Sudetenland on the map of Europe. Sudetes. Eastern mountains of the Sudetenland. Charna Gora
SudetesWaterfall, Szklarska Poreba
Sudetenland (Polish and Czech Sudety, German Sudeten, Czech Krkonossko-jesenicka subprovincie / Krkonossko-jesenicka soustava) - mountains in Central Europe, on the territory of Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, stretching from the northwest to the southeast for 310 km. Height up to 1602 m (Mount Sniezka in the Karkonosze massif). In the southwest they border on the Czech massif. They are subdivided into the Western Sudetes (the main ranges are the Kaczava and Izersky mountains, the Lusatian mountains, the Karkonosze massif), the Middle Sudetes (the Eagle Mountains) and the Eastern Sudetes (Jeseniks).
Story
Main article: Sudetenland
The Sudetenland became widely known in connection with the national movement of the Sudeten Germans in interwar Czechoslovakia, which was used by Germany as a pretext for annexation. Sudetenland in 1938 as a result of the Munich Agreement, concluded to please Hitler by British Prime Minister Chamberlain and France Daladier.
Geology
The Sudetenland formed during the Paleozoic; composed of volcanic rocks, as well as gneisses, shales, granites. There are glacial landforms (mainly in the Karkonosze massif). Erosive landforms are rare. The slopes are steep.
Climate
The climate is moderate. In winter - stable snow cover. Below the slopes are covered with oak-beech forests, above - spruce-fir, which at an altitude of 1200-1300 m are replaced by shrubs and meadows. The Elbe, Odra and Morava rivers originate in the Sudetes.
High Sudetenland
The name High Sudetenland (Polish Wysokie Sudety, Czech Vysoke Sudety, German Hohe Sudeten) is common name for Karkonosze, Kralicky Sneznik and Hruby Jesenik.
Current state
Karkonosze National Park (on the territory of Poland and the Czech Republic). A lot of balneological resorts, tourism, skiing are developed (it has developed rapidly in the last ten years on the territory of the Karkonosze massif).
The Sudetes mountain range stretches from northwest to southeast across border areas Poland and Czech Republic. The Sudetes are divided into three regions, each of which includes several ridges. These are the Central, Western and Eastern Sudetes. In the Sudetes originate the river Morava.The formation of the Sudetes took place in the Paleozoic era. The oldest section of this mountain system can be seen in historical area Poland Lower Silesia, where the Sudetenland foothills are located.
From a geological point of view, the Sudetes represent an uplifted edge of the Bohemian mountain range. The Sudetes are composed mainly of granites, shales, volcanic rocks, and gneisses. In depressions, sedimentary rocks accumulated over time, including marls (rockfall rock), Cretaceous sandstones.
Due to the complex multi-layer structure of the Sudetes, they are distinguished by rich deposits of minerals, including silver, gold, antimony, iron and copper ores, zinc, and lead. There are also gems here.
Due to the softness of the rocks that make up the Sudetes, for many thousands of years the mountains have been exposed to shifting glaciers, evidence of centuries-old processes is the glacial relief with the characteristic steepness of the slopes and the smoothness of the peaks.
Between the Eastern Sudetes and the Western Beskids on the territory of modern Bohemia lies the mountain pass Moravian Gates, through which from ancient times passed trade route from Northern Europe to the South. Now for this old transport route roads and railways were built.
In the XX century. The historical border Czech Sudetenland, named after the Sudetenland located on its territory, was at the epicenter of political events. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the newly formed German Austria began to claim the Sudetenland that had ceded to Czechoslovakia, which had been compactly inhabited by Sudeten Germans from time immemorial.
In 1938, the Sudeten German Party provoked riots in the region, which allowed it to ask for help from the German authorities. As a result, the Sudetenland, or Sudetenland, was annexed by Germany and divided between itself and the administrative units of the Third Reich in the territory of the former Austria-Hungary. This was the first stage in the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, and subsequently this territorial conflict was seen as a herald of the Second World War. At the end of the latter, in 1945, the Sudeten Germans, who made up the majority local population, were expelled from the region, the region was ceded to Czechoslovakia.
healing mountains
The Sudetes are a mountain system that includes several ridges and massifs, which are separated from each other by tectonic depressions. The Sudetes are divided into Western, Middle and Eastern Sudetenland.There are many resorts in the Sudetenland, some of which include centuries of history. Now the Sudetes are known mineral springs and numerous ski slopes.
