Great Pyramid of Cheops photo. The Great Pyramids of Giza (Egyptian Pyramids) and the Great Sphinx - the heritage of the Old Kingdom
In my opinion, the version is quite right to life:
Original taken from gorojanin_iz_b in the Egyptian haze. The construction of the colossi, the Sphinx, the pyramids at the dawn of the photographic era in the 19th century. Part 2
Continuation. Beginning in the first part
The greatest secret of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, aka Cheops, is in front of the eyes of everyone who looks at it, but people do not want to see it. Give them ancient Egypt with pharaohs or anunakhs ...
Entire sections, strips and belts of the outer layer of blocks fall inward. Anyone can see it up close, but with side light it can be seen from afar. It is explained by the fact that under the layer of casting-blocks there are no millions of blocks weighing millions of tons, but there is ordinary, naturally subsiding sand. Which cancels all calculations of official and alternative sciences about the time, opportunities, labor costs of the pyramid builders. Put one in a rainy area, it would not have stood for half a century, it would have developed in an ugly way, in the same 19th century, but in Egypt - nothing, even keeps its shape, though only from a distance.
The outer layer of all three Great Pyramids - Khufu (Cheops), Khafra (Chephren) and Menka-ura (Mykerin) fails. But before we talk about the structure of the pyramids, let's take a look at the external casting. Well, or on hewn, molded, geopolymer blocks, scrambled with mantras, UFOs, an Egyptian draft crowd with an Egyptian mother along the embankment, as official and alternative historians teach.
The Pyramid of Cheops. These dents cannot be erosion, they are too different from all types of erosion on all blocks. There are dozens of them.
(pictures, as in part 1, are clickable)
It looks like a ladder for dragging the mortar was imprinted.
A foreign thing was forgotten.
Another dropped but against the background of the edge from the formwork sheet. A typical sinus - any concrete worker will tell. Peaks, streaks of solution hang everywhere. For wind erosion, the solution turned out to be stronger than the "brick".
This is a fallen but and edges left by the formwork. The unfinished solution, the wreckage - everything went to the casting.
Part of the buta fell out, part still sticks out, but it will definitely fall out, especially from the windward side of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, where the erosion of lime-sand casting is going faster.
Often scrap was used and so. Why not?
The blocks are full of typical traces of primitive grouting like these patterns of stripes, followed by stamping on the wet, as in the "quarry at the pyramid of Khafre." The alternatives - traces of mysterious tools.
Only without stamping.
An ordinary grater with a solution of extremely garbage leaves just such. Where there are no quality requirements, and you only need to close the masonry, Tajiks do not make footage, but kilometers of such a finish. faster speed Nile. On the pyramidal casting is complementary to this. The race is on, it is necessary to close the boot, or the big snot hung - the ancient Egyptian passed with a grater of the golden section, seams, seams, ready, then went on to build an ancient Egyptian masterpiece! .. A matter of seconds - such wiping.
The little things that got out were packed full, but this wonderful little thing, stuffed, but rather forgotten by the ancient Egyptians in casting, I like most of all.
This is a steel profile, not iron; iron is a highly corrosive metal pure form nowhere and never used. An iron profile in the open air, even Egyptian, will turn into dust not in 4.5 thousand years, but in one and a half hundred years that have passed since the middle of the 19th century.
Historians teach that Marten made a furnace for melting steel in 1864, and experiments were done 10 years before. But no! It was not Marten who received rolled steel, but the ancient Egyptians, with Anunakh technologies and secret knowledge priests from Atlantis!
These gaps cannot be obtained by any adjustment of the blocks, even in theory. The edges of the blocks perfectly repeat each other with curved lines. They can only be obtained by sequentially filling a row. This particular one was poured from right to left.
The formwork was placed in place. Thin elastic sheets of metal - iron is quite suitable. A block is poured, sheets are hastily placed, the next one is poured. Sheets are taken out. One block pressed the sheet more, the other less, the third one generally squeezed out the formwork sheet and the stack ... I don’t care, they docked to a small block and filled in a large one - not a single block is repeated there at all, everyone is different. Incredible rush and race.
The top row is especially revealing. This is an impossible build. Only sequential casting.
From this angle, above-deck canopies on the blocks are visible. They were knocked down, cut off, still raw. But not everywhere.
Two remarkably chipped blocks show the internal layered structure of the casting.
The flow went from right to left. The solution was applied in portions (otherwise it will break any formwork, pouring these and any megaliths is only possible in layers). The first portion was slapped to the bottom, to the right wall of the casting mold, which is the face of the previous cube. Second, third ... - in inclined layers. Dry wind was on the day when these cubes were poured, the evaporation is large, each layer had time to dry out, forming a crust.
This layering says that the work was still manual. A small labor army - soldiers, local slaves, prisoners ... - may well make a pyramid in a few years.
French scientists discovered "ancient Egypt". Most likely, this was the "Egyptian campaign of Napoleon." The narrow gauge railway, inevitable in the construction of the pyramids, we have already seen in the 19th century photo in Luxor and Giza. Generally narrow gauge Railway exists, it is believed, since the 16th century, under Napoleon, of course, it was. This technical minimum, plus several years of regime status of the territory, is actually all that is needed to fill in place 1 percent of the extravagant quantities of blocks, which we see and beyond which we will not see (unless the pyramid starts to completely fall apart, crumble, for example, from abnormal rainy season).
Scientists - the guardians of history, of course, cannot assume such things, neither the officialdom nor the alternatives. Fomenko and Nosovsky have brilliant criticism, but useless reconstruction (otherwise no one would ever hear about any of their "new Chronology"). They, like Davidenko and others, actually "legitimized" the pyramids in tandem with the officials, counted ninety-nine percent of the Great Pyramid in tons, cubes and labor costs, which are not blocks.
