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Sudetes from A to Z: map of hotels and ski areas, slopes and pistes, lifts and ski passes. Bright photos and videos. Reviews of ski tourists about the Sudetenland.

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The Sudetes are the second largest mountain system Poland. Its highest point is Mount Snezhka (1603 m) in the Krkonoše mountain range (Giant Mountains). More than a dozen resorts are open in the Sudetes - mountain climatic, balneological, and, of course, ski resorts. The most famous among them are the ski resorts Zelenets, Karpacz and Szklarska Poręba, the oldest Polish health resorts Cieplice-Sląske-Zdroj and Kudova-Zdrój, as well as Löndek-Zdrój, Polanica-Zdrój, Duszniki-Zdrój and Swieradow-Zdrój.

How to get there

The nearest airports are located in Warsaw and Wroclaw. Net railways connects Wroclaw with Szklarska Poreba and Kudowa-Zdrój. Trains arrive in Duszniki-Zdrój from Warsaw. There is no direct railway connection with Zelenets - you can get to the resort by taxi from Dushniki.

They go to Karpacz regular buses from Jelenia Góra (7-10 PLN, 1 hour). In July and August, daily buses connect Karpacz with Szklarska Poreba (15-23 PLN, 50 min). From Wroclaw there is a regular connection to Kudowa-Zdrój.

Prices on the page are for July 2018.

Search for flights to Warsaw (nearest airport to Sudetenland)

By car

Szklarska Poręba is easily accessible via the national road 3/E65, which connects northern and southern Europe. Highway E67, connecting Wrocław with Kudowa-Zdrój, and national road No. 8 lead to Zieleniec. Along the way, the cities of Łagiewniki, Ząbkowice-Śląskie, Kłodzko, Polanica-Zdrój, Duszniki-Zdrój flash by, immediately after which you should turn left from the E67 highway towards the Greens.

Resorts Sudetes

The Szklarska Poreba resort is located at the foot of the Szrenica mountain (1362 m) in the valley of the Kamenna river. The resort is located at an altitude of 440-886 meters above sea level between the Karkonose in the south and the Jizera Mountains in the west. Ski resort It is represented by 5 pistes with a total length of more than 20 km and 6 lifts located on the slopes of Mount Schrenica. One of the tracks with a length of 2080 m officially certified by the FIS for holding international ski competitions.

Zelenets is the largest ski resort in the valley of the Klodzko River, located at an altitude of about 950 m above sea level in the Orlicke Mountains. 30 lifts unite the local slopes into a single network with a total length of about 15 km.

The ski complex Karpacz is represented by 7 lifts, 6 slopes of varying difficulty and a springboard, which is used as an observation deck in summer.

Ski complex Karpacz

Treatment

The once independent resort town of Ceplice-Slańské-Zdrój has been a district of the town of Jelenia Góra since 1976 to the present day. healing springs Ceplice were known to the ancient Slavic tribes, but their discovery is attributed to Prince Boleslav the High. Documentary mention of Ceplice dates back to the second half of the 13th century. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. Ceplice hosted many eminent guests, including Johann Wolfgang Goethe, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III and his wife, John Quincy Adams, Hugo Kollontai, Jozef Wibicki and Princess Isabella Czartoryzska. The resort provides treatment for traumatic and orthopedic diseases, rheumatism, osteoporosis, as well as diseases of the nervous system, kidneys and urinary tract.

Kudowa-Zdrój is the oldest resort located at an altitude of 390-440 m above sea level at the foot of the Park Mountain in the chain of the Table Mountains. The first mention of Kudovskie waters dates back to 1636, when bathing facilities were built. Currently, 8 springs have been opened in Kudov, and clinics specialize in the treatment of diseases in the field of cardiology, pulmonology, endocrinology, overweight and the musculoskeletal system. Due to its location Kudowa - perfect place For hiking, cycling, and, moreover, is the starting point for exploring the nearby surroundings - Table and Orlické mountains.

A kilometer north of Kudova is an unusual chapel (Kaplica Czaszek), the walls and ceiling of which are decorated with human skulls and bones.

Nearby is the town of Wambezhyce, popular among pilgrims with the miraculous figure of Our Lady of Wambezhytsia, as well as the Baroque basilica.