The history of the development of mountaineering in the Sudetes goes back many decades. In Poland, in the region of the Table Mountains - part of the Central Sudetenland - for the first time in the world, a tourism infrastructure for climbers, including small houses for travelers to stay. Over time, everything needed for skiing. Especially those who want to go mountain climbing or ride a skiing The attraction is that there are areas in the Sudetenland where even a beginner can get comfortable.
The Czech Sudetes stretch along the border historical region, whose border territories were once part of the Sudetenland. Nowadays, popular resorts are located here, famous for their healing hot springs and ski slopes. The center of the Bohemia region is the city.
There are many springs in the Sudeten Valley mineral water. In particular, on the northern slopes of the Sudetenland, not far from Polish Wroclaw, there are sources of carbonic, hydrocarbonate-calcium-sodium waters. Known from ancient times medicinal properties Kudowa waters, which are obtained from springs in the spa town of Kudowa-Zdrój, located at the foot of Parkova Gora in the Table Mountains. This is one of the oldest resorts Sudetes, founded in 1636: then the first baths were built in Kudowa-Zdrój, and subsequently noble persons came here for treatment.
Also, springs have been known since ancient times in the town of Ceplice Śląské Zdrój, which is now part of the town of Jelenia Góra. The first written references to local mineral water date back to the 13th century.
The nature of the Sudetes is represented by several altitudinal belts. Up to a height of 1200-1300 m, the mountain slopes are covered with belts, first of oak-beech, and then of spruce-fir forests, on high altitudes there are meadows, thickets of shrubs and peat bogs.
The highest among the Sudeten Ranges is the Krkonoše, territorially divided into Czech and Polish parts. It is to him that the highest point of the Sudeten Mountains belongs - the peak of Snezhka (1602 m). The Krkonoše is located on the watershed of the Elbe and Oder, and therefore separates the basins of the Baltic and North seas. There are many waterfalls in the Krkonoše region, the highest of which is the Lomnica waterfall in Poland, reaching 300 m.
In 1959, the Karkonosze National Park was created in the Krkonoše region on Polish territory. In 1992 it was merged with the neighboring Czech nature reserve Krkonoše, as a result formed transboundary reserve Biosphere UNESCO Krkonoše within the framework of the program "Man and the Biosphere". Birds feel the most spacious in the park: there are about two hundred species of them here. The number of mammal species living in the park reaches 60.
general information
Mountain system in Poland and the Czech Republic.Formation time: the Paleozoic era.
Languages: Polish, Czech.
Ethnic composition: Czechs, Poles, Sudeten Germans, Russians, Ukrainians.
Religion: Catholicism.
Monetary units: Czech koruna, Polish zloty.
Rivers originating in the Sudetes: Laba (Elbe), Odra, Morava.
Nearest airports: Wroclaw Airport im. Copernicus, Prague International Airport. Vaclav Havel, Pardubice Airport.
Numbers
Area: 49,739 km2.Length: 310 km.
highest point: Mount Snezhka (1602 m).
Climate and weather
January average temperature: -4 to -7°C.July average temperature: from +8 to +14°С.
Average annual rainfall: from 700 to 1400 mm.
Economy
Industry: mining (gold, iron ore, coal), precious stones.Service sector: tourism, medicine, transport.
■ In the Krkonoše national park you can see mouflons belonging to the genus of rams and being relatives of domestic sheep. European mouflons remained only on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, Asian mouflons settled down on a vast territory from Transcaucasia to mediterranean sea and northwest India. Moufflons were brought to the Krkonoše National Park in the last century.
■ Near Polish resort town Kudova-Zdroj in the town of Shchavno-Zdroj in July 1847, the Russian literary critic V. G. Belinsky wrote a “Letter to Gogol”, with which he replied to the writer’s just published book “Selected passages from correspondence with friends”.
■ The Toy Museum in Karpacz was created personally by the founder of the Wroclaw Pantomime Theater G. Tomaszewski. The exposition consisted of items from his private collection of dolls and toys.
