Year of foundation of paris and by whom it was founded. Mont Parnasse and Other Strange Names of Paris
Tired of the endless black and white photographs so popular in those days, French banker Albert Kah decided it was time to do something. In 1909, he hired four photographers and sent them to all four directions to document what was happening in the world. The peculiarity of the project was the use of Lumière's technology called Autochrome, which made it possible to create color photographs.
Paris turned out to be one of the cities on the reporters' path, and so, in 1914, Leon Gimpel, Stephane Passet, Georges Chevalier, and Auguste Leon set to work. Their work shows that everyday life Paris 100 years ago was much richer in colors than we imagine. Bright red shop windows, walls decorated with photographs, flowers - perhaps that Paris explains our romantic ideas about the capital of France a little better.
How old is Paris?
It is not at all easy to answer this question. According to historians, the real and official date of the founding of Paris differ by several centuries. Archaeologists claim that the city arose in the 3rd century BC. Then it was called Lutetia and was the main one in the vast settlement of one of the Celtic tribes - the Parisians. In 52 BC, Lutetia was captured by the Romans. The city was destroyed almost to the ground, when it was rebuilt, it was called Paris - the city of the Parisians. In the 6th century, it passed to the Franks and became the capital of their state. And the date of the founding of Paris continued to be celebrated on July 8 - the day the city was first mentioned in the Roman annals.
The history of Paris begins in the 3rd century BC. e. A tribe of Celtic Gauls formed the city, which then bore the name of Lutetia (which means "swamp" in Gaelic). In 52 B.C. e., in connection with the attack of the Roman troops, the city was set on fire, and the bridges to it were destroyed. The Romans created new town on the left bank of the Seine. It is from this moment that the history of the emergence of Paris as such begins. Until the 5th century A.D. e., the city was under the possession of the Romans. Read more about the Senna River.
Under the rule of the French, Paris was a small residence. In 987, Hugh Capet, the founder of a new dynasty, gave it the status of a city and capital, which has been preserved to this day.
Since 1190, significant transformations have taken place in Paris: on the right bank of the Seine, city wall, in the West of the city - the construction of the famous Louvre began. In 1215, the first university was founded in Paris.
The reign of the kings also contributed to the growth of Paris as the center of France. Louis IX had a special influence. It was during his reign that work progressed on the construction of the well-known Notre Dame Cathedral. Since the 11th century, the city has become a center of religious education.
A cultural upsurge occurred under King Louis XII as well as Francis I. During their reign, many Renaissance palaces and hotels were built.
An interesting fact is that Paris began to be considered a trendsetter only from the 18th century.
Significant changes in Paris also occurred during the reign of Emperor Napoleon I. Many parks, alleys, quarters were reconstructed, and the Arc de Triomphe was erected at the end of the Champs Elysees, embankments were built along the Seine River.
History of the name "Paris"
There are several versions of the appearance of the name "Paris":
- According to some sources, this name comes from the Celts who previously inhabited these lands. They had tribes called the Parisians. In Latin, the name was Civitas Parisiorium, which meant the city of Parisia.
- Other historians claim that the name of the city goes back to the time of the conquest of Troy. Scientists believe that the Trojans, who emigrated from the ruined city, moved to the banks of the Seine and founded a new city, which they called Paris.
- There is also a version that the city was named after the Egyptian goddess Isis (Par Isis).
Some interesting facts about the city:
- The city has an acacia which is said to be the oldest tree in Paris. It is located near the church of Julian of Pavr. Now the tree is about 400 years old.
- The bridge, which has the name "New", is actually the oldest bridge in Paris.
- The well-known expression "the highlight of the program" was born in Paris. It began to be used after in 1889 the Eiffel Tower, which resembles a nail, was timed to coincide with the opening of that year's world exhibition.
Of course, the surest way to get acquainted with the history of Paris is to visit this city and see all the historical sights with your own eyes.
General information and history
Paris (in French - Paris), is the capital of France, the Ile-de-France region and the fifth largest city in the EU. Also administratively, Paris forms a department and a commune. In addition, it is the largest cultural, political and economic center of the country, one of the world's financial centers and global city. It is located on the Seine River, in the north of France, on the plain of the Paris Basin. The city is home to the headquarters of UNESCO, Reporters Without Borders and other organizations. Near Paris is the Royal palace and park ensemble Versailles. The territory of the city is 105.4 km².
