Yugyd va national park in Komi. Witch mountain manaraga. Westernmost point

Yugyd Va National Park is the largest national park in Russia. It is located in the region of the Northern and Subpolar Urals in the southeast of the Komi Republic. The total area of ​​the park is about 1,891,701 hectares. The main value of the Yugyd Va National Park is the pristine and virgin nature of its landscapes, as well as the relief, fauna and flora.

The territory of NP "Yugyd Va" is included in the Subpolar-Urals physical and geographical region. Here
are the most high peaks, including Mount Narodnaya (1895 meters) - highest point Ural. The original mountain bore the Mansi name - Poengurr. Also in the central part of the national park are the mountains of Mansi-Ner, Manaraga, Mount Karpinsky - all of them are higher than 1600 meters. Mount Manaraga is a symbol of the Subpolar Urals, and is translated as "bear's paw". climbing equipment Climbing the Ural Mountains is not required, but you must be in good physical shape, climbing experience and preliminary training.

The climate of the area is quite severe, sharply continental, with very short summers and long cold winters. average temperature the warmest month (July) +16 degrees Celsius. The most favorable time to visit the national park is from July to September.

"Yugyd Va" in translation from the language of the Komi peoples means "bright water". And it is no coincidence, because in the park there are a huge number of rivers and lakes, streams, there are all conditions for active water tourism. There are 800 lakes in the park the purest water! the largest rivers are the tributaries of the Pechora - Bolshaya Sonya, Shchugor, Kosyu. All the rivers of the park are mountainous, with a rapid current, a sharp drop in heights and picturesque waterfalls. Moreover, they have very clean water. There is a huge amount of fish here - grayling, salmon, whitefish, peled, whitefish, golden
crucian.

Water in the National Park is available not only in its usual state. There are about fifty glaciers in the mountains with a total area of ​​7.5 square kilometers. Water occupies one third of the park, the remaining two thirds is vegetation. The landscape of the park is divided into three types - dark coniferous and
light coniferous forests, subalpine meadows and crooked forests are located higher, mountain tundras with chars are located higher. The goltsy are rocky, bare peaks that have soft outlines and rise above the forest line. Due to this zonality, vegetation and animal world of the national park are unusually diverse. In the taiga zone, you can see spruce, pine, cedar, fir, and you can also find birch. At the foot of the mountains, sphagnum bogs with blueberries, cloudberries, cranberries, dwarf birch, marsh rosemary are common.

Subalpine forbs are rich in high larkspur, northern wrestler, purple reed grass and other species. In the mountain-tundra belt, moss-lichen and shrub-moss communities are most common, and starting from a mark of 1000-1200 meters above sea level, the slopes of the ridges are practically devoid of any vegetation and are covered with stone placers - kurumniks.

Also on the territory of the national park, endemic plants have been recorded, such as squat neotorularia, Gorodkov's astragalus, and Krause's sedge.

About 30 species of mammals are distributed on the territory of the national park. These are reindeer, elk, fox, bear, pine marten, weasel, white hare, otter, white fox. There are also species listed in the Red Book - northern pika, sable.

Being an object of federal significance in its status, the park "Yugyd Va" was created with the aim of protecting and protecting natural ecosystems, preserving monuments of historical and cultural heritage, organizing and maintaining regulated tourism and recreation, as well as for scientific and educational work and the implementation of reclamation activities disturbed natural complexes.

National park "Yugyd va"(translated from Komi - light water) takes special place among other national parks of Russia. This is the largest territory in size, possessing the most valuable natural complexes and, unlike the reserve, accessible to the general public of nature lovers.

National Park "Yugyd Va" was established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the establishment in the Republic of Komi of the national park “Yugyd va” of the Federal Forestry Service of Russia” dated April 23, 1994 No. 377, and in 1995 its territory, together with the adjacent Pechoro-Ilychsky state natural biosphere reserve(Troitsko-Pechora region) and its buffer zone are included in the World natural heritage under UNESCO common name "Virgin forests of Komi".

The national park is located on the border of Europe and Asia, on the western slopes Northern And Subpolar Urals, in the basins of the river. Skin, Kosyu, Big Son, Shchugor, Underline. Administratively, the Yugyd Va National Park is located in the extreme northeast of the European part of Russia, on the territory of the Vuktyl (47.6% of the total area), Pechora (22.4%) and Inta (30%) regions of the Komi Republic. The total area of ​​the park is 1,891,701 hectares - it is the largest national park in Russia.

The historical and cultural value of the park territory is determined primarily by amazing archeological monuments: the Ust-Podcheremskaya site, the II site, the Podcheremsky treasure, the Posedenie Kozhym I, the Location of Kodym II, etc.

The park has big amount interesting natural objects. Among them, in addition to official natural monuments and reserves, bald and tundra formations, geological monuments stratotypes, reference sections and localities fossil flora and fauna, especially valuable forest plantations, genetic reserves, unique landscapes.

The highest peaks of the Subpolar and Northern Urals are located on the territory of the park. The highest peak of the Urals - Mount Narodnaya (People), 1895 m high, is located on the northeastern borders of the park. The highest peaks are Manaraga, (photo of Mount Manaraga; photo by V.I. Ponomarev), Belfry, Karpinsky, Neroika, Telpos-iz (photo of Mount Telpos-Iz, photo of V.I. Ponomarev), Saber (photo of Mount Saber, photo V. I. Ponomarev)

decoration natural park are rivers and lakes. Most of rivers in the upper reaches has a mountainous character: rapids, rifts, waterfalls are numerous. The lakes are extremely picturesque - Torgovoe and Long (photo of Torgovoe and Long lakes, photo by V.I. Ponomarev), Bolshoye Balbanty, (photo of Lake Bol. Balbanty, photo by V.I. Ponomarev), Okunevoe and other rivers of the park, flowing from the western slope Ural mountains , supply clean water to the Pechora, which flows into the Barents Sea. Cutting through the folds of the ridged foothills-parmas, the rivers form sheer cliffs, called Gates. Gray rocks cut into the channel on both sides, blocking the path of the river.

