Which lake in Russia is considered the largest. Description of the lake Khanka - the largest and largest Far Eastern lake in Russia. Inflowing and outflowing rivers

Most large lakes Russia January 14th, 2012

The lakes of Russia are one of the national treasures of our Motherland. They can be large and small, freshwater and salty, deep and shallow. Let's figure out what the largest lakes in Russia and why!

The Caspian Sea is

the largest lake

Not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of 5 countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan). The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 1025 meters. The waters of this lake are salty. According to one theory, the Caspian Sea got its name thanks to the ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

This is the deepest (about 1640 meters) lake of our planet, located in Eastern Siberia. The area of ​​Baikal is more than 31,700 square kilometers and it is the largest reservoir fresh water(90% of Russia's fresh water reserves). It is also worth noting that the waters of this lake are unusually clean and transparent, and in old times- were considered curative.

Ladoga lake lies on the territory of the Leningrad region and Karelia. Its area is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, and most great depth- 230 meters, it is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and the Neva originates. It is home to about 60 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.

This lake is located on the territory of Karelia, Vologda and Leningrad regions. Square Lake Onega- about 9,700 square kilometers, with the greatest depth - 127 meters. "Onego-father" - this is how the people call this lake, it is famous clean water and many historical monuments located on its banks.

Taimyr Lake is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula and is the northernmost lake in the world. Most year, this lake is covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, the area of ​​​​this lake can change, and reach 4,560 square kilometers, and maximum depth- reach up to 26 meters. The flora of Taimyr is represented by arctic fish species.

This lake is located on Far East Russia and borders with China. The greatest depth of Lake Khanka is about 11 meters, and the area is 4,070 square kilometers. Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Vats - salt Lake located in Novosibirsk region. The area of ​​the lake, according to various sources, varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 7 meters. There have been legends about this lake for a long time, one of which says that a huge snake lives in it, devouring people and cattle. Of course, there is no scientific evidence and information for this, perhaps this is just a legend created to attract tourists.

This lake is in Vologda region. The area of ​​this lake can fluctuate, mainly due to low banks, and amount to about 1,284 square kilometers. Average depth White Lake- is about 5-7 meters, but due to underwater holes - it can reach up to 10-12 meters. This lake is home to about 29 species of fish, making it a "paradise" for fishermen.

Topozero - is located in the north of Karelia, in the Loukhsky district. The lake has a winding coastline, and its area is 986 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of up to 56 meters. Topozero is a favorite place for kayakers, and especially for fishermen.

This lake is located in the Novgorod region of Russia. The area of ​​Lake Ilmen is 982 square kilometers, but depending on the water level - may vary. Its maximum depth can reach up to 10 meters. Many legends are associated with the name of this lake, among which there is a myth about the Scythian princes Ruse and Slovene, who named this lake in honor of their sister, Ilmera.

This is not the whole list of lakes located on the vast territory of our Motherland.

We present you the most impressive Russian lakes in terms of size.

It remains to add that this is not the whole list of unique lakes in Russia. But, of course, these are the largest lakes in Russia.

White lake

There are about 29 species of fish in the reservoir, so the lake can be considered a real paradise for fishermen.

Lake Chany

Various legends have been circulating about Chany for a long time. According to one of them, a huge snake lives in the lake, which eats people and cattle. However, this is not confirmed by any scientific data. It is likely that the legend was specially invented to attract tourists.

Ubsu-Nur

Since 2003 the lake has been integral part object world heritage UNESCO of the Ubsunur basin.

Chudsko-Pskovskoe Lake

Because of his geographical location the shores of the lake are partly considered a border zone and access to them is limited. In the coastal strip of Lake Pskov there is a wetland ornithological reserve "Pskov-Chudskaya lakeside lowland"

Lake Khanka

Lake Khanka is one of the largest lakes in Russia

Khank has a rather good location, so a lot of tourists come to the reservoir. They can simultaneously get acquainted with the customs and cultures of two countries at once. About 75 species of different fish live in the waters of the reservoir, and some of them are even listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Lake Taimyr

And due to fluctuations in the water level in the reservoir, its area can vary up to a maximum of 4.56 thousand square kilometers. The maximum depth of the lake is about 26 meters. It should be noted that the flora and fauna of the Taimyr Lake is filled with arctic species. A river called the Upper Taimyr flows through Taimyr, at the exit from the lake it continues with the Lower.

Lake Onega

The people of Lake Onega are called "Onego-father". It is famous for its clean water and numerous historical monuments that are located on the banks.

