List of ship positions. The captain is the last to leave the ship
When you become a sailor, you not only get used to special world, to a ship - steel, stuffed with machines, instruments, wires, to the ever-changing ocean, to bad weather, which can no longer be ignored for a minute, as those who can live on the shore can do. You get used to the environment of people, among which the place and duties of each are strictly defined by the job description. On the ship it is known exactly who is who - this is ship's crew.
CAPTAIN OF THE SHIP
Imagine a picture. If a part of the land were somehow to break away from the shore and begin to float in the ocean, it certainly became necessary on this part of the earth to have a person who could maintain order, uphold the law and at the same time manage this piece of land. Such a part of the state that is temporarily separated from the coast and walks in the waters of the oceans, and there is a ship or, and the captain becomes such a person. The word "captain" has been around for many centuries and is said to be derived from the word "head".
The word of the captain on a ship or vessel is law. All orders coming from the shore are transmitted only to the captain of the ship. It is not surprising that the law gives the captain the right to arrest, as well as to witness the birth or death of a person.
ship captain
You can talk endlessly about the duties of the captain. The captain of the ship must know and be able to do everything. If the ship finds people in the sea or another ship with which there was a disaster, the captain must provide assistance to people, and after the conclusion of the salvage contract, start rescuing the ship.
The captain of the ship must be an attentive and careful person. The list of his duties directly states that he must calculate the course of the vessel with special diligence in order to avoid mistakes. When approaching reefs, he should pay more attention to the color of the water (water is darker aground) and the presence of floating algae in it. When approaching the shore, these precautions should be doubled. Even the presence of an invitee on the ship does not relieve the captain of the ship of responsibility for the safety of the ship's movement.
In the event of a danger of collision with another ship, the captain must act clearly and unambiguously: he is obliged to personally inform the other ship of the name of his ship and the port of registry and receive the same data in response. Otherwise, when unavoidable, the captain can leave the ship only when all possible means for salvation. First, he takes measures to save the passengers, then he allows the crew to leave the ship and leaves the ship last, taking with him magazines (ship, machine), maps and the ship's cash desk.
In time of trouble, saving people, regardless of the passengers of his own ship or people from another ship that is sinking, the captain must take care that children, women, the elderly and the sick are placed in the first place.
And already a completely unpleasant duty: in the event of the death of a person on board, captain of the ship must witness the death and decide whether to deliver the body to the port or bury it at sea ...
And this is only a small part of the duties of the captain of the ship.
CAPTAIN'S ASSISTANTS
Assistants help the captain to command the ship. There are many of them, but the ship on which they are also rather big.
Major assistant- the first deputy captain, ready at any time to replace him at sea or in the parking lot. The order and discipline on the ship depends on it. The captain went ashore and all the rights and duties of the captain are transferred to the chief officer.
senior mate and helmsman
Chief mate in administrative order the entire crew of the vessel is subordinate, and his orders regarding the observance of the ship's order, discipline, organization of service and routine are binding on all members of the crew and persons on board. The chief mate is the head of the general ship service and supervises the deck crew and the life team, the work of the second, third, fourth and fifth mates.
The chief mate must be constantly available to replace the captain and take command of the ship. In the absence of the captain, he can independently re-moor and move the vessel in the port waters, calling, if necessary, a pilot and port officers.
The chief mate is responsible for:
1. Compile and correct the ship's schedule.
2. Organize and conduct training for the crew in damage control of the ship, use life-saving appliances and rescue of people, cargo and ship property, supervise the preparation of emergency teams.
3. Ensure the availability on board and proper storage of a minimum supply of food.
4. Monitor and keep records of the amount of water in ballast and drinking tanks, and its consumption.
5. Ensure the correct technical operation and proper maintenance of the ship's hull, decks and superstructures, ship premises and compartments, drinking tanks, collective protection rooms, medical care and provisional storerooms, dosimetric instruments, personal protective equipment and blackout, spars and rigging, cargo, anchor, mooring, towing devices, life-saving equipment of the ship; fire-fighting, rescue equipment, property and inventory, measuring, air and receiving pipes; air vents and welded ventilation ducts, clink doors and their drives (except for engine and boiler rooms), ladders, storm ladders and fender protection.
6. Together with the chief engineer, the chief mate is obliged to check the condition of the watertight compartments and closures of the vessel.
7. Plan and supervise shipboard operations, as well as monitor the quality of food preparation.
Before and during cargo operations, the chief mate must:
1. Ensure the preparation of cargo devices and premises for receiving cargo; check their readiness together with the second mate, chief mechanic, electrician and assistant captain for fire and technical department.
2. Personally supervise the loading (unloading) and securing of bulky and heavy cargo, placement and securing of deck cargo.
3. Personally supervise the preparation of the vessel for the carriage of dangerous goods and ensure compliance with the rules of maritime transportation.
Before embarking on a voyage, the chief mate must:
1. Ensure preparation of the vessel for the stowed position, take measures for the proper fastening of deck equipment and cargo.
2. Check the readiness of steering, anchor, mooring and boat devices, signal lights, means of light, sound and emergency signaling, on-board communications, engine telegraph and remote control of main engines; monitor the reliable closure of holds, hatches, necks, portholes, caps and other deck and side openings.
On a voyage, the chief mate must:
1. Control the proper fastening of deck equipment and cargoes; organize and monitor the water tightness of the hull, the tightness of the outer contour of the vessel; take measures to ensure them; supervise the preparation of the vessel for stormy navigation and for the fight against icing.