■ One of the first stories of climbing Mount Snezhka dates back to 1456. Then, judging by written evidence, an unknown Venetian merchant set off on a journey who wanted to find deposits of precious stones.
■ In Nazi Germany, on October 18, 1938, the medal "In memory of October 1, 1938" was established. This award was awarded to participants who distinguished themselves during the campaign for the annexation of the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.
There are not so many places in Poland with which so many folk tales, legends and mysteries are associated. But just a few tens of kilometers from Wroclaw, surrounded by sloping plains and cultivated fields, like mythical giants prop up the sky mysterious Sudetenland- amazing mountain range on the border with the Czech Republic. From time immemorial this picturesque region The Commonwealth attracts many tourists who admire its beauty, folklore and mystical atmosphere that has come to us through the millennia.
Amazing mystical land.
Winter this year has so far pleased us with its usual aura. All the more reason to appreciate even the smallest manifestations of it, which are enough in the Sudetenland. And although we continue to enjoy the protracted warm autumn, we still shouldn’t give up the beauties of winter. Delov then! A good hour of driving from the southwest direction - and the winter kingdom of the Polish Sudetenland will appear before us in all its snow-white splendor.
Who gets up early - God gives him. Here we are, we will not deny ourselves the pleasure of admiring the snowy Sudeten foothills in all its pristine beauty, until the rays of the still quite warm sun filled this unique world with the sounds of a melting drop. morning journey through the forest edges, pastures and paths requires remarkable courage from us. Still would! Wake up no light, no dawn, quickly get together, have a bite to eat next, drink it with a mug of fragrant herbal tea and - go ahead! To the winter realm!
Winter has not forgotten about us. She just lingered in the Sudetenland.
The world around us froze motionless, wrapped in white frost. Ideal forms amaze our imagination. white silence mountain peaks, overgrown with forest, is so amazing that you can even see every branch on the pines, each unfallen leaf, forgotten in autumn. Nature, it would seem, respects the current situation - the mute grandeur of silence reigns around us and nothing can interfere with our rest from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
We quickly grab our cameras out of their cases. The winter weather in the Sudetenland is so unstable that the white sheets rarely survive until noon.
The world froze motionless, wrapped in a white veil.
We have a few hours of free time. In order not to lose them in vain, we immediately set off along the foggy path to the nearby peak of Kalenitsa. A "short" walk will take us only a couple of hours. And while the rest of the territory of Poland (with the exception, perhaps, of the highlands) is still enjoying the golden rays of the autumn sun and is not even going to prepare for a long winter, in the Sudetes we will already be able to fully appreciate all the charm mountain winters. Every thin stalk, every tree, every berry on a branch is given over to the power of Santa Claus. Tall firs, majestic oaks, curly birches and proud beeches - each tree has its own unique silhouette, and together they create a unique mosaic that opened up to us from one of the Sudeten peaks.
An amazing mosaic created by nature.
standing on observation platform, we confidently state that winter has come. And let those who have not yet had time to congratulate their friends on the first snow envy us.
Going down the mountain, we throw snowballs and even try to create some kind of snowman. But the weather takes its toll. The sun warmed up and small droplets begin to roll down from the branches of trees, filling the Sudetenland with a crystal chime. A few more weeks - and winter winds and frosts will reign in these parts. The Sudetenland will cover itself with snow at the most reluctant and will wait for spring, which will not come soon. In the meantime, we are only rejoicing at the first manifestations of the Polish winter and clicking the buttons of our cameras, hoping to preserve this winter miracle forever.
Winter has come!
The winter Sudetes are, of course, beautiful. But what else can this picturesque region provide us with, except for snow-covered landscapes? Let's forget for a while about the upcoming winter and take a walk along the Sudeten foothills in the rays of the autumn sun.
Not far from the town of Myslibozha there is an interesting stone formation, known as the Small Organ. This is the remains of an ancient basalt mine. Thanks to human hands, the middle part of the mouth of the long-extinguished volcano Ratay was opened. Frozen lava created unique creation, resembling organ pipes in shape (hence the name). The diameter of the pipes is about 30 cm, the height is more than 25 meters. The Small Myslibozh Organ is an undoubted landmark of the Polish Sudetenland.
A unique creation of nature, discovered by man.