Ladoga lake

Exactly 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and besides this, the Neva River originates. There are 60 species of fish in the reservoir, more than half of which are caught on an industrial scale.

Lake Ladoga is the third largest lake in Russia

Lake Onega and Ladoga are very similar. Both are located in the North-West of Russia and both belong to the basin Baltic Sea and both have the same origin. There are quite a few rocky islands on the lakes, some of which are known for their historical, cultural and religious monuments. In particular, this is the Valaam archipelago, where for about a thousand years monastery. The island of Kizhi is also famous with its wooden churches and a bell tower.

Baikal

Exactly 336 rivers of various sizes flow into the lake, but only the Angara flows out of it. Her water resources used by a number of major hydroelectric power plants.

The largest lake in Russia - the Caspian Sea

Due to the imbalance between the amount of evaporation and water entering the Caspian, the area of ​​​​the lake may fluctuate. In the last century, it began to decline steadily. And about 30 years ago, the climate in the main supplier of water to the sea - the Volga basin - the flow exceeded the flow, so the coastal areas began to flood. By the way, natural gas and oil have been produced in the Caspian Sea since 1820, according to experts, the reserves reach up to 20 billion tons.

By the way, the salinity of almost the entire reservoir is three times less than the ocean, but in the north of the Caspian Sea, the water can be fresh.
Subscribe to our channel in Yandex.Zen

The rating "The largest lake in Russia" was compiled according to materials from Internet sources. It includes the 10 largest lakes in Russia, arranged in descending order of their area. Additionally, the maximum depth of these reservoirs is indicated.

The area of ​​the largest lakes in our country included in the list varies from thousands of square kilometers to several hundred thousand square kilometers.

1. THE CASPIAN SEA IS THE LARGEST LAKE IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD

Nominally the largest drainless lake in Russia, and throughout the world, is the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is called such because its bed is formed by the earth's crust of the oceanic type. The area of ​​this largest lake in our country is 371,000 square meters. km. The maximum depth of the Caspian Sea is 1025 m. The waters of the Caspian Sea are washed by 5 states at once: Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. The water in the Caspian Sea is salty.

Baikal is the largest lake in Russia, excluding the Caspian Sea. The area of ​​Lake Baikal is 31722 sq. km, and the maximum depth reaches 1642 m. Baikal is the deepest lake on our planet and the largest natural storage of fresh water. The lake is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia and has tectonic origin. Baikal and the territories adjacent to it are distinguished by a wide variety of flora and fauna. At the most fresh lake Russia flows into such rivers as the Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Snezhnaya, and only one river flows out of Baikal - the Angara.

3. LADOGA LAKE IS THE LARGEST FRESHWATER LAKE IN EUROPE

The third place in the Rating "The largest lake in Russia" is occupied by Lake Ladoga, located on the territory of the Leningrad Region and Karelia. The area of ​​Lake Ladoga is 17703 sq. km. It is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. The maximum depth is 225 m. The Neva River originates from Ladoga, and the Svir, Volkhov, Vuoksa, Syas and Naziya rivers flow into the lake.

LADOGA LAKE

Further on the list of the largest lakes in Russia is Lake Onega, which, after Lake Ladoga, is the second largest in Europe. Lake Onega is located near Ladoga in the northwest of the European part of our country. The area of ​​this lake is 9690 sq. km, and the maximum depth is 127 m. The cities of Petrozavodsk, Medvezhyegorsk and Kondopoga are located on the shores of Lake Onega. The main attraction of this large lake is the island of Kizhi, on the territory of which there are 89 monuments of wooden architecture.

ONEGA LAKE

From the European part of Russia we are transferred to Krasnoyarsk region, where the large lake Taimyr or Taimyr lake is located. Taimyr is the northernmost real lake in the world, most of the year it is covered with ice. On average, the lake is ice-free only 73 days a year. The area of ​​Taimyr is 4560 sq. km. The maximum depth is 26 m.

TAIMYR LAKE

In the Far East of Russia, there is another lake of the rating "The largest lake in Russia" - Khanka. Lake Khanka is located on the border of Russia and China. This lake is quite shallow - the prevailing depth is 1-3 m, and the maximum depth is only 10.6 m. The area of ​​Lake Khanka is 4070 square meters. km. More than two dozen rivers flow into the lake, and the Sungacha River, a tributary of the Ussuri, flows out. Settlements with the status of a city on the shores of Lake Khanka no.