2. The chief mate shall keep watch from 04:00 to 08:00 and from 16:00 to 20:00. In difficult conditions, he carries out navigational watches at the direction of the captain.
also in ship's command staff includes: the second assistant, who is also called the cargo assistant. He is responsible for loading and unloading, loading of holds, their cleanliness and safety.
Third mate- navigator. On it are maps, magnetic compasses, a chronometer, a ship's clock and other instruments.
Fourth Assistant responsible for electrical navigational instruments - gyrocompass, log, echo sounder, etc.
Fifth Mate The captain ensures the fire safety of the vessel. He controls the state of fire safety of the vessel, and compliance with fire regulations by the crew; provides fire protection measures when performing repair work and work with open fire on the ship; does not allow the operation on board of equipment, technical means and materials, the condition of which creates a fire hazard; daily checks stationary and portable fire extinguishing equipment, smoke insulating devices for individual use, their readiness for action, serviceability of fire alarms and fire protection systems; monitors the condition of fire-fighting equipment and equipment, takes timely measures to repair and replenish it to the established standards.
Chief engineer
control room of the power plant of the container ship "Mathilde Maersk"
Chief engineer- Independent head of the machine team. It ensures the operation of the main and auxiliary engines, the main gearbox, shafting, desalination plants, general ship systems, auxiliary mechanisms, the mechanical and hydraulic parts of the drives, the means of preventing sea pollution, the mechanical part of the deck and fishing mechanisms, the steering and cargo devices, household mechanical equipment, the system air conditioning (without the refrigeration part), automation systems and devices, tiller compartment, mechanical workshops, fuel, oil, water, bilge water receiving and dispensing stations, fire extinguishing stations.
Second mechanic- his assistant and deputy. Ensures reliable operation, correct operation and maintenance of bilge system hardware. Controls the availability of stocks of fuel, lubricating oils, water, supplies for the needs of the service.
Third Mechanic Responsible on ships for the operation of auxiliary engines.
fourth mechanic responsible for deck machinery and ventilation system.
Senior electrician responsible for the operation of electrical mechanisms and the electrical network. The chief electrician is responsible for the sources of electricity: main and auxiliary generators on a ship with electric propulsion, generators with an autonomous drive and shaft generators on ships without electric propulsion, emergency power stations from the shore, a propulsion electrical installation, main and emergency switchboards, other switchgears; electrical equipment of posts and control panels, electrical (electronic) parts of automation systems and devices, including systems with remote control, all types of signaling and protection; current sewerage networks, demagnetizing devices, electric drives with ballasts and protective equipment for the mechanisms of the engine room, general ship and industrial purposes; electrical part of the steering system (including autopilot), machine telegraphs and axiometers, telephony, batteries with chargers and electrical measuring instruments of his department, lighting, household electrical equipment.
Senior electrician ensures the safe organization of work, reliable operation and maintenance in proper technical condition mechanisms, devices, systems, equipment, proper operation of electrical equipment and automation equipment; monitors the operation of electrical mechanisms.
Boatswain- Head of the deck crew. Being on the forecastle, he manages all the work during setting and shooting from anchor and mooring. During the launching of boats, chores, rigging, the orders of the boatswain are the law.
ship's doctor in charge of the infirmary, dispensary and everything that serves health ship's crew.
All of the above positions - from the senior assistant to the ship's doctor - are the command staff of the ship. But there is also a ship crew. I'll start with those who work under the boatswain on the upper deck.
Sub-skipper (skipper)- boatswain's assistants for the economic part.
Senior sailor performs carpentry work on the ship, receives fresh water, supervises mooring at the stern.
Senior helmsman stands on the steering wheel, including necessarily during complex maneuvering (entrance to the port, passing through bottlenecks).
Sailor 1st class must be able to stand on the helm, use signal flags and a semaphore, control a boat under sail. Performs all rigging and painting work.
Sailor 2nd class must be able to row a boat, knit marine knots, operate a winch and capstan, clean rooms, paint and upholster rust, use semaphore flags.
Sailor diver performs underwater work, and also works on the ship as a sailor.
In the engine room of the vessel near the boilers and motors, in the holds, they work: a senior boiler engineer, minders, a pump-action driver and electricians.
In the galley, in warehouses, in passenger cabins and corridors, there are jobs for the pantry, senior cook, galley attendant, barman, sailor and attendants.
cruise director
Zemsnaryadov, radio navigation technician and electric radio navigator.
counting all the maritime professions, it turns out that the ship is actually a floating city
The captain of the ship has a set of rights and obligations related to the management of the crew and the exercise of administrative powers. Proper control of the ship and its safe navigation are ensured by proper organization of the work of all services of the ship, maintenance of the ship and the equipment on board in good technical condition, staffing the ship with qualified specialists and making the right navigational decisions by the captain.
When preparing for navigation, the captain is obliged to check the presence on the ship of the necessary corrected navigational charts and manuals for the voyage, work out with the navigational staff the conditions of navigation along the route of the ship, and also set the exact time for the ship to be ready for departure. During the voyage, the captain is obliged to exercise control over the timely and high-quality determination of the location of the vessel by the watch officers. The appointment and change of the ship's course is the right of the captain only. He has the right to give orders to deviate from the previously appointed route whenever this is caused by the circumstances of navigation or the need to provide assistance to ships and people in distress.
In case of force majeure, when there is a danger to the ship, people and cargo, the officer in charge of the watch may change the course appointed by the captain, but he must immediately notify the captain of this.