Previously, the settlement of Lutetia was located on the territory of Paris, which was founded by the Celts from the Parisian tribe in the 3rd century BC. It was located on the Île de la Cité on the Seine. A century later, a fortress wall appeared near the settlement. Its flourishing was facilitated by its advantageous location between British Isles And mediterranean sea. At 52 locals joined the Gauls in the rebellion against the Roman Empire. After that, a battle took place near Lutetia, in which the rebels lost. At the same time, Julius Caesar made the first mention of Lutetia. When then the commander Titus Labien laid siege to the settlement, the locals put it on fire. After that, the Romans rebuilt it according to their own model, with an amphitheater, baths and other buildings. In the 3rd century, Lutetia was renamed Civitas Parisiorum, and a little later, Paris. A century later, Christianity appeared in the city.
At the end of the 5th century, the Franks conquered Paris, after which King Clovis temporarily made the city the capital of the Frankish state. In 508, Paris became the capital of the Merovingians, after which a number of monasteries and churches appeared there, Royal Palace and a fortress. The basis of the city's economy was river trade; Jewish and Syrian merchants stopped here. From the 7th to the end of the 10th century, the administration of the kingdom was carried out from the cities of Aachen and Clichy. During this period, the city was repeatedly raided by the Normans. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Parisians began to actively populate the right bank of the Seine; before that, most of the townspeople lived on the Ile de la Cité. In the same period, a new fortress wall was built and the University of Paris was founded, where art, medicine, canon law, theology and philology were studied. Between 1420 and 1435, during the Hundred Years' War, the city was in the hands of King Henry V of England, and then, for a while, the Duke of Bedford. After that, until the beginning of the 16th century French capital there was the city of Tours, but under Francis I this status was finally acquired by Paris.
In the second half of this century, during the Reformation, Paris suffered a series of religious wars during which the Protestants, who were approximately 20,000 Parisians, were annihilated. On the night of August 24, 1572, a massacre took place in the city, which went down in history under the name St. Bartholomew's Night, during which more than 5,000 people were killed. The same period saw the five-year siege of Paris by the king of Navarre. In 1622, the residence of the archbishop was located in the city. Almost half a century after this, Louis XIV moved from Paris to Versailles.
During the French Revolution, in 1789, Paris had a mayor, who, after Napoleon Bonaparte came to power, was replaced by two prefects. In the spring of 1814, an allied army entered Paris, led by the Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia. In the 1820s, the oil lamps in the city center were replaced by gas lamps. In the second half of the 19th century, Paris became the capital of five world exhibitions, but at the same time, in 1871, it had to survive the Paris Commune.
When the city was occupied by the Nazis between June 14, 1940 and August 25, 1944, military marches took place on the Champs Elysees, and Paris was hung with German signs. After being released, General Philippe Leclerc accepted the surrender from General Von Scholtitz, and Charles de Gaulle proclaimed that "Paris is defiled, Paris is broken, Paris is exhausted, but Paris is free!" During his presidency, in 1968, student riots took place in the city, which led to a change national character and society, as well as to the resignation of Charles de Gaulle, which took place in April of the following year.
