Manor large vyazema horse yard history. Large elms

in one of the finest autumn days, we went to Bolshie Vyazyoma, look at the majestic Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church, the atmosphere of the manor house, the stable building and the surrounding landscapes. The origin of the word "Vyazyoma" is not exactly established. There are two main theories. According to the first, the word comes from the Slavic “viscous”, perhaps this is due to the viscous banks of the river flowing through the territory of the estate, bearing the name Bolshaya Vyazemka, similar to the estate. Another theory relates the word "vyazema" to the Finno-Ugric roots, characteristic of the hydronymy of the Russian North (the Kama, Lakshma, Lekshma, Padma rivers).

Monument to A.S. Pushkin. 1999
sculptor Yu.S. Dines, architect A.V. Klimochkin.

Manor park. Autumn.

Back in 1585, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich granted Bolshie Vyazemy to the patrimony of Boris Godunov, and from the beginning of the 90s of the 16th century, Boris Godunov began large-scale construction in his new possession. At that time, a wooden palace, a boyar house, numerous services were built on the estate, orchards. By the end of the sixteenth century, a five-domed church in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord with a belfry was built on the estate.

The whole complex of manor buildings was surrounded by a wooden wall with five towers. Additionally, the walls were reinforced with a moat. Thus, by the end of the 16th century, the entire complex was a well-defended, powerful fortress. Up to now fortifications the estates did not reach, it is understandable, the need for them disappeared a long time ago.

Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior in the village of Bolshiye Vyazyomy

In the era of troubled times, Bolshie Vyazyomy became the residence of False Dmitry - here was his country palace and here, on the way to her fiance in the spring of 1606, Marina Mnishek stopped with her retinue of many thousands. After her departure, a terrible fire broke out on the estate, destroying more than half of the village. In one of the fires of the Time of Troubles, the wooden palace of Boris Godunov also burned down.

Pricht's house

Church school. The building is modern.

Lower Golitsynsky Pond, on the Bolshaya Vyazemka River. Also known as the Sovereign's Pond.

After the coming to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich, in 1618, the Vyazemy were assigned to the palace department. And in 1694, Peter the Great granted the estate to Prince Boris Golitsyn, "for salvation during the Streltsy rebellion." Despite the fact that the prince rarely came here, considering Dubrovitsy his main estate, the prince put a lot of effort into the revival of Bolshoi Vyazy. He restored the devastated Trinity Church, re-consecrated the church into Preobrazhenskaya, and rebuilt the palace. According to the diaries of Peter the Great, the emperor visited Bolshie Vyazyoma in 1701 and 1705. The manor house in Bolshiye Vyazemy was built on May 1, 1784 by the great-grandson of Prince Boris Golitsyn, retired colonel Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn. The bas-relief on the pediment of the house speaks about the date of construction.

Further there will be many pictures of the interior decoration of the manor house, which is probably more correct to call a villa.

The War of 1812 did not cause much damage to the estate. After the Battle of Borodino, on the way to Moscow, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, stopped in Bolshie Vyazemy. A few hours after his departure, Emperor Napoleon arrived at the estate. Dracoon and infantry corps were placed in Golitsyn's palace. In memory of those days, a commemorative sign in honor of the stop of two armies in the Patriotic War of 1812.

Sign in memory of the stop in Vyazemy of two armies during Patriotic War 1812.

In 1882, a new owner appeared in the estate - the son of His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn. Since its appearance, the estate has returned to its former livability. In 1908, the new owner arranges a holiday village in the vicinity of the estate, under which a part of the land is allocated, separated by a railway. Over time, the current city of Golitsyno was formed on the site of the village. Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn became the last owner of the Bolshie Vyazemy estate.
The changes that 1917 brought to Russia did not bypass the Golitsyn estate.

We rise to the second floor. There are many more pictures of the interior of the manor house.

In the autumn of 1918 and in the spring of 1919, more than 60 items of cultural and historical value were taken from the estate to the National Museum Fund, among which was an engraving depicting the family tree of the Golitsyn princes. The family jewels of the Golitsyn family were later transferred to the Armory. A unique collection of books, more than 30 thousand volumes, collected by Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, was distributed among the libraries. The estate was used as a colony for the homeless, then as a sanatorium for the old Bolsheviks, a school for pilots and paratroopers, a tank school, and an evacuation hospital. By the way, during the First World War, there was also an infirmary with 50 beds.

Former stable. It is currently undergoing restoration.

After the closure of the hospital, the zootechnical institute of horse breeding was located on the territory of the estate, which was personally supervised by Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny, who repeatedly came to the estate. In 1952 he laid the foundation stone for the new building of the Institute.

