Why don't airplanes have parachutes for every passenger in case of a disaster like the one that happened over France? Why don't planes have parachutes for passengers?

Ecology of knowledge: Everyone certainly thought: what will happen if the plane starts to fall? Well, if you go into the water, life jackets will come in handy there. What if it's just on the ground? Where is the parachute? Why aren't they given a parachute on an airplane?

Fasten your seat belt, put on a life jacket, and don't forget your oxygen mask. Everyone who has ever flown an airplane knows about these security measures.

And everyone certainly thought: what will happen if the plane starts to fall? Well, if you go into the water, life jackets will come in handy there. What if it's just on the ground? Where is the parachute? Why aren't they given a parachute on an airplane? After all, so many lives could have been saved in all these catastrophes.

Aviation experts unanimously say that a parachute in an airplane is an unnecessary, expensive thing and generally out of the realm of fantasy. But aerophobes do not give up: they believe that parachutes can be installed on an airplane if you add more money for a ticket, involve the best engineering minds of the country, and in general - this already exists on military aircraft!

There is even a parachute with which you can successfully jump from the 7th floor. So why can't you install a parachute or a flying capsule in an airplane? "Rustoria" found out everything.

Oleg Ivashchuk, Head of the Department of Dynamic Simulators at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

A parachute in a passenger plane is definitely superfluous. I'll explain why:

1. A passenger plane is a super-reliable machine;

2. Most accidents with passenger liners occur during takeoff and landing, that is, at minimum altitudes, when the parachute is simply useless (it does not have time to open);

3. When flying at an echelon, that is, at an estimated altitude of 10-11 thousand meters, a parachute is also useless: a person, leaving the aircraft, will simply die. After all, “outside the window” the temperature is -40 degrees, a rarefied atmosphere and there is practically no oxygen;

4. Finally, to carry with you, imagine a set of parachutes for 300-500 people - this is a lot of extra weight and little free space. There will be nowhere to store the luggage of happy holidaymakers.

5. And most importantly: parachutes are not carried for the safety of the passengers themselves. In case of turbulence (chatter), even the slightest, some of the suspicious passengers will grab these same parachutes and run with them to the exit in an attempt to open the doors.

And so - no parachute - no reason to worry! Happy flying!
Oh yes, capsules are the realm of fantasy. For military aircraft, this is relevant when you need to save one or two people. For a large number of passengers, this is unrealistic. This is very expensive, but it's not even the cost, but the fact that it is very difficult to implement in technical terms. After all, the ejection seat of a fighter is a complex mechanism, a kind of small rocket with a complex of systems for survival.

And for each person - if in the passenger version - it is necessary to provide a hole in the fuselage and skin, where this entire "capsule" will fly out. And the fuselage and skin of a modern passenger aircraft is a very strong structure, excluding all sorts of voids and holes, and capable of absorbing aerodynamic, weight and thermal loads when flying at speeds of about 900 km / h.

Alexey Kochemasov, pilot civil aviation, captain of the aircraft. He maintains a popular blog under the nickname "Pilot Lyokha"

Why do you need a parachute if you can't use it?

Military aircraft (fighters) have parachutes, but these are not just parachutes, but entire rescue systems. The system includes an ejection seat, an oxygen system, a parachute system and a system of protection against mechanical damage to a person by an oncoming flow.

The whole thing weighs about half a ton in total. I think it makes no sense to talk about how this system works, since it will take about 20 A4 pages.

It is known that the vast majority of accidents occur during takeoff and landing. So: just using a parachute in a passenger plane simply won’t work, because it (the plane) flies very high and very fast.

Under no circumstances will a passenger be able to put on a parachute in the cabin, if something happens, let alone leave the aircraft.

To open the doors in an airplane at an altitude of 10-12 km, you will have to depressurize the plane, that is, let all the air out, otherwise the doors will not open. And if you do it, as in a fighter (when the door “shoots back”), then explosive decompression will occur, and this, in turn, is instant death.

In a fighter jet, the pilot sits in a protective helmet and an oxygen mask, and when the rescue system is activated, the oxygen system begins to supply air to the lungs of a person under excessive pressure (automatically), which ensures the vital activity of the body.

You understand that such chairs in passenger cabin excluded.

Further. The plane flies at a speed of about 800-900 km per hour, which means that getting out of the plane unharmed at such a speed is a utopia. A person, along with his parachute, will simply be torn to shreds by the oncoming air flow.

In a fighter, the rescue system ensures the safety of the human body by introducing a special deflector into the oncoming stream. This is a steel telescopic rod that is fired and fixed in front of the body and head of the pilot.

So, this deflector cuts through the oncoming flow and keeps the human body intact. Also, do not forget that a military pilot is always in a protective helmet.

Further. Even if rescue systems similar to military aircraft are installed in a civilian aircraft, the number of passengers that the aircraft can carry will be reduced by about 4-5 times, which means that the ticket will immediately begin to cost the same number of times more.

Are there many passengers willing to fly from Moscow to Sochi for 100,000 rubles one way? Moreover, you need to be in an ejection seat all the time tightly fastened and pulled, in a helmet and an oxygen mask!

