History of Yarensk. Yarensk village, Arkhangelsk region

Every resident of Yarensk knows that the hill in the middle of the meadow behind the Kizhmola River is called the "Old Town". It is unlikely that there will be one of the residents of Yarensk who has not climbed up there at least once in his life. You experience a strange feeling every time you stand there, on a high hill overgrown with grass: in front of you, beyond the small river Kizhmola, a panorama of modern Yarensk opens up with its noise and bustle. Here, on the top of the hill, where these noise and bustle do not reach, underfoot ancient land Yerensky town. How many secrets she hides, and how many she took away forever.

How was this hill formed? The meadow in front of Yarensk is a hollow (floodplain) formed by the Vychegda, Yarenga and Kizhmola rivers. Their footprints are marked in the meadow by many lakes and oxbow lakes. Hill "Old Town" is a "remnant", a remnant of the former high place on the second terrace near present-day Yarensk. At this place stood at the mouth of the rivers Vychegda and Yarenga Erensky town - a fortress-fortress. In those days, the hill was much larger, and, perhaps, it was the root bank, where Yarensk now stands. Over time, the Kizhmola River separated the town from the main bank. The rivers and the river at that time were much more full of water, and the soil was sandy, which was easily washed away by spring waters.

The first mention of the Yerensky town is found in the annals of 1384. As a fortress-jail, the town was part of the general system of fortifications on the borders of the Muscovite state. The Chronicle for 1389 reports: “Permians who came from Udora and Penega to the Yerensky town, burned, plundered the monastery, and flogged the people of the monastery.”

In the sentinel book of 1608 it is written: "The ancient settlement of Erenskoe on Vychegda. And on the ancient settlement the Church of the Acquisition of our Lord Jesus Christ, the ancient top and the church of Othonasius Cyril of Alexandria the Wonderworkers; ... Yes, in the onbar of the city attire 4 squealing demons of machine tools, and eight towels in looms and 3 towels without looms are small: "The fortress walls with a total length of 222 sazhens were fortified with four deaf and three passing towers and stood on the scree. located on sandy shore Vychegda and Yarengi, the town was destroyed by the flood of spring waters. In 1635, the Yerensky town was moved to the Arkhangelsk monastery - the mouth of the rivers Kizhmola and Kishera.

In the census book of 1678, it is written: "In the village, the old settlement has been owned by townspeople since ancient times. Yards in that village were written by village people, and not near-town peasants."

By the beginning of the 17th century, the Yerensky siege town had become the administrative, church and commercial center of the vast Yarensky district.

On July 24, 1889, after a prayer service, a chapel was laid on the "Old Town" in memory of "Someone else's salvation of the emperor and his family during a train crash on October 17, 1888. Two years later, on October 17, there was a procession to the newly built chapel, where there was an all-night vigil and on the next day the illumination of the chapel in honor of the All-Merciful Savior stood until 1940. Subsequently, it was dismantled.

Some figures from the life of the city of Yarensk:

The city of Yarensk is the former county center of the Yarensky district, since June 1, 1924 - the Lensky district of the former North Dvina province, since 1929 - Northern Territory, since 1937 - the Arkhangelsk region. Yarensk has been known since 1384 as the Yerensky town (Vychegodsko-Vyemskaya, or Mikhailo-Eutikhievskaya chronicle).

Stephen of Perm (1346-1396) founded the Archangel Monastery here. In 1585-1586. in Yarensk there were 15 households of the "best" (i.e., rich), 105 "middle" and 601 "milder" (poor) townspeople. In 1629, voivode Raevsky compiled an "estimate list" for the city, which included a list of all buildings and fortifications, including a fortress wall "222 sazhens" long. Due to floods, the city was moved to the mouth of the Kizhmola and Kishera rivers (1635); there were 10 shops of merchants in it.

In 1708, the Yarensky district became part of the Arkhangelsk province. In the city there was a command hut headed by the governor. In 1719-1720. town hall was established.

In 1796, the county was included in the Vologda province.

October 25, 1780 county town Yarensk received the status of a city with its coat of arms (on the shield "two squirrels on a silver field"). At that time there were 15 shops in the city. Fairs were held in January, and auctions were held on Sundays.