The master is obliged to immediately report all accidents and accidents, as well as accidents on the ship, in accordance with the established procedure to the shipowner and take all measures in his power to ensure the safety of people, ship and cargo. Until the end of the voyage, the captain is obliged to ensure the safety and inviolability nautical charts with a gasket applied to them and other navigational documents, which reflect the maneuvering of the vessel. In the event of an accident with a ship, such documents should be kept until it is investigated. In accordance with Art. 66 KTM Russian Federation, if the ship is threatened with imminent death, the captain of the ship allows the crew members to leave the ship after taking all measures to save the passengers on board. The captain of the ship is the last to leave the ship after taking measures depending on him to save the ship's log, engine log and radio log, charts this flight, tapes of navigational devices, documents and valuables.
The captain has a number of rights and obligations related to the commercial operation of the ship. In exercising his rights and fulfilling his obligations, the captain must organize the commercial work on the ship in such a way that the operation of the ship is not only profitable, but also brings significant profit. He is obliged to ensure the preparation of all premises of the vessel in which the cargo is transported for its safe transportation, to check the correctness of its placement. Before accepting the cargo, the captain reviews the preliminary cargo plan and approves it if the proposed loading option ensures the safety of navigation and the safety of the cargo. In accordance with Art. 30 of the Charter of Service on Vessels of the Fishing Fleet of the Russian Federation, the captain has the right to refuse to accept certain cargoes on board if their loading or transportation is contrary to the rules for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea, other existing rules or threatens the safety of the ship, people, cargo.
Exercising his rights and obligations in terms of administrative powers, the captain issues orders on the ship, approves job descriptions and ship timetables, which are the basis for the organization of service on ships, as they determine the duties of all crew members, as well as persons temporarily staying on the ship as passengers. The ships must have the following ship's schedules: regular, on ship's alarms, on orders, on mooring operations, on the routine of the crew, its accommodation and rules of conduct on the ship.
By virtue of the Charter on the Discipline of Maritime Transport Workers, as well as the Charter on the Discipline of Fishing Fleet Workers (charters on discipline are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation), the captain has the right to apply incentives and impose disciplinary sanctions on crew members: reprimand, reprimand, severe reprimand and write-off from the ship with by simultaneously sending a submission to the shipowner about the imposed penalty - and expressing his opinion on the further use of this employee. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 67 KTM of the Russian Federation, the captain has the right, if necessary, to remove any member of the ship's crew from the performance of their duties. In such a case, the rules set out in Art. 58 of the Code "Repatriation of crew members". These rules oblige the shipowner to ensure, at his own expense, the delivery of a crew member decommissioned from the vessel to the port provided for in the employment agreement (contract) or collective agreement, and in the absence of such instructions in the agreements - to the port of his employment, with maintenance until arrival at the destination . However, paragraph 5 of Art. 58 provides that if the reasons that caused the repatriation of a ship's crew member arose through his fault in the performance of his official duties, then the shipowner has the right to reimbursement of repatriation costs in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The captain of the ship has the appropriate rights and obligations in the exercise of the functions inherent in the state bodies. In particular, he has the right to detain and isolate, before arriving at the domestic port, a person (including a passenger) whose actions do not contain signs of a criminally punishable act, but threaten the safety of the ship or the people and property on it (paragraph 3 of article 67 of the MCC of the Russian Federation ). A different situation arises when a criminally punishable act has been committed on a ship at sea. In this case, the captain has the right and is obliged to conduct an inquiry in the manner prescribed by law; detain and isolate a person suspected of committing a crime before arriving at the first domestic port to transfer him with the materials of the inquiry to the relevant authorities. In this situation, the captain acts as an inquiry body and is obliged, on the basis of Article 69 of the Russian Federation Code of Commissariat of Labor, to be guided by the criminal procedural legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the Instruction on conducting an inquiry on ships at sea, approved by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation.
According to Art. 70 KTM of the Russian Federation, the captain of the ship is endowed with the rights and obligations of a notary, namely: the captain has the right to certify the will, make an entry in the ship's log about each case of the birth of a child on the ship and about each case of death on the ship. The certification of wills is made by the captain in accordance with the Instructions on the procedure for certification of wills by captains of ships sailing under State flag Russian Federation. In the event of death on board, the captain is obliged to draw up an act with the participation of two witnesses and a ship's medical officer (doctor or paramedic), if any.
"In the event of death, illness, or any other reason that prevents the captain from performing his official duties, the duties of the captain of the ship, until the order of the shipowner is received, are assigned to the senior assistant to the captain of the ship," - defined by Art. 73 KTM of the Russian Federation. Article 32 of the Charter of Service on the Vessels of the Fishing Fleet of the Russian Federation interprets the situation when the captain is unable to perform his official functions much broader, namely: "In the event of illness (death) of the captain, sudden mental disorder or other condition that threatens the safety of the vessel on it, the command of the vessel is taken (temporarily) by the senior assistant captain, with an immediate report on this to the shipowner, the flagship of the group (the head of the fishery), and in a foreign port - to the consul. An appropriate entry is made in the ship's log. "
The captain of the ship bears all types of responsibility: disciplinary, administrative, material and criminal.
Disciplinary responsibility. On the captain who violated the service (labor) discipline, i.e. who has not performed or improperly performed, through his own fault, the duties assigned to him, a disciplinary sanction may be imposed, provided for by the charters on discipline. A disciplinary sanction may not be imposed later than one month from the day the misconduct was discovered, and if the misconduct was committed during the voyage, then from the moment the ship returned to the domestic port. In all cases, a disciplinary sanction may not be imposed later than six months (for shipmasters long-distance navigation- one year) from the day the offense was committed.