School of Arts, formerly the building of the Institute of Horse Breeding.

Not far from Bolshiye Vyazy there is the Zakharovo estate - the former estate of the grandmother of the great Russian poet Maria Alekseevna Gannibal. Here, in the grandmother's estate near Moscow, the future poet for the first time saw the beauty of Russian nature, peasant round dances, heard folk songs, got acquainted with peasant life. These first childhood impressions shaped his life views. In these places near Moscow, he began to write his first poems.

An old house near the site of the sludge of tourist buses.

Another monument to Alexander Pushkin in the estate of Bolshie Vyazemy.

In the period from 1805 to 1830, Pushkin often came to Bolshie Vyazyoma from his grandmother's estate. Since there was no church in Zakharovo, the Pushkin family went to services in Bolshiye Vyazyomy. One of the visits to Zakharovo in 1807 was overshadowed by tragic events - the younger brother Nikolai died. Nicholas was buried at the fence of the Transfiguration Church on the estate, from the side of the apses.

The grave of Pushkin's brother - Nikolai, who died at the age of six.

Nearby are several other ancient tombstones.

The story of Alexander Sergeevich's love for Natalia Goncharova is also connected with Bolshoi Vyazemy. It was here, in the estate, at one of the balls hosted by Prince Golitsyn, that Pushkin first saw Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. The estate of Bolshie Vyazemy is found more than once in the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It is believed that in the novel "Eugene Onegin" Zakharovo serves as a prototype for the Larin estate, and Bolshiye Vyazyomy became the basis for describing Onegin's estate. Now the estate of Bolshie Vyazemy, like the estate of Zakharovo, is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. In the Golitsyn Palace, among the interiors of the 18th-19th centuries. Golitsyn readings "History of the Fatherland" are held. You can get to the estate from Belorussky railway station by train to the stop "Station Golitsyno". About 1 km walk from the station. You can also get from the station by bus or fixed-route taxis. Do not try to get off at the station "Malye Vyazemy" you will get lost and get lost. By car, you need to go along the Mozhaisk highway. Before entering the village of Vyazemy, turn left before the bridge, and after about 200 meters turn right to the parking lot at the Church of the Transfiguration.

The Bolshiye Vyazyomy estate in the Moscow region is one of the most charming and visited places in Pushkin. It is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve. In , located five kilometers from Bolshiye Vyazyom, the poet spent six summer seasons from 1804 to 1810. These two places became for Pushkin a symbol of rural Russia, reflected in many works, including the poem "Eugene Onegin".

Manor Bolshiye Vyazyomy, the most beautiful palace and park ensemble XVII-XVIII centuries, located on the banks of the Vyazemka River, 54 km west of Moscow. On the territory of the estate there are the Golitsyn Palace with several outbuildings, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the original belfry, an old dam and other attractions. A well-groomed park and picturesque surrounding forests are combined in Bolshiye Vyazyomy with many historical and cultural monuments.

History of the estate

Bolshiye Vyazyomy was mentioned in the chronicles of the early 16th century as a settlement on the Bolshaya Smolensk road. In 1585, they were granted by Tsar Ivan the Terrible to brother-in-law Boris Godunov, who turned his property into a small fortress. In just one year, he built a wooden tower with outbuildings and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, a fortress wall, and a dam. These structures, created by the architects of Boris Godunov, have survived to this day.

In the troubled times of the beginning of the 17th century, the estate briefly became the country residence of Tsar False Dmitry I and his wife Marina Mnishek. At the end of the 17th century, he presented Bolshiye Vyazyomy to his comrade-in-arms in the struggle for power - Prince Boris Golitsyn. In 1784, his great-grandson, Nikolai Golitsyn, rebuilt the palace, and in this form the main building has survived to this day.

At the time, commander Mikhail Kutuzov stopped in Vyazemy, and after him - Emperor Napoleon. IN different time many famous and prominent people have visited here. Among them are Emperor Paul I, writers N. Gogol, V. Bryusov, L. Tolstoy, A. Akhmatova and traveler N. Przhevalsky. The most important circumstance for the museum is that it is closely connected with the name of the poet A. Push kina. Not far from Vyazem, the poet grew up, visited the local church and stayed in this estate with the Golitsyns. At the local cemetery is the grave of his deceased six-year-old brother Nikolai.