Basaltova Gora (368 m above sea level) - perhaps the most mystical place throughout the Sudetenland. In pagan times, there was a sacred grove here. At the very top of the mountain, most likely, there was an ancient Slavic temple. When Poland adopted Christianity, the pagans who lived in the Sudetes opposed the new religion for a long time. Wroclaw Bishop Cyprian tried to eradicate the trash from these lands and ordered to burn the grove along with the magi living in it. Did it work, or did the Magi still manage to save their sacred place from destruction is not known for certain. But Bazaltova Gora still has some mystical power and attracts crowds of neo-pagans to its slopes.
Place of pagan power.
On one of the adjacent hills is lookout tower built in 1906. Its height is 10 meters. Of course, it is practically impossible to see the panoramas of the Polish Sudetenland from its top in summer - lush trees interfere. And here in early spring or in late autumn you can safely climb spiral staircase to the top of the tower and inspect ... except perhaps the people standing at its foot. Around the tower there are benches for rest and equipped special places for barbecue lovers. Despite everything, this place has a certain mystical atmosphere. Perhaps it hides some secret?
What can be seen from such a height?
In the Sudetes you will find many interesting nature reserves and landscape parks, admire the overgrown ruins of robber castles, see unique basalt mines. But all this - in the warm season and in good weather. And for us, the Sudetenland will always be associated with early winter - the mountain kingdom of hoarfrost and silence.
Mountain range in southwestern Poland and northern Czech Republic. A relatively small part is in Germany. The highest point is Sniezka (Śnieżka), 1602 m a.s.l. It extends from the Laba Valley to the Moravian Brama. From the south-east they end with an expressive ledge - the Sudeten bzhezhnye ledge (uskokiem sudeckim brzeżnym) - from the Sudeten Foothills. northern border with the Silesian-Lusatian Lowland on the line Złotoryja - Bolesławiec - Zgorzelec (Złotoryja - Bolesławiec - Zgorzelec) conditional.
Karkonosze
The highest mountain range of the Sudetes. Located on the border of Poland and the Czech Republic. The most high mountain- this is Snezka (1602 m a.s.l.)
Cities in Karkonosze:
On the Polish side
- Jelenia Gora
- Kowary
- Szklarska Poręba
- Krpacz (Karpacz)
- Podgorzyn
- Milkow
- Schchegny (Ściegny)
- Borowice
- Przesieka
On the Czech side
- Harrachov
- Vrchlabi
- Szpindlerowy Mlyn
- Pec pod Sněžkou
Tourism
Main tourist centers Karkanosha are: on the Polish side Jelenia Góra, Szklarska Poreba and Karpacz. Apart from beautiful scenery popular in Karkonosze medicinal waters and hospitals.
Izerskie Mountains
Mountains in the Czech Republic and Poland, part of the Western Sudetenland. In the west they end with Brama Zhytavskaya (Bramą Żytawską), the mountains are separated from Karkonosze by the Shklarsky Pass (Przełęczą Szklarską). Consists of mountain ranges from southwest to southeast. The main ones on the Polish side are:
- Ridge Kamenitsky (Grzbiet Kamienicki), Kamenitsa - 974 m a.s.l.,
- High Ridge (Wysoki Grzbiet), Vysoka Kopa - 1126 m a.s.l. - the highest point of the Izersky Mountains.
The Izersky Mountains are not very high, with gently sloping peaks.
Mountains Kachavsk
A mountain strip located in the southwestern part of Poland, in Silesia, in the northwestern part of the Sudetes, in the Western Sudetes.
- Length: about 30 km
- Average altitude: 600 m above sea level
- highest point: Skopiec (724 m a.s.l.)
Rudawy Yanowice
A mountain range located in the eastern part of the Western Sudetes, with an area of almost 90 km2.
To the north of the Kachav Mountains, they are separated by the Bobru valley. In the west it borders on the Elenegursky Basin, in the east on Brama Lyubavskaya (Kamenogursky Basin), and in the south through the Kovarsky Pass with the Lyasotsky Range in Karkonoshy.
Walbrzyskie mountains
Mountain range in the Central Sudetenland located in Poland. The highest point is Borova, 853 m a.s.l.