For some reason, no one is surprised that the Chinese have poured more than a thousand pyramids, including those larger than Cheops - part of them, and at the same time not a single Chinese has said anything about this to any world media.
The Great Wall of China, when the rain washed it away, was empty.
Fufel, like all Chinese, two bricks thick, with sand.
The megaliths of Cusco, unable to withstand the rain, collapsed, inside the same emptiness, the soil with which the natural hill was filled and planned, nothing more.
Ruins of Sacsayhuaman temple complex of the great Inca civilization in Cusco (Peru), were allegedly built in the 15th century. From blocks of hewn, fitted with the help of mantras and Anunakh technologies to micron precision. Since 1983 it has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Only recently the ruins, made by primitive casting in fabric formwork, have fallen apart a little. Just like Chinese Wall after heavy rains. A century has not passed.
There was not a shish under the ruins. Made immediately as ruins.
http://su0.ru/p2bq
I had to save a great civilization for UNESCO and humanity.
http://su0.ru/rfwf
But the world historical community, official and alternative, is not supposed to know about it.
And why is the pyramid of Cheops, of the estimated number of blocks of which people see less than 1 percent, worse?
An artificial hill, a couple of chambers, passages, shafts were made inside, maybe a couple more hid, scientists for the upcoming discoveries, that's all. More than 99 percent of the volume of the Great Pyramid has never been seen and will never be seen, unless it rains in Egypt.
Most of all, the pilgrims of Egypt and the pyramids are confused by the incredible curvature of the rows in height. From a distance they are even, but the closer to the pyramid, the more crooked - shrinkage goes inward, perpendicular to the edges. If you do greatest miracle light for centuries - then either level the rocky foundation, or level the foundation. What about Cheops? They say about this: the bull pissed. Walks in waves. Let's follow one line.
Clickable.
Whichever way you look from the foot of the Great Pyramids - it will be so.
With side lighting, the dips of the faces noticeably appear from afar, like Cheops, Khafre, Mykerin. The edges of the pyramid are not just crooked, but they walk like Danube waves, the drops reach several meters!
Why? Yes, because there is sand under the casting, and there are no 2.3 million blocks, weighing 5.75 million tons. They led several rows. Covered the hill. The sand settled naturally; It's unavoidable. We leveled the edges with the same sand and corrective casting - this is possible. But vertical waves back and forth cannot be aligned.
Moreover, the waves went even from the lowest tiers, and the waves are of such magnitude that it is impossible to explain the different sizes of blocks and shrinkage.
There is no other explanation for these waves.
This is the great secret of the Great Pyramid.
Scientists and the public do not even know about the interior of Khafre even the minuscule known about Khufu.
Pyramids of Khufu and Khafre.
As well as about Mikerin.
In anticipation of the Big Questions, scientists backed up a little, They took another 23% from the invisible 99% of the volume of the pyramid of Cheops, even in Wikipedia, the main source of sofa Egyptologists, they wrote that, they say, according to the latest data, 23% of the volume of the pyramid is a rocky base in its center. But even three-quarters of the remaining volumes of blocks to carve and carry out of nowhere is an unbearable task for any human and Anunnachi cultures.
No one is surprised that in the Mexican El Tajin, the ancient Mexicans of the type in the 2nd century AD. most of the pyramids were underimposed. Why are we slowing down in Egypt? Morok igipitz?
The stump is clear, it is impossible to veneer such an Egyptian disgrace, which is also falling through, as scientists say about it, pointing to the cap of the Khafre pyramid. The rest, they say, did not survive for centuries, the sultans pulled it into palaces, the imams into mosques. Nonsense. The cap was immediately built as a "remnant of the cladding".
Having reached the beginning of the header in the project, the builders changed step casting of blocks to vertical, and led the vertical walls from five to seven rows high, alternating the casting of horizontal blocks with the casting of vertical ones, and from the border of the cap to the top they began to cast the product under the outer formwork.
Knowing the real quality of pyramidal casting, we strengthened the vertical wall under the cap with additional pillars. This is one of them, which could not appear in any way with the previous, stepped casting.
In some parts of the field, hats hung like visors. Not surprising, given the quality of the main, block casting. When pouring in steps, the crumbling blocks remain in place; when poured vertically, they crumble.
Preparing to hoist a layer twice as heavy with a "facing" so that the latter does not collapse into the settled sand of the central part of the pyramid, the last one and a half to two dozen rows before it were not filled with standard blocks, but every other time - with full-fledged brick pedestals, disguised with plaster. That is why the "facing" is intact, and the base under it is stronger and looks different.
This masonry of the Great Pyramid of Khafre is a jamb like the famous stone with a concrete core from the construction of Stonehenge after the collapse of the plaster that got into everything vintage photo and engravings, which were done in half a century after construction without counting
Now let's take a closer look mysterious cuts a mysterious tool in supposedly granite monoliths, allegedly hewn by the ancient Egyptians, adored by the alternative public and scientists. What is it, who did it, and why?
scientists official sciences it is allowed to talk only about the bronze saws and chisels of the ancient Egyptians. Because the iron official history they have not yet smelted, something stronger - even more so.
Scientists of alternative sciences are allowed to say that it was cut by the Anunakhs, with lasers from the Whitemans, and the great pra-civilization of the Atlanto-Pleiadianto-Aryans, with mantras that make plasticine from granite.
It is permissible for conspirators to talk about a fake with a modern diamond-coated saw and cutting discs for metal with victorious soldering ...
