What is the name of the deepest trench on earth. The deepest place in the ocean and interesting facts about it

Where is the deepest place on Earth? How far is it from the center of the earth? If you put Everest there, will it rise above the surface of the Earth?
Today we will deal with the deepest places, holes, wells, caves, wells in the world, natural and man-made

1.8 meters

Graves are usually dug at this depth. It is from this depth that the zombies will come out when the time comes.

Here are famous Paris catacombs- a network of winding underground tunnels and artificial caves near Paris. The total length, according to various sources, is from 187 to 300 kilometers. Since the end of the 18th century, the remains of almost six million people have been buried in the catacombs.

40 meters

The Hotel Terme Millepini in Italy has adopted this bold strategy by digging a 40-metre-deep tunnel for divers and scuba divers. This is the Y-40 pool. The most interesting aspect of the Y-40 deepest pool is that it is filled with thermal water and has a wonderful temperature of 33 degrees Celsius.

105.5 meters

This is the depth of the Arsenalnaya Kyiv metro station, which is located on the Svyatoshynsko-Brovarskaya line between the Khreshchatyk and Dnepr stations. This is the deepest metro station in the world.

122 meters

The roots of the tree can penetrate to such a depth. The tree with the deepest roots is a wild ficus growing in Echo Caves near Ohrigstad, South Africa. This tree is native to South Africa. Its roots go to a depth of almost 122 meters.

230 meters

The deepest river This is the Congo, a river in Central Africa. IN downstream Congo breaks through the South Guinea Upland in a deep narrow (in some places no more than 300 meters) gorge, forming Livingston waterfalls (total fall 270 meters), the depths in this section are 230 meters or more, which makes the Congo the most deep river in the world.

240 meters

This is a railway tunnel Seikan Tunnel in Japan with a length of 53.85 km. The tunnel descends to a depth of about 240 meters, 100 meters below the seabed. It is the deepest under the seabed and the second longest (after the Gotthard Base Tunnel) railway tunnel in the world.

287 meters

Even deeper is the Eiksund Road Tunnel, laid along the bottom of the Sturfjord in the Norwegian province of Møre og Romsdal, connecting the cities of Eiksund and Rjanes. Construction began in 2003, the opening ceremony took place on February 17, 2008, and full-fledged traffic was opened on February 23, 2008. With a length of 7765 m, the tunnel goes to a depth of 287 m below sea level - this is the deepest tunnel in the world. The slope of the roadway reaches 9.6%.

382 meters

Woodingdean is an eastern suburb of Brighton and Hove located in East Sussex, England. It is notable for the fact that on its territory there is the deepest well in the world, dug by hand between 1858-1862. The depth of the well is 392 meters.

Of course, it does not look so picturesque, this is just an illustration.

603 meters

Vertigo Cave Vrtoglavica in the Julian Alps. It is located on the territory of Slovenia, near the border with Italy). The cave was discovered by a joint Slovenian-Italian group of speleologists in 1996. The deepest karst well in the world is located in the cave, its depth is 603 meters.

Fits here easily north tower World shopping malls in New York (its height is 417 m, and taking into account the antenna installed on the roof - 526.3 m).

If you accidentally fall into this hole, you can reach the bottom in 11 seconds.

700 meters

33 miners found themselves under the rubble as a result of the collapse of the San Jose mine on August 5, 2010. They spent more than 2 months in captivity at a depth of 700 meters and were considered dead for almost 3 weeks. As a result of 40 days of work, a well was drilled to save the Chilean miners.

970 meters

This is the largest dug hole in the Earth, from the bottom of which you can still see the sky. The Bingham Canyon Quarry in Utah is one of the world's largest man-made formations. After more than 100 years of mining, a large crater 970 meters deep and 4 km wide was formed. This unique canyon was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966.

This quarry will fit the entire Burj Khalifa - the most tall building in the world of ever created, which is 828 meters high. And it will not just fit, but more than 140 meters will remain from its “crown” to the surface.