And, perhaps, the most important thing. After all, it’s not only young girls and guys who are absolutely athletic and completely healthy fly: what about children, the elderly, hypertensive patients, who not only cannot physically endure the bailout itself, but even a decrease in atmospheric pressure below a certain threshold can become fatal for them?

The use of a parachute in its classical sense (a satchel on the back) is impossible by definition: you can’t force each passenger to put a satchel on their back and sit like that on the plane for 3-15 hours, right? And 99.9% of the people on the plane will not be able to perform the jump. They just never did it.

As for the parachute rescue of the entire cabin. At low altitude, during takeoff and landing, there is simply not enough altitude and time to apply the system. And in the event of a collision at the height of two aircraft, you yourself understand, all these parachute devices are already on the drum.

And being on the flight level in the plane itself, even with failed engines, is much safer than leaving this very plane (well, we already said above that it is from the realm of fantasy, to leave the plane at an altitude of 10 km).

Is it technically possible to take a parachute with you?

If you still decide to take a parachute with you, no one can forbid you to do so. You shouldn't laugh either.

“A parachute is the same thing as everything else. If by weight it passes like hand luggage, then there will be no problems, you can take it with you on board. It is better to clarify specific weight norms in advance with the airline, ”Rustoria was told in help desk Sheremetyevo Airport.

But still, taking a parachute with you on a trip is worth it only if you really want to scare other passengers, especially impressionable aerophobes. It will still not work to use the parachute for its intended purpose, our experts are sure.

So just fasten your seatbelt, get comfortable in your chair, and think about something nice. And from the porthole, fantastic views almost always open. Have a nice flight and soft landing! published

When boarding a plane, everyone has ever thought about the safety of such a trip. And no wonder - historically, almost any air disaster immediately appears on the news channels. Cinema, of course, does not help with this either.

In fact, there are dozens of times fewer airliner crashes than car accidents or other accidents involving technology. However, this does not completely eliminate their existence. And in this case, it is really worth considering and paying attention to all the security measures that you are provided on board.

Some here are starting to worry about the question - why are there no parachutes? And in fact, why is not a single passenger aircraft equipped with them?

There are several reasons for this, and all of them can be divided into several categories:

• Economic;
• Technical;
• Risk factors.

Economic reasons

Economic reasons are not the main ones, but still significant. To equip each passenger seat with a parachute, you need to spend a lot of money.

Regular checks of equipment, its updates, passenger briefing - each of these costs will not be covered even by an increased ticket price.

Economic inefficiency is one of the main reasons for this decision.

Technical reasons

There are several technical reasons:

1. There are no standard parachutes - each of them will have to be adjusted to fit individual passenger. Together with the obligatory briefing, it will take an unacceptable amount of time and effort.
2. Passengers with handicapped, pregnant women, small children, even a fully fitted parachute will not be an option. For such passengers, you will have to come up with your own way, and it is not an option that it exists.
3. Each parachute is additional weight and space. Any passenger aircraft has a maximum commercial weight, which includes both people and their luggage. With the addition of 300-500 parachutes on board, it will be necessary to reduce not only the allowable weight of luggage, but also the volume of hand luggage, since seats in the cabin are also limited.
4. The average flight altitude of a passenger liner is not less than 9-10 thousand meters above the ground. At a similar height, the temperature is about -40 degrees and there is practically no oxygen, thanks to the rarefied air. A passenger who leaves the board in such conditions will die.

Risk factors

Risk factors for placing parachutes on an aircraft can also be divided into:

• Human;
• Statistical.

Human factor:

• Terrorists. Unfortunately, today terrorist attacks are a terrible reality that almost everyone is struggling with. the developed countries. This does not change the fact that they are still happening and despite a large number of precautions, aircraft during passenger traffic- one of the favorite places of terrorists.

If parachutes are installed on planes, this will give criminals the easiest way out of situations that does not require sacrificing their own lives. As in the case of the buyout policy, this will only pique their interest.

• Pilots. Parachutes installed on board means installed parachutes in the cockpit, right? If this is true, then if the plane crashes, both pilots will have a chance to escape from the airliner before all the passengers. Even specialists cannot determine how a person will react in the face of the threat of death - behave like a professional, or will he panic when he has a means of exit at hand? All this is an unnecessary risk.
• Passenger panic. The likelihood that one of the passengers will panic at the most inopportune moment or with simple turbulence is too high. If this person grabs his parachute and runs to open the door, a panic will begin, which is extremely dangerous.
• Psychology of passengers. Professionals know that even with already paid jumps, a full course of training and a guarantee of safety, some part of the group refuses at the very last moment every time. When this happens under controlled flight conditions, instructors allow such people to remain on board until landing, because they know that panic in the air can lead to fatal errors and even death. In a crash, there will be no such luxury.

Statistical factor:

1. Aircraft crash statistics show that the vast majority of them occur either on takeoff or on landing. A parachute is unlikely to help here.
2. In the case of a successful jump from an airplane and opening a parachute - the probability of being in the middle of the ocean or any other non-residential areas - is too high. Add to this the urgent need for medical care, which you will most likely need and you can see how it goes.

Other Security Measures

This video presents other possible inventions and safety measures that are or are being considered for implementation in passenger airliners to ensure the safety of people.