At the same time, the shooting of these cuts and cuts in all LAIST and scientific sites are given only at an angle so that the cuts are like cuts. Let's look at a normal shooting - and everything will become clear.
At the base of the Great Pyramid, there are several blocks of cut / sawn granite type.
But if we look carefully, we will see jumpers among such an alleged cut.
More jumpers in the type of cuts.
Considering that the length between the lintels is the same, we will see simple traces from simple slabs of the same type, which were thrust into the unhardened mass of the future granite block, hewn by the ancient Egyptians, in order to divide it in half and get a corrugated surface of both halves. All in all.
On Giza, in pyramidal temples, obelisks and "artifacts" there is a lot of corrugated and ideally even granite. It was necessary to get a lot of the same type of slabs with the same type of relief. Done. The marriage was abandoned on the spot. Only.
This raw half divided gives an exhaustive idea of what kind of cuts it is (and since it fell apart incorrectly, it also turned out to be fragile - a marriage with violations of the ancient Egyptian guests of the composition of the granite mixture by the builders of the pyramids).
Another divided one. There is no smell of lasers from whitemans here, these are just boards that have been shoved into casting.
By the way, they began to finish the base of the Great Pyramid with such, but they quickly abandoned it. The deadlines were pressing, the workers fled, the foremen decided: this will do ... God knows.
Breakdown close. Whoever wants to see lasers from Wightmans, let him see lasers from Wightmans according to his faith, but in physical world there were deck boards here. More than a clear breakdown of the jumper between them.
Another type of marriage - crookedly separating the formwork was pushed. Not suitable for virtuoso ancient Egyptian masters.
They come up with the devil-those-what these scientists ...
Another warehouse of granite products, abandoned because it popped a marriage that can neither be used nor continue the wall, scientists called Mortuary Temple of Menkaure.
For scientists, the ancient Egyptians hewn or the great pra-civilizations of the Anunakhs softened this granite with mantras thousands of years ago. Casting in formwork one and a half to two centuries ago was an absolutely taboo topic for alternatives.
There was definitely no idea to "cut out waves" - all "hewn waves" are crooked, and all are different. It's just an unfinished corridor. Started pouring but gave up.
Here we finally see the famous "megalithic nipples".
They are obtained when stones are placed in a fabric mold, but not like a rubble, but so that it holds the shape, like a spacer and a fixing object, otherwise it will warp when poured (this is how the casting of the aforementioned Cuzco was done). For limestone "stones" they put limestone cargo, for granite, of course, the same granite. Limestone-sand stones, like the Southern one, can be cast without matter (limestone cement is the oldest material used to this day, lime is found everywhere; although "antiques" were poured in the 18-20 centuries), but for finely dispersed components that go to granite , mineral dust, a dense fabric is needed, otherwise the smallest component will leak out, there will be a disgrace, not casting.
A very good picture of one such "nipple" was taken by Sklyarov, or someone from the LAI forum (as soon as the suggestion about the formwork was touched there, the discussion of these pictures was interrupted harshly and instantly).
It can be seen that water oozed from this "nipple" through the fabric and washed a little fine dust from the lower block until it was completely dry. Got a track. If you find pictures of "masonry" with these "nipples" in good resolution, you will see such traces on other monuments of UNESCO and humanity.
Specifically, these "hewn blocks" were cast in formwork frames with a fabric base, the edges were additionally pressed over the fabric with boards. And for the formwork, the stump is clear, no one followed (I think it was impossible with such volumes as they were on the Giza plateau), broke and broke, the top board was kicked out, and the lesha with it. And they poured more solution than they should. Conveyor process costs.
Cast, of course, here, and in this position. Traces on the lower block from the water flowing from the upper "nipple" are evidence of this.
And from the second "nipple" of the upper block on the lower block there is the same trace.
The entire batch of granite blocks turned out to be defective. The bottom row turned out to be quite okay, albeit with influxes through the formwork. Upper - randomly went.
There are three blocks here, the fourth was thrown off. On the middle top, they tried to fix the marriage - they cut off the influxes, moreover, manually, without machines, this can be seen from the unevenness (this is where the "ancient Egyptian stonemasons-masters" really had to sweat, this is generally an ass - to hammer granite!)
But they gave up this occupation - for the zombie mass, it will do.
The other two "floated" through the top, due to unusable formwork, especially the nearest one. The "sailed" part of the block was also cut off (the horror of how much handmade, not otherwise, the ancient Egyptian foreman was terribly angry at the scammers and forced them to hammer their work, like slaves from "historical Egypt" !!)
The fourth block was thrown off. It also cut off the upper influx and the "floated" part of the block from the side of the back edge of the formwork.
Moreover, they managed to split. This is not easy, apparently, the scammers and the composition of the casting also could not stand it.
And so this casting was left to wallow in the "sands of time", in the "darkness of centuries". Not a wall, not a corridor, not a warehouse. An ordinary marriage, which cannot be continued in any way, and it is impossible to drag and adapt somewhere else.
In general, the ancient Egyptians poured granite often, a lot and with pleasure - both in St. Petersburg, and in Europe, and in Asia, and of course in "ancient Egypt". The artel is one, the technologies are the same, but for posterity, scientists and ignoramuses, let the "historians" carry it across the eras.
Here is a wonderful Granite Temple of Khafre in the Giza valley. "Science" took him as far back as 26-23 centuries BC.
"Officially" built of limestone slabs, lined with granite slabs.
However, with good shooting, it is clearly seen that the walls were not faced with granite, but were cast with artificial granite.
Compare last photo with cracks in the cast granite of the St. Petersburg Isaac, Kazan and Roman Pantheon. One office made "history" in approximately one real, but different "historical" time, of course, that both technologies and materials were used the same.