Popular hotels in Sudetes

Entertainment and attractions Sudetenland

Karpacz is a typical mountain town located at the foot of the Śnieżka mountain. The resort is comfortably located in the wide valley of the Lomnica River at an altitude of 480-885 meters above sea level. The central axis of Karpacz is a street that stretches for 7 km to the Bierutowicka pass, located at an altitude of 820 meters. In the center of the resort is the Museum of Sports and Tourism, the exposition of which is dedicated to the places of pagan worship, treasure hunts and the activities of laboratory assistants and herbalists. And in the city Toy Museum there is a collection of dolls and toys of the founder of the Wroclaw Mime Theater Henryk Tomaszewski. And, nevertheless, the main trump card of Karpacz is sports tourism.

Giant Mountains

Krkonose National Park

On the territory of the Krkonoše there is a national park of the same name, founded in 1959. The park covers an area of ​​55 sq. km, of which 17 km² are under strict protection. Most of park, about 33 sq. km, consists of forest. In 1992, the Polish Krkonoše Park, together with the neighboring Czech National Park, founded in 1963, were recognized by UNESCO as biosphere reserve within the framework of the program "Man and the Biosphere".

The Krkonoše lies on the watershed of two rivers, the Elbe and the Oder, thus dividing the basins of the Baltic and North seas. Many streams and streams originate in the park, forming entire waterfalls, the largest of which is located in the Polish part of the park - this is the Lomnichka waterfall, falling from a 300-meter height. About 200 bird species and 60 mammal species inhabit the park; There are 2 species of fish, 6 species of amphibians and 6 species of reptiles. Moufflons brought here at the beginning of the 20th century give a special attraction to the park.

For tourists in the Krkonoše, 112 km of footpaths, 10 lifts and 12 guest houses are equipped. The "headquarters" of the park is based in the city of Jelenia Góra.

healing mountains

general information

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Climate and weather

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■ In the Krkonoše national park you can see mouflons belonging to the genus of rams and being relatives of domestic sheep. European mouflons remained only on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, Asian mouflons settled down on a vast territory from Transcaucasia to mediterranean sea and northwest India. Moufflons were brought to the Krkonoše National Park in the last century.
■ Near Polish resort town Kudova-Zdroj in the town of Shchavno-Zdroj in July 1847, the Russian literary critic V. G. Belinsky wrote a “Letter to Gogol”, with which he replied to the writer’s just published book “Selected passages from correspondence with friends”.
■ The Toy Museum in Karpacz was created personally by the founder of the Wroclaw Pantomime Theater G. Tomaszewski. The exposition consisted of items from his private collection of dolls and toys.
■ One of the first stories of climbing Mount Snezhka dates back to 1456. Then, judging by written evidence, an unknown Venetian merchant set off on a journey who wanted to find deposits of precious stones.
■ In Nazi Germany, on October 18, 1938, the medal "In memory of October 1, 1938" was established. This award was given to participants who distinguished themselves during the annexation campaign. Sudetenland Czechoslovakia.

For those who do not know about the events leading up to World War II, I am publishing these materials. He who forgets history, the past, loses his future.

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The mass settlement of the Sudetenland by Germans, which occupied the western, southwestern and northwestern parts of the Czech Republic, began after the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.

After 300 years - in 1930, there were already about 3.2 million Sudeten Germans (German: Sudetendeutsche), that is, 22.3% of the population of the Czechoslovak Republic. Look at this linguistic map (pictured) of Czechoslovakia in 1930 - the settlement of ethnic Germans is indicated in blue.

As a result of the First World War, the Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up into a number of independent states and the Sudetenland was ceded to Czechoslovakia, proclaimed at the end of October 1918, since historically it was an integral part of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

The independence of Czechoslovakia within its borders, which included the Sudetenland, was approved by the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty in the autumn of 1919. However, over the next decades, the Sudeten Germans did not fully accept this state of affairs. The idea of ​​separating their lands from Czechoslovakia with their subsequent entry into Germany did not lose its relevance in the circles of radical nationalist organizations in the region.

These separatist sentiments intensified sharply after Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany.

Hitler began secretly subsidizing the Sudeten German Party, led by Konrad Henlein (1898-1945, committed suicide in American captivity by cutting his veins with glasses from glasses).

The 1935 elections were a shock to many in Czechoslovakia - the Sudeten German Party received 64% of the German vote at the first attempt.