Conclusion

In conclusion, several conclusions can be drawn:

1. Passenger aircraft do not have parachutes for several unrelated reasons: economic, technical, and risky. They all describe different situations, some of which, with due diligence, can be circumvented while others cannot.
2. In addition to parachutes, there are other, more real and essential safety measures and rules on board the aircraft, which, if you want to avoid unforeseen situations, you must definitely study and follow.

It would seem that a completely logical and simple solution, which, probably, occurred to every person who has ever flown at least once. What are the reasons why airplanes do not have parachutes for passengers? Is it just the airlines' greed?

Most "couch experts" reduce the essence of the issue to finance. They say that it is simply unprofitable for air carriers to install additional equipment, since this will lead to an increase in the cost of flights and the loss of customers. Moreover, companies are even interested in the death of all passengers in the event of a disaster, because this reduces the amount of insurance payments.

Of course, parachutes are not cheap, and equipping each passenger seat with them will cost a pretty penny. However, will this make people more comfortable? First, it's extra weight. Are there many who want to replace hand luggage on a parachute? And if some of the passengers agree, and the rest are against? Solve the issue by secret ballot?

Secondly, putting on a parachute is not like putting a backpack on your back. The briefing alone will take a couple of hours. Do you agree to listen to it before each flight? A lot of straps should be adjusted exactly to size. This means that giving each passenger a standard parachute is not an option. It is necessary to think separately about options for children, pregnant women, the disabled ... Ideally, you need to put on a parachute before starting the flight, set it up, and fly without taking it off. Can you imagine this picture?

Thirdly, a logical question arises: whether to issue parachutes to crews passenger aircraft? If not, it turns out, it seems, unfair to take away their chance of salvation. And if so, then who can guarantee that at the most critical moment the pilots will not jump out, leaving the falling ship?

And yet, just imagine what a gift it would be for terrorists. You can no longer look for suicide bombers who are willing to carry a bomb on board and explode along with everyone else. After all, at any moment you can jump out.

But suppose the passengers are willing, for their own safety, to endure such inconvenience and expose themselves to other risks. But here comes the next question:

Will a parachute save on an airplane

As we already wrote in the article, the vast majority of air crashes happen during takeoff and landing. Everything happens at too low a height for a jump, and in such a short time that you do not have time not only to wear, but even to think about a parachute.

Oh yes, we agreed that we were flying with already dressed parachutes. In addition, not all accidents happen directly near the ground. Well, let's imagine a situation that critical problems happened at, and this is 10,000 meters. Then the passengers will have a whole few minutes to evacuate. To understand how much it is, just watch the following video.

In total, it took almost a minute and a half for people who were calm and ready for the experiment, knowing that they were not in danger, left the passenger plane through emergency exits. And how many will it take for the same number of people, in a panic, to jump from a 10-kilometer height with a parachute that they see for the first time in their lives?

Skydiving instructors know that it is often difficult to persuade even a person who deliberately decided to jump and paid money for it to jump out for the first time. Not everyone will decide on this. In addition, there will be a moral dilemma for the daredevils, because the children and the elderly remaining in the cabin will inevitably die as a result of depressurization of the cabin.

You say, so what, it's better to save at least some of the passengers than none? Well, let's then see what fate awaits those who dare to jump. The speed of movement is about 1000 km / h, 50 degrees of frost overboard and a lack of oxygen. Even if, by some miracle, you are not smeared on the wing, you are not dragged into the engine, you do not suffocate and freeze, then it is not a fact that you will be delighted with what awaits you after landing. The probability of being in the middle of the ocean is much higher than on the threshold of the hospital, which would be oh so useful to you after such an adventure ...

Then, maybe, all passengers should put on immediately, upon landing, not only a parachute, but also a wetsuit, an oxygen cylinder, and take dry rations for 3 days and a survival kit with them? Or is it overkill? Or here's another idea - a catapult. In case of danger, the pilot presses a button, and hundreds of smiling people in comfortable chairs, with parachutes over their heads and glasses of champagne in their hands, soar into the sky ...

Why are there no catapults in passenger planes?

Yes, in fact, for the same reason why parachutes are not issued to aircraft passengers: unsuitable conditions for survival overboard, plus the severity and high cost of construction.

Can you imagine hundreds of catapults fired and parachutes deployed at the same time? They will all get mixed up and one big pancake will fall to the ground. In addition, even if you do not make an individual hatch for each passenger, but build something like a common roof that can be fired off, this will significantly reduce the strength of the fuselage.

Thus, all such "means of protection" are nothing more than fantasies that are not feasible. At least on this moment. That is why there are no parachutes and catapults in airplanes. If you look at the statistics, you will understand that such measures are not adequate to the potential danger. At any moment, the roof can collapse on you, but you don’t constantly wear a helmet. Therefore, fly calmly and ... enjoy the flight.

29.03.2018, 06:52

Why don't passenger planes have parachutes? A question that worries everyone who has ever encountered a fear of flying or during it. Turbulence, and other factors, willy-nilly, suggest thoughts "what if the plane crashes, if we all die ...". The next thought that visits our consciousness and fantasy is: “If I had a parachute, I would have jumped out and escaped.” So why are passenger liners still not equipped with parachutes? In the event of an accident, it would be possible to organize everyone to collect and “dump” from the airlock. However, not all so simple.