The estate remained the property of the Golitsyn family until 1917. During the years of Soviet power, the house fell into disrepair and fell into disrepair. Only in 1980, the creation of a small museum began in the estate, and in 1994 Bolshie Vyazyomy was declared a state museum and restoration work began.

monuments

The whole complex of monuments of the manor-museum is interesting, but the greatest interest visitors are called by a cathedral with a belfry and a mansion with two outbuildings. The rooms of the mansion are beautifully decorated with furniture and household items of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, collected for the museum in similar noble estates. The interiors of the Golitsyn Palace masterfully recreate the atmosphere of Pushkin's times: residential and front rooms - the way the poet could see them at a young and later age when visiting the house.

The main dining room is the same one in which dinner was served to Emperor Paul I, who was visiting here, and maybe to an uninvited guest,. The library temporarily served as the headquarters of the Russian army. The Masonic Hall contains portraits of high-ranking members of the lodge and mosaic symbols of the organization of freemasons. In the coquettish ladies' living room, everything is as if under Natalya Petrovna Golitsina, who became the prototype of the heroine of Pushkin's famous "Queen of Spades". The house itself, well known to the poet, became for him the prototype of the rural estate of Eugene Onegin, next to which was the more modest refuge of the Larins - Zakharovo.

On the adjacent buildings, alleys, walking paths and playgrounds, there are many memorable obelisks dedicated to famous people and significant dates of the 16th-20th centuries. The park and the pond give an idea of ​​the art of the masters of the ancient landscape. The museum hosts Full time job on the restoration of the premises of the estate services and the horse yard, as well as the organization of new thematic expositions.

An interesting activity of the State Historical and Literary Museum of the A. S. Pushkin Reserve has become festive events dedicated to Pushkin and historical dates, regular "Musical evenings in the Russian estate", held in the fireplace room. Child Center Vyazyoma estate invites young listeners and spectators to thematic lessons, concerts, games and festivals.

The Bolshiye Vyazemy estate is located in the village of the same name in the Odintsovo district, not far from the city of Golitsino. On the territory of the estate there are buildings of the XVI-XIX centuries. Together with the Zakharovo estate, it is included in the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin, created in 1987.

The history of the estate "Bolshiye Vyazyomy"

The estate in Vyazemy is a very significant architectural and literary historical monument. In addition to the fact that the great Russian poet often visited here, this place in different years visited by many famous people.

The long history of the estate began in the 16th century, after Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich donated these lands to Boris Godunov, who started a large construction project here. For example, a dam that dammed a river. Vyazemka was built by his decree and has survived to this day. Also, one of the oldest churches Moscow suburbs, also preserved to this day - the Transfiguration Cathedral.

The rest of the buildings, including Godunov's tower, have not been preserved.

In troubled times, the estate became the country residence of False Dmitry I. Under Peter I, it was presented to Prince Boris Golitsyn, after which it became the estate of the Golitsyn princes for many years.

Manor Vyazemy XVIII century. View from the side of Smolenskaya dogori (Mozhaisk highway)

Interesting facts about the Vyazyoma estate

1. It was in this estate, at the ball, that Pushkin met his future wife, Natalya Goncharova.
2. Princess Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, who lived here, served as the prototype for the old countess from Pushkin's story The Queen of Spades.
3. The estate itself became the prototype of the estate of Eugene Onegin, described in the poet's work of the same name.

The territory of the A. Pushkin Museum-Reserve in Vyazemy

The territory of the estate is full of various historical objects. It is especially interesting here in the summer when it is open. boat station and horse yard. But even in winter there is something to see here.

First of all, of course, this is the Transfiguration Cathedral with its belfry, uncharacteristic for the architecture of these places.

Lieutenant Colonel Gerasim Osorgin rests under the walls of the cathedral.

And here you can also see the grave of Pushkin's younger brother, who died at the age of six.

Throughout the estate there are many signs and QR codes, thanks to which you can instantly find out all necessary information about the exhibit.

The central building of the estate is the Golitsyn Palace, built in 1784.

Now this building houses the Pushkin Museum, which presents exhibits related not only to the poet. Entrance is paid, but on some days the entrance to the museum is free, for example at.

Near the palace there is a park where we can observe several monuments.

The first is dedicated to Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn. A participant in the war of 1812, as well as the owner of the estate in the period from 1813 to 1844.

The second one was installed in honor of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin himself.

And the third one was installed in memory of the Russian and French armies stopping here during the Patriotic War of 1812. First, during the retreat to Moscow, Kutuzov stopped here, and then Napoleon.

In general, there are many more interesting things here. Come and see for yourself!

Address and map

Address: Moscow region, Odintsovo district, pos. Big Vyazemy.

How to get there on your own: You get to the Golitsyno station (Belarusian branch), then by bus No. 38, No. 50, fixed-route taxi No. 38, No. 79, No. 1055 to the stop "Institute" (3rd in a row). From the railway the station can also be reached on foot (journey time about 20 minutes).