7. ON THE ICE OF THIS LAKE THE ICE BATTLE OCCURRED

In the Pskov region, there is another participant in the rating - Lake Peipus-Pskov. This lake is known to any schoolchild, first of all, by the fact that in the battle on its ice in 1242, the Russian army, led by Alexander Nevsky, won a historic victory over the Teutonic knights. This battle entered the history books under the name Battle on the Ice. The area of ​​the lake is 3555 sq. km, the maximum depth is 15 m. The river Narva flows from Lake Peipsi-Pskov.

8.UBSU-NUR - LOCATED ON THE TERRITORY OF TUVA

Ubsu-Nur is a large lake located on the territory of Tuva. On the territory of Russia there is only a small part of the water area and the coast of the entire lake. Most of the Ubsu-Nur lake is located in neighboring Mongolia. Its area is 3350 sq. km, maximum depth - 20 m. The lake, located on the geoclimatic border between Siberia and Asia, is subject to a large temperature difference - from - 58 to + 47 ° C.

9. LAKE CHANY IS IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The penultimate place in the rating "The largest lake in Russia" is occupied by Lake Chany, which is located in the Novosibirsk region. Its area is 1990 sq. km, and the greatest depth is 7. This lake is salty. Chany is a system of stretches that communicate with each other through channels and shallow areas.

10. WHITE LAKE - PART OF THE SHEKSNA RESERVOIR

The last large lake on our list is located in the Vologda region - White Lake, which since 1964 has been part of the Sheksna reservoir. The area of ​​the lake is 1125 sq. km, and the maximum depth is 33 m.

Posted Mon, 15/08/2016 - 08:53 by Cap

Etymology

In the early Russian written monuments, the origin of the name is unknown. Probably the ancient, Dauphine origin of the name of the lake.

There are several versions of the origin of the name:
Academician A. M. Sjogren produces the name of the lake from Fin. ääni - sound, voice, hence - "sounding ("noisy") lake".
A. L. Pogodin deciphers this toponym from the Saami. agne - "sand" + jegge - "low plain".
Professor, Doctor of Philology I. I. Mullonen believes that the name of the lake could come from the Saami. äne and the Baltic-Finnish änine / äniz, which means "big, significant."

The main beach of Novgorod is located on the banks of the Volkhov, near the walls of the Kremlin. However, in hot weather, it is packed to capacity, and it would seem that relaxing on Ilmen is more pleasant than in the city. However, the lake shores are low, often swampy, overgrown with reeds and indented by channels, so there are few beaches in the usual sense on Ilmen. All places suitable for swimming can be recognized by the quality of summer cottages and country houses- real estate in the "resort" areas is expensive. Good sand beach is located near the Peryn Skete, a good one is near the villages of Ondvor and Ilmen, as well as near Sergovo. All of them are wild, i.e. disadvantaged. Their cleanliness depends only on the environmental awareness of vacationers, which still leaves much to be desired. On south coast lakes, 30 km from Staraya Russa, there is a popular place Korostyn with a pebble beach.

Another name is Ostashkovskoye, after the name of the city of Ostashkov standing on the lake shore.
The area of ​​the lake is 260 km², including about 38 km² are islands (there are more than 160 of them on Seliger). The largest is Khachin.
The area of ​​the entire basin is 2275 km².

Maximum depth: 55 m
Area: 300 ha
Altitude above sea level: 1790 m
Administrative region: Ust-Koksinsky
Tourist area: Katunskie squirrels

Its name comes from the Altai tribe of Teleuts, and in Altai it is called Altyn-Kol, which means "golden lake". According to an old legend, in ancient times there was a famine in Altai. One Altaian had a large gold ingot, but, having gone around the whole Altai, he could not buy anything with it. Frustrated and hungry, the "rich" poor man threw his ingot into the lake and himself perished in its waves. Since then, in the language of the Altaians, the lake has been called Altyn-Kol - "golden lake".

Translated from the Bashkir name of the lake means "Beaver Lake". Beavers used to live here, now you can't see them here anymore.

There is another version: but according to the legend, on the northern shore, on the red sandy mountain, from which stones fall into the lake, there used to be a khan's headquarters.

Over time, the area began to be called "Khan-tora", "Khan-torganer", the place where the khan lives, gradually began to be called Kandra.

Food is mixed, snow, underground and rain.

The water in the lake is slightly brackish with high salinity.

The vegetation is represented by reeds, cattails and common reeds.