Administrative responsibility. If the disciplinary measures are deemed insufficient, then administrative penalties are applied, which include a fine and deprivation of a maritime certificate for a period of one to three years. The captain may be held administratively liable for violation of the rules of the customs regime, safety rules for navigation, labor protection, sanitary rules and rules for the protection of the marine environment, or water resources if such actions are not criminally punishable. A fine is imposed on the captain by the competent authorities (services) in accordance with the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation. An administrative fine may not be imposed later than one month from the day the offense was committed.
Material liability. In accordance with the current regulations, the captain, through whose fault the damage was caused to the shipowner, is liable in the amount of the actual damage, but not more than one third of his monthly salary. However, in cases where the damage is caused by the actions of the captain, containing signs of criminal acts, the captain bears full financial responsibility (by court decision).
Criminal liability. In cases prescribed by law, the captain may be held criminally liable, in particular in the following cases:
failure to provide assistance to people perishing at sea or on another waterway, if this assistance could be provided by the captain without serious danger to his vessel, its crew and passengers;
violations of navigation rules that caused serious consequences (death of the vessel, people or destruction of berthing communications);
maritime damage telegraph cable or pipeline:
pollution of the marine environment by substances harmful to human health or living resources of the sea;
violation of labor rules, expressed in the action or inaction of the captain, resulting in the death of people;
abuse of power or official position, which entailed large negative consequences.
The captain can be held criminally liable only by a court verdict.
The relationship of the captain with the authorities of a foreign state. While the ship is in the territorial sea, inland waters and ports of foreign states, the captain must strictly observe the laws, rules and customs of the coastal state. The master can obtain the necessary information about the legislation of the host state of the ship from the national consul (consul of the ship's flag state), and in his absence - from the shipowner's agent. This is especially important when a ship calls at an unfamiliar port, and even more so at a previously unvisited port of the state whose flag the ship is flying.
According to the Consular Charter of the Russian Federation, the master may apply for assistance and necessary assistance to the consul of the port, which is included in the consular district of the state of his accreditation. If necessary, the consul is an intermediary in the communications of the captain with port and other local authorities. He assists the captain in the search for missing or deserted crew members, as well as in a situation where it is necessary to leave a seriously ill crew member for treatment in the state of residence of the consul, and ensures his delivery to his homeland.
During the stay of the ship in the waters of a foreign state, the crew members and passengers of the ship are subject, by virtue of the sovereignty of the coastal state, to its penal laws. In this regard, the competent authorities of the coastal state may conduct a search, arrest persons who have committed a crime. However, any actions on board the ship must be carried out with the knowledge and presence of the captain and consular (diplomatic) representatives of the state whose flag the ship flies. Modern international practice follows the path of limiting the jurisdiction of a coastal state in relation to crimes committed on board a foreign ship, unless the consequences of the crime affect the security of this state or the interests of its citizens. Upon receipt from the consul of information about the non-use by the coastal state in certain cases of its jurisdiction by virtue of agreements, the captain has the right to decide on the implementation of the functions of the body of inquiry.
However, in exercising these functions, the captain must comply with certain conditions. So, if it is necessary to perform certain urgent actions outside the vessel (for example, to interview the victim in a hospital), the captain is obliged to obtain permission for such actions from the competent authorities of the coastal state. Their permission is also required for the production of surveys of citizens of this state and other actions with their participation, even if for some reason they are on board the ship. This rule does not apply to cases of attaching statements and handwritten explanations to the materials of the inquiry. foreign citizens, as well as various documents related to the inquiry. The captain must conduct an inquiry in the legal field of the host state of the ship, taking into account existing international agreements.
If the captain detains a person suspected of committing a crime, local authorities in any case have the right to check the lawfulness of such detention. The right to verify the legality of the detention made by the captain is retained by the local authorities, even if such detention took place before the vessel entered a foreign port. At the same time, in some countries, the validity of the detention of a suspect is checked on the basis of the legislation of the flag state of the vessel (for example, in the UK, the Netherlands), in others - on the basis of the legislation of the host state of the vessel (for example, in Norway, Denmark).
Ship captains should keep in mind that in cases where documents and acts are drawn up with the participation of foreign authorities or come from authorities and citizens, they must be legalized by the consul of the district in which such documents are issued. Consular legalization consists in establishing and attesting the authenticity of signatures on these documents and acts and their compliance with the laws of the host state of the vessel and the consul. Without legalization, such documents are considered invalid and have no legal value.
Details Updated: 12/22/2018 19:23 Published: 05/08/2017 18:39
The captain of the ship makes the final decision on all issues, whether it is the choice of course, unscheduled repairs, an emergency situation on board. He directs the actions of the team, solves problems with the purchase of food, loadinggoods, agree on the time of arrival at the ports,ensures timely refueling of the shipfuel, etc. The captain understands everything fromfrom the device of the ship and its technical equipmentand ending with the legal subtleties of registration documents.
Profession features:
You should always be prepared for the unexpected. Anything can happen in sailing - a strong storm, a collision with drifting icebergs, holes, and the cargo must be delivered on time, safe and sound. Most The captain has to spend time on the voyage. Captains river vessels in Ukraine, work is seasonal - only in summer, in winter - vacation.
Place of work:
Companies engaged in fishing, passenger and cargo transportation.
