The best sailboat in the world. The largest sailing ships in the world

Ship " Royal Clipper » the largest sailing ship in the world that crosses the ocean in any weather. The ship recalls the glorious days of the dawn of magnificent clippers. Sailing ship owner Royal Clipper» Michael Kraft.

Was built in 2000. The owner personally supervised the construction, as he was attracted from childhood sailing. In the Polish port of Gdansk, he saw an unfinished steel hull for a training ship, but its construction stopped and he bought it. The refurbishment has begun. Bulkheads have been modified to create living quarters. The stem was decorated in the ancient style. After the conversion, the hull was sent to Rotterdam, where huge masts were installed on hinges to allow passage under bridges in some ports. And below deck, the best designers and decorators worked with the best types of wood and fabrics collected from all over Europe. They have created a luxurious interior that has never been seen before. clippers. After 14 months sailing vessel turned into a magnificent passenger liner. This is another cruise ship with masts instead of tubes. A boy's dream became a reality.

Your first swim sailing vessel made from London to Monaco. Passengers have a special feeling when they get on board. For one person, the cost of the cruise is 2500 USD per week. It is manned by the best sailors. The crew also includes several Russian sailors, as they have extensive experience gained during training in the Baltic sailingfleet.

sailing ship «Royal Clipper»

sailing vessel "Royal Clipper" with snow-white sails

"Royal Clipper" is a very beautiful sailing ship

five-masted sailing ship

This ship also has surprises that were not previously known. sailing ships. Steel hull, stainless steel rigging, teak decks and 60m high masts. In the absence of wind, the ship has a spare, which allows you to move without breaking the schedule. For a sense of passenger comfort, a watermaker and an air conditioning system are provided on board. The anti-roll system guarantees an oscillation amplitude of at least 11 degrees. The required amount of water is pumped into or pumped out into the tanks using a pump. The chimney is in two masts. Interesting on a sailing ship and propellers, they change the angle of the blades, up to the level of zero degrees, so as not to interfere with the course.

on the decks of a huge sailing ship

luxurious saloons of a sailing ship

sailing ship atrium

For all this, the creators spared no effort to challenge the ocean winds and recreate the atmosphere of a victorious march through the world of the fastest sailing ships. A sailing ship travels 7,000 miles in 10 days on time. There are 42 rectangular sails on five masts. They are filled with the same winds that filled the sails of ships carrying tea and spices from the Far East to the cities of Europe and North America. These called clippers because they managed to arrive at their port a few days earlier sailing ships different type.

The rhythm of life on board remained the same as it was a hundred years ago: watch keeping, sailing and so on. manually removes and sets the triangular staysails and the two lower rectangular sails, and the rest, in order not to send sailors to the masts, use a hydraulic system on a sailing ship, which is controlled by one person. On the masts, the sails are folded on special yards - this is a novelty in sailing technology. Each yard has a small hydraulic motor attached to a bar that runs through the yard. This system allows you to fold and unfold sails without the participation of human hands. This is very handy when changing weather conditions and doesn't take much time. Sailors are on the mast when they need to unravel the sail or carry out maintenance work. sails on ship enough to cover 13 basketball courts.

Sailing vessel « RoyalClipper» in luxury can compete with. There are three swimming pools on board, one of them has a glass bottom, through which the atrium is illuminated, built between the decks of the ship. Passing across three decks, it illuminates three levels of restaurants. The most expensive cabin will cost $5,000 per week. In others, the interior is no worse - there is a veranda or balcony overlooking the sea. The rooms are carefully cleaned by the staff. Everything is controlled by the hotel manager.

sailing ship captain

During each captain sailing ship « Royal Clipper» Juergen Mueller-Cyran gives the captain's dinner. This is a range of gourmet dishes, but the main ones are juicy lobster tails or Wellington beef. The best musicians of the Caribbean perform on board during dinner.

As entertainment for passengers, management is offered sailing ship, being at the helm or enjoying the seascapes, standing on the mast in a specially equipped place.