Lake Asylykul was formed, as many researchers claim, on the site of a giant karst sinkhole, gradually filled with water due to precipitation and groundwater. This happened, according to scientists, a million years ago.

In strong windy weather, it resembles the sea: huge waves come ashore, creating truly the sound of the sea surf. The southern coast is a rather steep slope with a height difference of 210 to 370 meters. The eastern side of this slope is covered with mixed forest, the middle part - with young larch and pine plantations.

ORIGIN OF THE LAKE NAME

There are several options for translating the name of the lake - “bitter lake”, “sprawling lake”, “bright lake”.

The presence of the word "bitter" in one of the interpretations of the name is explained by the brackishness of the lake due to the high salinity of the water due to the lack of drainage of the lake. A kind of small sea in the center of Bashkiria.

first ice on Lake Galich


The water level in the lake is 100 m above sea level. Lake Galich is fed mainly by groundwater. Several rivers flow into it from the eastern side, the largest are Chelsma and Serednyaya, Veksa flows out.
The city of Galich is located on the southern shore of the lake.
The lake is rich in fish, but last years there is a tendency to shrink. Due to the shallow water, 70% of the area of ​​the reservoir is overgrown with thickets and silted, which can jeopardize the ecosystem of the lake.

SALT LAKE CRUSH

Razval is a small salt lake of artificial origin, located on the southern outskirts of the city of Sol-Iletsk Orenburg region. Razval Lake is the largest of the Iletsk lakes group: Tuzluchnoe, Teploe, Dunino, Novoe, Maloye and Bolshoi city lakes.
In the middle of the 18th century (1754), the industrial development of the Iletsk salt dome began in the Sol-Iletsk district of the Orenburg region. Mount Tuz-Tube towered at the place where the salt core came out onto the day surface. By the end of the 19th century, a hollow appeared on the site of the mountain up to 35 meters deep, 300 meters long, and 240 meters wide. In April 1906, as a result of the flooding of the basin by the flood waters of the Peschanka River, Lake Razval was formed with an area of ​​​​6.8 hectares with maximum depths of up to 22 meters.
The water in Lake Sol-Iletsk is a saturated saline solution containing more than 200 grams of salt per liter of water.
Lake Razval does not freeze even in the most very coldy, and from a depth of 2-3 meters to the bottom it has negative temperatures all year round. In terms of chemical composition and salt concentration, the water in Lake Sol-Iletsk is similar to the water in the Dead Sea. There are no living organisms in the lake, no vegetation. Household waste is not dumped into Razval, so the lake is ecologically clean.
Due to the high salinity, the water in the lake has a higher density than the human body, and therefore it is impossible to go to the bottom while swimming. Since 2002, the lake has been surrounded by a lattice-metal fence.
There are several restaurants, a beach disco. People come to the lake various countries, mainly Russia and Kazakhstan.

Lake Tuzluchnoye (mud)
It is the oldest of all the surviving lakes of the Sol-Iletsk salt dome.
The area of ​​the lake is 23,750 sq. m., depth 2.5 meters, the thickness of the mud layer up to 2 meters or more. The most active part of the mud is the colloidal complex.
It consists of iron sulfide, silicic acid, clay particles. Hormones and biogenic stimulants - substances constitute the most valuable part of the mud. Course treatment with mud promotes the resorption of scars, improves joint function, scarring of ulcers, relieves chronic pain syndromes, normalizes the function of the reproductive system, and treats the female genital area.

Lake Dunino (bromine, formed in 1896)
Formed in 1896. It is located 50 meters east of the lake "Razval"
The area of ​​the lake is 88.550 sq.m. , depth 13 meters. It contains more than 20 thousand cubic meters therapeutic mud and lots of bromine.
Bathing in this lake is recommended for people with increased irritability, nervous breakdowns, as well as for patients with initial manifestations of hypertension, with stomach ulcers, and skin diseases.
In the lake, crustaceans, salted brine shrimp, which give the lake a peculiar color, multiply in large numbers. One liter of water contains 165.5 grams of various salts.

It is located 40 km west of the city of Chita. (right tributary of the Selenga).
The water surface area is 58.5 km², the catchment area is 256 km², the volume of water is 0.610 km³.

Length - 10.9 km, maximum width - 6.8 km. Height above sea level - 965.1 m.
The water in the lake is fresh and flowing. Mineralization - 100-200 mg / dm³.
Lake Arakhley differs from other Ivano-Arakhley lakes in significant depths - the greatest depth is 19.5 m in the northeastern part of the reservoir.
In the central part, the depths reach more than 16 m. A rapid increase in depths can be traced in the northern part of the lake. In the southern part, the bottom is gently sloping with a gradual increase in depth towards the center of the lake.