Personal qualities:
First of all, the captain is a leader who knows how to manage people. He is able to find an approach to each member of the crew, remaining friendly and, at the same time, demanding. This job is for those who love the sea, are not afraid of difficulties, and have good health. On passenger ship the captain is the face of the ship, and among his mandatory qualities are a presentable appearance, the ability to interest the interlocutor, good manners. It is still an exclusively male profession (Professions for men). Girls for the relevant specialties in educational establishments don't take (
Chapter IV. The crew of the ship. Vessel captain
§ 1. The crew of the ship
Article 52
1. The ship's crew includes the captain of the ship, other officers of the ship and the ship's crew.
2. In addition to the captain of the ship, the command staff of the ship includes assistants to the captain of the ship, mechanics, electromechanics, radio specialists and doctors. The federal executive authority in the field of transport, the federal executive authority in the field of fisheries and other federal executive authorities may also include other specialists in the command staff of the vessel.
3. The ship's crew consists of persons who are not related to the ship's command staff.
4. The crew of a recreational craft may consist of one person who is the skipper of a recreational craft.
Article 53
1. Every ship must have on board a crew whose members are suitably qualified and sufficient in number to:
1) ensuring the safety of navigation of the ship, protection of the marine environment;
2) fulfillment of the requirements for observing working hours on board the vessel;
3) prevention of overloading of ship's crew members with work.
2. The certificate of the minimum composition of the crew of the ship, ensuring safety, is issued by the master seaport in accordance with the regulation approved by the federal executive body in the field of transport in agreement with the relevant all-Russian trade unions.
When exercising control in seaports, the compliance of the composition of the ship's crew with the data contained in the certificate of the minimum composition of the ship's crew ensuring safety is a confirmation that the ship is manned by a crew ensuring the safety of the ship's navigation.
Article 54
1. Persons who have diplomas and qualification certificates established by the regulation on certification of ship crew members, approved by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, are allowed to occupy the positions of members of the ship's crew.
2. Diplomas and qualification certificates to ship crew members are issued by sea port captains if the ship crew members meet the requirements for the length of service on the ship, age, health status, professional training established by the regulation specified in paragraph 1 of this article, and based on the results of knowledge testing by qualification commissions . The list of seaports in which diplomas and qualification certificates are issued to ship crew members is established by the federal executive authority in the field of transport.
3. Diplomas of captains of ships, diplomas of officers of the ships specified in the first paragraph of paragraph 1 of this article, diplomas and qualification certificates of crew members of ships used for fishing are considered valid if there are confirmations of seaport captains certifying the issuance of such diplomas and qualification certificates in in accordance with established requirements.
4. Diplomas and qualification certificates may be withdrawn or annulled or their validity may be suspended by the seaport master who issued the diploma or qualification certificate in cases of direct threat to human life, safety of property at sea or damage to the marine environment due to incompetence, actions or inaction of members crews of ships in the performance of their duties in accordance with their diplomas and qualification certificates, as well as in order to prevent fraud.
5. The confirmations provided for in paragraph 3 of this article shall become invalid upon the expiration of the validity of the confirmed diploma, qualification certificate, their withdrawal or cancellation or suspension of their validity in accordance with paragraph 4 of this article.
Information about changes:
Article 54 was supplemented by paragraph 6 from December 31, 2017 - Federal Law of December 20, 2017 N 400-FZ
6. The procedure for issuing diplomas and qualification certificates for ship crew members, confirmations provided for in paragraph 3 of this article, in the form electronic documents, as well as the procedure for their centralized accounting in electronic form, informing interested parties at their request about the status of diplomas, qualification certificates and confirmations is approved by the federal executive body in the field of transport.
Article 55
1. Persons applying for admission to work on board a ship are required to undergo a preliminary medical examination, which includes chemical and toxicological studies of the presence of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their metabolites in the human body. Persons admitted to work on a ship are required to undergo such a medical examination annually.
2. The list of diseases preventing work on board a ship is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. The procedure for conducting a medical examination and the form of a medical report on the absence of medical contraindications for work on board a ship shall be established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of public policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare, in agreement with the federal executive authority in the field of transport.
Article 55.1. Seafarer's identity card
1. Registration, issuance and use of a sailor's identity card are carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the requirements provided for by this article.
2. A seafarer's identity card shall not be issued or issued to a person included in the list of organizations and individuals in respect of which there is information about their involvement in extremist activities or terrorism.
When a person who has previously been issued a seafarer's identity card is included in the list of organizations and individuals in respect of which there is information about their involvement in extremist activities or terrorism, the seafarer's identity card belonging to the said person shall not be applied and subject to withdrawal.
Article 56
1. The crew of a ship flying the State Flag of the Russian Federation, in addition to citizens of the Russian Federation, may include foreign citizens and stateless persons who cannot hold the positions of ship captain, chief mate, chief engineer and radio specialist.
2. The conditions under which foreign citizens and stateless persons may be part of the crew of a vessel, with the exception of a vessel of the fishing fleet, are determined by the federal executive authority in the field of transport, in the composition of the crew of a vessel of the fishing fleet - by the federal executive authority in the field of fisheries in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the recruitment and use of the labor of foreign citizens and stateless persons in the Russian Federation.
Article 57 Labor Relations on board
1. Labor relations of ship crew members are governed by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws adopted in accordance with it and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, including this Code and charters for service on ships, local regulations containing labor law norms, as well as agreements , collective agreements and employment contracts.