After the Anschluss of Austria, it was a convenient moment for Hitler to "tear off" the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

On March 28, 1938, Henlein and Hitler at a joint meeting developed a program for the creation of the Sudeten Autonomy. But, since both knew that the Czechs would not voluntarily agree to this, they decided to stage a wave of violence in the Sudetenland.

By the autumn of 1938, the situation in the region had, in fact, acquired the character of a civil war. Thousands of young Germans fled to the Reich, where they were taught military and sabotage, armed and formed detachments of the volunteer corps. Its purpose was to terrorize the Czechoslovak public institutions and the Czech population of the Sudetenland, the implementation of sabotage and provocations on the border.

The Sudeten German Party PROVOKED large-scale riots in the regions of Czechoslovakia bordering Germany and turned to the leadership of the Third Reich for help.

The German newspapers raised a deafening noise about the oppression of the Sudeten Germans by the Czechs and the need for their release.

This gave grounds to Reich Chancellor Hitler to appeal to the Reistag with an appeal "to pay attention to the appalling living conditions of German brethren in Czechoslovakia." Units of the Wehrmacht began to move towards the German-Czechoslovak border.

Thus, Hitler did not look like an aggressor seeking to swallow up a neighboring state, but as a defender of national minorities - a "consanguineous" German and Slovak from the oppression of the Czech "oppressors."

The fact is that the Achilles' heel of Czechoslovakia was the national question. The Czechs who ruled the state made up a little more than half of the population, while the second largest group of the population were the Sudeten Germans - 25%. Only 18% of the inhabitants were Slovaks.

To be fair, not all Sudeten Germans supported Hitler. Among them were sane social democrats. They created detachments to protect various objects from attacks and pogroms by supporters of the Reich.

If the "Henleinists" were gaining more and more popularity under the slogans of national unity, then the SDECs called on their supporters to rally around Czechoslovakia as a democratic state. Moreover, literally in front of their eyes, thousands of their ideological comrades-in-arms were sent to concentration camps and prisons in the Reich ...

The leader of the German SDP, Wenzel Jaksch (1896-1966), urged fellow citizens to be prudent: "Civil peace is on the agenda. Let's not say that some people are demons, while others are angels. Regardless of whether Czech or German mother gave birth to us, let's not forget that we are all human, let's not let artificially generated clouds flood our land with the poison of hatred"

Naturally, the growth of tension in the region caused concern both in the West and in the East.
France, Great Britain and the USSR tried, each in their own way, to contain Germany. But throughout the spring and summer of 1938, the initiative remained in the hands of Hitler, who set himself a clear goal - the destruction of Czechoslovakia. At the same time, thanks to intelligence, he had the opportunity to read the diplomatic correspondence of England, France and Czechoslovakia and was aware of all their plans. Most importantly, the Fuhrer was sure that England and France would not dare to support the "oppressors" - the Czechs by force, and would not be able to oppose the "noble" position of Germany. Hitler's propaganda worked to its full potential, the Fuhrer did not spare any funds for this project of "returning his lands".

He created a kind of "ideological trap". Just as in 1933 Hitler used the democratic electoral mechanism to establish the Nazi dictatorship, so in 1938 he DESTROYED THE EUROPEAN SECURITY SYSTEM using the democratic slogan of the right of nations to self-determination.

Hitler also had another "secret weapon". He invited Poland and Hungary, which had territorial claims to Czechoslovakia, to take part in the division of the "Czech inheritance". Admiral Miklós Horthy (1868-1957), Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, was directly told by Hitler: "If you want to eat, help cook." The Poles, on the other hand, who, in the event of the destruction of Czechoslovakia, were in danger of becoming the next victim of Nazi aggression, were not averse to getting the Czech region of Tesin.

In defense of Czechoslovakia could speak Soviet Union who had an agreement on mutual assistance with Prague. But, ironically, President Edvard Beneš (1884-1948) personally insisted that the treaty only come into force if France were on the side of Czechoslovakia. Taking France out of the game, Hitler believed that he was automatically taking the USSR out of the game, which, moreover, had no common borders with Czechoslovakia.

However, Stalin had his own plans. In August, he invited the commander of the Czechoslovak Air Force, General Faifr, to Moscow and promised him 700 fighters even before the German attack began. From the Romanians they even got an agreement to close their eyes to the flight of this armada over their country. In case Poland decides to stab the Czechs in the back, as Hitler planned, the USSR was going to terminate the non-aggression pact with Warsaw and attack the Poles. With such a development of events, Stalin would have captured the entire Eastern Europe, hiding behind the slogan of protecting the "Czech brothers".