There are international rules according to which a parachute is not issued in passenger aircraft, as it is inefficient and unprofitable. Unprofitability refers to the extra weight that will have to load the aircraft. One parachute weighs 10 kg on average. The aircraft can carry between 70 and 700 passengers at a time (depending on the aircraft model) plus crew. It is not difficult to calculate - the additional weight will be from 700 kg to 7 tons! Each aircraft has its own carrying capacity, and if equipped with parachutes, several passenger seats will have to be left free, and this is a big loss for airlines.

Inefficiency is understood as the fact that at the time of the crash in panic, turmoil, weightlessness and other interference, an unprepared person will not be able to properly put on a parachute and centrally, without panic, get to the place of "dumping". In addition, the pilot and staff are also not issued with parachutes, so the crew is not tempted to save their own lives and leave the crashing plane with passengers.

Let's imagine that we are flying in a passenger plane with parachutes. Suddenly there is an emergency situation, the pilots can not cope with it and the plane is rapidly falling.

Situation 1

We know how to use a parachute and were able to put it on, but the plane is thrown from side to side so much that we simply cannot get to the exit. In fact, it would be difficult for even professional paratroopers to get out of a falling plane. Not to mention us unprepared passengers.

Situation 2

We are wearing a parachute, the plane continues to fall, and we miraculously made it to the safest door at the end of the plane. If you get out of other doors, when you jump, you can crash on the wing or get into the engine. So, we open the door, and here another trouble awaits us: air and speed.

As everyone knows, a passenger plane flies at speeds up to 1000 km/h. At this speed, the air becomes like a concrete wall. If you jump out of an airplane without a certain physical preparation, you will simply break and turn out. This is especially true for the elderly, women and children.

What about air? Airplanes fly at an altitude of about 10-12 km. According to research, at an altitude of 4 km, a person needs additional oxygen. At an altitude of already 8 km, without an oxygen cylinder, a person simply will not survive. It is unlikely that you will be able to jump out at such a speed and height, grabbing an oxygen tank along the way.

Situation 3

You got to the door and opened it - depressurization! With depressurization at an altitude of about 10 km, a person lives no more than 30 seconds.

Situation 4

You were still able to get out of the plane, overcome the monstrous pressure, the blow of air, the temperature of minus 60 degrees in the absence of oxygen. And here again the test - below the taiga, winter, bears, wolves, the ocean, the desert, the field, high-voltage lines, rabid boars and other troubles. Surviving in this case will be a great luck.

Of course, there is a chance to survive! People are so arranged that they will fight to the last even for the smallest chance to survive. However, do the airlines agree with our position? Unfortunately not, they believe that the chance of salvation is so negligible that cutting their income by 30% is too high a price that they are not ready to pay for this chance. In addition, the survivors will sue the airline for much more than compensation to the families of the victims.

By the way, a method has long been invented in which all passengers can be saved in the event of an aircraft crash. The cabin with passengers and the cockpit are a capsule, which, in the event of a crash, can detach from the rest of the aircraft and descend to the ground with parachutes. They, in turn, are automatically revealed in this situation - and everyone is saved! Visually it looks like this:

This is also not profitable for airlines, again the survivors will sue. So technically this option is real and there are opportunities for implementation, but no one wants to re-equip their fleet and pay compensation to survivors. This is the whole point of the problem.

positive moment

According to the results of a study of air accidents conducted over a period of 20 years, in 570 accidents, only 5% of all passengers from the total number on board died. That is, out of 53 thousand people who survived the crash, 51 thousand survived.

Don't forget that 90% of air crashes are takeoffs and landings. It is unlikely that you will need a parachute at a height of 20 meters.

39 responses

TheQuestion partner response

I disagree with the flight director.

Technically, you can save yourself by using a parachute. And you don't even need to know anything to do it. And even from a height of 10 thousand meters. Provided that the parachute is on a person, he is in the air and the ring is still pulled.

But how will the passengers end up with parachutes and in the air?

Who will provide and control it. And all this under conditions of stress, pressure and fear. If even in a calm state, when the flight is over, passengers cannot get off the plane normally - they rush to the exit, creating traffic jams.

In the idea with parachutes on board passenger aircraft there are a lot of unsolvable technical and organizational issues. In addition, economically extremely disadvantageous. But even if they are solved hypothetically, the benefits are still doubtful, for example, in cases of flying over water.

And in what "accident" is it necessary to leave the aircraft at 10 thousand meters? It's not very clear what the situation is. How to define it. And such a departure would be unsafe. Those. There are chances to survive, and there are also chances to die. You have to be smart with your breathing. With leaving the apparatus at such a speed.

Answer

Comment

The military transport Il-76 drops 126 paratroopers with forced opening of parachutes in two minutes. This can be done both from the side aisles and from the tail ramp. Therefore, the system of forced ejection of passengers on a civilian aircraft it is not difficult to organize at the command of the FAC: tail ramp; forced rail descent of seats; parachute system of each seat. As a result, in a couple of three minutes, the entire interior was reset.

1. The aircraft will lose more than one ton for the organization of this rescue system, which will entail a significant increase in the cost of transportation (reduction in payload).

2. Passengers do not want to be fastened at the time of the flight. And at the moment of emergency evacuation, they will simply be thrown out of the chair, which will make the chair rescue system useless.

