The Bosphorus on the world map - the strait between the black and marble seas - the strait between Europe and Asia. Who discovered the Strait of Magellan on the world map: the coordinates of the Strait of All Saints

The strait is 61 kilometers long and 1.2 to 6 kilometers wide. The second bridge across the Bosphorus (Sultan Mehmed Fatih Bridge) was built on the site where the width of the strait is minimal (660 m). Official opening bridge took place in 1988, on the occasion of the 535th anniversary of the conquest of Istanbul. The strait connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, otherwise the Strait of Constantinople. Istanbul. Turkey. Somehow these magnificent mammals long time avoided swimming in the waters of the strait.

The strait has an erosional origin; is an old river valley flooded sea water in the Quaternary period. It is assumed (the theory of the Black Sea flood) that the Bosphorus was formed only 7500-5000 years ago. Previously, the level of the Black and Mediterranean seas was significantly lower, and they were not connected. The Bosphorus is one of the most important straits, as it provides access to the Mediterranean Sea and the world's oceans of a large part of Russia, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and southeastern Europe.

In the winters of 1621-1669, the strait was covered with ice. These times were characterized by a general decrease in temperature in the region and were called the Little Ice Age. Many shipping companies recommend that captains use pilots for the transit passage of the Bosphorus. On October 29, 2013, the Marmaray railway tunnel under the Bosphorus was opened, connecting the European and Asian parts of Istanbul.

The depth of the fairway is from 36 to 124 m. On both sides of the Bosphorus is the historical city of Constantinople, now Istanbul. The strait between the European peninsula of Gallipoli and the northwest of Asia Minor. It connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean. Subject to prior notice to the Turkish authorities, the Black Sea powers can pass through the straits in peacetime their warships of any class.

Bridges and tunnel across the Bosphorus

In Turkish, the strait is called Istanbul Bogazy (Istanbul Strait). The Bosphorus is unique in many respects - it is an old river valley that is flooded with sea water and has two oppositely directed currents: desalinated upper and salty - lower.

The population density on both banks of the Bosphorus is high. The Maiden's Tower is located on a small rocky island exactly where the Bosphorus joins the Sea of Marmara. The Maiden's Tower is located closer to the Asian coast of Istanbul. Many hotels in Istanbul have rooms or chic terraces overlooking the Bosphorus, but not many are right on the beach. Bosphorus hotels located on the shores of the strait are located mainly in the Istanbul region of Besiktas.

Istanbul, a metropolis of 15 million inhabitants, originated in the 7th century BC. And even in that distant time, when it was still called Byzantium, the city was a major port and center of maritime trade. There are two bridges across the Bosphorus. The first of them is called the Bosphorus. It is the most famous landmark of Istanbul. In the fall of 2013, a railway tunnel was opened along the bottom of the Bosphorus, which connected the two continents.

Now the strait has an international status. According to the statistics of the Turkish Sea Pilots Association, approximately 155 ships pass through the Bosphorus Istanbul daily. Of these, 28 vessels are tankers, six of which have a total length of more than 200 meters. But on the coast on both sides of the strait, crowded settlements adjoin, and he himself large city spread out on the banks of the Bosphorus.

And now tankers four times more than in Nassia regularly ply through the Turkish straits. Certainly. Exit in the construction of pipelines bypassing the Turkish straits. Turkey is extremely interested in this in such projects and is making significant efforts to implement them.

After all, without the traditional and unforgettable trip it cannot be considered a complete stay in Istanbul. Fishing has been the livelihood of coastal Greek, Turkish and even Albanian settlements along the strait for centuries. The Bosphorus is something special. Your texts are very lively and turned out to be the most useful among the many information that I had to re-read while working on the topic of the Bosphorus.

For example, the last passage of the text could be something like this: And suddenly, among the sunbeams dancing on the water, several dolphins suddenly jumped out with their fins shining in the sun. Environmentalists explained their disappearance by an abundance of ships, but now dolphins have returned and, moreover, have ceased to be a rarity!

Where is the Bosphorus on the world map

I read it without stopping, now I especially want to visit Istanbul, breathe in the fresh breeze, as you rightly noted, from the Bosphorus Strait. This is how Orhan Pamuk writes about the Bosphorus in his book “Istanbul. For the time being, only Greek fishing villages were located on the banks of the Bosphorus; but starting from the 18th century, they began to build yala here for representatives of the highest circles Ottoman Empire". There are several routes along the Bosphorus.

It was built in 1970 and is 1560 meters long, 33 meters wide and 64 meters above sea level. The bridge is only transportable and closed for pedestrians. Ortakoy Mosque (XIX c) in neo-baroque style.