On sailing ship there is a platform in the stern that opens like a ramp and passengers can go ashore when " Royal Clipper» is within a mile of the coast or sand island. Vacationers are provided with various water transport: inflatable and motor boats, in combination with them, a banana boat and water skis can be provided. For lovers aquatic species Sports offered are surfing and diving. Having gone ashore, on a flat-bottomed boat, you can taste the best barbecue in the Caribbean.

TO no matter how hard motorized ships try to take advantage of sailboats once and for all, they do not succeed. There are a number of reasons why sailboats are still needed and are unlikely to disappear from the scene in the coming years. That cargo, which does not have to be delivered very quickly, is much more profitable to send under sail. The training of a young sailor, received under sail, "eats" stronger.

In the "manual work" associated with gear, and in the risk of rush jobs, a team is better created. And, finally, there are still enough people for whom romance is not an empty phrase.

That is why hundreds and thousands of sailing ships still sail the seas - from tiny yachts to cruise ships. Some of them have auxiliary machines, but the panels on the masts remain the main mover. This article will introduce you to the ten largest vessels that continue their activities.

Well, those who want to see these beauties not only in the photo, let them prepare: from April 30 to May 27, 2014 years will pass the legendary SCF Black Sea Tall Ships Regatta. A significant part of the route of the Black Sea sailing regatta will take place along the coast of Russia, and therefore the residents and guests of Sochi, Novorossiysk and other cities will have the opportunity to admire dozens of magnificent ships. Sailboats over 40 feet long will be participating, and over 20 teams from different countries. Among them will be the pride of the Russian fleet: Mir, Sedov, Kruzenshtern, Nadezhda and Pallada. By the way, they are all included in the TOP 10 largest sailing ships in the world.

Viking

The TOP-10 is opened by the oldest of the large sailboats. The four-masted barque "Viking" was launched in 1906, was used as a cargo ship (although even then most freight was received by motor ships), transported mainly wheat. After half a century of working history, it became a training ship, but since 1966 it no longer went to sea, since now only cooks are taught on it. Nevertheless, since the ship remains in the fleet, retained the sailing equipment and is able to perform evolutions (which it does on holidays in the city of Lilla Bommen), it can be considered an active ship.

This three-masted ship (that is, a ship with full sailing equipment) is often called a frigate, although this is not entirely true. The current training ship (port of registry - Vladivostok) and the legendary research frigate, after which it was named, simply merge in our memory. The current ship was built in Gdansk in 1989 and is one of the fastest sailing ships in the world: 18.7 catches. Diesel plant with a total capacity of 1140 hp serves only for navigation in stormy conditions, as well as when entering and leaving the port. Driven by a machine, the ship develops only 10 knots.

The permanent crew is 51 people, but Pallada regularly receives 144 trainees. The ship circumnavigated the world, and in addition to training tasks, participated in research missions.

The Gift of Youth was also built in Gdansk in 1982. It was also used as a training ship, and most recently withdrawn from the fleet, becoming a memorial. However, all functions are fully preserved, so for now the ship can be spoken of as operating vessel. "Gift of Youth" participated in international regattas many times and won many times (in Japan, Canada, Portugal). Permanent crew of 37 people, 136 trainees. Speed ​​up to 17, 8 knots, machine power 1500 hp.

Just like Pallada, Gift of Youth, Mir and other ships included in the rating, Nadezhda was built in Gdansk and is a training ship. Assigned to Vladivostok, Russian flag raised in 1992. Regularly makes training voyages, including long-distance ones, moving at speeds up to 17.6 knots. Sometimes the sails are assisted by 1222 hp machines. Crew 50 people, 143 trainees.

The same type as Nadezhda and Pallada, the Mir ship was built at the same Polish shipyard in 1987 according to the design of Zygmund Khoren. It is considered perhaps the fastest sailing ship in the world, as it has repeatedly confirmed the speed of 21 knots. He won many regattas, including the most prestigious world race dedicated to the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America. Crew 55 people, 144 cadets. The Mir ship is rarely seen in St. Petersburg, where it is assigned: most often, the three-sailed handsome man is at sea, and cadets are trained on it not only Russian, but also from other countries, incl. England and USA. The sails are assisted by engines with a capacity of 1550 hp, but not with propellers, as on most ships of the same type, but with water jets.