3. The cruising speed of the Airbus A320 is about 840 km/h. Landing is allowed at speeds not exceeding 400 km/h and at altitudes not exceeding 4000 m. Otherwise, the landing person is injured due to overloads and a sharp change in pressure.

4. And the main thing: most disasters occur at low and ultra-low altitudes. During takeoffs, landings, in mountainous conditions and at times of poor visibility. That is, where the reaction time is minimal. At this moment, only the ejection seat can save.

And that is not in all cases.

Disasters occur at low altitudes, which completely kills the arguments of the majority here that there is nothing to breathe at 10 km. The pilot at the right time can reduce speed and throw passengers at the right height.
- Passengers are not fastened even when approaching the ground? (we are considering low-flying situations)

those. it is technically possible to eject all passengers in a short period of time, but the market economy and capitalism will not allow to drive the risks of death to relative zero?

Answer

Don't forget that the plane is going down. It might just be out of control. Both engines or the power supply system can be disabled, and the same flaps have an electric drive. The pilot will not be able to reduce the speed to 300-400 km / h at the right time, keep it, vector and altitude for several minutes.

The talk about the fact that all market strategies can be sent to hell when it comes to human lives is quite legitimate. If there weren’t all sorts of impossibilities from a technical point of view - low altitudes, uncontrolled aircraft, etc.

Answer

The conclusion is that it is possible to make a passenger rescue system, even if it would not provide a 100% guarantee, but it would increase the chances of survival. And they do not do it not because of technical impossibility, but because the owners of airlines put their profits above the value of the lives of passengers.

Answer

Comment

The life support system civil aircraft does not imply the possibility of leaving it in the air. What will you get through? It is impossible to throw the doors in the air: due to the pressure difference, they are closed so that no force is enough to open them (after landing, this is done using special devices that first depressurize the aircraft). But let's assume that a falling plane had a depressurization in the air (which is quite similar to the truth in the case of a flight that has now crashed in France). Also suppose that there was a hole through which people could jump out of the liner. But what would they breathe at an altitude of 10,000 meters? To skydive without an oxygen mask, the height must be no more than 4 kilometers. The Düsseldorf-Barcelona plane crashed at an altitude of about 2000 meters. Would 150 passengers have time to jump off in the time that the plane would fall 2 kilometers? No, they wouldn't. Not to mention the fact that one must be able to use a parachute, and it is impossible to teach this in a short briefing given by a flight attendant before the flight. Paratroopers prepare for independent jumps for six months.

If safety weighs a lot, it is necessary to make engines more powerful and more economical. If it is impossible to open the door during takeoff, you need to make an opening roof to eject even in masks. Someone did not want to buckle up - let only that one die. And courses for a skydiver before that. But you need to make a real SAFE PLANE! Now what is the security? Where is the security-jumble where it is indicated where to go in case of fire and at the same time it is impossible to open the door at a height? I WILL NOT GO TO GUARANTEED DEATH!

Answer

An escape hatch can be provided in the aircraft.
- It is possible to provide a pressure equalization system in the aircraft.
- Can be foreseen oxygen masks for each passenger.
- You can provide automatic operation of the parachute.
- It is possible to provide for automatic ejection of seats.

I jumped with a parachute for the first time after a short briefing, I didn’t prepare for any half a year. I didn't even prepare for the day.

Answer

Comment

Because they will be useless. From the height at which the planes fly, jumping out is unlikely to survive - there is neither oxygen nor pressure for 10 km, and the temperature is extremely low - either you pass out and do not open the parachute (in the case of a long jump with opening at the last kilometer) or you cannot immediately reach "comfortable" height - there is nothing to breathe and -45 degrees will do their job.

At the speed at which airplanes fly, jumping out at about eight hundred km / h, you are unlikely to survive - the oncoming air flow will be very powerful, shredding both the parachute and the person on the fuselage and tail. As far as I know (if I am mistaken, they will correct it), the speed of the aircraft during the release is usually limited to three hundred km / h.

By reducing the height, we will increase the speed (remember the school, how potential energy turns into kinetic energy) and if the plane is out of order, there are not so many chances to pay off this speed. If the plane is already falling, then the speed will definitely not be reduced.

In addition, the forced disclosure system has even more stringent requirements. top speed. And without it, and without training, and even from such a height where there is no pressure or oxygen, most likely the passengers will lose consciousness after the jump and will never be opened. In accidents during takeoff or landing, which are the most common, it will not help either. IN bad weather Same. In general, 99% of the parachutes will be useless, but they will take up space, weight, and it will also be necessary to change the design of the doors to them, equalize the pressure before opening, and install a forced opening system.

And if you also give out a serious sealed spacesuit with an oxygen cylinder, then you still have to put it on. And it will weigh a lot, which will prohibitively raise the cost of flights. And even with him, do not forget that they do not jump at 800+ km / h.

If the plane is in distress while at a sufficient height for a parachute jump, then all is not lost for it, and a more or less safe landing is very likely. Therefore, it will be safer for passengers to stay in the cabin.

If the plane has already found itself in a situation where it is impossible to save it and a crash is inevitable, then uncontrolled speed and altitude will not allow you to jump.