On April 10, 2013, a giant block of earth broke off and rushed into a huge pit in the artificial Bingham Canyon in Utah. Approximately 65 to 70 million cubic meters of earth rattled against the walls of the mine, reaching speeds of up to 150 kilometers per hour. The event was so powerful that it shook the earth - seismic sensors worked, recording an earthquake. The intensity was measured as 2.5 points on the Richter scale.

1642 meters

Baikal is the most deep lake on the ground. Modern meaning maximum depth lakes - 1642 m.

1857 meters

The Grand Canyon is one of deepest canyons in the world. Located on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, USA. Depth - more than 1800 m.

2199 meters

So we got to the deepest cave in the world. This is the cave of Krubera (Voronya) - the only one famous cave in the world deeper than 2 kilometers. The main entrance to the cave is located at an altitude of about 2250 m above sea level.

3132 meters

To date, the deepest is the Moab Khotsong mine in South Africa, located southwest of Johannesburg. Its depth is 3 kilometers. The elevator takes 4.5 minutes to the very bottom, but you can speed up the process: if a person accidentally falls here, then the flight to the bottom will take him 25 seconds.

3600 meters

A living organism was found at such a depth. About a hundred years ago, the English scientist Edward Forbes claimed that there were no living creatures deeper than 500 meters. But in 2011 in a gold mine on the territory South Africa nematode worms Halicephalobus mephisto were found. The second name for these 0.5 mm creatures is "the worm from hell."

4500 meters

The deepest mines in the world are located in South Africa: "Tau Tona", "Witwatersrand" - a depth of more than 4500 m, Western Deep Levels Mine (Western mine deep) - 3900 m (De Beers company), Mponeng - 3800 m. The miners have to work in extreme conditions. The heat reaches up to 60 ° C, and at such a depth there is a constant danger of water breakthrough and explosions. These mines produce gold. The journey here takes the miners about 1 hour.

By the way, the Witwatersrand mine produces from 25 to 50% of the gold mined in the world. Mining is also carried out from the deepest mine in the world, Tau-Tona - its depth is more than 4.5 km, the temperature in the workings reaches 52 degrees.

A piece of gold-bearing ore mined at the deposit:

We move on. The next one will be very deep.

10994 meters

Mariana Trench (or Mariana Trench) - oceanic deep sea trench in the West Pacific Ocean, the deepest known on Earth. It is named after the nearby Mariana Islands. The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. According to measurements in 2011, its depth is 10,994 m below sea level.

It's very deep. If Everest 8848 meters high could be placed here, then more than 2 km would still be left from its top to the surface.

Yes, there is a place on Earth about which we know much less than about distant space - the mysterious bottom of the ocean. It is believed that world science has not even really begun to study it...

At a depth of 11 kilometers. At the bottom, the water pressure reaches 108.6 MPa, which is approximately 1072 times higher than the normal atmospheric pressure at the level of the World Ocean.

12262 meters

We got to the very deep well in the world. This is the Kola superdeep well. Is in Murmansk region, 10 kilometers west of the city of Zapolyarny. Unlike other ultra-deep wells that were drilled for oil production or exploration, SG-3 was drilled exclusively for research purposes in the place where the Mohorovichic boundary comes close to the Earth's surface.

At a depth of five kilometers, the ambient temperature exceeded 70 ° C, at seven - 120 ° C, and at a depth of 12 kilometers, the sensors recorded 220 ° C.

Kola superdeep well, 2007:

The Kola Superdeep was the source of the urban legend about the “well to hell”. This urban legend has been circulating the internet since at least 1997. First time on English language the legend was announced in 1989 on the air of the American television company Trinity Broadcasting Network, which took the story from a Finnish newspaper report published on April Fool's Day. According to this legend, in the very thickness of the earth, at a depth of 12,000 meters, the microphones of scientists recorded cries and groans. The tabloid newspapers write that it is "a voice from the underworld." The Kola super-deep well began to be called the "road to hell" - each new kilometer drilled brought misfortune to the country.

If something is dropped into this hole, 50 seconds will pass before this “something” falls to the bottom.

