. | Sight |
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Cape Tolstoy | It is located at 91 km of the Circum-Baikal Railway. The cape protrudes far into the lake. Here is one of the tunnels, 343 meters long. | Sight |
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Tunnel "Half" | The longest and most straight tunnel No. 12, its length is 778 m. On the cape, which protrudes into Baikal for almost 1.5 km, there is a cozy pebble beach with a place for a possible overnight stay in a tent. One of the most comfortable places to stay. | Sight |
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Peninsula (Cape) Aral. | Once in ancient times, the cape was an island. At its top, the remains of an ancient Kurykan guard post, surrounded by a stone wall (VI-XI centuries), have been preserved. The circular footprint of the moat and stone wall does not exceed 8-10 m in diameter. It is believed that such places were not settlements, rather they were cult objects, and the walls could have a protective magical value. | Sight |
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Bay Aya. | Planned geological and landscape monument of nature: significance - lycocratic granites, micro-wedge-bearing albites, pegmatites with amazonite; scribes; picturesque coast, caves. | ||
Aya Cave | The cave is located 2 km northwest of Aya Bay, on the marble plateau of Cape Aya. The cave impresses with its branched passages, decorated with sintered limestone formations and calcite crystals. This cave is the oldest in Siberia. | Sight |
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Rock Sagan - Zaba | Planned landscape monument of nature: significance - the rarest petroglyphs, picturesque landscape, Neolithic site. | ||
Cave Dream | The cave is located on the Western coast of Lake Baikal, 1.2 km from the lake at an altitude of 270 from its level, or 7 - 8 km south of the village of Sakhyurta. The length of the passages is 870 m, the depth is 52 m. It was discovered in 1962, and completely passed in 1970. This is one of the most interesting caves in the Western Baikal region. For beauty and wealth calcareous formations- one of the most remarkable in the Baikal and Transbaikalia. | Sight |
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Kadilyn caves | The caves are located in the valley Malaya Kadilnaya. There are more than 10 of them, each cave has its own name. They are diverse in shape and length, located in limestone at an altitude of 60 to 250 meters above the level of Lake Baikal. | nature monument |
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Kadilin limestones | Geomorphological natural monument of the Irkutsk region. It is located on the crest of a spur of the Primorsky Range. | Sight |
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Ozerko outcrop | The reference geological section is located on the site of the Primorsky Range, 5 km south of the village. B. Goloustnoe. The depression is periodically filled with melt water and a lake is formed, which can reach large sizes, and the water temperature in hot summer days on the surface reaches 22º C. | Sight |
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Pad Uzura | Recommended as a geological monument. This is the first gently sloping valley from Cape Khoboy, overlooking east coast. From the north and south, the bay is bordered by high rocky cliffs. Chrome-vanadium varieties of diopside and amphibiol have been found here. | Sight |
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Cave Uzur | Recommended as a speleological monument of nature. It is located on the eastern coast of Olkhon, in the northern part of the Khaga-Yaman bay in the Uzur area. This cave is laid in the graphite marbles of the Archean - Lower Proterozoic. Geologists found emerald-green tourmaline in slate-marble rocks. Next to the cave is a two-meter graceful rocky arch. It is also an archaeological site. | Sight |
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cormorant stone | Landscape monument of nature. By appearance it is a rocky island, with a characteristic turret on the east side. Located 160 meters from Cape Cormorant, has a semi-oval shape. Notable for being the only island in the southern part of Baikal, as well as the fact that in the past it was known as the largest nesting colony of the great cormorant on Lake Baikal. | nature monument |
International status
An object world heritage UNESCO
Description
The national park is located within its three administrative regions Irkutsk region - Slyudyansky, Irkutsk and Olkhonsky. Its territory in the form of a narrow strip stretches for 470 km along the western coast of Lake Baikal - from the village of Kultuk to Cape Kocherikovsky, covering the southern part of the Olkhinsky plateau, the eastern slopes of the Primorsky ridge, in some places reaching the watershed, the basin of the river. Bolshaya (flows into the Angara River), Priolkhonskoe plateau (Tazheranskaya steppe) and about. Olkhon.
Infrastructurally, taking into account the proximity of roads, the Pribaikalsky National Park at some of its points can be visited on foot or by car / bicycle / motorcycle transport. Most Popular following places(from which radial sightseeing cognitive routes then diverge):
· Listvyanka village - 60 minutes by car from the city of Irkutsk, in the village there is an information visitor center of the Pribaikalsky park, as well as regular transport and accommodation points such as hotels and local "home hotels"; There are cashless points.
· Olkhon Island – within 5 hours drive from the city of Irkutsk, there is also an information visitor center of the Pribaikalsky park and regular transport, accommodation points such as camp sites and local “home hotels”; There are cashless points.
Village Bolshie Koty - 25-40 minutes (by speedboat) from Listvyanka or 1-1.5 hours by regular water transport from the city of Irkutsk, in the village there is a museum and accommodation facilities such as local "home hotels".
· The village of Bolshoye Goloustnoye - within 2 hours by car from the city of Irkutsk, there is also an information visitor center of the Pribaikalsky park, regular transport and accommodation points such as camp sites and local "home hotels"; In addition, there are points of non-cash payment.
· The village of Buguldeyka is within a 4-hour drive from the city of Irkutsk, there is also an information visitor center of the Pribaikalsky park, regular transport and accommodation points such as camp sites and mostly local "home hotels".
The most famous reserve of the Irkutsk region is the Pribaikalsky National Park, stretching along the western coast of the deepest lake in the world. This protected area is included in the top 5 largest national parks in Russia, and is also considered one of the most visited natural complexes by tourists. And no wonder - on the territory of the Pribaikalsky Park there are many unique natural monuments scattered and incredibly scenic spots, and here you can see a lot of truly rare plants and animals. If you decide to go here, do not forget to take a map of the Pribaikalsky National Park with you, otherwise you risk admiring the scenery too much and missing many interesting places.
The Pribaikalsky National Park was created in 1986 and became one of the first national parks in Russia. The organization of the protection of these territories was widely supported by the public, which for many years advocated the protection of the territories adjacent to Baikal. In the same year, the park was included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List and received the status of a specially protected natural area of federal significance.
Peculiarities
The national park on the coast of Lake Baikal differs from other parks in Russia with its unusual shape. In fact, the entire reserve seems to be stretched along the western shore of the great lake, and its width is only from 1 to 8 kilometers. However, at the same time, it is one of the largest national parks in Russia and is known for the amazing number of natural monuments located here. This includes the famous island of Olkhon, Peschanaya Bay, Anga Bay, Cape Khoboy, the Big and Small Bell Tower rocks and many, many other interesting natural sights.
You can also see many amazing animals and plants here. Among the fauna, special attention should be paid to herring gulls and white ducks nesting on the shores of Lake Baikal, and it is also worth looking at seals basking in the sun and red deer grazing in small meadows. The flora is represented by magnificent pine forests that cover the mountain heights near Baikal and create breathtaking landscapes.
How to get there
The Pribaikalsky National Park stretches along the coast of Lake Baikal from the village of Kultuk to Cape Kocherikovsky. Tourists can get to Kultuk along the R-258 highway or by rail, and from there start their journey along the lake.
Coordinates: 52.141082, 105.475576