Built in Spain and launched in 1953, this vessel raised the flag of the Chilean Navy in 1954 and has flown the flag ever since. Esmeralda, like most sailing giants, is a training ship, often a diplomatic one. Often participates in sailing regattas, many times made transatlantic expeditions. Permanent crew - 300 people and 90 cadets. Due to the elongated proportions of the hull and a considerable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sails, she is a good walker, but not so much a record as capable long time maintain a high average speed. It is distinguished by its original topsail armament, due to which it is recognizable in more than 300 ports visited by it.

Sharing 4-5 places with the Chilean barquentina Esmeralda in length and width, Juan Sebastián Elcano can still be ranked higher due to its greater windage. Otherwise, these are very similar ships, although the Spanish one was built much earlier - in 1927. Until now, it serves as a base for training midshipmen, and during the war years it became an auxiliary warship. Named after the famous navigator who led the expedition of Magellan after the death of a senior ally. Barkentina made a huge number of various trips, including around the world.

Kruzenshtern

Now called in honor of the famous navigator I.F. Kruzenshtern, the bark used to go under a different name and with a different purpose. When built, completed in 1926, the ship was named "Padua" and was a private cargo carrier. In this capacity, he served for several years, until he was introduced into the navy of Nazi Germany. In 1946, due to reparations, it became the property of the USSR and received a new name. It served as an expeditionary oceanographic vessel, provided naval practice for cadets of the Navy. Then it received the pennant of the fishing fleet with the home port of Riga. With the collapse of the Union, it changed its home port to Kaliningrad and again became part of the navy, and then again raised the fishing pennant.

For the first quarter of the 20th century, such a building was quite common, and the Padua is just one hull from the Flying-P-Liner series. However, now no other ship from the series has survived. For its time, it was one of the best walkers, and even now it develops an impressive 17 knots under sail, about 10 knots under a machine (with a power of 2 x 1000 hp). Permanent crew of 70 people, cadets - 120. Made several round-the-world voyages, successfully participated in various international regattas.

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Launched in the city of Kiel in March 1921. First called Magdalene Vinnen II, after the name of the owner's daughter. At that time it was the fourth largest sailing ship in the world. As a merchant ship went to South America and Australia. In 1936 she changed ownership, received the name Kommodore Johnsen and became a training ship. During the Second World War, she became a military ship, engaged in the supply of troops. After the war, reparations passed to the USSR. It underwent repairs and returned to training activities again, instructing military sailors (belonged to the Navy until 1966). From 1975 to 1981, it underwent a major overhaul and modernization due to enormous wear and tear, then returned to service and is now based in Murmansk. He regularly participates in regattas, in 1991 and 1995 he won the prestigious Cutty Sark Tall Ships' Races. Under sail, it develops up to 18 knots, moving only with 2176 hp machines. - 10 knots.

He underwent many adventures not only in voyages: in 2000 he was arrested in French Brest for the debts of the Russian government, but was safely released. In 2012-2013, a ship with more than 90 years of history made its first round-the-world voyage. From 1928 to 1999 it was considered the world's largest operating sailing ship.

After 70 years of leadership of the Sedov barque, the five-masted ship Royal Clipper took over. The author of his project is Sigmund Horen, the same one who built several more ships from the TOP-10. The ship of the early 20th century Prussia was taken as a model, and then for some time it was considered the first in the world. But unlike her, which performed only cargo functions, Royal Clipper was originally built as a cruise ship. Belongs Star company Clippers along with two other large sailing ships - Star Clipper and Star Flyer. In summer, as a rule, he travels around the Mediterranean, in winter - in the Caribbean. In the off-season, it makes transatlantic cruises. In addition to sails, under which it develops about 20 knots, it is equipped with auxiliary diesel and electric engines (speed with a machine is 8 knots). A crew of 100 ensures a pleasant voyage for 227 passengers. Some consider it not only the largest operating, but also the most beautiful sailing ship ever built.

10 largest sailing ships. According to https://ru.wikipedia.org

Sailing vessel A ship that uses sail and wind power to propel itself. The first sailing and sailing-rowing ships appeared several thousand years ago in the era ancient civilizations. Sailing ships are capable of reaching speeds that exceed the speed of the wind.