On June 30, 1805, a one-class county school was opened in Yarensk, in 1822 - a religious school that existed until 1869, in 1870 - a women's gymnasium with four classes.

In 1869, the county zemstvo assembly and the zemstvo council began to work.

Since 1877, the city duma and city government were created.

In 1898, there were 222 wooden and two stone houses in Yarensk, as well as five stone churches. There were two brick factories. A lively trade was conducted in the city in the shops of the merchants Derbenevs, Metelevs, Okhlopkovs, Chuprakovs, Shchegolevs and others.

In 1910, there were about 30 commercial and industrial establishments.

In 1911, a city water supply system was opened, a mile and a half long.

Since 1916, the zemstvo printing house has been operating.

Since the 17th century Yarensk becomes a place of political exile. In March 1910, there were 249 political exiles in the county - mostly workers and peasants from the central and southern provinces of Russia, including the Social Democrats M.V. Smidovich, V.N. Podbelsky, M.F. Shkiryatov, I.T. Fioletov and etc.
The history of Yarensk in the Soviet period repeated the main milestones in the development of provincial northern cities.

History of Yarensk The first mention of Yarensk (Yerensky town) we find in a written source in the Vychegodsko-Vymsky chronicle for 1384. From this chronicle it can be seen that Stefan of Perm founded a small Archangel monastery in Erensky Gorotka. At that time in Yarensk there were fortifications. And the date, 1384, as the first mention of Yarensk in the annals, is the starting point for determining its foundation. The origin of the name of the city of Yarensk is from the Nenets word Yaran - a shepherd. From the end of the 16th century, the administrative center of the Vychegodsk Territory and the northeast to Pechora was the Yerensky town, consisting of a settlement (fortified town) and an adjacent "posad" By the beginning of the 30s of the 17th century, before the town was resettled to a new place, Yarensk was a fortress. The fortress walls were fortified with four blind and three passing towers and stood on an earthen rampart. In the prison there was a governor's courtyard, a prison, a customs and zemstvo hut, a hipped church of the Transfiguration of the Savior and the church of Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria wonderworkers. Location on the low, sandy coast of Vychegda and Yarenga. The Yerensky town was destroyed by the spring waters. The walls and towers of the wooden prison were collapsing. Gryazev about the resettlement of the prison on the left bank of the Kizhmola. In 1635, the Erensky town was moved to the mouth of the Kizhmola and Kishera rivers. The location of the former Yerensk town now resembles a hill in front of Yarensk, known as the "old town". The advantageous location of Yarensk on the Great Siberian Route, which passed through Vychegda, Vymi, Pechora, contributed to the trading activity of its population. shopping malls in the Yarensky district there were the settlement of Yarensk, the graveyards of Tuglim, Turya and others. Almost every large settlement had its own merchants: the Oskolkovs in Tsilib, the Shangins in Lena, the Oboltins and Sytins in Yarensk. As a rule, they occupied all high administrative positions in the county. Since the 17th century, Yarensk has been used by the government as a place of exile for political opponents. In 1601, one of the Romanov brothers, the boyar Vasily Nikitich, was sent to Yarensk by Tsar Boris Godunov. In 1690, Peter I sent here the favorite of Princess Sophia, Prince V.V. Galitsyn with his whole family, where he lived for one year. . By 1820, the only stone residential building in the entire 19th century was built by the merchant M.F. Ievlev. Water supply was from the river and from a well. By 1833, 1065 people lived in Yarensk. Stone churches were built: a warm three-story cathedral in 1830, a bell tower in 1855 and the All Saints cemetery church in 1863. Two flour mills worked in Yarensk on the Kishera River (by merchant Andrey Novoselov) and on the Kizhmola River (by tradesman Alexei Sukhanov and his brother). There was a brick factory and a dye-house, and a cloth factory operated in the village of Safronovka for about four years. In Yarensk, two fairs, Afanasievskaya and Ivanovskaya, and two fairs were held. In June 1812, the Patriotic War began, to which recruits and shooters-hunters were sent from the Yarensky district to the army, who entered the eighteenth squad of the St. Petersburg militia. Residents of Yarensk and the county took part in raising funds for the maintenance of recruits sent to the army, for the formation of convoys, infantry and two cavalry regiments. After the war, French prisoners lived in the city for some time. Since the beginning of the 19th century, Yarensk has gradually become cultural center county. On June 30, 1805, the first educational institution- one-class district school. In 1822, another educational institution was opened in Yarensk - a religious school. A library was organized at the Yarensky district school, where in 1855 there were 466 books. It subscribed to magazines: “Domestic Notes”, “Sovremennik”, “Russian Messenger”, “Son of the Fatherland” and others. In the 80s - 90s of the 19th century, Yarensk grew significantly and was renovated,