This is it, the well itself (welded), August 2012:

12376 meters

Well Z-44 Chayvo, which was drilled in Russia on the shelf of Sakhalin Island, is considered the deepest oil well in the world. It goes to a depth of about 13 kilometers - this depth is comparable to the height of 14.5 skyscrapers Burj Khalifa, which is still the tallest in the world. This is the deepest hole mankind has been able to drill.
On this moment, is the deepest place in the world. And it is only at a depth of about 12.4 km. Is it a lot? Recall that the average distance to the center of the Earth will be 6371.3 kilometers ...

Altitude can make you dizzy and make your heart beat wildly. However, much greater sensations can be obtained if you go down to the bottom of the ocean. Especially if you do it over a distance exceeding many kilometers. It is difficult to imagine how far down the deepest depression on Earth goes. And without a doubt, this is the Mariana Trench, which is also called the Mariana Trench for its outward resemblance to a crescent-shaped trench.

Location and size of the Mariana Trench

This chute is located near Mariana Islands, in the Western Pacific. This deepest depression on Earth was formed as a result of the fact that two tectonic plates converged. The deep-sea trench is approximately 2550 km long and 69 km wide. The depth of the depression is at least 11,000 m - the researchers cannot determine the exact figures, which is due to the large temperature difference in different layers, huge pressure and impenetrable darkness in the depression.

The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is considered to be the Chellenger, named after the research vessel of the same name, which sank to the bottom. You can even compare the height of the high mountain Everest with a depression depth - Everest stretches upwards for almost 8900 km, which means that the mountain can completely go under water into this gutter, and from above it will still be covered with at least two kilometers of water.

human research

The Mariana Trench was first explored by man in 1960. It was during this period that underwater technology was created that could lower researchers to the greatest depth to get the required information. Such a technique was a bathyscaphe called Trieste, with the help of which an oceanologist from Switzerland, Jacques Picard, and a soldier, Don Walsh, sank to the bottom.

The surprise of the researchers knew no bounds, because at a depth of 10911 meters, which was then recorded, they found signs of life. It seemed to scientists a little strange, but still it is. The trench is so deep that the rays of the sun do not penetrate there, and therefore many inhabitants of the depression, which are flat fish and some other organisms, do not have eyes.

The next dive took place in 1995 - Japanese researchers already descended to the bottom of the Mariinsky Trench. And in 2009, a special Nereus apparatus descended to the bottom, which took some pictures and collected soil samples for research.

But the lowest point of the deepest trench on Earth was reached by director James Cameron, who made such a deep sea trip in 2012. He carefully prepared for the expedition, hoping to collect excellent material. He sank to the bottom in a bathyscaphe and collected so much information that he later managed to make a film about the deepest depression on Earth. The last measurement of the depth of the Mariana Trench was 11,035 meters. However, no matter how much scientists explore the Mariana Trench, there are still a lot of questions and various mysteries that I really want to solve.

The deeper you go under the water, the colder it gets there. But from the surface of the underwater abyss, approximately at a distance of 1600 meters, the water temperature warms up to 450 degrees, which is explained by the presence of hydrothermal sources here. This hot water contains many minerals capable of supporting life at such a depth. However, despite such a high temperature, water does not boil (as it should), and the reason for this is too high water pressure, the value of which exceeds the level of water pressure on the surface by 155 times.

Not less than amazing fact was the discovery by researchers of the incredible size of amoebae (called xenophyophores), which have a unique gift - they survive under the influence of many toxic substances and heavy metals. These single-celled creatures, for sure, acquired their size due to their habitat, but how they manage to not feel the influence of harmful substances that can kill any living creature on Earth is completely incomprehensible.

Close to hydrothermal vents in the deepest depression on Earth, scientists have found molluscs that don't seem to be here. How they manage to live under the highest pressure is also unclear. In addition, the sources located here release in environment hydrogen sulfide, which is deadly poisonous to shellfish. But even this they calmly survive (they convert sulfur compounds into a safe protein) and continue their lives in the deep layers of the Pacific Ocean.

The bottom of the depression is covered with a layer of slimy mud. That is, there is no sand, which is often found at the bottom of reservoirs, but the bottom is paved with crushed shells and the remains of sunken plankton. As the water works on all of this with tremendous pressure, all the residues simply turn into a slimy mud of an unpleasant color.