The President of Czechoslovakia did not dare to take this step. But, as many historians believe, not for ideological reasons, but simply because he did not believe in the strength of the Red Army, weakened by the bloody purges of 1937-38.

The Germans did not believe in the combat capability of the army either. True, not someone else's army, but their own. More precisely, it was not Hitler who doubted the strength of the Wehrmacht, but his generals. Hitler hoped that the Czechs would not be able to put up a long resistance and that he, having quickly captured Prague, would present Paris and London with a fait accompli. However, the data of the Chief of the General Staff, General Ludwig Beck (1880 - 1944, one of the organizers of the assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944. - I.Sh.) spoke of something else. The Czechs created a fortification system in the Sudetenland that was in no way inferior to the French Maginot Line, and their army became one of the strongest in Europe. Therefore, General Beck believed that the operation in the Sudetenland would drag on and turn into a world war.

Hitler, however, ousted Beck, and ordered the troops to prepare for an attack on Czechoslovakia by the end of September. The Fuhrer was not even convinced by the deplorable result of the maneuvers, during which a training attack was carried out on a copy of one of the Czech fortified areas. It became obvious that the losses of the Germans during the assault on the Sudetenland would be huge.

Hitler rebuffed his dejected generals. He "wound up" on September 12, 1938, during a speech to hundreds of thousands of Nazis at a party congress in Nuremberg.

This speech was a response to the decision of Beneš, who unexpectedly agreed on September 5 to fulfill all the demands of the Sudeten Germans. True, the Sudetenland, having received autonomy, was supposed to remain part of Czechoslovakia. But the Fuhrer did not like the disappearance of comfortable camouflage.

Speaking in Nuremberg, Hitler shouted about the justice of the "sacred cause of the Sudeten Germans", threatened some dark forces, but did not specify a single demand. The Nuremberg speech was the signal for an uprising in the Sudetenland. The first victims appeared, and Prague was forced to introduce martial law.

Hitler immediately declared that he would not tolerate the "crimes" of the Czechs and would solve the matter by force.
September 15, British Prime Minister Chamberlain (1869 - 1940) rushed to Germany to meet with the "troublemaker of European peace." Chamberlain was in such a hurry that for the first time he risked using an airplane. Chamberlain succeeded in obtaining from Hitler only a vague agreement not to start a war if the dispute was resolved on the basis of the principle of self-determination of nations. However, this meeting was of major psychological significance: Chamberlain believed that he had a personal influence on the Fuhrer.

When the prime minister returned to London, he literally forced Czechoslovakia to hand over to the Third Reich those areas of the Sudetenland where the Germans made up more than half of the population. Moreover, there was a moment when, having enlisted the support of Moscow, Beneš officially refused to be led by London. But at 5 o'clock in the morning on September 21, Benes' resistance was broken and he agreed to the division of the country.

The next day, the triumphant Chamberlain was back in Germany. In Bad Godesberg, on the outskirts of Bonn, he "reported" his progress. However, to the indignation of the Englishman, Hitler said that none of this mattered. It occupies all the Sudetenland, no matter where one lives, and the issue of borders will be decided by a referendum. The Fuhrer shouted that while they were talking here, blood was shed in the Sudetenland, and only the German army could protect the "innocent". In the end, he "thawed out" and promised that, having received the Sudetenland, Germany would no longer have territorial claims in Europe. It was a brazen blackmail, but Chamberlain, contrary to common sense, again believed Hitler.

But Her Majesty's ministers were not inclined to let Hitler lead them by the nose. They agreed with France that they would no longer "pressure" the Czechs and made a statement that England would support France and the USSR if they decided to protect Czechoslovakia from a German invasion. In response, Hitler sent an ultimatum to the Czechs: either they leave the Sudetenland before 2 p.m. on September 28, or war begins. Here is an excerpt from perhaps Hitler's most incendiary speech. It was recited at the Berlin Sports Palace and broadcast throughout the country:

“I offered Beneš my conditions and all he has to do is fulfill them, especially since he has already accepted them. Peace or war - now it depends only on him. He must accept our conditions, give the Germans freedom, or we will take it ourselves. I I will be the first in the ranks of German soldiers."