Yarensk is a quiet, cozy village of the Russian North, located in the southeastern part of the Arkhangelsk region. This is one of settlements Russia, which lost the status of a city (in 1924). In the Middle Ages, Yarensk was an important transit point on the way to Siberia.

The village is named after the Yarenga River, whose name, in turn, goes back to the Komi-Zyryan "yaran" - a reindeer herder. There is an opinion that the name of the city can be interpreted as "lake river".

The village has a small two-storey hotel located at: st. Kisherskaya, 3.

How to get to Yarensk

The nearest airports are in Syktyvkar and Kotlas, then from Syktyvkar by bus or train, from Kotlas - only by train.

However, the most convenient fast way get to Yarensk - by train to railway station Mezheg, lines Kotlas - Mikun, further by regular bus(25 km). From Moscow from the Yaroslavsky railway station by trains following to the stations of the Komi Republic, as well as Labytnangi. From Saint-Petersburg, Syktyvkar and Adler by direct trains to Komi.

By regular bus from Syktyvkar, distance 180 km, travel time 3 hours. You can drive by car either from the side of Syktyvkar through Zheshart, Mezheg, Kazluk, or from the side of Kotlas, through Urdoma, then by ferry through Vychegda in summer and on ice in winter.

Search for flights to the city of Arkhangelsk (nearest airport to Yarensk)

Weather in Yarensk

Entertainment and attractions of Yarensk

The layout of Yarensk is clearly quarterly: the streets run along and across the banks of the Kizhmola River. central Street- the Pokrovsky brothers, she is the First. Most of the buildings of pre-revolutionary Yarensk were mostly wooden and were built with a hipped roof, as indicated by the mayor. Only a few civil houses and churches were built of stone. For example, Pokrovskaya, which was partially destroyed after the revolution. Today from stone structures in Yarensk, only the Transfiguration Cathedral and the cemetery church survived. But the local wooden houses can boast more than 100 years of history.

Noteworthy is a stone house of the early 19th century at the beginning of Dubinin Street, a bakery building, a monument to the victims civil war 1919, To fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War, victims of the civil war of 1919, as well as a monument in honor of the 600th anniversary of Yarensk (Oktyabrskaya street, near the school stadium).

Across the Kizhmola River, opposite the Transfiguration Cathedral, there is a hill called Gorodok. These are the remains of an earthen rampart on which the Yerensky town was located until the middle of the 17th century.

Yarensky Regional Museum of Local Lore

The museum, located in the building of the Transfiguration Cathedral, dates back to 1905. In addition to viewing the exposition, museum guests can climb the bell tower, look into the restored hall of the cathedral, as well as into the 1889 St. George's Chapel located next to the entrance. She was brought here from the village of Mikshina Gora.

Permanent expositions: Vychegoda region in the history of Russia, Department of Nature, On the steps of five-year plans. 1946-1990 The museum also organizes temporary exhibitions.

Opening hours: 10:00-18:00, lunch 13:00-14:00, no day off.