Lake Arahley
In the coastal part, the bottom is sandy-pebbly, to a depth of 3-5 meters - sandy-silty. The rest of the bottom is covered with silt of organic origin.
Two small rivers flow into the lake - Domka and Gryaznukha (Shaborta).
In high-water years, the Kholoi stream flows out of the lake, flowing into Lake Shakshinskoye ().
On the shores of the lake are the villages of Arakhley, Preobrazhenka and various recreation centers.

(Beklemishevsky lakes, Chita lakes) - a system of lakes,.
It is located at an altitude of 945-965 meters above sea level in the basin between the Osinov and Yablonov ridges to the west of Chita.
It consists of 6 large lakes with a water surface of more than 10 km² (Arakhley, Shakshinskoye, Irgen, Ivan, Tasei, Bolshoi Undugun) and approximately 20 small reservoirs with an area of ​​less than 1 km².
Ivan and Tasei belong to the Lena basin, and Arakhley, Shakshinskoye, Bolshoi Undugun and Irgen belong to the Baikal basin.
The lakes are the center of the protected area of ​​the Ivano-Arakhleysky reserve.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Geography of the USSR.
http://gruzdoff.ru/
Wikipedia site.
http://ucrazy.ru/
http://geographyofrussia.com/
Waterfalls of Russia.

• 28157 views

The lakes of Russia are one of the national treasures of our Motherland. They can be large and small, freshwater and salty, deep and shallow. Let's figure out which are the largest lakes in Russia and why!

1. Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest lake, not only in Russia, but throughout the entire Earth. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of 5 countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan). The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 1025 meters. The waters of this lake are salty. According to one theory, the Caspian Sea got its name due to the ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

2. Baikal

This is the deepest (about 1640 meters) lake of our planet, located in eastern Siberia. The area of ​​Baikal is more than 31,700 square kilometers and it is the largest reservoir of fresh water (90% of Russia's fresh water reserves). It is also worth noting that the waters of this lake are unusually clean and transparent, and in ancient times they were considered healing.

3. Ladoga lake

Lake Ladoga lies on the territory of the Leningrad region and Karelia. Its area is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, and the greatest depth is 230 meters, it is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and the Neva originates. It is home to about 60 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.

4. Lake Onega

This lake is located on the territory of Karelia, Vologda and Leningrad regions. The area of ​​Lake Onega is about 9,700 square kilometers, with the greatest depth being 127 meters. "Onego-father" - this is how the people call this lake, famous for its clean water and many historical monuments located on its shores.

5. Lake Taimyr

Taimyr Lake is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula and is the northernmost lake in the world. Most of the year, this lake is covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, the area of ​​this lake can vary, and reach 4,560 square kilometers, and the maximum depth can reach 26 meters. The flora of Taimyr is represented by arctic fish species.

6. Lake Khanka

This lake is located in the Far East of Russia and borders on China. The greatest depth of Lake Khanka is about 11 meters, and the area is 4,070 square kilometers. Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of the two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

7. Lake Chany

Chany is a salt lake located in the Novosibirsk region. The area of ​​the lake, according to various sources, varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 7 meters. There have been legends about this lake for a long time, one of which says that a huge snake lives in it, devouring people and cattle. Of course, there is no scientific evidence and information for this, perhaps this is just a legend created to attract tourists.

8. White lake

This lake is located in the Vologda region. The area of ​​this lake can fluctuate, mainly due to low banks, and is about 1,284 square kilometers. The average depth of the White Lake is about 5-7 meters, but due to underwater pits it can reach up to 10-12 meters. This lake is home to about 29 species of fish, making it a "paradise" for fishermen.

9. topozero

Topozero is located in the north of Karelia, in the Loukhsky district. The lake has a winding coastline, and its area is 986 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of up to 56 meters. Topozero is a favorite place for kayakers, and especially for fishermen.

10. Lake Ilmen

This lake is located in the Novgorod region of Russia. The area of ​​Lake Ilmen is 982 square kilometers, but depending on the water level, it may vary. Its maximum depth can reach up to 10 meters. Many legends are associated with the name of this lake, among which there is a myth about the Scythian princes Rus and Slovene, who named this lake in honor of their sister, Ilmera.

This is not the whole list of lakes located on the vast territory of our Motherland.