Districts of Paris
Paris is officially divided into twenty municipal districts, each of which is in turn divided into four quarters. The Bois de Vincennes and the Bois de Boulogne are not included in the districts. Each of the districts has its own mayor's office. Most Parisians live in such districts with large parks and modern apartments like 12th, 15th and 19th. It should also be added that each of the quarters has its own police department. The following is a list of counties and quarters:
1st district - Louvre: Saint-Germain-l "Auxerrois, Al, Palais-Royal and Place Vendôme
. 2nd district - Bourse: Gaillon, Vivienne, Mel and Bon Nouvel
. 3rd arrondissement - Temple: Ar-et-Metier, Enfant-Rouge, Archiv and Sainte-Avoie
. 4th arrondissement - Hotel de Ville: Saint Mary, Saint Gervais, Arsenal and Notre Dame
. 5th arrondissement - Panthéon: Saint-Victor, Jardin-de-Plantes, Val-de-Grâce and Sorbonne
. 6th arrondissement - Luxembourg: Monet, Odeon, Notre-Dame-de-Champs and Saint-Germain-des-Prés
. 7th arrondissement - Palais-Bourbon: Saint-Thomas-d "Aken, Invalid, Ecole-Militer and Gros-Cayu
. 8th arrondissement - Elise: Chance-Elize, Faubourg-du-Rule, Madeleine and Europe
. 9th arrondissement - Opera: Saint-Georges, Chaussé d'Antin, Faubourg-Montmartre and Rochouart
. 10th arrondissement - Entrepaux: Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Porte Saint-Denis, Porte Saint-Martin and Opital Saint-Louis
. 11th arrondissement - Popincourt: Folies Mericourt, Sainte-Ambroise, Rocket and Sainte-Marguerite
. 12th arrondissement - Reuilly: Bel-Air, Picpus, Bercy and Kenz-Ven
. 13th arrondissement - Tapestry: Salpêtrière, Gare, Maisons-Blanche and Krulbarbe
. 14th arrondissement - Observatory: Montparnasse, Parc de Montsouris, Petit Montrouge and Plaisance
. 15th arrondissement - Vaugirard: Saint-Lambert, Necker, Grenelle and Javel
. 16th arrondissement - Passy: Auteuil, Muet, Port-Dauphine and Chaillot
. 17th arrondissement - Batignolles-Monceau: Terne, Plaine-de-Monceau, Batignolles and Epinette
. 18th arrondissement - Buttes-Montmartre: Grande Quarry, Clignacourt, Goute-d'Or and Chapelle
. 19th arrondissement - Buttes-Chaumont: Villette, Pont-de-Flandres, Americas and Conbats
. 20th arrondissement - Menilmontant: Belleville, Saint-Fargeau, Pere Lachaise and Charon
Also in Paris there are such historical centers and areas such as: Avenue Montaigne, Defense, Champs Elysees, latin quarter, Les Halles, Marais, Montmartre, Montparnasse, Opera, Place de la Bastille, Place de la Concorde and Faubourg Saint-Honoré.
Population of Paris in 2018 and 2019. Number of inhabitants of Paris
The data on the number of city residents are taken from the federal state statistics service. The official website of the Rosstat service www.gks.ru. Also, the data were taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of the EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The site published data on the number of inhabitants of Paris. The table shows the distribution of the number of inhabitants of Paris by years, the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.
Population change graph for Paris:
As of 2015, the population of Paris was 2,196,936 and the density was 21,283/km². The population of the agglomeration " Greater Paris» in 2011 amounted to 10.62 million people, and the urbanized area of Paris - about 11.5 million people. The city is home to 3.6% of the French population.
From the beginning of the 19th century until the end of the First World War, the number of Parisians steadily increased, in 1921 reaching a record figure for the city of 2,900,000 people. Beginning in the 1950s, the population began to decline and in 1999 amounted to 2.2 million people. Then growth began again, mainly due to an increase in the birth rate. And since many elderly Parisians move to the provincial and southern regions France, the proportion of young people in the city has increased.
Most of the citizens, 51.5%, are unmarried people, average family consists of 1.88 people. Also, most Parisian families are small families with only one child. For this reason, the total fertility rate is only 1.64. but at the same time in 2004 the birth rate was 14.8, and the death rate was 6.6. Consequently, the natural increase was then +8.1, and the total increase was +2.1.
Paris is home to a very large number foreign migrants. For example, in 2008 the number of foreign citizens amounted to 0.33 million people, or 14.9% of the city's population. Almost a third of them are citizens of EU countries, and 20% are from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Paris has already developed Asian, Arab, African, Greek, Jewish and Indian quarters.
The confessional composition in Paris is as follows: 80% of Parisians are Christians. Of these, 75% are Catholics, while others are mainly adherents of the Armenian and Greek rites. Most Muslims live in the 11th, 18th, 19th and 20th districts, but city mosque, built in 1926, is located in the 5th district. In addition, there are 94 Catholic communities in Paris, 21 synagogues, 15 Orthodox churches, another mosque and the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Denoonym: Parisian, Parisian, Parisians.
Paris city photo. photography of paris
Information about the city of Paris on Wikipedia:
Link to Paris website. You can get a lot of additional information by reading them on the official website of Paris, the official portal of Paris and the government.
Official website of Paris
Map of the city of Paris. Paris Yandex maps
Created with Yandex service people's map(Yandex map), while zooming out, you can understand the location of Paris on the map of Russia. Paris Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Paris with the name of the streets, as well as house numbers. The map has all the designations of Paris, it is convenient and easy to use.
On the page you can find some description of Paris. You can also see the location of the city of Paris on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all objects of the city.