Another material of ancient Egyptian maters used in Giza is basalt. The mineral is as hard as granite, but more brittle.
Allegedly hewn and delivered from where the hell are the blocks with which the floor near the Great Pyramid is laid out.
Let's pay attention to the foundation for pouring these slabs - we will meet it more than once in the Great Ancient Egyptian Pyramids that were being prepared, but not embodied; and on the complete correspondence of the lower faces of the basalt slabs to the relief they flooded.
Actually, you don't need to say anything. A simple sane look and normal photos will tell everything.
If this is not formwork and pouring, then what? Ancient Egyptian bronze saw-chisels??
The thickness of the formwork was
Definitely sheet metal.
When the sheets were taken out, micro-scratches remained.
The surface, not completely dry, cracked right there, along the excavation of the formwork, in the same "ancient Egyptian era."
Rush. As with Cheops.
Another basalt floor.
There are only two of them in the area of "the discovery of ancient Egypt at the beginning of the 19th century" - it was not enough with coal, or with basalt raw materials.
General form.
Traces of smooth formwork are everywhere.
Smooth edge from the formwork close up.
Shitty quality of the poured block. It is pouring, barely had time to take a pee.
Granite is a non-thermal casting, it is easier with it. The creators of "ancient Egypt" have big problems with thermal.
A question for any concrete worker: did they pour the slabs with the sinuses of the slab? or anunakhs were cut out with lasers?
Anunakh (laser) sinus close up. The importance of this photo is different: at the bottom, the blocks repeat the relief of the soil or what was poured onto the ground.
This means that no one brought "basalt slabs" from anywhere, they poured them right here. A mobile smelting stove, on the principle of the one that tar is poured on the roof of "Khrushchev's" houses, was placed right in the "location of the artifact", the block merged onto the ground. They did it right away as "the remains of a basalt floor", scattered blocks.
Immediately for the trolls: the sintering temperature of basalt fibers is +1000, simple brown coal in the home heating system provides a temperature of about 1900 degrees, coal 2100. Anthracite 2250. Italian archaeologists discovered the Userkaf Pyramid in 1831. Such-and-such coal-fired stoves are the great builders of Rome, and so on. They knew how to do the 19th century.
Another trace of formwork on two blocks. Even the characteristic formwork "patches" are visible.
The characteristic formwork comb, which gives out the casting immediately and undeniably, was chipped off.
Decking sheet led. The hot mass pushed it down and almost flowed.
This block indicates that here (at the pyramid of Userkaf), apparently, a copper or bronze sheet was used. Iron doesn't behave like that. Copper does not melt at 1000 degrees (it has a melting point of 1083 degrees), bronze also (up to 1140 degrees), it only softens, like the formwork on this casting.
Yihipitsky scammers!
They suck with thermocasting, what really ...
Obviously they were trying to portray something more complicated than floor slabs. Two molds were inserted into the liquid mass. Didn't like it or didn't work. The formwork ridges were broken off and then the "remains of the floor" began to be poured.
And now, from the floor, let's turn to the object itself, for the sake of which it was heaped up here. Pitiful incomprehensible ugliness, which scientists called Pyramid of Userkaf in Saqqara.
You won’t believe it, but in historical science this pharaoh, the founder of the 5th dynasty, immortalized his name with this great building, replacing the direct predecessors of Djedefre, Mikerin, Snefru (the builder of five pyramids), Khafre and Cheops.
Here is this incomprehension.
No aesthetic claims.
Or at least decently.
(apologies for the "fisheye", but I did not find filming with a normal lens of what I had to shoot)
What is important to see in order to understand the real purpose of this misunderstanding?
Attention - to the most powerful casting, appearing from under the sand all over the site on a patch near the under-pyramid, slabs without any claims at all, not for show, purely functional ...
And on the multi-layered and considerable depth of their occurrence.
For whom and what is this power? Endure crowds of pharaoh worshippers?
Let's take a look at a completely garbage casting not for the public, stuffed rubbish sticks out of the sidewall.
On wire fittings, knocked down or broken off from the same garbage casting, as you can see, on the eve of the presentation of the under-pyramid to the public.
Let's look at the layout of the site with an underpyramid with a clear shift of sand away from it.
Still excavated and shifted soil.
Recognizable by all "top pyramids", a chamber made of cast granite slabs. The first pair turned out, the second burst, and that was the end of the work. Scientists write: the robbers took everything they could from the Userkaf complex back in antiquity. What did they take away? Granite-concrete fools weighing a ton, which are missing here? They weren't here. They surrendered to the robbers by design ... They are absent, therefore, on the second pair of this vault, the product burst, because. more than a lot of rubbish stuffed. You can see it in the picture.
Around the under-pyramid, one cannot say that they are rising, but simply several indistinct buildings have been started, reinforced with monumental castings.
From whom did they make such power, but with a passage protected just as monumentally?
From meteor showers? Nuclear war? Herds of dinosaurs? Crowds of asuras, batyrs and Atlanteans?
Scientists figured out and drew a reconstruction, on which these bunkers are the welcoming and mortuary temples, tombs, the companion pyramid of the pharaoh's wife...
But you can no longer get into the pyramid of Userkaf. It was described and drawn by scientists, after which, in 1991, the passage into it was hopelessly blocked by an earthquake. Only the outside entrance remains. So here it is!
For those who don't understand yet. Explains all misunderstandings foundation construction site one of the following Great Pyramids. Unrealized object. The interior of the pyramid was placed without any beauty. Powerfully protected chambers and passages hidden in the depths of the pyramid for centuries. From above, sand was to be poured onto the site, along the perimeter of the sand, casting was to be carried out in several layers ... Everything, as in two and a half of the Great Pyramids of Giza.