1 Barque "France II"
- French five-masted barque. It is still considered the largest sailing ship in the history of shipbuilding. Laid down at the Chantiers et Ateliers de la Gironde shipyards in Bordeaux in 1911. The total length is 146.20 m, the displacement is 10710 tons. For example, the flagship of Columbus "Santa Maria" had a length of no more than 25 m.

2 Barque "R.C. Rickmers"
a five-masted steel barque built in 1906 by AG Rickmers, Bremerhaven in Germany. Its length is 146 meters, displacement is 10500 tons. The ship was equipped with a steam engine with a capacity of 1160 l / s.

3 Schooner "Thomas W. Lawson"
In 1902, the steel giant Thomas W. Lawson, the only seven-masted vessel in history, launched from the stocks of Four River Co. in Quincy. The idea of ​​its creation belongs to the shipowner Deon Crowley, obsessed with the desire to have the largest sailboat in the world. The length of the vessel is 144 m, the displacement is 10860 tons.

4 Royal Clipper Barque
- one of the largest sailing ships in the world. And, they say, the most beautiful. It was completed in March 1999 and is the third in the small fleet of Star Clippers, Ink (which also includes the Star Clipper and Star Flyer ships). Royal Clipper is built in the image and likeness of the legendary five-masted Preussen, with only one difference: Preussen was focused on the transportation of goods, and everything on the Royal Clipper was only for the comfort of passengers.

6 Barque Potosi
- a huge five-masted barque "Potosi" - at that time (1894), the largest sailing ship in the world. It was a response to the challenge thrown by France: the German windjammer was significantly larger than the five-masted France and became the first sailing ship in history, whose tonnage exceeded 4000 gross register tons.

7 Barque Kobenhavn
The last five-masted barque - "Kobenhavn" - was built by the Scottish shipyard "Ramage and Ferguson" by order of the Danish East Asiatic Company after the First World War. It occupied an average position among five-masted ships in size, but it could rightfully be called one of the most beautiful windjammers in the world thanks to the graceful lines of the hull and the proportionality of the spars with a slightly increased top sail area. Of course, the design of the barque was not without technical innovations. Like France-2, Kobenhavn was equipped with a diesel engine (though one, not two). A two-bladed variable-pitch propeller could have its blades set in a position along the flow, which reduced drag when sailing. Rigging winches became electric. Well main feature: the windjammer was not only a cargo ship, but also a training ship.

8 Barque "France I"
Length 133 m, width 14.9 m, displacement 7800 tons.

9 Schooner Wyoming
Built in the USA in 1909, the six-masted gaff schooner Wyoming is the largest wooden ship ever built. This is a unique vessel in terms of gross tonnage of 380 per. t was superior to the no less famous four-masted barque Great Republic. Like other large schooners, it made voyages along the east coast of the United States. An essential positive feature of the sailing rig of the schooner "Wyoming" should be considered the same height of the masts and the interchangeability of sails on all masts, except for the mizzen, on which the mizzen was longer.

10 Barque "Sedov"
- a four-masted barque, named in 1945 in honor of the famous Russian polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov. The largest sailing ship in the world of traditional construction. When launched at the shipyard "Germany" in Kiel in March 1921, he received the name "Magdalena Winnen II" - by the name of the daughter of the founder and owner of the ship company, as well as the customer of the ship Friedrich Adolf Winnen - Magdalena Winnen. In 1936, it was bought by the North German Lloyd company and was renamed by the new owners to Commodore Johnsen (German: Kommodore Johnsen) - after the legendary captain-commodore of the Happag-Lloyd company Nicholas Johnsen - and was converted into training sailboat. At one time, the ship was the fourth largest sailing ship in the world. Built for the shipping company "F. A. Winnen" - the company's ships bore the names of family members. Initially operated on the South American and Australian lines. During the Second World War, the ship was part of the auxiliary fleet and was used to deliver supplies to the troops under tow. In accordance with the decision of the Potsdam Conference on German reparations to the victorious countries, the ship was transferred Soviet Union in December 1945 and renamed "Sedov".