Such a burden of responsibility literally crushed Chamberlain. At this moment, an ally appeared on the stage - Hitler's rival Italian Duce Benito Mussolini (1883 - 1945). Initially, he supported Hitler's aspirations in his plans for Czechoslovakia, but demanded for this part of the former Austrian territory in the Alps. However, then he felt his chance to become a "European broker" in the big game and took the pose of a peacemaker.

At the end of September 1938, on the initiative of Chamberlain, a conference of the "big four" was convened to resolve the "Sudet question". The leaders of Italy, Germany, Great Britain and France, at the insistence of Hitler, arrived in Munich. The Fuhrer took full advantage of the pitiful sight of the victors of the First World War, who, at his request, literally rushed to the "capital of the Nazi movement" to accept HIS conditions for the surrender of the Czechs. French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier (1884-1970) looked especially pitiful. Hitler deliberately ignored him and only addressed Chamberlain. Daladier's proposal to invite the Czechs to the conference was indignantly rejected by the Fuhrer. The Czech delegation just sat in a Munich hotel, wondering: what will they do with their homeland?

Mussolini played the role of leader of the conference, if only because he alone knew foreign languages and could personally explain himself to all the participants in the negotiations. In the end, Hitler got what he demanded at Bad Godesberg. To save face, the French and British insisted on a few formal concessions on the part of the Germans, which, as Mussolini had predicted, Hitler later "drowned" in diplomatic delays. Received a "piece of Czechoslovakia" and Poland and Hungary.

The Munich Declaration was signed at five in the morning on September 30, and the next day German troops occupied the Sudetenland without resistance. locals they met their "liberators" with flowers (pictured), and in Germany itself, on this occasion, they staged "mass rejoicings" of the German people. Hitler, of course, did not hold any referendum. In the spring of 1939, he generally erased Czechoslovakia from the map of Europe. The Czechs were completely defenseless - after all, all their fortifications in the Sudetenland were occupied by the Wehrmacht in 1938.

This is how the return of the Sudetes to their "historical homeland" took place in a nutshell.

Whether the participation of the USSR described above in this matter (including the 700 fighter planes promised by Stalin and Beneš's refusal to help) is RELIABLE or fiction - we still do not know ..., the archives of the NKVD-KGB are classified.
On this topic, we find the following passages in the book of the American historian (of Czech origin) Igor Lyukesh "Czechoslovakia between Hitler and Stalin":

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"... The mobilization, announced on the evening of September 23, was completed. Now the question was whether Czechoslovakia had any allies left. Considering the sentiments expressed by Chamberlain in his last speech, and the almost complete absence of contacts with Paris, Benes had to turn again to To the Soviet Union During September 27-28, Prague established various additional channels of communication with Moscow, and on the 28th Beneš asked for direct Soviet assistance in case of war. ) cabled from Moscow at 4:10 pm that "the President's request for immediate air support has been forwarded". Fierlinger expressed hope that the response would be favorable. Beneš decided to ask the Kremlin for a second time for unilateral support, at least in the air. The telegram shows that Beneš was determined to defend Czechoslovakia with weapons...

At approximately 22:00 on September 29, Beneš received a message from Fierlinger, who wrote that according to Potemkin's reply (Vladimir Petrovich, 1874-1946, First Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs. - I.Sh.), if Hitler attacked Czechoslovakia, "the procedure in Geneva (in the League of Nations. - I.Sh.) can be short, as soon as powers are found that are ready to resist the aggressor." This was the Kremlin's response to Beneš's request for "immediate air assistance", transmitted by him on the morning of the 28th...
Now, when Beneš most of all needed a Soviet ally, he discovered that the Red Army WILL NOT GO (emphasis mine. - I.Sh.) against the Wehrmacht. Instead, the Kremlin suggested that he take his problem to the League of Nations. It is noteworthy that on the same days the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia distributed leaflets with the following content: "According to completely reliable reports, the Soviet Union is determined to help Czechoslovakia in any case and at any moment, as soon as we are attacked. The Soviet Union is unshakably with us" ...