One of the ugliest buildings pyramid of Amenemhat III in Dashur (supposedly 19th century BC) - ugliness, only if we consider it conceived and finished. In the country of great temples, sciences, golden sections and pyramids, drawn by historians, it would be a shame for a real pharaoh to build such a pile of crap (and what else does it look like in form?), Wasting his life and the ancient Egyptians on it. Not ashamed only invented.
The builders of this failed pyramid advanced a little further than the artel of Userkaf's pyramid.
We made the filling, the core of the future pyramid, began to fill it up.
Exactly buried sand and slag, and didn't dig the explorers of ancient Egypt, the discoverers of the pyramids - the sand did not even get into the grooves and cracks.
As in Userkaf and, no doubt, in all Cheops and Khafren, a site of incredible, super-excessive thickness was laid here, the "inner chambers" with passages to them protected in the most powerful way from the megaton load of the planned pyramid.
Tons of mortar and defective castings are commonplace, all this goes under the sand, not for beauty.
Entrance - according to a single ancient Egyptian guest, common to all places, pharaohs and times.
This is how the same Cheops looked until it fell asleep completely and started casting blocks around the perimeter of the hill, you can be sure. This is not the ugliness of an invented pharaoh. Just unfinished. The whole mystery of the mysterious "black pyramid of Anemenkhet".
Another pyramid blank represents a whole class of buildings that scientists were embarrassed to call pyramids, but came up with the term mastaba. Harvesting in Medum, 100 km from Giza. They didn’t come up with a pharaoh for her, therefore, it is listed in Egyptology simply under the number - Mastaba №17.
A site prepared and slightly cleared for visiting gives an idea of the size of the pyramid in the project.
Without much care, the same powerful slab foundation was cast for posterity, which, after the change in design, was abandoned, at least on that patch that was open from under the sand for visits.
On the basis - the usual intra-pyramidal bunker in case of an atomic war, designed for megaton pressure.
The casting was abandoned, the formwork was hastily assembled, including a mess. Works, now in the status of "reconstruction-restoration", are being done now. By the time the ceu came to fold the pyramid and start pouring the mastaba, the builders did not have time to add what they wanted or finish it.
And then another slab over one of the passages burst, threatening to collapse and block it. If so, then one of the "burial chambers" will not be "discovered by scientists" - why is this necessary?
This is how this "ancient Egypt" was done; more marriage and incompleteness than finished buildings. But nothing, scientists will finish drawing. Have managed so far.
Almost forgot about mysterious square holes, these, in Aksum, Baalbek, Palmyra, Aswan, Roman, Hellenic, Machupik and the rest of the ancient casting, no matter how much it is (thank you, reminded) - the grooves from the fasteners of the formwork, which in two places they forgot to release from the timber. In the Snefru pyramid (Dahshur, type 26 BC), with the rest of the wood, and in the tunnel under the Wailing Wall, it is also the wall of the Solomon Temple complex (Jerusalem, type 19 BC).
And finally, for the mood, some famous and not very antique sculptures from angles from which it is not very common to shoot, since traces of reinforcement are visible.
Happy May holidays everyone.
Good luck, kindness and good mood!
The famous Venus de Milo from the Louvre.
By the way, the second hand of Venus de Milo in the Louvre is very strangely smeared. Although under the putty, a sealed hole-oval is guessed.
Ancient Greek discus throwers of the Vienna and Roman museums. The dog knows them whether or not to cover up these marks from the fittings. It's not aesthetically pleasing either way.
Belvedere torso. Vatican.
statues ancient Greek city Ephesus (Selchuk, Türkiye).
Pergamon altar. Museum of Berlin.
*
Portrait of Tutankhamen, I hope everyone knows))
Egyptian pyramids, even photos, cause big interest. This is one of the biggest attractions in the world,. They, according to archaeologists, are the tombs of the pharaohs, members of their families and court nobles. This version is generally accepted and its confirmation is the presence of mummies inside. What are these structures? Who built them and how? For what? What is inside? You will find answers to questions in this article.
Egyptian pyramids: a symbol of what?
During the period of the Old Kingdom (c. 2707 - 2150 BC, III-VI dynasties), structures began to be created for burials, symbolizing sacred mountain- the desire of mankind to reach heaven.
Scientists suggest that the belief of the Egyptians in the ascension of the spirit to the gods is fundamental the purpose of their construction. In their opinion, even today, these structures personify the dream of man to achieve the Higher Consciousness.
Egyptian pyramids: photos and videos about the secret of construction
Several theories try to explain the technology of their construction, but no one knows exactly how and why these famous buildings were built. architectural monuments. There are only versions and assumptions.
One of the greatest mysteries: how did people move such massive stone blocks using primitive tools? The Egyptians left behind thousands of illustrations depicting daily life in the Old Kingdom. It is curious that none shows their construction.
But maybe these images are just not on the eyes modern man? Maybe looking at the drawings, we are not able to see their method of creating grandiose structures, because he cardinally different from modern ideas? Here is some information about it you can find on the Internet.
- The usual explanation is the use of the physical labor of thousands of slaves who cut out pieces rock, dragged and installed them.
- It is believed that some of the monuments consist of cast sections, similar to modern concrete buildings.
- There is a version of using certain sound vibrations to move multi-ton blocks. The version is even confirmed by experiments and some photo images of frescoes.
In the film directed by Florence Tran "Unraveling the Mystery of the Cheops Pyramid" presents interesting version French architect Jean Pierre Ruden construction using an internal ramp. The evidence presented is quite convincing. See a detailed study by a Frenchman. It looks like he solved the mystery of the Egyptian pyramids?