Finally, skydiving requires the right conditions and the right people. For example, even if passengers (which may include old people, children, disabled people, pregnant women) figure out how to control a parachute in the air, the landing will be very traumatic. especially if you have to fall into the ocean, on a mountainside or a dense forest.

so not giving out parachutes is safer in all respects

This question is answered very well by a fragment of an article from Lurk about plane crashes. Mat, as usual, is present.

15-20 square meters of rags with ropes for hands can reduce the speed of falling from “fucked into meat” to “I’m lying on my back plastered”, but do not rush to put parashit in your hand luggage and arrange it as your favorite sheet - the only real chance to land is only when destroyed in the air, which in itself is already exotic, and in addition, a fresh headwind will probably either smear you on the structure before you move away from it, or simply remember so that you forget about your rag due to lack of consciousness, or spin slings. Jump off the board, even the most emergency and obviously doomed, you can’t just because of a number of objective reasons and barometric relays, which are equipped with doors. Until the pressure inside and outside is equal, you'll open the dick.

There is an answer to your question on Wikipedia, so I hope you will not be offended if I copy it from there:

"IN passenger aviation parachute systems for saving the lives of passengers are not used due to their complete uselessness for this purpose. Leaving the side of the aircraft at the same time by a hundred paratroopers is a non-trivial task even for trained paratroopers jumping from a normally controlled landing aircraft. Leaving the aircraft at a speed of 360-400 km / h is a jump of increased complexity, leaving at high speeds It is carried out only during ejection, with special mechanisms to protect the pilot from injuries that can be caused by the oncoming air flow. leaving emergency aircraft, flying at a deliberately high speed, by dozens of people, mostly not ready either physically or psychologically to make a jump, including old people and children, requires at least large stock time and a special landing device. In the event that there is sufficient headroom and the aircraft is controllable, in most cases it can make emergency landing with planning, which is the safest way to save. If there is no altitude reserve, then there is no time to leave the plane. If the plane makes uncontrollable evolutions, for example, it fell into a tailspin, then even a trained person will often not be able to leave it.

To save aircraft small aviation such systems have been developed and successfully used (parachute 100 sq.m. and weighing 13 kg, deployed by squibs; about 200 pilots saved)."

It's not even a matter of having time to send through the back door of an airbus about 140 people at intervals of three seconds (20 people per minute, 7 minutes in total) and equip all planes with the ability to force the opening of a parachute (because not every person in a state of shock will be able to right time and assessing your position in the air, open the parachute). Even without taking into account the altitude, the temperature overboard, and other factors - how will all these people, caught in the air, land? They do not know how to get away from an obstacle, whether it is a forest or a mountain or a building. They don't know how to fly a parachute. They don't know how to hold their legs so that they don't break their hips when they touch the ground. They can't even extinguish the dome. And this is even in a clean, flat field without a breeze. And with the wind and on difficult terrain ... It's easier to use one large emergency parachute for an airplane, as they once tried to do.

Still, it's better to get a hip fracture than to cease to exist. If companies wanted to save this meager percentage, if people's lives were valued above profit, everything would have been done long ago. But it's expensive. This is for the relatives of the victims, such an accident is a tragedy, for me this is a planned loss. For the rest, it is commonplace or a reason to gossip about why it makes no sense to save the lives of those who die in accidents.

Once upon a time, in one of the specialized Western magazines, I saw a rather well-developed project for rescuing passengers for medium and large aircraft(the project was considered by some European aircraft manufacturing company). In the fuselage of the aircraft, it was supposed to have compartments-salon combined into a composition similar to train cars. Each compartment-salon equipped with a parachute system in the event of an accident was automatically sealed and thrown out along rail guides through the rear ramp of the aircraft. Landing at a rate of decline in the region of 20-25 km / h was softened by inflatable shock-absorbing floats.

Military aviation has been dropping heavy tanks by parachute for 60 years already. And with the use of modern materials, such a project can be pulled by any airline.

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It is quite difficult to imagine how to safely evacuate passengers with parachutes. Let's say there is a depressurization of the cabin on high altitude. Oxygen masks hang in front of passengers' faces. A dangerous choice arises - put on a mask and buckle up, or pull a parachute out from under the chair and run to the door? Another situation - something out of the ordinary happened and the commander on the speakerphone asks to remain calm. There will also be people who will try to escape with a parachute against the orders of the team, which will most likely lead to panic and damage to the aircraft. Even in an ideal situation, when the plane does not fall and the altitude is low enough, it will not be easy to leave it - the crush in the doors will nullify the use of parachutes. In addition, the design of passenger liners is simply not suitable for parachuting, and it is hardly possible to leave them safely through the side doors.

The reason is simple: "jump" off passenger airliner at an altitude of 10,000 m, a temperature of -50 Celsius and a speed of 850 km / h, and at the same time it is extremely difficult to survive. To do this, the parachute must be accompanied by 1) an individual oxygen apparatus 2) a protective suit 3) an emergency release device (catapult).

Otherwise, the combination of physical shock, temperature, and, most importantly, low partial pressure of oxygen overboard will kill you almost instantly.

All this equipment, when provided to each passenger, increases the weight of the aircraft and the complexity of its design to such an extent that it makes the aircraft unusable for its intended purpose (it simply cannot take off).

But for 1-2 people it is quite possible to do this, which is the case, for example, in military aviation.