2. None of the members of the ship's crew may be employed on the ship without the consent of the captain of the ship.
3. The charter of service on ships, with the exception of ships of the fishing fleet, is approved by the federal executive body in the field of transport, the charter of service on ships of the fishing fleet - by the federal executive body in the field of fisheries.
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 230-FZ of July 13, 2015 supplemented Article 57 of this Code with Item 4
4. Persons who have not passed a medical examination, as well as persons subjected to administrative punishment for the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription or new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances, are not allowed to work on board until the expiration of the period during which the person is considered subjected to administrative punishment.
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 230-FZ of July 13, 2015 supplemented Article 57 of this Code with Item 5
5. Along with the grounds for termination of an employment contract at the initiative of the employer, established by labor legislation, an employment contract with a person admitted to work on a ship may be terminated during the period when the person is considered punished for committing an administrative offense related to the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription or new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances, as well as if the specified person has not passed a medical examination in accordance with the established procedure.
Article 58. Repatriation of crew members
1. Members of the ship's crew shall have the right to repatriation in the event of:
1) expiration outside the Russian Federation of the term of an employment contract concluded for a specific period or for a specific flight;
2) termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the shipowner or a member of the ship's crew after the expiration of the period specified in the notification made in accordance with the employment contract;
3) shipwrecks;
4) diseases or injuries requiring treatment outside the ship;
5) the inability of the shipowner to fulfill his obligations in relation to the members of the ship's crew, provided for by law or other legal acts of the Russian Federation or labor contracts, due to bankruptcy, sale of the ship or change in the state of registration of the ship;
6) sending the ship without the consent of the ship's crew members to the zone of military operations or the zone of epidemiological danger;
7) the expiration of the maximum period of work of a ship's crew member on board the ship, determined by the collective agreement.
2. Repatriation, at the request of a member of the ship's crew, is carried out to the state in which he lives, to the port in which he was hired on the ship or which is indicated in the collective agreement, or to any other point specified when hiring a member of the ship's crew.
3. The shipowner is obliged to organize proper and prompt repatriation. Repatriation is carried out by air transport.
4. The costs of repatriation shall be borne by the shipowner.
Repatriation costs include:
1) fee for:
travel of a ship's crew member to the place of repatriation specified in paragraph 2 of this article;
meals and accommodation for a ship's crew member from the moment the crew member leaves the ship until the moment when the ship's crew member arrives at the place of repatriation;
treatment of a member of the ship's crew, if necessary, until the member of the ship's crew, for health reasons, is fit to move to the place of repatriation;
transportation of 30 kilograms of baggage of a crew member to the place of repatriation;
2) wages and benefits from the moment when a crew member leaves the ship and until the moment when a ship crew member arrives at the place of repatriation, if this is provided for by the collective agreement.
5. In the event that the reasons that caused the repatriation of a ship's crew member arose through the fault of a ship's crew member in the performance of his labor duties, the shipowner has the right to reimbursement of repatriation expenses in accordance with the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 59. Property of a crew member
In the event of the loss of property of a ship's crew member or damage to such property as a result of an accident with the ship, the shipowner is obliged to compensate the damage caused to the ship's crew member. Damage caused to the property of a crew member who is guilty of an accident with a ship is not subject to compensation.
Article 60. Obligations of the shipowner
1. The shipowner is obliged to provide the members of the ship's crew with:
safe working conditions;
protecting their health;
availability of life-saving equipment;
an uninterrupted supply of food and water;
availability of adequate facilities (cabins, canteens, sanitary facilities, medical stations and recreation facilities);
cultural and community service.
2. The shipowner is obliged to insure:
wages and other amounts due to members of the ship's crew, including repatriation costs;
life and health of the ship's crew members in the performance of their duties.
§ 2. Master of the ship
Article 61
The captain of the vessel is entrusted with the management of the vessel, including navigation, taking measures to ensure the safety of navigation of the vessel, protect the marine environment, maintain order on the vessel, prevent harm to the vessel, people and cargo on board.
Article 62 Duty to render assistance to any person in distress at sea
1. The captain of the ship is obliged, if he can do this without serious danger to his ship and the people on it, to provide assistance to any person in distress at sea.
2. For violation of the obligation specified in paragraph 1 of this article, the captain of the vessel shall bear criminal liability in accordance with the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 63. Obligation to provide assistance after a collision of ships
1. The captain of each of the colliding ships is obliged after their collision, if he can do it without serious danger to his passengers, members of the ship's crew and his own ship, to render assistance to the other ship, its passengers and members of its crew.
2. Masters of ships are obliged, if possible, to communicate to each other the names of their ships, their ports of registration, as well as the ports of departure and destination.
3. The shipowner shall not be liable for the violation by the captain of the ship of the obligations specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article.
Article 64
If a person on board a ship needs urgent medical care that cannot be provided while the ship is at sea, the captain of the ship is obliged to call at the nearest port or take measures to deliver such a person to the nearest port with notification of this shipowner; when a ship enters a foreign port or delivers such a person to a foreign port, also notifying the consular institution of the Russian Federation.
Article 65
In case of hostilities in the area of location of the port of departure or port of destination of the ship or in the area through which the ship must pass, as well as in other cases of military danger, the captain of the ship is obliged to take all measures to prevent the destruction, damage and capture of the ship, people on it, documents, as well as cargo and other property.