Scientists even managed to detect liquid carbon dioxide- in deep waters, this is considered a rarity. But perhaps thanks to thermal springs, called "white smokers", life could have appeared at the depth of the gutter.

Another surprising discovery was the discovery in 2011 in Mariana Trench four stone bridges, each of which is 69 km long.

Most likely, their formation occurred at the junction tectonic plates- Philippine and Pacific. One of the discovered bridges, which was found first, is very high - its highest elevation reaches 2500 m. Scientists are still struggling to determine exactly the cause of these bridges, but this still remains a mystery, like much in the history of the appearance of the Mariana Trench .

Woodingdean (England)- the deepest well in the world, dug by hand. Its construction began in 1858. Initially, it was supposed to dig only 122 m, but no water was found at this depth, and then they had to wade further into the bowels of the Earth, reaching a depth of 392 m (this is more than the Empire State Building!) Like all grandiose, the construction of the well cost human victims. At least one of the diggers died working hard in merciless conditions, daily going down flimsy stairs. Prisoners from the nearest prison were used as labor force to build the well.

Tagebau Hambach (Germany)- the deepest open pit in the world, the depth of which is 370 m. However, the mine is famous not only for its depth. So, in Tagebau Hambach, the largest excavator is used: with its help, about 24 thousand tons of brown coal are lifted to the surface every day. That's not all - next to the quarry is the world's largest artificial hill Sophienhöhe, from the top of which you can view the mine in all its glory. The hill rises to 301.8 m above sea level, i.e. it is almost as high as the quarry is deep.

El Zacaton (Mexico)- a beautiful (and dangerous for adventurous divers) sinkhole. Naturally, the deepest in the world. sinkholes can form suddenly, including in residential areas, and such collapses can be fatal. However, the El Zakaton funnel is not new: it was formed during the Pleistocene (i.e., in the period 2.588-11.7 million years ago). In addition to the depth (339 m) and the glorious age, the fact that the depression is filled with water adds a special charm to it. This "reservoir" has attracted brave divers more than once, but only a robot managed to sink to the very bottom.

Lake Baikal- the deepest lake in the world (1642 m) and one of the the most beautiful places on the planet, which attracts both tourists and scientists. Manned submersibles have been diving to the bottom of the lake since 1977. In 2009, the bathyscaphe "Mir" plunged to a depth of 1640 m and reached the point of the bottom, which is supposedly considered the deepest. In total, during the expedition "Worlds" on Baikal during 2008-2010, 160 dives were made on the famous deep-sea vehicles"Mir-1" and "Mir-2".

Cave Krubera, or Crow's Cave (Abkhazia)- the most deep cave in the world (2199 m) and the only known to people cave, deeper than 2 km. karst cave, opened in 1960, was named after the master of Russian karst studies Alexander Kruber. The second name - Crow Cave - appeared in the 1980s, when Ukrainian speleologists reached a depth of 340 m: this name is due to the crows that lived in the cave. Since 2000, the Krubera cave has attracted researchers from all over the world, who every year discover new passages and galleries. The Crow Cave may contain many more interesting things, but its secrets will be revealed only to those who do not suffer from claustrophobia.

Kidd Mine (Ontario, Canada)- the deepest copper-zinc mine in the world, extending 2733 m below the sea. This is not the deepest mine in the world, but because the quarry is located in the north, it is the closest to the center of the Earth from all existing mines. Its history begins in 1964, since then this open pit has been expanding underground. Every year, more than 2,000 workers mine millions of tons of ore here. Additional deepening of the quarry is planned for 2017.

Litke trough- the deepest depression in the North Arctic Ocean and throughout the Eurasian basin is located 350 km from the "Arctic desert" of the island of Svalbard. The depression is not only deep (5449 m), but also cold - perhaps the Lithuanian trench can be called one of the most inhospitable places on the planet. The depth was discovered in 1955 by members of the expedition of the Fyodor Litke icebreaker, after whom it was named.