They stretch for 35 km from the northwest to the southeast, from the Bobru valley (doliny Bobru) to the Bystrzycy valley (doliny Bystrzycy). From the south through the Leska Valley (dolinę Leska) and the Walbrzyska Basin (Kotlinę Wałbrzyską) border on Stone Mountains(Górami Kamiennymi) and the Kamennogursky Basin (Kotliną Kamiennogórską,), and in the west with the Fox Mountains (Górami Lisimi), which are the Rudaw Janovitsky ridge (grzbietem Rudaw Janowickich). In the northwest, they extend right up to the Kachavsky Mountains (Gór Kaczawskich). In the north, they pass smoothly into the foothills of the Wałbrzyskie (Pogórze Wałbrzyskie), and in the east, in the Bystrzycy valley, they merge with the Owl Mountains (Górami Sowimi).
Stone Mountains
Mountain range in the Central Sudetenland (Sudetach Środkowych), stretching along the Polish-Czech border. To the east from the Karkonosze and Rudaw Janowskie (Karkonoszy i Rudaw Janowickich), to the south from the Walbrzyska and Owl Mountains, to the north from Zavoruw (Zaworów) and the Czech part of the Table Mountains (Gór Stołowych).
Owl Mountains
A mountain range in the Central Sudetes in the southwestern part of Poland on the territory of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. In the Owl Mountains, in addition to the main ridge, the Gabra Dzikowca massif (Garbu Dzikowca) and the Vyrenbinsky Uplands (Wzgórz Wyrębińskich) are distinguished.
Table Mountains
A mountain range in the Central Sudetes, at the junction with the Eastern Sudetes. Flat as a table slabs of chalky sandstone arranged horizontally, hence the name. The western part of the Table Mountains is located in the Czech Republic and is called Wyżyna Broumovska. In 1993, on the territory of the Table Mountains, a National Park Table Mountains.
Bardzkie Mountains
Mountain range in the Sudetes, stretched to the east in the Central Sudetes. 20 km long and 6 to 10 km wide, they stretch from the Silver Pass (Przełęczy Srebrnej) in the northwest to the Kłodzko Pass (Przełęcz Kłodzką) in the southeast. The Bardz Mountains are a topographic continuation of the Owl Mountains, from which they are separated by the Silver Pass.
Bystrzyckie Mountains
Mountain range in the Central Sudetes. Located in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. In the north it borders on the Table Mountains (Górami Stołowymi) and Dusznická Lowland (Obniżeniem Dusznickim), in the west on the Orlicky Mountains (Górami Orlickimi), separated from them by the Bystrzycy Dusznickiej and Dzikiej Orlicy valleys. The eastern border is marked by the Rów Górnej Nysy, near which the mountains descend in a steep tectonic slope, passing into the Top of Lomnica (Wysoczyznę Łomnicy). Most of The territory of the massif is located on the territory of Poland. On the territory of the Czech Republic, only a small piece in the southern part (south of Lesica). The Bystrzyckie Mountains are distinguished by a large forest cover. The area is sparsely populated. Because of the difficult conditions, the villages are falling into disrepair. Due to the not very expressive landscape, large forest cover, lack of accommodation for the night, the Bystrzyckie Mountains are not popular with tourists. They are of interest to persistent lovers of hiking and cycling. mountain walks looking for places free from crowds of tourists.
Eagle Mountains
The most high part The Central Sudetes are located in Poland and the Czech Republic. The highest point is Wielka Desztna, 1115 m a.s.l.
Snezhnik Massif
The highest mountain range in the Polish part of the Eastern Sudetenland, located on both sides of the Czech-Polish border, southeast of Kłodzk
Bialské Mountains
Dense mountain group in the Eastern Sudetes. According to the physiographic regionalization of Poland by E. Kondratsky, they are part of the Golden Mountains (Gór Złotych). Czech geographers also count, for whom "Rychlebské hory" extends from the Flat Pass (Przełęczy Płoszczyna) to the Ramzow Pass (Przełęczy Ramzowskiej). The Bialské Mountains are often included in the Snezhnik Massif as its northeastern part. Their beginning from the western side is considered the Ploshchina Pass (817 m above sea level), through which the Polish-Czech border passes. From the north and east, these mountains border on the Golden Mountains.