Strait of discord: what could blackmail Russia by the Bosphorus mean for Turkey

Rumel fortress was built in 1452 by the Sultans Mehmed the Conqueror at the narrowest point of the Bosporus opposite the Anadoluhisar fortress built by Mehmed's grandfather. On the Asian side, you can admire private houses with marinas - this is one of the most expensive real estate in the world. Bosphorus.

Ferries in Istanbul

And disturbing news from the Bosphorus was not long in coming. So, on the eve of a number of media reported that in the Sea of Marmara, the Turkish coast guard somehow unexpectedly started exercises. True, in 1994, Turkey adopted its own so-called Regulations for navigation in the straits. Nevertheless, experts consider the prospects for a real blockade of the straits for the military and civilian fleet of Russia unlikely.

Closing the straits is a direct approach to the conflict in the military sphere, Nikolai Topornin emphasizes. Russia will never allow someone to simply, at will, in violation of international conventions, be able to close international straits. By the way, the opinion of the expert is confirmed by the Russian Ministry of Defense. Thus, the US Ambassador to the Alliance, Lieutenant General Douglas Lewt, stressed that so far he has not seen any signs that Turkey intends to restrict navigation through the straits in any way.

The Bosphorus was closed to navigation for a week, and the damage amounted to about $1 billion. Connecting Europe and Asia, the Bosporus moves desalinated-salty waters from the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, and further to the Mediterranean. BOSPORUS - Greek, from bus, bull, and poros, moving. Rumeli Hisar. Bosphorus. Both banks of the Bosphorus are connected by two suspension bridges.

The Bosphorus on the world map.

Bosphorus("Istanbul Strait") - the strait between Europe and Asia Minor, connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. On both sides of the strait Turkish city Istanbul. The strait provides access to the Mediterranean Sea and the seas of most of Russia, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and southeastern Europe.

Istanbul… ancient capital three mighty empires - Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman. A city that divides and at the same time unites Western and Eastern civilization and in a unique way conveys the exquisite oriental flavor and culture of modern Europe.

The magnificent city of Istanbul is located on the border of two continents, so the Bosphorus can rightfully be called the heart of the city. Amazing beauty The Bosphorus Strait enchants with its waters and contrasting shores. In the neighborhood of fishing villages and modern skyscrapers are located majestic palaces, which perfectly reflect the fate of the city - a symbol of the interweaving of luxury and poverty, antiquity and modernity.

Bosphorus extends for 30 kilometers, maximum width- 3700 meters, the minimum is 700 meters, and the depth of the strait reaches 80 meters.

The mirror-like waters of the Bosphorus, betraying the charm of the old city, cannot be compared with anything, they are in all sorts of shades of green, turquoise and blue. All the greatness and squalor of Constantinople is reflected in the sparkling surface of this strait. Summer residences and graceful palaces, which are randomly scattered along the banks, peacefully coexist with dilapidated villages inhabited by fishermen. Only occasionally the impression created by ancient buildings is destroyed by the steel sheen from modern skyscrapers.

Map of the Bosphorus in Russian

Sasha Mitrahovich 21.10.2015 15:39

The Bosphorus is surrounded by many legends that have their own versions of the origin of the name of the strait. One of the most common says that the strait got its name from the beautiful Io, which Zeus turned into a white cow. The unfortunate girl jumped into the water, which has since been called the "cow's ford" or the Bosphorus.

The name of the Bosphorus comes from two Greek words: “bull” and “passage” - “cow ford”, and the strait itself is closely connected with ancient Greek myths, one of which says that:

Zeus fell in love with Io, the priestess of Hera, who was the daughter of King Inach. For this, the wife of the loving Zeus turned Io into a cow and sent a terrible hornet at her, from which Io tried in vain to escape. She was rescued by the fact that she hid in the waters of the Bosphorus, which after that got its name - "cow ford".

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:02

The Bosphorus on the world map is located on the territory of modern Turkey and separates Europe and Asia, and Istanbul is located on both sides of it.

The Bosphorus Strait is a 30-kilometer winding crack connecting the Black Sea with and further, through, with the Mediterranean, has a depth of 30 to 80 meters, and its maximum width does not exceed 4 kilometers.

The Bosphorus Strait on the World Map:

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:11

The shores of the Bosphorus are connected by the Bosphorus Bridge, more than 1,000 meters long, and the Sultan Mehmed Fatih Bridge, 1,090 meters long. It is also planned to build a third road bridge with a length of 1,275 meters.

If we turn to true, and not imaginary history, we can find out that the first to build a bridge across the strait was the Persian king Darius, who ferried a seven hundred thousandth army across the Bosphorus on a temporary bridge, which consisted of rafts thrown from ship to ship. How grandiose an event he accomplished in terms of engineering, how mediocrely the trip to the possessions of the Scythians failed. Without accepting a single battle, Darius lost all his unimaginably huge army.