Parachutes are not issued in modern passenger aircraft because they cannot by themselves be a means of rescue in a rarefied atmosphere at an altitude of 10,000 m, a speed of 850 km / h and a temperature of about minus 50 Celsius. And they weigh decently and take up a lot of space too.

Most accidents happen on takeoff or landing, where a parachute is useless. And at the tremendous speed with which it flies modern liner, it is not so easy to jump out, as it will immediately press the flow to the fuselage. The probability that the plane will crash is very small, and the possibility of using means of rescue is very limited - no one will carry an extra ton of unnecessary cargo for millions of flights.

They are not needed there. IN emergency when the plane is shaking, it is impossible to evacuate, and how will you jump if the plane is falling at great speed. Plus, there is practically no oxygen at high altitude, you will land dead from suffocation if you don’t crash on something, while opening the hatch will cause depressurization of the cabin, and 99% of people have never jumped with a parachute. The reasons are many.

Firstly, a parachute by itself is unlikely to save many passengers in the event of an accident. The vast majority of them happen either during takeoff and climb, or during landing. In both cases, parachutes are simply useless, because they simply will not have time to open in time even if a person jumps out with it. In such situations, it is much safer to stay inside and wait for the moment of impact in your seat, strapped in and in the recommended safe position. There are vanishingly few accidents at a height that is safe for jumping, but even in this case, in addition to the parachute itself, a person will need quite a bit of jump training to successfully rescue (liners fly noticeably higher than ordinary parachute jumps, which beginners are allowed to do after half an hour of briefing and training on the ground), which 99.9% of flying simply do not have.

Secondly, carrying parachutes with you, which with a probability of 99.99999% (see paragraph 1) simply will not be useful even in the event of an accident (which in themselves is an infrequent phenomenon) is superfluous (and very significant, given the weight of one parachute backpack and multiply by a couple of hundred passengers of an average liner) cargo, the transportation of which costs fuel, and therefore money. Consequently, it would be necessary (quite noticeably, as I said) to raise the cost of tickets, which, in the conditions of dense competition in the market, is an extremely unsuccessful and risky step.

Because it's completely pointless.

If we analyze air crashes, it turns out that there were, in fact, no situations when passengers could theoretically use parachutes. The largest number of accidents occurs during takeoff, landing approach, landing itself and aircraft run along the runway. In flight at flight level, only 6% of accidents occur. They are usually accompanied emergency depressurization, at which passengers either die from pressure drop, or lose consciousness from hypoxia.

But even if we imagine that there is a technical malfunction, and the crew understands that the plane will crash, but there is time for evacuation - to use a parachute you need to be in good physical shape, undergo training (first-timers and "by coupons" jump in tandem with an instructor, after briefing), given the panic and turmoil, few will actually be able to take advantage. In addition, a passenger aircraft is simply not suitable for landing (which is not even possible at all altitudes, relatively speaking - it will be relatively safe from 3000 to 1000 m) Installing a landing ramp will “eat up” up to a third of the usable cabin volume, parachutes will take - a significant place, and the probability of necessity and possibility - fractions of a percent. At the same time, the price of tickets will double only due to a reduction in space in the cabin + development of systems, R&D, implementation, crew training, etc.

I take this opportunity to remind you that air crashes are an extremely rare occurrence. The probability that a passenger boarding a plane will die in a plane crash is approximately 1/8,000,000. If a passenger boards a random flight every day, it will take him an average of 21,000 years to die.

The plane crash does not happen on cruising speed and with a regular ceiling. Most likely, between the cause of the accident and the understanding by the crew and passengers that an accident has occurred, the aircraft will drop speed and altitude. So a protective suit and an oxygen tank will definitely not be needed. The main problem is how to leave the salon. If the pilots have time to stabilize the aircraft before the fall and take at least 3-4 km altitude and fly in this mode for about 20 minutes, it is possible to save the bulk of the passengers with parachutes, provided that the parachutes are equipped with automatic deployment and altimeter. Because many passengers will simply be in a semi-conscious state and a state of passion. The chances of escaping, while maintaining calm and restraint, are high (if the aircraft is stabilized and there is time to evacuate). If the accident broke the plane apart in the air or the fall is uncontrolled, the plane is in a tailspin and there is panic on board - the chances are zero. Let's say a Malaysian board that hit a rock a couple of years ago could evacuate most people if there were parachutes. Regarding the take-off weight of the aircraft, it is specific for each model and its value is not a secret. The weight of the cargo that the board takes on a flight depends on the distance and the weight of the fuel for this distance, which together do not exceed takeoff weight cars. Each aircraft also has a margin both in terms of take-off weight and strength. It is not a problem to provide for the weight of 300-hundred parachutes. The problem is that the plane will take less cargo or fuel on the flight. Skydiving also requires skill and technical knowledge. Including air safety. Most likely, a certain percentage of passengers will not be able to use a parachute after the jump. But some percentage will survive solely thanks to the parachute. If you can save at least one life during a plane crash, you should already take parachutes on board.

Please write the word "parachute" in the search bar of the site (on the top right, an icon with a magnifying glass) (this is how the word is spelled, read the answers already written on this topic, and try to use the search before writing a question.

Because even professional skydivers emergency situation they cannot safely leave the slow-flying jump plane they are familiar with, and partly die.