Who was the architect of the first pyramid?
The earliest known pyramidal structures are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. The oldest of these is the Pyramid of Djoser, built around 2630-2611. BC. during the third dynasty, the first adviser to the king, architect and builder, high priest of Ra in Heliopolis, poet and thinker Imhotep. He is considered the founder of this architectural form, having proposed to build three more smaller ones on top of the main one. His tomb has not yet been identified. Therefore, there is no mummy of Imhotep.
Where are the most famous Egyptian pyramids located?
By the way, in the video "The Secret of the Egyptian Pyramids", which is placed above, the author confirms the possibility of a 20-year construction period.
Top: interesting facts
The top of one of the pyramids in the Cairo Museum
An interesting fact is that there is no sharp corner at the top. Usually, when construction was completed, the last part was made, the so-called upper stone. It was considered the most important and was often made of valuable rock or even gold. Pyramid of Cheops - without a pointed top. Was she always like that or the top stone was stolen, no one knows. But there is information where visitors from the time of Christ report the absence of a point.
At the top there is a large flat area measuring 9x9 m. Another fact: on the back of the dollar bill you can see the image of a pyramid with a flat top. This image reverse side Great Seal of the USA. Are these facts related? If you know, please write in the comments.
Many researchers and tourists climbed to the top. The last "pyramidolaz" in 2016, 18-year-old German tourist Andrei Cheselsky managed to see Egypt from the top of the Great Pyramid of Giza. He made an illegal climb and was arrested by the police. For your information: after several accidents, climbing to the peaks is prohibited. Special permission required.
TO interesting facts also include those that some occult researchers of the mystery of the Egyptian pyramids spent the night in the inner chambers. They wrote books about their mystical experiences.
"Secrets of the Pyramids (The Secret of Orion)" by R. Bauval, E. Gilbert offers a version about the stellar orientation of buildings.
The American prophet and medium Edgar Cayce spoke about the significance of the pyramids for lost civilization Atlantis. Information is available on the Internet.
How are pyramids arranged inside?
Entrance to great pyramid Cheops is located on the north side at a height of about 15 m above the ground. After the descending short entrance tunnel, there is a climb up the corridor leading to a large gallery and finally to the above-ground burial vaults, which makes it unique.
Other pyramid interiors only have a tunnel system leading to underground chambers. Treasures from the buildings have been removed and are available for viewing in world-famous museums such as the British Museum (britishmuseum.org), the Egyptian Museum of Berlin (egyptian-museum-berlin.com) and italian museum Turin (museoegizio.it).
However, nearby there is a museum of the Solar Boat, where a boat is presented, taken out of the ground at the foot of the pyramidal structure. To learn more about the oldest ship in the world, listen to the video.
What other pyramids can be seen in Egypt?
Interest is Step Pyramid of Djoser(located in Saqqara) and
others in Dahshur, among which are Hounded and Pink pyramids.
As of November 2008, the approximate number of such objects was from 118 to 138.
Pyramid Texts
The buildings of the 5th and 6th dynasties preserved for posterity the texts found on the walls of the interior. This is the oldest religious literature, called the Pyramid Texts. These monuments give the impression of careless construction: poorly processed stones that crumbled over time and turned into hills.
Monumental monuments also include.
What do you think, did you manage to unravel the mystery of the pyramid of Cheops? Write your thoughts in the comments.
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Egypt - mysterious civilization. The pyramid is without a doubt one of the main artifacts of this country. When we see the image of this building in the pictures, we understand that we are talking about Egypt, the pharaohs, the mystic, tourists and travel. Each artist in the drawing expresses his thoughts. Therefore, in this lesson we will learn how to geometrically accurately depict a polyhedron, draw statues at its entrance and Egyptian nature.
Draw with a pencil
First, we will learn how to draw a pyramid with a pencil.
Let's draw a triangle.
Draw a line from the top corner to any point on its base. The final angle from which the viewer looks at the polyhedron will depend on where the line will cross the base.
To the segment remaining below, we will build two lines from the right and left corners.
Let's remove the bottom horizontal edge, which is inside and the viewer cannot see it. It will turn out like this:
Let's add color and texture, it can be shown figuratively, in some places. So it will be clear that the building is made of bricks.
Step by Step Example
Let's figure out how to draw a pyramid step by step? This is done in just three steps.
Stage 1
We draw the base as in the previous example.
Stage 2
Erase the edge of the invisible part of the base. We circle the finished contour.
Stage 3
We imagine what the lighting will be like and where the light will fall from. It could be the sun in the desert, or maybe the light from a lamp that falls on a tabletop figure. The side on which the light falls is lighter, in the shadow - darker. With a more detailed approach, you can impose a shadow between the stones of the monument.
Egyptian pyramid
Now let's see how to draw an Egyptian pyramid. To do this, we will depict it and the landscape of Egypt.
Let's draw the base.
Let's mark the top point. From the corners of the rhombus we will construct the edges of the figure. Let's draw a horizon.
You can build as indicated in the first part of the article. For convenience, we depict in different ways.
Let's draw the texture and sand.
Let's add the sun, the sky, the relief of the desert, the shadow that falls from the back of the sun. Let's not forget about the shadow on the structure itself.
Our drawing is ready.
Tomb of Cheops
One of the greatest tombs in Egypt. In this part of the lesson, we will learn how to draw the pyramid of Cheops on paper. To do this, we need to build a pyramid, an entrance to it and statues on both sides of the doors.
We draw a triangle.
Adding perspective. Details on how to build perspective are shown in the first parts of the lesson.