• Where to stay: for radial excursions around the region, it is most convenient to stop directly in Arkhangelsk. In search of nature and solitude - in one of the sanatoriums, camp sites or hotels in the Arkhangelsk region.
• What to see: the cultural and historical capital of Pomorie - Arkhangelsk, the Onega Cross Monastery on Kiy Island, the charming city of Kotlas and the ancient Solvychegodsk 22 km from it, the original town on the Onega River Kargopol and Kenozersky located next to it national park- "pearl" of the Arkhangelsk region. In addition, it is worth visiting the cozy village of the Russian North

The new 2017 year somehow immediately began with working days. Two teaching aids hang around my neck like two collars, and even at the end of December I realized that on January 4th I would urgently want to rest. In such conditions, the proposal of Nastya Belitskaya (there should be a hashtag here, but it’s okay to breed these hipster things of yours) to go to one day tour in with.Yarensk came in handy as never before, for which I am sincerely grateful to her. It was a trip organized by one of the Syktyvkar travel agencies, in the program for 2200 rubles. in addition to the transfer back and forth, a visit to the residence of Mother Winter (with master classes and games, skiing, etc.), a visit to the museum, lunch and afternoon tea were offered. Currently, Yarensk is a small village-district center of the Lensky district of the Arkhangelsk region, and in the recent past, until 1924, it was a city administrative center Yarensky district. Historically, Yarensk is the first city in the Komi region and, in general, almost the only one. historical object, not counting a couple of monasteries, located not very far from Syktyvkar. What could be better? In these conditions - nothing but Yarensk! By the way, despite the impression of the residence (more on that later), I recommend the tour, but not in the cold that was in early January. My trip fell on a frosty day (-26-28), and therefore began immediately with adventures - the departure time from 7.50 was moved to 7.00, and they informed about it 40 minutes before departure. The morning accelerated sharply, and the employees of the company had to hiccup for a long time.

Views of Yarensk:

Part of Yaren's historical city buildings, almost all of which had something to do with Soviet power at its dawn:

And in this building from 1917 to 1935. first the county and then the district executive committee of the local council was located. The building now houses a library and Art Gallery, the house is famous for its steep staircase:

But the modern Christmas tree, alas, is already rural, at least one and a half in the form of a Christmas tree decoration looks somehow strange:

Sunset in Yarensk:

Views of twilight Yarensk:

There is a museum in Yarensk, which is located in the picturesque building of the former church:

The collection and exposition of departments for a small museum is quite good and interesting. The department of nature, the photos of which are presented here, has its own peculiarity or even zest. These are stuffed animals, which, through the efforts of a taxidermist, turned out to be very emotional and not quite similar to themselves.

Here, for example, is a bear that is sad. He obviously knows that he is dead.Or, for example, a squirrel - exactly like the one that, as they threaten, should someday come:

The fox is stoned, and the lynx is not at all in himself:

This, I emphasize once again, is not a flaw, but a highlight of the exposition. The elk in the museum, as it turned out, on the contrary, is the hero of the tragedy - having become entangled with horns in the bush, he died in 1939 and at the same time was placed in an eternal parking lot to guard the entrance to the museum:

But the birds and small rodents - already without any features and stories, the most common.
The History Department of the Yarensk Museum presents in some detail the history of Yarensk, its county, and the already Soviet Lensky District. The most famous exhibits are the table of the pre-revolutionary doctor Wolf, two gramophones from the beginning of the 20th century. and a diorama depicting the massacre of the kulaks over the Soviet village correspondent Kostya Zinin:

Gramophones, by the way, create one of the important elements of interactivity during the tour, the participants of which can hear the sound of records, albeit a couple of decades newer than the devices themselves, but it still creates a magical feeling of immersion in history:

Pay attention to the cap of the XVII century. - I would buy the same for the winter, why not produce such souvenirs in Yarensk?

All in all, the museum is worth a visit.

Actually, the "Residence of Mother Winter" is a project that made Yarensk interesting for people with children and, in general, for people far from history.

What can be said here? On the one hand, for an adult, an excursion to the residence is almost "nothing", as they like to say now. Yes, well done, but not interesting. But that's the way it's made for kids. Although, in my opinion, there is not enough interactive for them - for 5-7-year-olds it is interesting and so, and older ones can already get bored.

In the photographs, you can see the throne room, Mother Winter at the reception, the dining room, the bedroom (the pillow, which, according to local legend, is responsible for frosty weather, honestly, I wanted to steal and hide)), the kitchen and the treasury: