Shelter and overnight in the winter forest. Overnight in the forest for beginners (1 photo)

Imagine the situation, you are behind your group on a ski trip, you are lost. You do not have a tent, but only a sleeping bag and matches. Evening, blizzard. You need to do something to keep warm.

Or you deliberately went into the forest without taking a tent with you (I decided to save weight).

What do you need to know?

How to build a snow shelter (snow caves, igloos)
How to set up your bivouac
How to make a long burning fire
How to make a shelter from what is (booth, canopy, etc.)

So, the tourist got lost, wandered for a long time in search of a trail and decided to spend the night. How to arrange an overnight stay?

Overnight campfire

1.Choosing a place to sleep

The bivouac must be protected from the wind (the slightest wind increases the frost)
It is best to arrange an overnight stay in dense forest or a small hollow.
Avoid glades, forest edges, hills (there is a strong wind)
If the snow is shallow, then dig a place for a fire to the ground, if it is deep, make a fire on a platform of damp logs, or use special types of fires (evenki see below)
Prepare more firewood (so as not to run and search at night) or, if you have an ax, fill up sushi(dry tree on the vine) thicker

How to identify a dry tree (dry land)

knock on it with an ax, the tree makes a characteristic ringing noise
the bark of such trees often peels off in pieces, wood is visible
Pay attention to the top she is "naked"
Do not use trees lying on the ground (snow), they, their wood is wet
Do not use sushi without a top, as a rule such sushi is unsuitable

Harvesting firewood (how to fill up dry land)

From the side where you will bring down the sushi, make a cut
WITH opposite side about 15 cm above the first, a second cut or cut is made

When the tree leans, rest against it with a stick (horn) and start swinging
The tree must fall

Option for a large group and for singles (BALAGAN)

You can spend the night well in the forest, making a kind of "booth" appropriate place for the camp, the snow is raked to the ground. A snow rampart is poured around the cleared place in a semicircle, 2 long poles are prepared, which are stuck into the snow rampart; their tops are shifted crosswise and tied with twine.

Then, skis are stuck along the entire shaft, the ends of which rest on the cross of connected poles. After that, the whole structure is covered with blankets, and a kind of "wigwam" is obtained, open in front. Inside, the entire floor is covered with a thick layer of needles; if there are no needles, then a flooring is made of poles, which are stuck at the bottom of the snow shaft at some distance from the ground. Pine needles or flooring are covered with two blankets - and the "booth" is ready. Backpacks are brought inside and placed near the snow bank. In front of the "booth" on a piece of land cleared of snow, a long taiga bonfire is made of thick trunks of cedar, fir, resinous spruce, dead wood, etc. When the fire is burning, inside such a room, even in very coldy, very warm. "Balagan" of the sizes indicated in the figure can accommodate 8 people. Of these, 6-7 people. sleep, covered with a blanket, 1-2 people. they are on duty, putting firewood on the fire. Settle down for the night in the "booth" should be feet to the fire. This method is good for large groups same for one person

"Balagan" (or rather, a barrier) can be made from sticks and covered with needles. In front of the barrier, a “nodya” is bred (if there are 2-3 people in the group), or a large fire of the taiga type.

When building "booths" should take into account the direction of the wind. It is forbidden, for example, to cut wood for a fire on the windward side of the bivouac, thus destroying the protection from the wind. To adjust the thermal regime in the "booth" of a simplified design, one side wall should be made of a blanket. By tilting the blanket to a greater or lesser angle, you can use maximum amount heat from the fire.

The floor of the booth should be covered with spruce branches, if spruce branches are not available, make a flooring of logs. In order not to stick your feet into the fire, a damp log is placed near the entrance (the supporting log is placed at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from the fire) and strengthened with stakes or stones so that it does not roll down

Fire bed (method controversial)

Industrialists Far East apply the following method of lodging for the night in the taiga in winter. Having chosen a place protected from the wind, they rake the snow to the ground, clear a small area, build a large fire from thick resinous or dry trunks and warm the ground for 2 hours (during this time, food is cooked, people have dinner). Then the ashes are leveled, and the industrialists, having spread the skin, settle down in this place for the night, covered with a blanket. Almost all night, the warmth of the slowly cooling earth warms the sleeping people. (I used this method, but only in the fall). He works in the fall, I don’t know about the winter

canopy reflector

First option:

stick sticks in a snowdrift and heat snow on them. The snow shaft will gradually begin to thaw and will look like a visor. It will be warm between the fire and this makeshift shed.

Second option:

Stick sticks into the snow at an angle of 50 or 60 degrees, hang a piece of polyethylene (raincoat, awning) or any other fabric on the sticks. Such a screen will reflect heat from the fire and the person will be warm both in front and behind

The disadvantage of the canopy is that you can’t fully relax near it, but you can in the booth.

However, it should be noted that these methods of lodging for the night are applicable only in wooded areas!!!

Snow caves, pits, snow huts

In a treeless area, having a sleeping bag, you can spend the night in a snow hole dug in a snow puff or in a place where there is a deep layer of more or less compacted snow. The opening of the pit is protected with snow bricks, a piece of tarpaulin, etc.. Such a snow hole can be dug for 1-2 people. For a group with a large number of participants, it is possible to dig out, if the density of the snow allows, a recess like a wolf pit, which is covered on top with skis and a piece of tarpaulin.

You can successfully spend the night in the mountains V snow cave, dug - in a snowdrift with dense snow or V slope of hard firn. The ceiling in the cave is made dome-shaped, then when the stove is ignited and the snow thaws, no water drips from the ceiling. If the depth of the snowdrift allows, it is advisable to make the entrance tunnel longer and a hole in the floor of the latter that communicates with the cave. With this design of the entrance, warm air accumulates in the cave, heated by the breath of people.

It is very warm to sleep in the snow cave, having a stove and sleeping bags. Such caves are often used by climbers when difficult climbs. With great success, snow caves were used for lodging and housing in polar expedition Wegener in Greenland.

General rules for building snow shelters and choosing a site for construction

Do not dig a snow cave near a steep slope (snowy) an avalanche may come down
Do not make shelter at the base of loose rocks, overhanging snow cornices
You can not set up a bivouac near dry and rotten trees (the wind can knock them down)
In a snow shelter, the warmer the higher the temperature outside (at zero, the shelter can “leak”) Protect the ceiling inside with polyethylene
The smaller the volume inside the cave, the warmer it is (it is problematic to heat a large volume with breath)
It is better to build a snow hole, a lair alone, while taking off your outer clothing

open shelter

1.Snow trench

Such a shelter is dug out of snow at least 1.5 meters deep. As a shovel, you can use skis, a bowl, a piece of plywood.

A very good shelter is obtained in ravines and hollows. In fact, it is just a slit-like pit one and a half or 2 meters deep and covered with cloth or polyethylene on top. The roof is made from tree trunks and branches or skis and sticks (if you are in a treeless zone). The roof can be sprinkled with snow on top (additional thermal insulation).

In the taiga, you can build a similar cave near the trunk of a fluffy spruce, cedar. Paws if they are a kind of roof. Clear the place of snow near the trunk in a circle. In such an impromptu hut, you can even build a small fire

2.Snow pit

This structure is very reminiscent of a hole. As a rule, it consists of a pit tunnel and the hole itself. The minimum thickness of the ceiling should be 20-30 cm. Otherwise, it may collapse. If the snow is loose, then a snow pit is almost impossible to build.

Closed shelters

1.Snow Cave

Snow cave digs on the slope. Remove excess clothing so that it does not get wet, fasten all cuffs, buttons, locks.

Classic snow cave

Algorithm for building a cave

First a hole is made
Breaking through a narrow tunnel
The end of the tunnel is expanded up to the size you need

Non-classical snow cave type 1

Non-classical snow cave type 2

2. Snow lair

The snow lair digs near windbreaks and blockages in the taiga, there are very large accumulations of snow. A snow lair is being dug, just like a cave.

Single snow hole

In cases of extreme necessity, the night can also be waited out in a single hole of small thickness. It is necessary to dig a hole in such a way that the dead end side is raised. In such a nome it will be less comfortable than in an ordinary hole, but warmer than on the street. The point is that the person who spends the night in it should be above the entrance level and be in air cushion, the bottom is lined with a layer of spruce branches or sticks.

If your feet are frostbitten or your shoes are lost, then you can spend the night in such a hole with your feet inside and cover your head with polyethylene or wrap it in a cloth.

solitary burrow

snow hut

50 cm long and 50-90 cm long. These snow "bricks" must be strong enough to support their own weight during carrying and laying on edge.

It is recommended to build a hut on a flat snowdrift with a depth of at least 1 m. With the help of 2 ski poles tied to the ends of the twine, a circle is drawn in the snow. The diameter of the circle depends on the number of inhabitants of the future hut and is established in each specific case by simple calculations. The first block is laid on edge, slightly trimming its inner edge with a knife so that the block leans inward (if a large snow hut is being built, the angle of inclination should be small, for a small hut a rather significant slope is required).

To the first block, close to one another, the rest of the blocks are laid along the line of the circle. Once the first tier has been laid, the second can be started in several ways.

The simplest of them is that from the upper edge of one of the blocks of the first tier, a cut is made diagonally to the lower edge of the same. a block or a second or third block of snow (fig. building a hut a1)

The first block of the second tier is placed in the resulting recess so that its end is adjacent to the block of the lower tier. Then, close to the first block of the second tier, the second block of the same tier is laid, etc., continuing the construction, as it were, in a spiral. The blocks of each subsequent tier should be tilted inward at a large angle, i.e., a more or less regular dome should be obtained. When the dome is ready, a tunnel is dug through the snowdrift leading to the hut and ending with a kind of hatch in the floor of the latter. With this design of the entrance, the warm air accumulating in the hut (people's breath, primus) does not allow cold air to enter the hut from the tunnel hatch (Fig. hut construction-e).

Drawing "building a hut"

I think that building a hut in the middle lane is a very laborious business.

If a snow hut is built by 4 people, then usually one cuts the blocks, the 2nd carries and serves them, the 3rd builds the hut from the inside, and the 4th follows the builder from the outside and fills the gaps between the blocks with snow.

After the construction of the hut, it is recommended to dilute the stove inside, heat the air to + 20-21 ° and, having made a hole in the dome, freeze the hut for several minutes. After such an operation, the walls of the hut are covered inside with a shiny crust of ice, as a result of which, in case of accidental contact with the walls, snow does not fall on the floor of the hut. The hole in the dome is covered with snow (leaving only a small hole for ventilation).

Williamur Stefanson and his two comrades built their first hut within 3 hours. After some training on the construction of a snow hut for 3-4 people. (hut diameter 3 m, height 2 m) took 45 minutes.

In the snow hut, you can sleep in a sleeping bag without waking up from the cold at very low outside temperatures. If you light a primus stove or a fat lamp inside the "needle", then it becomes quite warm here, and you can sleep covered only with a blanket. Such a hut is indispensable when setting up a long bivouac (especially in treeless areas and in the mountains). If it is supposed to winter hike build a snow hut at each bivouac, then the group should train in its construction long before the trip.

You can make a snow hut of a simple design, but it will be colder than an igloo. Snow "bricks" for this hut are prepared in the same way as for the "igloo"; then a square-shaped structure is formed from them, which is covered on top with a piece of tarpaulin or blankets (see building a hut). You can also put skis on top and pile snow bricks on them. All cracks between the blocks are covered with snow. It is warmer to sleep in such a hut than in a tent.

When sleeping in the snow, in all cases it is very important to thoroughly dry the equipment (socks, ski suit, boots) before going to bed. At night, shoes should be removed and hidden in a sleeping bag, warm (fur) sleeping socks should be put on your feet, which each member of the group should have on a long-distance ski trip in winter.

If you have to spend the night without sleeping bags and you can’t make a fire due to lack of fuel, you need to build a snow hut or dig a snow hole, cave, etc., take off your frozen boots, put on dry woolen socks or fur socks and put your feet in a backpack. You can't sleep in this position.

To set up a winter bivouac, you should have a snow shovel

Bonfires of long burning (winter bonfires, bonfires for overnight stays)

I have previously written an article about who is interested to see.

Building a fire requires great skill and skill; this is a kind of skill that needs to be learned so that even in winter it can be bred without problems.

In winter, before making a fire, they rake the snow to the ground with a shovel or skis, otherwise the fire will sink deeper into the snow, eventually forming a deep snow pit. Or they make a fire on the basis of logs.

Taiga bonfire(rice. bonfires-d) consists of solid or cut into two parts of woods 2.5-3 m long (cedar, resinous spruce, deadwood, etc.). Firewood is laid either along (a long fire) ‘or in the wrong well. The fire gives a large hot flame and a lot of coals; used for cooking, drying clothes, for sleeping large group campfire in summer and winter. The taiga bonfire is a long-acting bonfire.

"American fireplace". This type of bonfire is a very long lasting bonfire. Thick short logs with chopped knots and small branches are stacked as shown in ( rice. Bonfires - e.) The fire is kindled below, at the base of the "hill". Burning, the lower log crumbles gradually into coals, the next log slips in its place, etc. The “American bonfire” is used by Canadian trappers when they spend the night by the fire in summer and winter. Cooking food on such a fire is inconvenient. Only 1-2 people can spend the night at such a fire.

Nodia (fig. fires- and ) - a fire of very long action (the Finnish fire rakotum belongs to the same type). For a node, it is necessary to find a suitable fuel, otherwise it will burn very badly. The best fuel for it is dry spruce or pine, resinous spruce, cedar, in the Ussuri region - elm. fir, which inexperienced tourist can be mixed with spruce, not suitable for node. Spruce should be cut into logs 2.5 - 3 m long, 2. of them are stacked on top of each other and fixed with pegs, and the third, which serves as a regulator, is applied on the side. The node is kindled by placing kindling between the logs of the node regulator, or they cut down along the entire length of both logs of the trough, which form, when the logs are laid on top of each other, a semblance of a tunnel. Here! birch bark, dry moss, incendiary sticks (see below) are placed along the entire length of the gutter and a fire is lit.

Nodia gradually flares up and burns evenly for several hours, giving great heat. If it is necessary to weaken the heat, then the log of the regulator moves back a little. Nodia is used by taiga hunters of Karelia for the night, Kola Peninsula, Siberia, etc. Near the node, you can spend the night well for 2-3 people by building a reflective barrier from branches or skis and an awning, so that sleeping people are between the barrier and the node

A node can be folded from 3-4 logs. In this case, it should be kindled with a fire built at the base of the log wall of the node.

Survival in winter without a tent

Few people can imagine how you can arrange an overnight stay in the forest in winter. The temperature is below freezing, there is snow, and you sleep under the Christmas tree. One of my friends was shocked by the verses of the ensign, who wrote: "I saw death, spent the night in a tent in the winter." But I assure you, spend the night under starry sky, next to fluffy spruce paws covered with snow, very romantic! March is the most favorable time to try yourself in the role of a "snowman": there are no more severe frosts, but the spring thaw is still far away. Important point- fees. First: you need to buy a "thick foam" (tourist rug). For winter, do not take a folding one, it is better to roll it (it pulls through the folds with a chill). The second thing is a sleeping bag. Of course, you can say: “Buy yourself a good winter one, designed for low temperature". The advice is impeccable, but such a sleeping bag is expensive. You can do the usual and take a warm blanket with you. In winter, it is especially pleasant to sleep in a double (two sleeping bags connected together by a zipper, which can fit two).

As for the equipment. It is necessary to have thermal underwear or an additional set of underwear. Thermal underwear is better - it dries the skin, which means you feel cozier. Without it, you will definitely sweat, and I categorically forbid you to go to bed wet! Next, we put warm socks, a hat (knitted or polartec), knitted gloves. In addition, you must have warm harem pants, a polartec jacket or a wool sweater. Also, prepare something to organize a fire: a saw (required), an ax (preferably), a hanger for pots, as well as matches and ... a compass. What is the compass for? Well, firstly, it will help you navigate the terrain, and secondly, it will fit for ... a fire. This device is made of plexiglass, which burns perfectly (if firewood is not taken in a different way). Matches choose those that are sold in a huge box with an inscription - each match burns for 7 minutes. Now add to the list the things you need on any trip: spoons, bowls, bowlers, and more. And go! It is very important to choose the "right" place. No fields, edges are good. Right place for winter parking - dense and dense forest, where there is no wind. But do not rush to put up a tent. First, prepare firewood (in the summer we do the opposite). There is an opinion that it should be placed on a bonfire or on a “patch” cleared of snow and littered with spruce branches. It made some sense when there were no foams, but not now. I do this: I trample down the platform a little and that's it. Important: do not compact the snow to a solid state, it is better to do it from the inside of the tent with your own weight. It turns out a kind of "anatomical bed".

Now about the fire. We rake a hole, put a row of logs close to each other on the bottom and make a fire from above. There is also such a device: a grid. It is stretched between two trees, and on it, right on weight, a fire is arranged. The key to a warm overnight stay is a hearty dinner. If you don’t eat at home after 7 p.m., then in the forest you need to give yourself “freedom”. Also, take a chocolate candy with you to the tent. The body warms up surprisingly quickly if it is given something sweet, even just a piece of sugar, when it is frozen. What should not be done at dinner is to be zealous in absorbing national drinks. One glass will probably warm you, but large quantity will do harm. Yes, alcohol instantly warms you up, but over the course of several hours it has the opposite effect, improving body heat exchange and environment. And this is exactly what we should avoid. It is much more effective to pour boiling water into a thermos in the evening - in the morning this will help you quickly bring yourself to life. Finally, the last thing: we put on dry clothes, and put warm clothes under our heads. This is an important "trick"! If you lay down and you are hot, you will definitely sweat and the moisture will cool you all night. Do not overdo it in the desire to warm up - it is better to do this when you feel that you are freezing. That's all, pleasant dreams!

Necessary equipment for spending the night in tents in the winter in the forest

The time when people go to the forest to spend the night is not some kind of wildness for a long time. Spending the night in the forest in winter in a tent on the snow also implies the presence of certain theoretical skills applied in practice more than once. Many fishermen and hunters know that experience will help keep you warm.

To spend the night in a tent in the winter in the forest, on the snow, you will need a certain amount of equipment. In general, a tent in the winter in the forest can be attributed to extreme sports tourism. The main thing is a sleeping bag, a rug and of course a tent.

Initially, I would like to debunk a certain myth. Insulated tents themselves do not exist. In general, the fabric initially does not breathe well, as a result, tents are often made of two layers. Today modern tents most often made of very thin materials, the main tasks of which are not to let water through.

One of the main tasks is how to keep warm in a tent in winter and protect yourself from water. For this often using underfloor heating, we already wrote about it earlier.

The second task is to protect yourself from the winds, as a result of which it always seems as if it is always warmer in tents.

There is a category of people heating the air inside the tent with a gas burner. Judging objectively, this is not only very dangerous, but relatively useless, since the air cools quickly, but you don’t want to set fire to your own portable house, imprudently dropping a burner on a sleeping bag.

We turn to the burning issues of many tourists - this is a sleeping bag. If you are not going to heat the tent, then for overnight stay in tents in winter you need a three-layer sleeping bag. You can only find out if you have a two- or three-layer sleeping bag from the seller. There is still a difference, it will be a little colder and more uncomfortable. In shape, the sleeping bag resembles an unbuttoned blanket to the end, it is very good if it has a headrest. This envelope is an almost insurmountable barrier to the cold.

What kind of tent to take with you in the winter in the forest for an overnight stay

Tents vary in weight, capacity and water resistance that the awning can withstand.

The optimal capacity of the tent is three people. Tents large sizes don't buy often. It is clear that in reality 2 times more people can easily fit in such a tent. Of course, this is not on folding beds already.

When your tent stays out in the rain all night, sooner or later it will get wet. In order to spend the night and live in a tent in winter, it must withstand the necessary pressure of the water column. This water resistance is indicated by the letters PU and should not be less than 1500 mm. An overnight tent must have the necessary, sufficient water resistance. For example, many self-folding tents, I will not name their brands (in round case) are not heavy, but get wet instantly.

The tent in the winter in the forest is often exposed strong winds and frost, when it comes to choosing a product, pay attention to the presence of a vestibule. Tambour will protect important things from getting wet in the rain. This is a place where they store things, shoes, their backpack, hang clothes and even drive a snowmobile.

Overnight stay in a tent UP 2 video review

Well, the tents seem to be sorted out. Carpets are also taken with them, everything is not important here. By the way, instead of a rug, rolled foil insulation of the foam type is perfect. In general, they are all the same, their properties do not differ significantly.

Having dealt with the necessary tourist equipment, "go ahead". Let's move on to the necessary knowledge.

Tips on what you need to know to spend the night in tents in the cold in winter

So, you sit by the fire realizing that it's time to go to bed. Perhaps after drinking a sip of something “warming”, having eaten in advance, climb into the tent. Naturally, it is cold there, as we are discussing lodging for the night without a stove in the winter frost.

Cover the floor in the tent with rugs completely, then the cold will not pass from the floor into the scarf. More precisely, the cold will be, but not so sharply felt. It is likely that two rugs are not enough for the floor area. When there is nothing to cover the floor with, take things and clothes out of the bag and lay them out in an even layer along the entire diameter of the tent. This will plug the uncovered areas of the floor, This will protect you from blowing wind under the awning. Thus, you can transform the tent, saddle it warmer and more comfortable.

There is a golden rule in winter - you can’t spend the night alone in a tent, not much. Another tourist tradition says that men are on the edge, the girl is given a place in the middle. Most often, people discuss in advance who will spend the night where and with whom. When three people sleep in a tent (gender doesn't matter here), all three are relatively warm.

Sleepover clothes in winter

It is not advisable to spend the night in a tent in winter in trousers. Stock up on pants and wool socks (this is an important condition in your case) for an overnight stay. They say simple pants go well with warmer clothes. To spend the night, it would not be superfluous to wear a sweater that is hot to wear during the day. Under the sweater, you can pry off a flannelette shirt. We recommend that you take care of your chest and throat, so take care of yourself and take care of your clothes.

Be sure to wear clean and dry clothes. I will say right away that wet laundry is great way quality and quickly zadubit. That is why the first thing you should always do when climbing into a tent is to put on dry clothes.

Putting on a hat at night will not be superfluous, the head can freeze terribly at night, then you will have to treat. I think you don’t want to wake up with a headache, or you don’t want to freeze from the cold.

Wear more clothes in a tent in the winter in the forest, this is definitely not superfluous. Let you get a little hot, not too much. The very coldness is always felt in the morning and at dawn, when the mobilized forces of the organism come to an end. During sleep, your heat loss should be minimal. Why do you need to get up from your own trembling - take care of yourself in the evening, otherwise you will have to regret it.

All these tips, without heating in a tent, are suitable up to -20 degrees, and even then not for everyone.

Well, the last thing I would like to note is that in the morning you will not wake up cold at all, if you use tents with a stove, minimize the discomfort from frost. Large tent umbrella UP 5 suitable for large companies for 5-6 people, in this form, severe cold is taken out with ease.

1. The question that you will probably hear more than once when going to the forest: “Well, with what fright did you go there?” Therefore, in order to avoid hitches, it is worth immediately and clearly answering this question to yourself.
Options:
- I want to learn now and calmly, so as not to get confused if I get into a forced overnight stay
- I just want to gain new experience of working with my hands and head + new impressions
- I want to dilute the tedious life with a five-minute light controlled extreme
- I want to prove to myself that I'm cool and I can do a lot (no irony... this is also sometimes necessary)))
A thoughtful answer to this philosophical question never hurts.

2. Before getting ready for the exit, determine what skills you are going to meet the frost.
If this is generally the first exit and you know about the fire with the tent only in theory - winter sleepover bad decision. Generally bad! STOP!
The usual basic travel skills are a must.
Even if spending the night in the summer is not a problem for you, it is better to go for the first time in a pair with someone who spent the night in the winter before. Much better.
If there is no such comrade, take any. Going alone for the first time is the last thing.
Although, and this is quite possible, if careful.

3. Psychological attitude.
If you are ready, go. But without carelessness and maybe.
Frost does not feel the same danger as mountain abysses and sea storms. It doesn't inject doses of adrenaline into your bloodstream. He will overtake you, make you lazy and indifferent to everything, including your own life. Freezing ones do not scream and their faces are not distorted by grimaces. They just suddenly became too lazy to get up and jump and squat again.

Therefore, it is better to play it safe, now the house is warm. The story of Igor Grudtsinov sets the brain well. A good, tough guy who made a mistake.

Here is his last night.

So don't be shy
4. Theoretical training. Spend at least as much time as you choose your bike, camera or punch.

12. Food and drink.
Drinking greatly affects the sleep pattern))). But jokes are jokes, and at night getting out of the sleeping bag, unwinding socks, scarves, sticking your feet into hardened ice boots, and going to pee - this is not ice. More precisely, just too "ise". It is better not to get drunk in the evening.
About "getting drunk" - in nature you NEVER need to drink alcohol to warm up. You can do this when you come home, sitting in a rocking chair by the fireplace ...
It is necessary to eat in such a campaign without sparing the figure. Fatty, sweet and carbohydrates are welcome.
Porridge with meat, bread with bacon, hot sweet tea with chocolate - that's it.

And a couple more cans of stew and shmat lard in a backpack in reserve.
Don't forget that dinner will be all frozen by morning. And bread, and sausage, and onions - everything will turn into ice. Let the liquid turn into ice not in glassware, and tea not in a plastic mug.

Here.
If I forgot something - write, I will make changes.
If where I wrote nonsense - write, I will make changes.

I wish successful debuts to all beginners!
I wish all the old people not to lie too long on their laurels (sofas).
And Merry Christmas everyone!

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P.S. I regret to leave this site. If anything, I'm on a sister site under the same nickname.

The basis of a normal overnight stay is the right place, shelter from the wind and warmth from the fire.

That's just the fire must be right. And the right fire is node.

Nodia- a long and strong burning fire made of logs.

A node can be built from two logs, three, or more logs.

There are no problems with the tree in the middle lane. It is best to fell a couple of dry pine trees 40 - 50 cm thick, and disassemble them into logs 1.5 - 2 meters long with a saw. If everything is very sad and there is no ax / saw, you will have to make a fire from rotten fallen damp trees.

They also burn normally when dry. Of course, the heat is much less than from dry pine.

Especially for the "urban" - dry pine is determined by the absence of needles :) and by the characteristic sonorous sound if you knock on it with an ax.

Especially for the brain-dead "Greenpeace" people, their tripartite godmatrix - by felling and burning dry and rotten trees, we bring immeasurable benefits to the forest.

So let's get started:

1. Shelter:

If there is an awning or oilcloth, we will save a lot of effort.

We clear the snow to the ground at the place where we will sleep, and the snow at the campfire. We build walls from snow. (by morning, from the heat, they will be covered with an ice crust and become monolithic). We put spruce branches on the ground (i.e. spruce branches) the thicker the layer, the softer and warmer it is to sleep.

We make a roof - we stretch an awning.

This is what our temporary home looks like.

If there is no awning or oilcloth, long poles are placed on the walls and covered with a thick layer of spruce branches. When it snows, you will get an excellent warm roof.

2. Bonfire:

The fire is kindled at a distance of 1.5 - 2 meters from the shelter. You can't get any closer - the equipment will burn with sparks. Further it is impossible - it is inefficient. Not enough heat will get into the shelter, you will freeze.

Stages of lighting a fire:

1. We prepared a lot of firewood :) and a few logs.

2. They laid the first log, lit a fire. (The process of lighting a fire in difficult conditions such as rain, dampness, etc. is worthy of a separate article with photos). We support it, warm up, cook food, drink alcohol (only in microdoses, it will debilitate after a hard day)

3. The fire flared up, put the next log on top and add branches to the hand with a thickness.

After half an hour, we have 3 logs burning almost without fire, but with heat and coals (this is not brushwood for you)! You can lay wet logs.

As it burns, the top logs move up. The attendant oversees this process.

Also, the duty officer makes sure that the logs do not begin to burn along the entire length, increasing the efficiency of our mega-fire (there is no need to heat the atmosphere)!

If you are alone, there is no duty officer, then it is better to prefer a vertical node of 2 logs, burning along the entire length. And position yourself next to the fire. one log is placed on top of another and fastened with 4 stakes driven into the ground. Or another option, but very laborious - a hollow is cut out in the lower log and the upper log is placed. I haven't tested since. it is very labor intensive. with a vertical node, sleep for 3-4 hours in the heat and warmth (if the log is 40-50 cm thick), then you have to wake up and make a fire again.

Experience in building a snow shelter and spending the night in it.

With all the advantages of spending the night with a node, this method has a minus - it is highly desirable to have a shift attendant. Moreover, of course, such a method does not provide sufficient secrecy, should the need arise.

It was decided to spend the night in a classic "snow trench" shelter.

The experiment was carried out at the beginning of March 2010.

The air temperature is about -5 during the day, up to -12 at night.

The snow in the forest is deep and loose.

1. Digging a hole

To begin with, with the help of a small infantry shovel, an approximately square pit was dug out in such a way that the entire partisan detachment fit into it - three people.

(the pit is already in the morning in the photo, but the meaning is clear):

More spruce branches were thrown at the bottom, for additional thermal insulation.

2. Making the roof

In the most classic version, skis or poles are placed on top, branches, spruce branches and a layer of snow are placed on top. In our case, due to the lack of skis, as well as the desire to cut live trees, we limited ourselves to an awning. The awning was simply stretched over a hole between the nearest trees, just above the snow level. The holes on the sides were plugged up with blocks of snow cut from the crust and sealed with the same snow as far as possible.

By the way, the awning was not enough, I had to add the available foam with a metallized heat-reflecting layer to it. Of course, this layer down.

Thus, only the entrance hole remained, as well as a small ventilation hole, which was partially covered with dry branches, snow and a sleeping bag cover.

Of course, it was impossible to throw snow on the awning - due to the lack of a rigid frame, it would have been forced to the ground.

It turned out to be a pretty good-looking shelter.

That's all! We put foam, sleeping bags inside, climb in and sleep :)

The last climber plugs the entrance with a backpack, leaving a small gap for air.

3. We spend the night

We turn into a sleeping bag. Before going to bed, I prudently put a liter and a half into my sleeping bag. plastic bottle With hot water. The first half of the night was even hot for me :)

Total - personnel survived and even managed to sleep :)

4. Conclusions

The described technology is much less comfortable than the option with a node, but allows you to spend the night normally. But more secrecy. The laboriousness of building such a shelter is much less than the preparation of firewood for the whole night.
At night it was about 12 degrees below zero, but the temperature even in such a shelter (with a thin roof of one tent) was still around zero. The first photo shows how the walls melted.
A good sleeping bag is very important - in the morning the legs began to freeze slightly
Humidity rises greatly in the morning - drizzle hangs in the lair, which condenses on the ceiling and turns into frost.
Recklessly left near the entrance (inside), wet and not really dried shoes in the morning froze to such an extent that in the morning it took a lot of effort to defrost. The leg simply did not fit into these ice fossils :)
Conclusion: dry shoes thoroughly, if not possible, put them somewhere in the headboard, where the temperature is higher.
If the snow were sticky, and not dry and crumbly, it would be possible to roll up a lot of snowballs a la a snowman, and build a noble lair where one could sit, and not just lie.

Good night! Your old Manstopper.