Just before the meeting with representatives of the coalition parties on September 30, after receiving the terms of the Munich Agreement, at 09:30, Benes tested his last chance. He called Aleksandrovsky (Sergey Sergeevich, 1889 - 1945, Plenipotentiary Representative of the USSR in Czechoslovakia. - I.Sh.) and told him that Great Britain and France sacrificed Czechoslovakia to Hitler. The country now had to choose between war with Germany (in which case the Western Allies would declare the Prague government the warmonger and perpetrator) or surrender. Under these circumstances, Beneš asked the Soviet ambassador to find out in Moscow as soon as possible how the Soviets viewed the situation. Should Czechoslovakia go to war or capitulate?

Aleksandrovsky was in no hurry to send the question to Moscow, and later described this episode as Beneš's "cry of agony". Aleksandrovsky did not even forward Benes' urgent question to Moscow. At 10:30 without doing anything for an hour soviet ambassador went to the Presidential Castle in his black Packard limousine to find out what was going on. He did not meet with Beneš, but he collected bits of information from his staff...

The government meeting ended at noon, and ... only 15 minutes before that, the Soviet embassy sent to Moscow that critical question received at 09:30. At noon Aleksandrovsky was still at the Castle. At 12:20 the Czechoslovak embassy in Moscow called that there was "no news," and ten minutes later Croft's minister Great Britain and France - I.Sh.), that Czechoslovakia accepts the Munich Diktat. The Soviet embassy that day sent a second telegram to Moscow at 13:40, informing the Kremlin that Beneš had accepted the Munich Agreement and that the Soviet response was no longer expected...

On October 3, 1938, President Beneš received a telegram from Fierlinger in Moscow. It said that the Kremlin criticized the decision of the Czechoslovak government to capitulate, and that the Soviet Union would have come to the aid of Czechoslovakia "under any circumstances." This message was received and decoded by the Czechoslovak Ministry of Foreign Affairs at 02:00 on October 3, i.e. 61 hours after Prague accepted the Munich dictatorship and at least 36 hours after the Czechoslovak army withdrew from the fortified line on the border ... After all was said and done, Prague received platonic expressions of sympathy from Moscow, carefully planned according to time..."

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Whether this was really so - whether Stalin deliberately "prodinamy" Czechoslovakia or not ..., whether Beneš fought in our offices like a fish on ice - future historians have yet to figure it out when the archives are opened ...

In the first days after the occupation of the Sudetenland, about 20 thousand opponents of Hitler were arrested, some of them were released after some time, the rest went to jail.

A YEAR AFTER THE OCCUPATION OF THE SUDETAN REGION, THE SECOND WORLD WAR BEGAN.

After the end of World War II and the victory over Hitler, the Sudeten Germans were expelled from Czechoslovakia. The Sudeten question began to look completely different ...

REVERSE REVERSE BEGINS. EVIL BECOMES EVIL!

In the middle of 1945, a few weeks after the surrender, the situation of the Sudeten Germans was presented as follows: a significant part of them were expelled (pictured), the second part still remained in the apartments and houses in which they lived at the end of the war, the third, a significant part of the Germans were placed in camps, which the Prague authorities first called concentration camps, and then renamed internment camps, labor camps and assembly camps.

In the camps, the Czechs introduced a system of torture and arbitrary killings (pictured). Most often, the commandants of the camps were appointed Czechs who suffered from the National Socialists in concentration camps sometimes they were criminals. Some quenched their thirst for revenge, others - hatred for the Germans, even for the mentally deranged and for those already affected by the war. The Czechs put in their camps those Germans who were released from American or Russian captivity in the prescribed manner and sent home. They were taken off the trains, arrested in their apartments, their release documents were torn up and sent to forced labor.

In the Theresienstadt camp, where the SS kept imprisoned Jews during the war, the Czechs now housed the Germans. Among the people who suffered in 1945 in Theresienstadt from the Czech authorities, there was also one Jew. He wrote about the Germans, who were now tortured in the same place where his fellow believers were subjected to terror and destruction: “Definitely, among them there were some delinquents during the occupation. But many, including children and adolescents, were locked up here only because that they were Germans, just because they were Germans?...

The sentence sounds eerily familiar; only the word "Jews" is replaced by "Germans". From camps and towns, Czech enterprises, Czech authorities and Czech peasants received the cheapest labor they ever had: German women, German men and children over 14 years old. The Germans were built in rows, then peasants and business leaders appeared. They examined the physique, felt the muscles, often even looked into the mouths of men and women to determine the state of health by their teeth, and then took people away to hard work.