Article 66. Abandonment of a ship by its crew
If, in the opinion of the captain of the ship, the ship is threatened with imminent death, the captain of the ship allows the crew members to leave the ship after taking all measures to save the passengers on board. The captain of the ship is the last to leave the ship after taking measures depending on him to save the ship's log, engine log and radio log, charts of this voyage, navigational tapes, documents and valuables.
Article 67. Maintenance of order on board
1. Orders of the captain of the ship within the limits of his authority shall be subject to execution by all persons on the ship.
2. The ship's captain, in agreement with the shipowner, has the right to apply incentives to the ship's crew members and impose disciplinary sanctions on the ship's crew members, remove any ship's crew member from the performance of their duties in cases and in the manner provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation.
3. The captain of the ship has the right to isolate a person whose actions do not contain signs of a crime provided for by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, but pose a threat to the safety of the ship or the people and property on it.
Article 68
Article 69.1. Actions of the captain of the ship in relation to persons who have committed crimes against the safety of maritime navigation
The ship's captain may transfer to the competent authorities of a foreign state, if it is provided for by an international treaty of the Russian Federation, a person in respect of whom the ship's captain has reasonable grounds to believe that he has committed a crime directed against the safety of maritime navigation, with the exception of a citizen of the Russian Federation, and also constantly stateless person living in the Russian Federation. In this case, the captain of the ship, if possible, before the ship enters the territorial sea of a foreign state, is obliged to send, if it is practicable, to its competent authorities a notification of his intention to transfer such a person to them and the reasons for his transfer, as well as provide the indicated authorities with the available evidence.
Article 70
1. The captain of the ship has the right to certify the will of a person who is on board the ship during the voyage. A will certified by the captain of the vessel is equivalent to a notarized one.
2. The captain of the ship is obliged to make an entry in the ship's logbook about each case of the birth of a child on the ship and about each case of death on the ship.
3. The captain of the ship is obliged to notify one of the close relatives of the deceased or the spouse of the deceased about his death and take measures to preserve and send the body of the deceased to his homeland. In the absence of such an opportunity, the captain of the ship is obliged to bury the body of the deceased or cremate him and send the urn with the ashes to his homeland.
In an exceptional case, if the ship has to stay on the high seas for a long time and the body of the deceased cannot be preserved, the captain of the ship has the right to transfer the body of the deceased to the sea in accordance with maritime customs with the drawing up of an appropriate act.
4. The master of the ship shall ensure the compilation of an inventory and the safety of the property of the deceased on the ship until the transfer of such property in accordance with the inventory to the captain of the first port of the Russian Federation, into which the ship will call.
Article 71
The captain of the ship, by virtue of his official position, is recognized as a representative of the shipowner and cargo owner in respect of transactions necessary in connection with the needs of the ship, cargo or navigation, as well as claims relating to the property entrusted to the captain of the ship, if there are no other representatives of the shipowner or cargo owner in place.
Article 72
1. If during the voyage there is an urgent need for money for the continuation of the voyage, in particular for the repair of the ship or the maintenance of the ship’s crew members, the captain of the ship has the right, if there is no opportunity or time to receive the shipowner’s order, to sell a part of the property entrusted to the captain of the ship, which is not necessary to continue sailing.
The captain of the ship is obliged to choose the method of acquiring funds for the continuation of the voyage, which is the least unprofitable for the shipowner and cargo owner.
2. The shipowner shall reimburse the cost of the sold cargo to its owner, except in cases where the losses caused by the sale of the cargo fall under the signs of general average or the sale of the cargo was carried out only in the interests of the cargo.
Article 73
In the event of death, illness, or any other reason that prevents the captain of the ship from performing his official duties, the duties of the captain of the ship, until the order of the shipowner is received, are assigned to the chief assistant to the captain of the ship.
This article is devoted to some marine words and expressions that are widely used, but often incorrectly and incorrectly sound from the lips of the layman. This "sin" and the sailors themselves. The correct interpretation can be searched in marine dictionaries, and finally on the Internet. As it turns out, the answers to the questions that arise in these sources are not always complete and exhaustive, or even completely absent. Let us turn to the speakers of the maritime language - to those who consciously and carefully treat the preservation of maritime traditions.
A few words about the origin of Russian marine terminology. In the preface to the "Complete Marine Encyclopedia" N. S. Andryushchenko edition of 2006, candidate of philological sciences E. P. Shibinskaya writes:
“... In the era of the great geographical discoveries the main source of replenishment of marine and commercial vocabulary for all European languages was Italian. In the very Italian special vocabulary was created on the basis of the Genoese and Venetian dialects. Italian sailors in everyday communication borrowed terms from the Greeks and Arabs, who retained the Phoenician and Egyptian terms ... For a very short time, no more than a hundred years, the borrowing language was Spanish.
In the Petrine era in Russia, the first source language of marine terms was Italian for a short time, then it became mainly Dutch. Borrowings from the English language also began under Peter I, and by the beginning of the 20th century. it became the leading source language and intermediary in the formation of new maritime terms. In addition, with the help of formants of Germanic origin (such as -man, -lin, -falsh, -tov) they began to form new Russian words ... "
Here is the first widespread misconception that Italians- mediocre sailors who do not have long-standing maritime roots and traditions.
To the base or to the base. In almost all publications in the press, even the naval one, and reports about the fleet, something like “... after the successful completion of the combat mission, the ship returned to base” often sounds. So which is correct "to the base" or "to the base"? It depends on what base we are talking about. If we are talking about a coastal base (supply point, storage place), then it would be correct to say: “a batch of beef has arrived at the coastal base.” It should be noted that ships almost never arrive at the barbaza, this is the lot of vehicles. But if the point of basing ships is meant, then they only say this: “the ship requested permission to go to the base” or “the ship arrived (should) go to the base.”