There are two bridges across the Bosphorus. The first of them is called the Bosphorus. Since its completion in 1973, almost 200,000 vehicles have passed through it every day from one continent to another. It is the most famous landmark of Istanbul. The total length of this suspension bridge 1560 meters.

The second bridge bears the name of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, it is also called the "Second Bosphorus Bridge". The bridge was built near the Rumeli-Hisary fortress for the 535th anniversary of the conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed Fatih, its length is slightly less - 1510 meters, it was completed in 1988. At the time when it began to be erected, many said that the bridge could spoil the silhouette of the city and all the beauty of the Bosphorus. But, despite this, the bridge built in one of most beautiful cities world, among the great monuments of history, along with its mosques and palaces, could harmoniously fit into the meanders of the surrounding hills.

Third bridge across the Bosphorus(The bridge of Sultan Selim the Terrible), the construction of which began in 2013, will cross the Bosphorus in its northern part, at the outlet to the Black Sea. The bridge will combine two railway lines and eight car lanes at one level. The bridge is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2015.

Terrifyingly huge, during the day they look like elegant thin threads stretched from one coast to another, and at night they shine under starry sky lights of all colors of the rainbow.

The current inhabitants of Turkey are proud of their bridges across the strait.

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:13

Marmaray Tunnel under Bosphorus Strait. In the fall of 2013, a railway tunnel was opened along the bottom of the Bosphorus, which connected the two continents. Only four minutes on it - and the strait is overcome. And from the final to the final station along the Marmaray branch, it takes 18 minutes to go, then you can change to the metro.

A tunnel was built to reduce the load on existing bridges through the Bosporus and to reduce the gas content of the atmosphere. During the construction, the engineers were especially concerned about the safety of passengers, every effort was made possible measures so that the Marmaray tunnel is not damaged by tremors in this earthquake-prone area.

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:15

beautiful panoramas do not cause overwhelm. On the shores of the strait, a mixture of past and present, luxury and poverty: marble palaces adjoin the ruins of stone fortresses, modern hotels stand next to wooden yawls.

Since the end of the 17th century, during the Ottoman Empire, pashas, viziers and simply wealthy families erected along the coast, where previously there was only a scattering fishing villages, houses, mansions and palaces. Then the architectural brainchild of the Bosphorus arose - a seaside mansion - yali. Translated from Turkish, it means "house by the water."

Usually it was a wooden house with several floors, standing at the very edge of the water. This tradition has survived to this day. Many old yalis that have survived to our time, after restoration, have become restaurants, expensive boutique hotels and houses of the urban elite.

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:19

There are many convenient bays in the strait. The most beautiful of which is. This bay with its shapes resembled a horn, so in ancient times it was called “Horned Bay”. The shores of this bay are as winding as the shores of the Bosphorus, so the bay forms a convenient parking lot for large and small ships. There are no rivers at the mouth of this harbor, so the waters have always been distinguished by purity and transparency.

In addition, the Golden Horn is reliably covered from the winds. Winter here does not begin until December, and snow on the Bosphorus is very rare. Autumn is quite long and is best time to visit the strait.

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:20

The most common theory (the “Black Sea Flood Theory”) is that the Bosporus was formed around 5600 BC. as a result of the melting of large masses of ice and snow at the end of the last ice age, due to a sharp rise in the water level by 140 meters.

Black level and mediterranean sea then it was 120 m below the level of the World Ocean and there was no communication between the seas.

In just a few days, a powerful stream made its way from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea, which at that time was a freshwater lake.

This is indicated, in particular, by the topography of the bottom, as well as the change in aquatic plants and sedimentary rocks from freshwater to salty around the time indicated above. On the underwater slopes of the Black Sea coast of Turkey during recent archaeological research flooded cities were discovered.

Most likely, it was the formation of the Bosporus that became the reason for the emergence of the myth of the Flood and Noah's Ark. By the way, relatively nearby, in Eastern Anatolia, is Mount Ararat.

Another reason for the appearance of the strait could be an earthquake.

Sasha Mitrahovich 22.10.2015 21:23

To fully experience what the Bosphorus is like, you need to take a fascinating walk along the strait on board any tourist vessel in the Karakoy quarter. A walk along the Bosphorus is an indescribable pleasure. Your eyes will see all of Istanbul with its inherent grandeur and pathos. Once on board a pleasure boat in the evening, you can try to look into the very soul of the “miracle of miracles” - the ancient Greek name for Constantinople.

The Sea of Marmara, the innermost and smallest on our planet, stretches for 300 km between the European and Asian coasts of Turkey. Several rivers flow into the sea, which from ancient times to this day in some countries is called the "Primorie", from Asia, several rivers flow, and its shores are densely built up. resort towns these are Denizkente, Erdek, Yalova, Silivri, Armutlu. Every year they receive hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world.