Deep Milwaukee- the deepest point of the Puerto Rico trench and everything Atlantic Ocean, leaving 8740 m below sea level. Like the Litke Trench, the Milwaukee Deep is named after the vessel that first recorded it, the USS Milwaukee. The depth of Milwaukee became known on February 14, 1939. The Puerto Rican Trench itself is located on the border caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean - where the fault passes. According to many geologists, soon a volcanic eruption is possible in this place, which, in turn, will cause a strong tsunami.

Mariana Trench, like others deepest depressions- Tonga trench, Philippine trench, Kermadec, Kuril-Kamchatka trench - located in the Pacific Ocean. Its deepest point, the so-called Challenger Deep, is 11,034 m below sea level. No wonder she draws people to her. So, Hollywood director James Cameron and businessman Richard Branson competed in who will be able to reach the bottom of the Martian trench earlier and become the third person in history to have been so deep. Cameron won.

Kola Superdeep Well- the deepest place on our planet, and it was created by human efforts (surprisingly, not for the purpose of extracting natural resources, but exclusively for scientific research). It is located in the Murmansk region, and its depth is 12,262 m. Previously, more than 10 research laboratories worked at the Kola superdeep well, studying the most ancient rocks, whose age exceeded 2.8 billion years. To date, the well has been mothballed and is in operation.

Here are the famous Parisian catacombs - a network of winding underground tunnels and artificial caves under Paris. The total length, according to various sources, is from 187 to 300 kilometers. Since the end of the 18th century, the remains of almost six million people have been buried in the catacombs.

40 meters

The Hotel Terme Millepini in Italy has adopted this bold strategy by digging a 40-metre-deep tunnel for divers and scuba divers. This is the Y-40 pool. The most interesting point of the deepest pool Y-40 is that it is filled with thermal water and has a wonderful temperature of 33 degrees Celsius.

105.5 meters

The deepest river This is the Congo, a river in Central Africa. In the lower reaches, the Congo breaks through the South Guinea Upland in a deep narrow (in some places no more than 300 meters) gorge, forming the Livingston waterfalls (total fall of 270 meters), the depths in this section are 230 meters or more, which makes the Congo the deepest river in the world .

240 meters

Of course, it does not look so picturesque, this is just an illustration.

603 meters

The North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York can easily fit here (its height is 417 m, and taking into account the antenna installed on the roof - 526.3 m).

If you accidentally fall into this hole, you can reach the bottom in 11 seconds.

700 meters

This quarry will fit the entire Burj Khalifa - the tallest building in the world ever created, whose height is 828 meters. And it will not just fit, but more than 140 meters will remain from its “crown” to the surface.

On April 10, 2013, a giant block of earth broke off and rushed into a huge pit in the artificial Bingham Canyon in Utah. Approximately 65 to 70 million cubic meters of earth rattled against the walls of the mine, reaching speeds of up to 150 kilometers per hour. The event was so powerful that it shook the earth - seismic sensors worked, recording an earthquake. The intensity was measured as 2.5 points on the Richter scale.

1642 meters

Baikal is the deepest lake on Earth. The current value of the maximum depth of the lake is 1642 m.

1857 meters

The Grand Canyon is one of the deepest canyons in the world. Located on the Colorado Plateau, Arizona, USA. Depth - more than 1800 m.

2199 meters

So we got to the deepest cave in the world. This is the Krubera (Voronya) cave - the only known cave in the world deeper than 2 kilometers. The main entrance to the cave is located at an altitude of about 2250 m above sea level.

3132 meters

A living organism was found at such a depth. About a hundred years ago, the English scientist Edward Forbes claimed that there were no living creatures deeper than 500 meters. But in 2011, nematode worms Halicephalobus mephisto were found in a gold mine in South Africa. The second name for these 0.5 mm creatures is "the worm from hell."

4500 meters

The deepest mines in the world are located in South Africa: Tau Tona, Witwatersrand - a depth of more than 4500 m, Western Deep Levels Mine (Western deep mine) - 3900 m (De Beers company), Mponeng - 3800 m. have to work in extreme conditions. The heat reaches up to 60 ° C, and at such a depth there is a constant danger of water breakthrough and explosions. These mines produce gold. The journey here takes the miners about 1 hour.

A piece of gold-bearing ore mined at the deposit:

We move on. The next one will be very deep.