Rynda or bell? A significant part of the maritime brotherhood sincerely believes that the rynda is a ship's (ship's) bell. Moreover, the ship's bell Everyday life almost everyone is already called nothing more than a rynda. In fact, "rynda" is a signal that is given at noon by a bell on ships of the Navy of the 1st and 2nd ranks. As for the ship's (ship's) bell, in all current guiding documents, including international ones (COLREGs), it is called nothing more than a bell. When giving orders on a ship (vessel), the term "bell" is also used. There is one item (not a signal) that contains the word "rynda" in its name. This is a short braided end, for which the tongue of the ship's bell is set in motion - "ryndybulin". But still, if someone wants to show off their knowledge of maritime affairs, it is worth using the expression “ship (ship) bell”.
Avral - a command or a signal? Another common, especially on auxiliary ships of the Navy. The misconception concerns the concept of "hands-on". As you know, all-hands work is a ship's work performed by the entire crew or most of it. On the ships and vessels of the Navy, a bell signal (No. 6) is provided, which is called “Collection” (“Avral”), but the “Avral” command is not provided for by any governing documents. Therefore, after the characteristic emergency calls, the commands are heard: “Big collection”, “ personnel line up for a divorce to work”, “Stand in places, remove the anchor (mooring lines)”, but the word “Avral” should not sound on the ship’s broadcast. As they say, the ear cuts.
The captain of the ship and the captain of the ship. What is the correct way to call an official heading the crew of a sea or air ship (vessel) a commander or a captain? In the general case, the commander is a soldier who commands a warship, and the captain is the head and sole head of the ship's crew. The expressions "captain of the ship" and "commander of the ship" are not used: these are alogisms.
There are, however, exceptions. It is well known that in civil aviation the commander of the ship supervises the crew and controls the aircraft. Fishermen in Murmansk stubbornly call their captains commanders, and at the same time no one calls fishing vessels ships. Agree, it would be foolish to argue with them. Until recently, Navy auxiliary vessels with civilian crews were led by military commanders. The position was called that - “commander of a hydrographic vessel”, for example.
It is not necessary to strictly judge those who are no-no, and even call the commander of the ship a captain (but still not a captain of a ship). After all, sailors often call their commanders exactly that - “cap” (behind the eyes, of course). This somewhat slang expression even entered the marine dictionaries. The influence of the West, as some believe, has nothing to do with it.
English at sea. It's no secret that the Navy doesn't pay enough attention to the English language. But in vain, it is always easier and more reliable to agree on a divergence with an oncoming vessel than to secretly carry out calculations known to you alone. Besides, no matter how much it bothers someone, English language on the sea is international language communication. And here it must be borne in mind that the generally accepted maritime jargon is somewhat different from ordinary English.
Here are some features. On VHF, they are presented not as they usually do when calling in Russian “I am such and such (I am ...)”, but “this is such and such calls ( This is … calling)". If “I didn’t understand” they still say it like “Not understood”, then “Understood” at sea more often sounds like “ Roger". "Right" and "left" at sea are not "right" and "left", but " star board" And " port". Naval phrasebooks do not fully take into account the peculiarities of maritime English jargon. It should be borne in mind that on a Greek or French vessel with which a VHF connection is established, the same "English" as you are, and they may simply not understand ornate English expressions. Once upon a time there was an article on this topic on the pages of foreign military review.
Walk or swim. Knowledgeable people Sailors walk and ships float. You can also hear the opposite. So how is it right? The answer to this question is not as simple as it seems at first glance.
Much depends on the context. Both ships and sailors go away into the sea, not float away. ship on the sea goes and not float. And we can say that both the ship and the sailor sailed. New navigation signs and alignments swim, and, of course, do not bypass. There are fixed expressions in which sailors swim. For example, " swam - we know". Another expression " floating admiral"indicates that not all admirals walk in the sea. You can say "according to this map we are already swam", but always say "next let's go(but we don’t sail) on the map number ... ”As you can see, it’s all about the nuances.
Far from immediately, a sailor, having stepped on the deck of a ship, begins to understand these subtleties, to speak correctly and understandably for the rest of the sailors. Currently, for the rank and file of military and civilian sailors, there are numerous "machine gun courses", after which young sailors, in theory, should understand the commands given to them. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. But even for a banal mooring, people on deck should know what fire, bollard, clewse, bale plank, duck, spire, windlass. And if the case takes a more serious turn, then open lac-ports, go abgaldyri and so on. And if some items on the ship have their counterpart in land life, then there are those that are only on the ship, and no one knows how to call them differently.
What does it have to do with " gadget"? This word, especially with the advent of mobile phones, tablets and other gadgets in our lives, as we now say, has firmly entered our everyday life. But it's old English nautical word. The missing ordinary members of the team in those distant times were recruited anywhere, as a rule, in port taverns. Since the recruits, of course, did not understand the commands, the officers called objects that they did not understand, to begin with, the word “gadget” (gadget). Over time, sailors got used to maritime terms, but the word "gadget", if necessary, easily replaced any name on the ship.
The same universal word exists in the modern Russian fleet, but we will not give it here, since it, like many other words and expressions used on ships, is outside the normative vocabulary. Is it necessary to fight the naval obscenities? The answer is asymmetric: you need to learn the structure of the ship!