In Paris, there are such names of quarters, streets, squares, which at first cause slight bewilderment. For example, the prison, which is located on the Rue des Health (la prison de la Santé), or Mount Parnassus, which is not a mountain at all, or the same Montmartre mountain, which is a mountain only from the point of view of the inhabitants of the valleys, and from the point of view of the inhabitants of the mountains, it is even not a banal hillock. True, therefore, sometimes Montmartre - probably out of respect for the inhabitants of the Alps - they really call it more geographical, and not historical and close to the actual name of the word - a hill.
To understand why this happens, one should turn to history, and first of all be clearly aware that the name of a place was not given only administratively. The name arose on its own, so to speak, on a folklore basis, and only then it was officiallyized. Sometimes this officialization, in other words, the administration of the name, took place taking into account urban traditions, sometimes it came into conflict with them. But, as they say, it turned out what happened, and therefore there are paradoxes and contradictions in the names. Let's illustrate some of them.
Montparnasse - as a place of life, as a part of the city with its own traditions and character, was formed in the 17th century. Then this place was not part of the city, the city borders were much closer to the center. It was not even a village, but a small settlement, a settlement (un lieu dit). It was located on the site of the current Vavin metro station, at the corner of the Boulevard Montparnasse and Raspail, and administratively belonged to the then suburb of Vaugirard.
The definition of a hill (although there is no hill close there) arose because unnecessary rubble was dumped at this place. Let's not forget that there were city adits nearby, in which stone was mined for the construction of the city. These are the adits that later became known as the catacombs. After processing the stone, crushed stone remained, and as unnecessary, and also in anticipation of better times, it was dumped in one place in the hope that there would be a buyer for it.
Around this pile of rubble, those who worked in the stone quarries, duellists, as the place was remote, and also those who practiced slinging, throwing stone with a belt, appointed themselves a meeting place. For this reason, the place was then called "Mount Fronde" (French for sling - Fronde). School students sometimes also came, since the Sorbonne was nearby. Some recited poems and sang their hooligan school songs. This circumstance was the impetus for the fact that someone, not without obvious irony, called this place Mount Parnassus - in imitation of Mount Parnassus, on which, according to Greek mythology, the Muses lived. The Muses, obviously, also lived there, but now it is difficult to say in what form and in what form.
The history of Paris can no longer be measured in centuries, but in millennia. Can you understand a city if you don't know its history? A city that has not seen anything for many centuries of its history, and which, perhaps, is not yet to be seen!
Paris got its unique charm largely due to the events of this centuries-old history.
In the years 540-550, under King Childebert I of the Merovingian dynasty, the first Christian church in Paris, the Basilica of St. Stephen, was built on the island of Cité. Centuries later, Notre Dame Cathedral was built on this site.
The Capetians again moved the capital to Paris, and a royal palace was built on the Ile de la Cité, which remained the residence until the 14th century. French kings. During this period, the island of Cité was the center of an already considerable city, stretching along both banks of the Seine.
For four centuries the Capetians worked to transform their capital. Under the kings of this dynasty, on the site of the Basilica of St. Stephen in 1163-1345. Notre Dame Cathedral was built. In the years 1244-1248 the Sainte Chapelle was erected. In the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a well-fortified castle on the banks of the Seine to defend Paris, from which the history of the famous Louvre began.
But the brilliant history of Paris was yet to come. In the meantime, it was a rather dirty town, with narrow crooked streets. There was no sewerage or public toilets in Paris at that time. People threw sewage directly into the street, where they mixed with road dirt and horse manure, and the need was discharged directly into the Seine or in city gardens.
The first king to show concern for the improvement of Paris was Philip II Augustus (1180-1223). It was under him that the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral began. Paris was surrounded by a defensive wall to protect against the troops of the English king Richard the Lionheart. In 1190 a city wall was built on the right bank of the Seine, and in 1210 on the left bank. At the same time on western outskirts Paris, the fortress of the Louvre is being built.
Under Philippe-August, the first paved streets and fountains appeared in Paris. The king built new churches in his capital.
Under Saint Louis IX (1226-1270), the provote system was improved, in particular, the position of Parisian provost was established.
Prevost was the representative of the royal authority in Paris and took care of the defense of the city. The position of prevost was inherited. The residence of the royal prevost at that time was in the castle, which stood on the site of the current Chatelet Square.