German women and children weeded fields, spudded beets and potatoes, harvested crops, ground grain into cereals, worked in damp and cold, in torn clothes and most often without shoes. Czech owners often did not give them bread, drove them to exhaustion, and some peasants sent people to the pig barn for the night, who worked for them all day. Many Germans, who were brought to the camp after their day's work, slept on rotten straw with their clothes on, and many had no coat or blanket to keep them warm at night. The lawlessness of the Germans, their humiliation and suppression were not limited only to the summer of 1945. They continued for a long time. In many places from which the Germans had already been expelled, the Czechs eradicated any memory that the Germans had once lived here.

Gravestones with German names were removed from cemeteries, gravestones were smashed with crowbars, crypts where the ashes of the Germans rested were demolished. In the autumn and winter of 1945, thousands of Sudeten Germans wanted to save at least part of their personal property from the Czechs and send it abroad to Bavaria. But this was only possible for those people who lived in towns and villages along the border, knew all the roads and paths, forests and nooks and crannies...

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These are the human tragedies for the whole world that seemingly well-intentioned and supposedly justified decisions of the leader of the state, supported by their own people (Goebbels' propaganda worked perfectly), can turn into human tragedies. We need a global mechanism to protect against such "maniacs".

HUMANITY SHOULD NOT BE A HOSTAGE OF PSYCHO-SEXUAL PROBLEMS OF ONE PERSON!!!

Reviews

Excellent article!
A lot of information that I had not suspected before (For example, that Stalin could simply "dynamize" the Czechs). Of course, we sincerely mourn the victims of Hitlerism. But, we must not forget that Czechoslovakia was one of the important and reliable parts of the Hitler's military-industrial complex. Here is what S. Drozdov wrote about this: Czech enterprises produced quite a few Hetzer flamethrower tanks and self-propelled guns with a 150-mm sIG 33 infantry gun, almost two hundred ARVs. And in the years 1944-45, our tank guys in their “thirty-fours” burned in thousands from the fire of this armored vehicles, created on their own initiative by wonderful Czech engineers and workers ....
It was thanks to the military-industrial complex, which worked for Nazi Germany, and was geographically inaccessible for the bombing of the Allies, that during the war the Czechs did not starve, and in general they did not know the need for anything, because. received all types of allowances at the level of German citizens. It is clear that in spite of this, the Nazis did not spare the Jews and political opponents. There were death camps for them in Czechoslovakia. But there was no such terror as in other countries occupied by the German fascists. And only the assassination of Heydrich (performed, by the way, by saboteurs - Czechs by nationality, but trained in England), changed this "state of affairs", causing "retaliatory repressions" in Czechoslovakia: the genocide in Lidice, acts of terror against innocent citizens in Prague, etc. places. It should be noted that the history of the Israeli Air Force began in the 1930s in Palestine, when summer school under the name "Aviron". However, the Israeli Air Force became a truly military force only after the acquisition of 25 Czech-made Messerschmitt fighters in the S-199 modification. Czechoslovakia was one of the countries where the first German jet fighter Me 262 remained in service with the army, almost until the beginning of the 60s, the production of which was mastered by the industry of Czechoslovakia for the needs of Germany, back in the years of the Second World War. The German uranium project was largely based on uranium, which in 1938 Germany received at its disposal by capturing the uranium mines of Czechoslovakia.

Seems cautionary tale and with the League of Nations, from where the USSR simply "survived" (very similar to the situation with European Union and the Council of Europe, emerging today for the Russian Federation). The helplessness of the League of Nations in solving the problems of the Czechoslovak crisis was obvious. Stalin, perfectly understanding this, Benes, who at the last moment before the annexation of the territory of the Czech Republic by Hitler turned to the USSR with a request for help, mockingly sent for help to the League of Nations. The fact that Stalin did not forget the slap in the face for the USSR (withdrawal from the League of Nations) is natural. And for this, in the end, everyone paid a terrible price. Except for the United States, which has earned immeasurably more than it has lost.
By the way, how was the territorial dispute between Germany and the Czech Republic resolved? After all, he is still "warmed up" by the extremists of the FRG.