Golden Mountains
Mountain range in the Eastern Sudetes. They extend from the Kłodzko Pass (Przełęczy Kłodzkiej) in the northwest to the Ramzow Pass (Przełęczy Ramzowskiej) in the southeast and the pass between Pasieczna (Pasieczną) and Smerko (Smrekiem) in the south. The Ruzaniec Pass (Przełęcz Różaniec) (583 m a.s.l.) divides this massif into two parts: northwestern low and southeastern high.
Opava Mountains
This is a low mountain range located in the Eastern Sudetes. Most of them are in the Czech Republic. In Poland, there is a small northeastern territory of them in the Opolskie Voivodeship.
Cities in the Polish territory of the massif
- Prudnik
- Deaf people (Gluchołazy)
- Jarnołtówek
- Pokrzywna (Pokrzywna)
- Lonka Prudnicka
- Moschanka (Moszczanka)
- Trzebina
- Skrzypiec
- Dytmarow
- Krzyzkowice
- Dębowiec
- Opawice
- Lenarcice
- Red Field (Krasne Pole)
- Homonzha (Chomiąża)
- Petrowice
- Cermencice
- Pelgzymow (Pielgrzymow)
- Dobieszow
- Holuszowice
- Zopowy
- Toothbrush (Zubrzyce)
- Włodzienin
- Levice
- Bliszczyce
- Branice
This is a fragment of the Sudetes located in the territory of Poland far to the east.
The area of the Opava Mountains is often referred to as the Gorno-Selezki Mountain Nook (Górnośląski Zakątek Górski).
The highest point of the massif is on the Czech side - Příčný vrch (975 m above sea level).
- (Polish Czech Sudety, German Sudeten), mountains in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, framed with northeast Czech array. Length approx. 300 km, height up to 1602 m (Snezka in the Krkonose massif). Oak beech and coniferous forests, meadows. Resorts. Tourism… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Exist., number of synonyms: 1 mountain (52) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
- (Polish, Czech Sudety, German Sudeten), mountains in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, frame the Bohemian massif from the northeast. The length is about 300 km, the height is up to 1602 m (the town of Sniezka in the Krkonoše massif). Oak-beech and coniferous forests, meadows. Resorts. Tourism. * * *… … encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Polish, and Czech Sudety, German Sudeten) mountains in Western Europe, on the territory of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the GDR. They stretch from northwest to southeast for 310 km. They consist of separate ridges and massifs, separated by longitudinal tectopic depressions, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (Sudet Mountains, Sudetenland mountain system) in a broad sense, the geographical designation of a whole series in form and geological structure of extremely diverse mountain ranges and groups that stretch from the breakthrough formed by the Elbe to the southeast ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
- (Polish and Czech Sudety, German Sudeten), mountains in the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Extend from NW. to SE. for 300 km, framing from NE. Czech array. Consist of several parallel ridges; the highest part is the Krkonoše Mountains with highest point … Geographic Encyclopedia
Sudēta, Sudeti montes, τὰ Σούδητα όρη, German mountains, most West Side the present Sudetenland with the Ore and Lusatian mountains; see Germania, Germany... Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
Sudetenland- (Sudetes, Sudetic Mountains, German Sudeten, Polish and Czech Sudety)SudetesUdetic MountainsSudetenSudety, mountains, a series of mountain ranges with extensive deposits of coal and minerals on the border between Czech Republic and Poland, located between the Carpathians on ... Countries of the world. Dictionary
Mount Snezka in the Giant Mountains ... Wikipedia
Czech Republic, state in Eastern Europe. The name comes from the ethnonym Slavs, a tribe of Czechs known since the 5th century. In Rome. sources of the 1st century. n. e. referred to as Boigem (Boiohaemum) the country of the Boii (Boii Celt, tribe); from him. Bohemia (Bohmen) … Geographic Encyclopedia
Books
- Poland. Landscape and Architecture, Irena and Jerzy Kostrowicki. POLAND. LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE is an album-monograph in which the authors tell about the beauty of the landscape and the splendor of Polish architecture, about natural environment Poland, its history, development…
- Blockade of the brain, Viktor Shenderovich. I look at the world from under the table. The twentieth century is an extraordinary century. The more interesting a century is for a historian, the sadder it is for a contemporary ... "The paradoxical lines of Nikolai Glazkov are excellent ...