10994 meters

The Mariana Trench (or the Mariana Trench) is an oceanic deep-sea trench in the western Pacific Ocean, the deepest known on Earth. It is named after the nearby Mariana Islands. The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. According to measurements in 2011, its depth is 10,994 m below sea level.

It's very deep. If Everest 8848 meters high could be placed here, then more than 2 km would still be left from its top to the surface.

Yes, there is a place on Earth about which we know much less than about distant space - the mysterious bottom of the ocean. It is believed that world science has not even really begun to study it...

We have reached the deepest well in the world. This is the Kola superdeep well. It is located in the Murmansk region, 10 kilometers west of the city of Zapolyarny. Unlike other ultra-deep wells that were drilled for oil production or exploration, SG-3 was drilled exclusively for research purposes in the place where the Mohorovichic boundary comes close to the Earth's surface.

At a depth of five kilometers, the ambient temperature exceeded 70 ° C, at seven - 120 ° C, and at a depth of 12 kilometers, the sensors recorded 220 ° C.

Kola superdeep well, 2007:

The Kola Superdeep was the source of the urban legend about the “well to hell”. This urban legend has been circulating the internet since at least 1997. For the first time in English, the legend was announced in 1989 on the air of the American television company Trinity Broadcasting Network, which took the story from a Finnish newspaper report published on April Fool's Day. According to this legend, in the very thickness of the earth, at a depth of 12,000 meters, the microphones of scientists recorded cries and groans. The tabloid newspapers write that it is "a voice from the underworld." The Kola super-deep well began to be called the "road to hell" - each new kilometer drilled brought misfortune to the country.

If something is dropped into this hole, 50 seconds will pass before this “something” falls to the bottom.

This is it, the well itself (welded), August 2012:

12376 meters

Well Z-44 Chayvo, which was drilled in Russia on the shelf of Sakhalin Island, is considered the deepest oil well in the world. It goes to a depth of about 13 kilometers - this depth is comparable to the height of 14.5 skyscrapers Burj Khalifa, which is still the tallest in the world. This is the deepest hole mankind has been able to drill.

At the moment, this is the deepest place in the world. And it is only at a depth of about 12.4 km. Is it a lot? Recall that the average distance to the center of the Earth will be 6371.3 kilometers ...

Despite the fact that the oceans are closer to us than the outer planets of the solar system, people have explored only five percent of the ocean floor, which remains one of the the greatest mysteries our planet. The deepest part of the ocean - the Mariana Trench or the Mariana Trench is one of the most famous places about which we don't know much. With water pressure that is a thousand times greater than at sea level, diving into this place is akin to suicide. But thanks modern technologies and a few daredevils who, risking their lives, went down there, we learned a lot of interesting things about this amazing place.

The Mariana Trench or the Mariana Trench is located in the Western Pacific Ocean to the east (about 200 km) of the 15 Mariana Islands near Guam. It is a crescent-shaped trench in the earth's crust, about 2550 km long and 69 km wide on average.

The coordinates of the Mariana Trench are 11°22′ north latitude and 142°35′ east longitude.

According to the latest research in 2011, the depth of the deepest point of the Mariana Trench is about 10,994 meters ± 40 meters. For comparison, the height of high peak world - Everest is 8,848 meters. This means that if Everest were in the Mariana Trench, it would be covered by another 2.1 km of water.

Here are others Interesting Facts about what you can meet along the way and at the very bottom of the Mariana Trench.

1. Very hot water

Going down to such a depth, we expect that it will be very cold there. The temperature here reaches just above zero, varying from 1 to 4 degrees Celsius. However, at a depth of about 1.6 km from the surface of the Pacific Ocean, there are hydrothermal vents called "black smokers". They shoot water that heats up to 450 degrees Celsius.

This water is rich in minerals that help support life in the area. Despite the temperature of the water, which is hundreds of degrees above the boiling point, the water does not boil here due to the incredible water pressure, 155 times higher than on the surface.

2 Giant Toxic Amoebas

A few years ago, at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, giant 10-centimeter amoebas called xenophyophores were discovered. These single-celled organisms probably got so big because of the environment they live in at a depth of 10.6 km. Cold temperature, high pressure and no sunlight, most likely contributed to the fact that these amoeba acquired huge sizes.