We draw the texture. The horizontal lines of the brick are parallel to the horizontal lines of the base of the structure. Otherwise, the brick is drawn like a regular rectangle, only you need to take into account that what is closer to the eye is larger, and further is smaller.
We leave free space in order to fit the entrance and statues. The rest can be circled.
We build a rectangle. After that, two lines parallel to the rectangle to the right and left of it. These marks will help us when depicting statues.
Let's draw the entrance and the statues in more detail.
Let's draw the relief of the desert, the sky and the sun. Let's add color.
Egyptian landscape
The Egyptian landscape is ready!
triangular pyramid
One of the main features of the figure is its correct construction, this also applies to the question of how to draw a triangular pyramid. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were buried, whose body remained the same as in its original state after embalming for many many years. The secret of this is that inside a correctly constructed polyhedron, life processes slow down.
To conclude this little tutorial, we'll see how to draw a triangular pyramid.
We draw a figure with three equal sides. The easiest way to do this is to use a protractor. Each angle in an equilateral triangle is 60 degrees.
Measure each side and divide in half. Draw a line from the opposite corner to the middle of each side. Let's mark the point of intersection of the three obtained lines.
From the intersection point, draw a horizontal line equal to the height of the resulting line. Draw lines from the top of the triangle to the corners of its base.
And this is what a regular quadrangular pyramid looks like.
Many tourists dream of climbing the Egyptian pyramids to admire the views from them, however, this cannot be done. Otherwise, you can get three years in prison. Why it is forbidden to climb the pyramids, this post will tell.
On the pyramids, and most often on the Great Pyramid of Khufu in Giza, a variety of travelers of all stripes different countries and it's worth it. From the top, unique views of the surrounding lands open up, Cairo is as if in your palm ... And the very fact that you climbed to the highest and most mysterious man-made point of the Ancient World already inspires you.
But Egyptology and the protection of monuments is a strict discipline, and you can get punished for pyramid climbing: from deportation and the closure of entry into Egypt or the Egyptian kalabush. But it doesn't stop everyone. Previously, it was not so strict and climbed much more often than now. Photos taken in different time.
So why not climb the pyramid?
First, this ancient monument, and although it has withstood more than one thousand years, it is not immune from destruction and vandalism. Stones are crumbling bit by bit even now, and whole pieces can jump out from under your feet. Many people like to break off a piece as a keepsake or take it to the laboratory to be told whether it is concrete or not. Unless, of course, it's concrete. Others like to leave autographs, some with a marker, some with an awl. And the pyramid also needs protection, like any other monument anywhere in the world.
The second reason is just as banal. It's still dangerous. You can stumble on the sidewalk and break your neck. And here is a steep climb, and unstable (due to erosion) limestone, the rapids are quite narrow and, of course, not a small height. I did not find sources, but there were rumors that they often broke when trying to climb or climb down from the pyramid. Maybe there are some other reasons, but the main ones are these: the protection of the monument and security.
Many people know about the ascent of Rascalov and his company to the pyramid of Cheops. If I am not mistaken, they managed to escape and now entry into Egypt is closed. But they gave us interesting night photos from the top of the pyramid.
A very recent story, when an 18-year-old youth from Germany, Andrei Tsiselsky, climbed a pyramid, and then posted a video on the network. Upon arrival in Egypt, he will be escorted to the kalabush, so that the path to the country of the pharaohs is ordered for him, and no one will extradite him to Egypt, since there are no reasons.
He climbed along the west side, and it was she who north side, well viewed by both the police and the administration. He noted with green - this is the house of the commandant of Giza, so to speak, he had to visit, although he did not let him into the house) Well, behind the whole administration of the complex. The author bought a ticket and immediately climbed. Of course, they will be waiting for him downstairs. It was necessary to go in the evening, sit out in a secluded place, climb up early in the morning and get down to the opening. And, of course, just not on the north or west side. Usually, many people climb the eastern one (like Raskalov), it is the most convenient and less visible.
Norwegian guys climbed in 2007.
Interesting video of the ascent to the pyramid of Menkaur
And here is how Y. Shcherbachev describes the ascent to the pyramid in his travel notes dated 1876.
There was also a case when a religious fanatic climbed the pyramid of Khafre, which is very difficult to do because of the poor condition of the blocks and the presence of cladding at the top. He climbed in to pray, and a special forces helicopter filmed him from there. And then, of course, kalabush. But what views did you see...
In the film "Death on the Nile" (1976), the heroes climb the pyramid of Menkaur.
Here is a photo from half of Menkaur's pyramid. It is the easiest to climb on, it is remote from the administration, and all the guards share the baksheesh.
companion pyramids
Upper Temple of Menkaure
The stone is not eternal...
Masonry with mortar at a level of about 30 meters.
There are less and less unsolved mysteries on our planet every year. The constant improvement of technology, the cooperation of scientists from various fields of science reveals to us the secrets and mysteries of history. But the secrets of the pyramids still defy understanding - all discoveries give scientists only tentative answers to many questions. Who built the Egyptian pyramids, what was the construction technology, whether there is a curse of the pharaohs - these and many other questions still remain without an exact answer.
Description of the Egyptian pyramids
Archaeologists talk about 118 pyramids in Egypt, partially or completely preserved to our time. Their age is from 4 to 10 thousand years. One of them - Cheops - is the only surviving "miracle" from the "Seven Wonders of the World". The complex called "The Great Pyramids of Giza", which includes and, was also considered as a participant in the New Seven Wonders of the World competition, but it was withdrawn from participation, since these majestic structures are actually the "wonder of the world" in the ancient list. 