Ordinary passengers flying in a non-jumping aircraft will not be able to use a parachute or even safely open the doors during the flight.

Because, firstly, jumping out of an airplane with a parachute is not easy in itself. Even in the ideal case, a small low-speed aircraft specially designed for paratroopers, with the simplest forced-opening parachute, such as the D5, is given preliminary instruction and training for beginners. And everything becomes much more complicated for aircraft, which, in principle, are not adapted for jumping.

Where do you think three hundred unprepared passengers will have to jump out from? And for what time?

Secondly, even if theoretically we have solved the first problem, each parachute is 15-20 kilograms of additional weight for each passenger, regardless of whether it is used or not. This means more expensive tickets, as the plane "with parachutes" will take less baggage, and fewer passengers.

Finally, thirdly, the main accidents in the case of passenger aircraft occur during takeoff and landing, when there is simply no time for "parachute". I hope I do not have to consider the case of converting passenger seats into ejection ones?

A parachute will not save you, as mentioned above, but a capsule that will smoothly descend on parachutes is very even ... We have long learned to drop from cargo aircraft: trucks, armored personnel carriers, tanks, etc., the T-90 tank weighs 46 tons, and the Boeing 737 weighs 66 tons (empty), throw out the engines, fuel, luggage and other nonsense, add the mass of passengers (150 people * 70 kg \u003d 10 ,5 tons) and you will understand that everything is really really!

But businessmen don't value human life, so it's cheaper for them to pay insurance payments than to make an expensive reconstruction, incur losses, in turn, this will raise ticket prices many times, and therefore entail the loss of customers

How do you imagine that? The liner loses altitude, time goes by for seconds, and the crew, instead of trying to save the board, will depressurize the hull and try to push the passenger there with a parachute? In addition, people at least lose consciousness from a pressure drop, or even give their souls to God. There is a project that provides in the event of a plane crash with a whole capsule on parachutes to save passengers. By the way, the Ukrainian came up with. I think the idea has potential.

P/S. For a second, I imagined that the liner was falling at a gigantic speed at an unknown angle, flying over something incomprehensible, and the flight attendants were dressing some crazy person, talking to God, and overboard. And then, bam, and suddenly the stalled engine starts to work intermittently, the liner levels out and gains altitude. And the board conductors looked at each other and said, "Oops, there was a mistake ..."

Firstly, it will sufficiently increase the volume and mass of the chair, and the passenger capacity will be less. Secondly, it is expensive - to build a catapult into each chair and recycle the ceiling mechanisms. Tickets will cost a lot more because of this. Thirdly, disasters in which one would have to eject are so rare that there is no need to take such high security measures. And, let's say, if a disaster happens on the water, the passenger will not be able to put on a life jacket, and not everyone knows how to swim. The probability of dying in this case will be even higher, I believe.

To complement the previous answers: suppose that the plane started to fall while flying at normal cruising altitude, how long can it take before it touches the ground? Minute max. Suppose there are 200 passengers on the plane. In a minute, they will not have time to leave the salon and jump out through the only (as far as I understand) door, moreover, panic will begin, a flea market, but then you yourself understand everything. Therefore, in this situation, it will be safer to buckle up and hope for the best. :)

No. The reason is as simple as three rubles - the passenger will not be able to use it. For parachuting, you need not only a parachute, but also the skills and experience of using it, plus you need the opportunity to use it, i.e. acceptable height and the ability to exit the cabin. The vast majority of accidents occur during takeoff / landing, which means that the parachute is useless in this situation.

Because skydiving requires minimal training - this is the time (even just to put on this satchel). Because the design of the liner does not provide for the possibility of leaving it with a parachute - these are two. In principle, this is already enough, and it is pointless even to try to equip passenger liners with parachutes.

This will greatly increase the weight of the aircraft with passengers and luggage, which will affect the price of the ticket. Plus, the chances of salvation will not add much, because. everyone will not be able to leave the board urgently in any case .... but for not emergencies parachutes are not needed.

In modern passenger liners Neither the crew nor the passengers have parachutes. The reason is not in the ability to use them, as they wrote above, and not in low altitude (like you won’t have time to open it). The reason is atmospheric pressure and the design of the aircraft.During takeoff, the doors / hatches of the aircraft are automatically blocked by a barometric lock, i.e. a crazy passenger, pulling the door handle, will not be able to go to the cloud. As for pressure, at a height of 10 km, the force that presses on the door is approximately 4t. And window portholes have several durable layers. All in all, parachutes are useless, because. After takeoff, you will not leave the plane. Just enjoy the flight. The crew is professional and will take care of you in any situation.

If you click on the "magnifying glass" icon in the upper right corner and enter the word "parachute", you will find many answers to a question similar to yours that were given earlier. All possible answers are already listed there, use it.

To all of the above, I can add, try to imagine the process of evacuating with a parachute from a falling plane ... you got up from your seat and slowly, without creating a crush, approach the evacuation exit, provided that the open hatches created a huge difference in pressure and all the air from within rushed outward with great speed. I personally understand that emergency any mass movement of passengers will create a weight imbalance, and an open hatch will disrupt aerodynamics and create enormous difficulties for the pilot, who is not at ease at this moment and wants to land the plane and stay alive no less than ours. So, it’s obvious to me that when I get on a plane, I can’t count on anything other than the pilot.