Giant cedars rise on the cliffs along the banks - the decoration of the taiga forests of the Northern Urals. Lower Gates of the Shchugor River, Middle Gates of the Shchugor River, Upper Gates of the Shchugor River, The lower gates of Podcherye (Kyrta-Varta) and other places invariably attract the attention of tourists and travelers.

The natural boundaries of the park are in the east main ridge Ural Mountains, in the north - river Kozhim, in the west - rivers Big Synya, (photo Bolshaya Synya river; photo by V.I. Ponomarev), Vangyr and Kosyu, in the south - the border with Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve.

In terms of the richness and diversity of the animal world, the park ranks first among all regions of the Komi Republic. There are 43 species of mammals, of which 1 species ( European mink) listed in , 2 endangered species - sable And northern pika. The most typical species are: white hare, flying squirrel, northern deer, ermine, otter, elk, fox, wolf, wolverine, bear, pine marten, weasel, white fox.

As a result of migration, the American mink and wild boar appeared here.
The park is home to 190 species of birds, 19 of them are listed in the Red Book of Komi - the red-breasted goose, osprey, golden eagle, merlin, peregrine falcon, white-tailed eagle. (photo Red Data Book birds, photo G. L. Nakul)

17 species of waterfowl nest in the park. The forests are rich in capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and white partridge. The most numerous group of birds - passerines - has more than 80 species.

23 species of fish live in the reservoirs of the park - salmon, grayling Siberian, peled, taimen, whitefish, broad whitefish, golden crucian carp and others, of which 5 species are listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Of the 5 species of amphibians and reptiles, 1 species is Siberian salamander listed in Red Data Book of the Komi Republic.

The flora of the Yugyd Va National Park includes more than 600 species of vascular plants, dozens of species of mosses and lichens. The richness of the flora of the national park increases in the direction from north to south. Greatest variety herbs are different. Grasses form the basis of herbage in floodplain and mountain-tundra meadows.

Being an object of federal significance by its status, the park "Yugyd va" was created to solve the problems of preserving natural ecosystems and monuments of historical and cultural heritage, organizing and maintaining regulated tourism, scientific and educational work and implementing measures for the reclamation of disturbed natural complexes.

2. State report on the state of the environment natural environment Republic of Komi in 2006 / Min. natural resources and protection environment RK. - Syktyvkar, 2007. - 195 p.

3. National park "Yugyd va" [Text] = national park Yugydva: photo album. - [B. m.: b. and.], 2007 (Syktyvkar: Komi republican printing house) . - S. 144.

4. National Park "Yugyd Va" / ed. V. I. Ponomarev. - M.: Design. Information. Cartography, 2001. - 207 p. : ill.

Idea to organize natural Park in the Urals arose in the branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Komi, in the 70s of the twentieth century. It was then that a large-scale offensive of industry began here. untouched nature, which was quite dangerous: unique natural, historical and cultural monuments, rare species of animals and plants.

The Yugyd Va National Park is the first Russian park included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In 1989, the design of the future national park began. The park was originally intended to be named "Komi-Uralsky". Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Komi ASSR No. 200 "On the establishment of a state natural national park in the Komi SSR" was issued in September 28, 1990. In accordance with this resolution, the boundaries of the park were established, and a directorate was formed in the city of Vuktyl.

Yugyd va National Park and its relief, climate and general information

Within the territorial boundaries of the park dominates temperate cold climate close to continental. It is characterized by long snowy winters and short cool summers. Precipitation is plentiful and frequent. Importance in climate formation has an arctic influence. The sharp continentality and severity of the climate is explained by the latitudinal location Yugyd va National Park.

The growing season on the plain lasts about 80 days, in the mountains - 60. The level of water content of rivers is determined by the amount of summer and winter precipitation. Spring floods are determined by snowmelt, while summer floods are determined by rainfall. The lowest water content is typical for winter period. All the lands of the national park are characterized by the fact that the level of precipitation exceeds evaporation.

The temperature in different parts of the park is different. Most cold month - January, his average daily temperature is -18°С in the south and -21°С in the north.

Yugyd va National Park and its flora

hallmark flora Yugyd va National Park is species diversity heathers and ferns. Here grow burrow, carnation, ranunculus, rosaceous, Compositae and cereal families.

There are relatively few meadows in the protected area. In general, their area is 2000 hectares. Between the mountain-tundra and forest belts, there are areas of mountain meadow small-grass and tall-grass communities. In the protected area, you can see northern aconite, purple reed grass, small cornflower, various-leaved watercress, winding meadow grass, white-flowered geranium, sheep fescue and other plants.

Yugyd va National Park and its wildlife

IN Red Data Book of the Komi Republic northern pika, European mink and sable are introduced. The most typical species for the park are the following: white fox, weasel, pine marten, bear, wolverine, wolf, fox, elk, otter, ermine, northern deer, flying squirrel, white hare and others.

Within the territorial limits of the park, 190 bird species, V The Red Book of Komi 19 species are listed: white-tailed eagle, gyrfalcon, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, osprey, red-breasted goose. Birds of prey are represented by the black kite, the greater spotted eagle, the white-tailed eagle, and the golden eagle. In the forests you can see capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and ptarmigan.

reservoirs The national park is inhabited by 23 species of fish - golden crucian carp, broad whitefish, whitefish, taimen, peled, Siberian grayling, salmon and others. The Red Book of the Komi Republic includes 5 species of fish.