And not far from the Chatelet, in the so-called "Reception of the townspeople", the merchant prevost and his four assistants (echevens) met. They carried out the administration of the capital. Thus, in the Middle Ages in Paris, power was divided between the royal provost, who was precisely the representative of the king, and the city municipality, headed by the merchant provost.
Under Louis IX, the king's judicial power expanded considerably; The central judicial institution was the Parisian Parliament, which consisted of peers and lawyers.
Since the 11th century, Paris has been one of the centers of European education, primarily religious. In the XIII century, as a result of disagreements among teachers, a number of "independent" colleges were opened on the left bank. In 1257, such a college was founded by the canon of Paris, Robert de Sorbon. Over time, this college has become the largest medieval center theology - Sorbonne.
Others appeared near the Sorbonne educational establishments where students from different countries. The students spoke Latin among themselves, so the area in which these educational institutions were located was called the Latin Quarter.
By the beginning of the 14th century, the scheme of Paris was basically formed: the center of secular and ecclesiastical power was located on the Island of the City, the university district on the left bank, and on the right bank, where the largest city market was built, the commercial part of the city was located.
Charles V (1364-1380) made the castle of the Louvre the official residence of the king. By decree of this ruler, the Bastille fortress was built on the eastern outskirts of the city and a grandiose castle in the Vincennes forest.
What was medieval Paris like?
Typical medieval city with narrow zigzag streets, which were closely built up with three- and four-story houses, the upper floors of which hung over the lower ones.
There was no numbering of houses and signs with street names then. The only reference points were trade signs and the names of taverns fixed on poles. In the evenings, the streets were dimly lit by lanterns, which were not lit during the full moon. There were still no sewers or sidewalks in the city. Only in the middle of the streets were ditches dug.
And so Paris remained until the XVI century. And only in the 16th century government decrees were issued on the rectilinear building of streets, the first stone embankment was created, and the reconstruction of the Louvre began. In the city, in addition to the Sorbonne, where mainly theological disciplines were studied, the secular College de France was founded, in which education was focused on the humanistic ideas of the Renaissance. Under the "king-planner" Henry IV (1594-1610), work was continued in the Louvre, the construction of the New Bridge was completed, next to which the royal Dauphine Square was created. By order of Henry IV, in the Marais quarter, the magnificent Place des Vosges was laid out, which consolidated the type of urban ensemble with a geometric layout, houses of the same type in architecture and a royal statue in the center. During the reign of Louis XIII (1610-1643) in Paris were founded Botanical Garden and the French Academy, the first royal printing house was opened, and the development of the island of Saint-Louis began. At times Louis XIV (1643-1715) royal residence moved to Versailles, but Paris still remained political center France, thanks to the growing population and the leading role of Paris in the country's economy.
In total, at the beginning of the 18th century, about 500 thousand people lived in Paris. In the capital, urban planning was led by the court minister Colbert, at whose direction the Place Vendôme was laid out, the Champs Elysees and the Grand Boulevards were laid, the monumental Les Invalides, the Observatory and the royal manufactory of Gobelins were built.
At the initiative of Louis XV (1715-1774) was created new area between the Tuileries Garden and the Champs-Elysées (the current Place de la Concorde), the Church of St. Genevieve was built (later turned into the Pantheon), the Military School, the esplanades of the Champ de Mars, the new Mint.
Now, when building new and reconstructing old quarters, the first detailed plan Paris, designed by the architect Visconti. Now every city building was carefully designed, whether it be a theater, a market, a fountain or a slaughterhouse.
In 1789, the French Revolution broke out in Paris. What changes took place in the capital of France during this turbulent period? The beginning of the revolution is considered to be the assault on the Bastille fortress in Paris, which was then completely dismantled.
During the Revolution, new educational institutions appeared in the capital - the Polytechnic School, the Higher Normal School, the Conservatory of Arts and Crafts. Many Parisian monasteries and churches were closed. According to the decision of the revolutionary Convention, the former royal residence of the Louvre was turned into National Museum, and the Botanical Garden was transformed into the Museum of Natural History.
Under Napoleon I (1804-1815), a number of monuments appeared, glorifying his military victories. Napoleon sought to give Paris an imperial character, to turn the city on the Seine into a kind of "second Rome". The architecture of this time is saturated with the spirit of antiquity. Techniques of ancient architecture are used in the architecture of the Arc de Triomphe, the Stock Exchange, the Madeleine Church, and the fountain on Chatelet Square. And although the emperor rarely lived in the capital, he cared about his main city and the conveniences of its inhabitants. Napoleon gave Paris two new bridges and an artificial canal Saint-Martin to supply water to the city's fountains.