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SudetesWaterfall, Szklarska Poreba

Sudetes (Polish and Czech Sudety, German Sudeten, Czech Krkonossko-jesenicka subprovincie / Krkonossko-jesenicka soustava) are mountains in Central Europe, in Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, stretching from northwest to southeast for 310 km. Height up to 1602 m (Mount Sniezka in the Karkonosze massif). In the southwest they border on the Czech massif. They are subdivided into the Western Sudetes (the main ranges are the Kaczava and Izersky mountains, the Lusatian mountains, the Karkonosze massif), the Middle Sudetes (the Eagle Mountains) and the Eastern Sudetes (Jeseniks).

Story

Main article: Sudetenland

The Sudetenland became widely known in connection with the national movement of the Sudeten Germans in interwar Czechoslovakia, which was used by Germany as a pretext for the annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938 as a result of the Munich Agreement, concluded to please Hitler by the British Prime Ministers Chamberlain and France Daladier.

Geology

The Sudetenland formed during the Paleozoic; composed of volcanic rocks, as well as gneisses, shales, granites. There are glacial landforms (mainly in the Karkonosze massif). Erosive landforms are rare. The slopes are steep.

Climate

The climate is moderate. In winter - stable snow cover. Below the slopes are covered with oak-beech forests, above - spruce-fir, which at an altitude of 1200-1300 m are replaced by shrubs and meadows. The Elbe, Odra and Morava rivers originate in the Sudetes.

High Sudetenland

The name High Sudetenland (Polish Wysokie Sudety, Czech Vysoke Sudety, German Hohe Sudeten) is common name for Karkonosze, Kralicky Sneznik and Hruby Jesenik.

Current state

Karkonosze National Park (on the territory of Poland and the Czech Republic). A lot of balneological resorts, tourism, skiing are developed (it has developed rapidly in the last ten years on the territory of the Karkonosze massif).

- (Polish Czech Sudety, German Sudeten), mountains in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, framed with northeast Czech array. Length approx. 300 km, height up to 1602 m (Snezka in the Krkonose massif). Oak-beech and coniferous forests, meadows. Resorts. Tourism… Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 mountain (52) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

- (Polish, Czech Sudety, German Sudeten), mountains in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, frame the Bohemian massif from the northeast. The length is about 300 km, the height is up to 1602 m (the town of Sniezka in the Krkonoše massif). Oak-beech and coniferous forests, meadows. Resorts. Tourism. * * *… … encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Polish, and Czech Sudety, German Sudeten) mountains in Western Europe, on the territory of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the GDR. They stretch from northwest to southeast for 310 km. They consist of separate ridges and massifs, separated by longitudinal tectopic depressions, ... ... Big soviet encyclopedia

- (Sudet Mountains, Sudeten mountain system) in a broad sense, the geographical designation of a whole range in form and geological structure of extremely diverse mountain ranges and groups that stretch from the breakthrough formed by the Elbe to the southeast ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

- (Polish and Czech Sudety, German Sudeten), mountains in the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Extend from NW. to SE. for 300 km, framing from NE. Czech array. Consist of several parallel ridges; the highest part is the Krkonoše Mountains with highest point … Geographic Encyclopedia

Sudēta, Sudeti montes, τὰ Σούδητα όρη, German mountains, most West Side the present Sudetenland with the Ore and Lusatian mountains; see Germania, Germany... Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

Sudetenland- (Sudetes, Sudetic Mountains, German Sudeten, Polish and Czech Sudety)SudetesUdetic MountainsSudetenSudety, mountains, a series of mountain ranges with extensive deposits of coal and minerals on the border between Czech Republic and Poland, located between the Carpathians on ... Countries of the world. Dictionary

Mount Snezka in the Giant Mountains ... Wikipedia

Czech Republic, state in Eastern Europe. The name comes from the ethnonym Slavs, a tribe of Czechs known since the 5th century. In Rome. sources of the 1st century. n. e. referred to as Boigem (Boiohaemum) the country of the Boii (Boii Celt, tribe); from him. Bohemia (Bohmen) … Geographic Encyclopedia

Books

• Poland. Landscape and Architecture, Irena and Jerzy Kostrowicki. POLAND. LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURE is an album-monograph in which the authors tell about the beauty of the landscape and the splendor of Polish architecture, about natural environment Poland, its history, development…
• Blockade of the brain, Viktor Shenderovich. I look at the world from under the table. The twentieth century is an extraordinary century. The more interesting a century is for a historian, the sadder it is for a contemporary ... "The paradoxical lines of Nikolai Glazkov are excellent ...