The geographical location and importance of the sea for transit from Europe to Asia is difficult to underestimate: it connects the two Worlds through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits. On both banks of the thirty-kilometer winding water route between the Black and Marmara Seas - the Bosphorus, stands Istanbul. The second attraction of the Sea of Marmara, which is worth a visit as part of a trip to the capital of Turkey - the Golden Horn Bay. Narrow, large and incredibly beautiful, illuminated by the lights of the city from all sides, it will charm everyone.

Bridge over Istanbul (Ataturk Bridge) - connects Europe and Asia. The length of the bridge is 1510 meters, respectively, and the width of the Bosphorus is no more.

In the large, one hundred and twenty-kilometer strait of the Dardanelles, leading to the Aegean Sea, two major ports– Canakkale and Gelibolu.

There are several islands in the Sea of Marmara. The largest of them is Marmara, the sea itself was named after him. On the island from antiquity to this day, mined white marble, and on the coast - you can find a gorgeous beach.

Another island - Turkeli, a paradise for lovers beach holiday and wine, located in the southwest. Finally, nine so-called Princes' Islands are within 25 km of Istanbul, four of them are open to the public, one is privately owned and the other four are uninhabited. Works between mainland and islands ferry service. You can board the ferry at the port of Kabatas, this Ending station tram.

Both tourists and locals go to the islands: to walk, swim and sunbathe. Special attention worth paying attention to two of them. This is Kinalyada - the closest to Istanbul, a calm and cozy island with the best beaches, especially good for tourists with small children. Further, passing by two islands similar to it, Burgazada and Heybeliada, it is worth landing on the island of Buyukada. This is a “mothballed” and specially protected by the municipality island, the most visited and interesting for tourists looking for immersion in the local flavor. It is forbidden to build modern buildings on it and violate the atmosphere of antiquity and originality.

In Buyukada, classic cars with internal combustion engines are taboo. Horses, carts, phaetons, electric cars and bicycles: that's the whole choice Vehicle. Many tourists walk around the island on foot. There are many cafes serving fresh seafood and shops with local souvenirs on the pier. Do not miss unique world Marmara, this small sea will enrich your travel experience in Turkey.

Buyukada is an island without cars.

Video: BUYUKADA / Buyukada/ Istanbul - Island.

Journey around the Sea of Marmara with Dr. R.Kasimov.

Yesterday I played with a Google map and looked at the Black Sea and wondered how they get into it. I knew that there was a narrow strait somewhere, but if you look at the general outlines of the Black Sea, you can't see it at all. In general, I found it on the map and it became interesting for me to learn more about this place, and it is natural to write about it here.

Bosphorus on the map can only be seen in a good approximation, it is located in Istanbul

maps.google.com/?ll=41.072939,29.112337&spn=0.603566,1.153564&t=w&z=10

The Bosphorus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, from the Sea of Marmara you can squeeze into the Aegean Sea (the Dardanelles Strait), and from there to the Mediterranean and through Gibroaltar to Atlantic Ocean🙂 There are 2 bridges across the Bosphorus that essentially connect Asia and Europe

The length of the strait is about 30 kilometers, its widest part is just over 3 kilometers, and the narrowest is only 700 meters. The average navigation width is 1.4 kilometers. The Bosphorus, although located in Turkey, is nevertheless considered international waters. About 50,000 ships sail through it every year. The sizes are very different: from small-tonnage aircraft-carrying ships and submarines, ending with entertaining cruise yachts.

In fact Bosphorus Strait brings a lot of trouble for the authorities. Residents of coastal houses daily risk waking up and seeing how the prow of the ship sticks out in their wall. The thing is that the strait itself in Istanbul is difficult to maneuver, this is due to its fast current (6-7 knots) and many whirlpools. In addition, the Bosphorus consists of 12 sharp turns, which makes it one of the most dangerous shipping places on the planet. In some places, oncoming ships do not see each other at all.

Looks like the photo was taken from the bridge

Voon beyond that cape the Black Sea begins!

Turkey does not receive a penny for crossing the Bosphorus, since this is not her personal territory. The only thing in the power of the government is to close the passage for a while strong winds and adverse weather. For this reason, traffic jams occur very often, which in turn affects the supply of oil (and not only) to European countries.

These are the ships that Istanbul has to accept. Damn, but it's still interesting to see this live!

And submarines too

I have a cousin who served in the Navy and visited these parts. I asked him if a submarine could pass the Bosphorus unnoticed? He says he can't...

Here are some nice views

This is the embankment of the Bosphorus

And some beautiful night photos