When the Bourbons returned to power in 1814, urban development stagnated: neither Louis XVIII nor Charles X immortalized their memory in any way.
Everything changed during the Second Empire during the reign of Napoleon III (1852-1870). At that time, the contrast between the splendor and luxury of the squares, avenues, palaces of the center of the capital and the overcrowding, unsanitary condition of its old central quarters became especially noticeable. The ever-increasing traffic was literally suffocating in the winding, narrow streets of old Paris. Under such conditions, the redevelopment of Paris has become an urgent problem.
The police prefect of Paris, Baron Haussmann, together with the chief architect of the city A. Alfan and a whole group of design specialists, undertook to resolve it. Haussmann's plan boiled down to punching new wide highways in the historic buildings of Paris, suitable for the growing traffic. Among other things, this plan pursued special economic and even political goals: To engage in large-scale work the free hands that were available in abundance. Make it easier for the police to control the center of Paris in case of mass popular demonstrations, because it is not easy to erect barricades on wide and straight highways, but it is much more convenient to disperse demonstrations and use cavalry and artillery to restore order. After the revolutionary fighting in Paris in 1848, such considerations were not secondary to the chief of police. Eugene Osman spent nearly two decades trying to implement the main provisions of his plan.
During this time, 70 thousand buildings were built in the city, about 100 kilometers of new streets were laid. During this gigantic restructuring, 25,000 dilapidated houses were demolished, distorted historical appearance some streets and neighborhoods. This applies, first of all, to the cradle of Paris - the Ile de la Cité, where almost all the old houses were demolished.
Important transport arteries appeared in Paris (Rivoli Street, Strasbourg, Sevastopol, Saint-Michel and Saint-Germain boulevards). At the same time, squares appeared in the capital with avenues radially extending from them (Etoile Square, Republic Square), numerous squares and two huge parks - the Bois de Boulogne and the Bois de Vincennes (Parisians call them " green lungs Paris").
On the right bank, the largest food market Les Halles (“the womb of Paris”), the building of the Paris Grand Opera, the Sacré-Coeur Basilica and three large train stations were built. Haussmann's activities significantly changed the layout of Paris and its general architectural appearance. As a result, Paris in its central part received the appearance that is preserved in our time.
The principles of urban planning during the time of Napoleon III have not lost their relevance to this day: the height and dimensions of buildings are subject to a single law of uniformity, and since the middle of the 19th century. only a few exceptions to the rule were made. Thanks to this, Paris remains "flat".
Since the end of the 19th century, when world exhibitions came into fashion in Europe, some of them were held in Paris. The exhibitions served as an impetus for the construction of new facilities. Such structures were the Orsay Station (now it houses the Orsay Museum), the Trocadero Palace. The famous Eiffel Tower was erected for the 1889 World's Fair. It served as the entrance arch for the exhibition, which was planned to be dismantled after 20 years. But, "the most famous Parisian" remained in the city forever.
Then came the first World War, the consequences of which were very difficult for France. Then the Second World War and the occupation of Paris. These events relegated the problems of the improvement of the capital to the background. And only with the coming to power in 1958 of General Charles de Gaulle, changes began again in Paris. He sought to return to Paris the glory and splendor of a European capital.
At the direction of de Gaulle, the facades of the buildings were cleaned from centuries of soot. Paris literally "brightened". Charles de Gaulle came up with the idea of building an ultra-modern Défense quarter on the outskirts of Paris.
In the 60s, buildings built in the spirit of the latest architectural aesthetics began to intersperse into the historical buildings of Paris (House of Radio, the UNESCO building, the Palace of Congresses and other structures made of glass and metal).
Built in the 70s national center art named after Georges Pompidou. At the same time, measures were taken to protect historical heritage Paris: the Marais quarter was declared an architectural monument, restrictions were imposed on the construction of high-rise buildings. During the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995), a giant arch grew in the Défense quarter, a new building of the Paris Opera was built on Place de la Bastille, and a glass Pyramid appeared in the courtyard of the Louvre.
Come to this amazing city! The history of Paris is captured in its many architectural monuments, they breathe it old quarters and magnificent squares, narrow streets and wide avenues. Holidays in Paris will give you an amusing trip not only in space, but also in time.