In addition, xenophyophores have incredible abilities. They are resistant to many elements and chemicals, including uranium, mercury and lead, which would kill other animals and people.

3. Clams

The strong water pressure in the Mariana Trench does not give any animal with a shell or bones a chance to survive. However, in 2012, shellfish were discovered in a trough near serpentine hydrothermal vents. Serpentine contains hydrogen and methane, which allows living organisms to form. How the molluscs retained their shell under such pressure remains unknown.

In addition, hydrothermal vents release another gas, hydrogen sulfide, which is deadly to shellfish. However, they learned to bind the sulfur compound into a safe protein, which allowed the population of these mollusks to survive.

4. Pure liquid carbon dioxide

The Champagne Hydrothermal Spring of the Mariana Trench, which lies outside the Okinawa Trench near Taiwan, is the only known underwater area where liquid carbon dioxide can be found. The spring, discovered in 2005, got its name from the bubbles that turned out to be carbon dioxide.

Many believe that these springs, called "white smokers" because of the lower temperature, may be the source of life. It was in the depths of the oceans with low temperatures and an abundance of chemicals and energy that life could originate.

5. Slime

If we had the opportunity to swim to the very depths of the Mariana Trench, we would feel that it is covered with a layer of viscous mucus. Sand, in its usual form, does not exist there. The bottom of the depression is mainly composed of crushed shells and plankton remains that have sunk to the bottom for many years. Due to the incredible pressure of the water, almost everything there turns into fine greyish-yellow thick mud.

6. Liquid sulfur

The Daikoku Volcano, which is located at a depth of about 414 meters on the way to the Mariana Trench, is the source of one of the rarest phenomena on our planet. There is a lake of pure molten sulfur. The only place where liquid sulfur can be found is Jupiter's moon Io.

In this pit, called the "cauldron," the bubbling black emulsion boils at 187 degrees Celsius. Although scientists have not been able to explore this place in detail, it is possible that even more liquid sulfur is contained deeper. This may reveal the secret of the origin of life on Earth.

According to the Gaia hypothesis, our planet is one self-governing organism in which all living and non-living things are connected to support its life. If this hypothesis is correct, then a number of signals can be observed in the natural cycles and systems of the Earth. So the sulfur compounds created by organisms in the ocean must be stable enough in the water to allow them to pass into the air and back to land again.

7. Bridges

At the end of 2011, four stone bridge, which stretched from one end to the other for 69 km. They appear to have formed at the junction of the Pacific and Philippine tectonic plates.

One of the Dutton Ridge bridges, which was opened back in the 1980s, turned out to be incredibly high, like a small mountain. In the high point, the ridge reaches 2.5 km above the "Challenger Deep". Like many aspects of the Mariana Trench, the purpose of these bridges remains unclear. However, the very fact that in one of the most mysterious and unknown places discovered these formations is amazing.

8James Cameron's dive into the Mariana Trench

Since the discovery of the deepest part of the Mariana Trench, the Challenger Deep in 1875, only three people have been here. The first were American lieutenant Don Walsh and explorer Jacques Picard, who dived on January 23, 1960 on the Challenger.

After 52 years, another person ventured here - the famous film director James Cameron. So on March 26, 2012, Cameron went down to the bottom and took some photos. During James Cameron's 2012 dive to the Challenger Abyss in the DeepSea Challenge submersible, he tried to observe everything that was going on in the place until mechanical problems forced him to rise to the surface.

While he was in deep point oceans, he came to the shocking conclusion that he was completely alone. There were no scary sea monsters or any miracles in the Mariana Trench. According to Cameron, the very bottom of the ocean was "lunar...empty...lonely" and he felt "completely isolated from all mankind".

9. Mariana Trench

10. The Mariana Trench in the ocean is the largest reserve

The Mariana Trench is national monument USA and the largest marine reserve in the world. Since it is a monument, there are a number of rules for those who want to visit this place. Within its borders, fishing and mining are strictly prohibited here. However, swimming is allowed here, so you might be the next one to venture into the deepest place in the ocean.