These pyramids have become the most visited sightseeing objects in Egypt. They are perfectly preserved, which cannot be said about many other structures - time did not spare them. Yes and locals contributed to the destruction of the majestic necropolises, removing the lining and breaking out the stones from the walls to build their houses. 
The Egyptian pyramids were built by pharaohs ruling from the 27th century BC. e. and later. They were intended for the repose of the rulers. The huge scale of the tombs (some up to almost 150 m high) should have testified to the greatness of the buried pharaohs, things that the ruler loved during his lifetime and which would be useful to him in the afterlife were also placed here. 
For the construction, stone blocks of various sizes were used, which were hollowed out of the rocks, and later brick began to serve as the material for the walls. Stone blocks were turned and adjusted so that a knife blade could not slip between them. Blocks were stacked on top of each other with an offset of several centimeters, which formed a stepped surface of the structure. Almost all Egyptian pyramids have a square base, the sides of which are oriented strictly to the cardinal points. 
Since the pyramids performed the same function, that is, they served as the burial place of the pharaohs, their structure and decoration are similar inside. The main component is the burial hall, where the ruler's sarcophagus was installed. The entrance was arranged not at ground level, but several meters higher, and was masked by facing slabs. From entrance to inner hall Ladders and corridors led, which sometimes narrow so much that you can only walk along them squatting or crawling. 
In most necropolises, burial chambers (chambers) are below ground level. Ventilation was carried out through narrow shaft-channels, which penetrated the walls. Rock paintings and ancient religious texts are found on the walls of many pyramids - in fact, scientists draw some of the information about the construction and owners of the burials from them. 
The main mysteries of the pyramids
The list begins unsolved mysteries from the form of necropolises. Why was the shape of the pyramid chosen, which is translated from Greek as “polyhedron”? Why were the edges located clearly on the cardinal points? How did the huge stone blocks move from the place of development and how they were lifted to great height? Were the buildings erected by aliens or people who own a magic crystal? 
Scientists even argue over the question of who built such tall monumental structures that stood for millennia. Some believe they were built by slaves who died in the hundreds of thousands building each. However, new discoveries of archaeologists and anthropologists convince us that the builders were free people who received good food And medical care. They made such conclusions based on the composition of the bones, the structure of the skeletons and the healed injuries of the buried builders. 
All cases of death and death of people involved in the study of the Egyptian pyramids were attributed to mystical coincidences, which provoked rumors and talk about the curse of the pharaohs. There is no scientific evidence for this. Perhaps the rumors were spread to scare off thieves and marauders who want to find valuables and jewelry in the graves. 
The mysterious interesting facts include the short time frame for the construction of the Egyptian pyramids. According to calculations, large necropolises with that level of technology should have been erected in at least a century. How, for example, was the pyramid of Cheops built in just 20 years? 
Great Pyramids
This is the name of the burial complex near the city of Giza, consisting of three great pyramids, a huge statue of the Sphinx and small satellite pyramids, which were probably intended for the wives of the rulers. 
The initial height of the pyramid of Cheops was 146 m, the length of the side was 230 m. It was built in 20 years in the 26th century BC. e. The largest of Egyptian landmarks has not one, but three funerary halls. One of them is below ground level, and two are above the base line. Intertwining corridors lead to the burial chambers. On them you can go to the chamber of the pharaoh (king), to the chamber of the queen and to the lower hall. The chamber of the pharaoh is a chamber made of pink granite, has dimensions of 10x5 m. A granite sarcophagus without a lid is installed in it. Not a single report of scientists contained information about the mummies found, so it is not known whether Cheops was buried here. By the way, the mummy of Cheops was not found in other tombs either. 
It still remains a mystery whether the Cheops pyramid was used for its intended purpose, and if so, then apparently it was plundered by looters in the past centuries. The name of the ruler, by whose order and project this tomb was built, was learned from the drawings and hieroglyphs above the burial chamber. All other Egyptian pyramids, with the exception of Djoser, have a simpler engineering device. 
Two other necropolises in Giza, built for the heirs of Cheops, are somewhat more modest in size:
Tourists travel to Giza from all over Egypt, because this city is actually a suburb of Cairo, and all transport interchanges lead to it. Travelers from Russia usually go to Giza as part of excursion groups from Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurghada. The trip is long, 6-8 hours one way, so the tour is usually designed for 2 days. 
The great buildings are available for visiting only during working hours, usually until 17:00, in the month of Ramadan - until 15:00. It is not recommended to enter inside for asthmatics, as well as for people suffering from claustrophobia, nervous and cardiovascular diseases. You must take with you on the tour drinking water and headwear. The tour fee consists of several parts:
- Entrance to the complex.
- Entrance inside the pyramid of Cheops or Khafre.
- Entrance to the Museum of the Solar boat, on which the body of the pharaoh was transported across the Nile.
Against the backdrop of the Egyptian pyramids, many people like to take photos while sitting on camels. You can bargain with camel owners.
Pyramid of Djoser
The first pyramid in the world is located in Saqqara, near Memphis - former capital Ancient Egypt. Today, the pyramid of Djoser is not as attractive to tourists as the Cheops necropolis, but at one time it was the largest in the country and the most complex in terms of engineering. 
The burial complex included chapels, courtyards, and storage facilities. The six-step pyramid itself does not have a square base, but a rectangular one, with sides of 125x110 m. The height of the structure itself is 60 m, inside it there are 12 burial chambers, where Djoser himself and members of his family were supposedly buried. The mummy of the pharaoh was not found during the excavations. The entire territory of the complex of 15 hectares was surrounded by a stone wall 10 m high. Currently, part of the wall and other buildings have been restored, and the pyramid, whose age is approaching 4700 years, has been preserved quite well.