In this topic, I suggest you take a brief excursion into the history of early navigation, in the days of sailing ships. You will learn about how navigation and shipbuilding developed in different parts of the world

Historical outline navigation development

• Egypt

The first sailing ships appeared in Egypt around 3000 BC. e. This is evidenced by the paintings decorating ancient Egyptian vases. However, the home of the boats depicted on the vases is apparently not the Nile Valley, but the nearby Persian Gulf. Confirmation of this is a model of a similar boat found in the Obeid tomb, in the city of Eridu, which stood on the shores of the Persian Gulf.

In 1969, the Norwegian scientist Thor Heyerdahl made an interesting attempt to test the assumption that a ship equipped with a sail, made of papyrus reed, could sail not only on the Nile, but also on the high seas. This vessel, essentially a raft, 15 m long, 5 m wide and 1.5 m high, with a 10 m mast and a single straight sail, was steered by a steering oar.

Before the use of the wind, floating craft either moved by oars or were pulled by people or animals walking along the banks of rivers and canals. Vessels made it possible to transport heavy and bulky goods, which was much more productive than transporting animals by teams on land. Bulk goods were also transported mainly by water.

A large naval expedition of the ruler of Egypt Hatshepsut, undertaken in the first half of the 15th century, is historically attested. BC e. This expedition, which historians also consider trading, proceeded through the Red Sea in ancient country Punt on the east coast of Africa (this is roughly modern Somalia). The ships returned heavily laden with various goods and slaves.

• Phoenicia

In close navigation, the Phoenicians used mainly light merchant ships that had oars and a straight rake sail. Vessels intended for long-distance navigation and warships looked much more impressive. Phoenicia, unlike Egypt, had very favorable natural conditions for building a fleet: near the coast, on the slopes of the Lebanese mountains, forests grew, dominated by the famous Lebanese cedar and oak, as well as other valuable tree species.

In addition to improvement sea ​​vessels The Phoenicians left another remarkable legacy - the word "galley", which probably entered all European languages. Phoenician ships set sail from the large port cities of Sidon, Ugarit, Arvada, Gebala, etc., where there were also large shipyards.

Historical materials also speak of the voyage of the Phoenicians in a southerly direction through the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean. The Phoenicians are credited with the honor of the first voyage around Africa at the end of the 7th century. BC e., that is, almost 2000 years before Vasco da Gama.

• Greece

The Greeks already in the IX century. BC e. they learned from the Phoenicians to build ships that were remarkable for that time and early began the colonization of the surrounding territories. In the VIII-VI centuries. BC e. the area of ​​​​their penetration covered the western shores of the Mediterranean Sea, the entire Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea) and the Aegean coast of Asia Minor.

Not a single wooden antique ship or part of it has survived, and this does not allow us to clarify the idea of ​​​​the main types of galleys, which has developed on the basis of written and other historical materials. Divers and scuba divers continue to explore the seabed at the sites of ancient naval battles in which hundreds of ships were lost. Their shape and internal structure can be judged by indirect signs - for example, by accurate sketches of the location of clay vessels and metal objects that have been preserved where the ship lay. And yet, in the absence of wooden parts of the hull, painstaking analysis and imagination cannot be dispensed with.

The vessel was kept on course by means of a steering oar, which had at least two advantages over the later rudder: it made it possible to turn a stationary vessel and easily replace a damaged or broken steering oar. Merchant ships were wide and had ample hold space to accommodate cargo.

The ship was a Greek war galley circa 5th century BC. BC e., the so-called birema. With rows of oars arranged in two tiers along the sides, she naturally had greater speed than a ship of the same size with half the number of oars. In the same century, triremes also became widespread - warships with three "floors" of rowers. A similar arrangement of galleys is the contribution of ancient Greek masters to the design of sea vessels. Military kinkerems were not "long ships", they had a deck, interior spaces for warriors and a particularly powerful battering ram bound with copper sheets, located in front at the water level, with which, during naval battles, the sides of enemy ships were broken. The Greeks adopted a similar combat device from the Phoenicians, who used it in the 8th century. BC e.

Although the Greeks were able, well-trained sailors, sea ​​travel were dangerous at the time. Not every ship reached its destination as a result of either a shipwreck or a pirate attack.
galleys ancient Greece plowed almost the entire Mediterranean and Black Sea, there is evidence of their penetration through Gibraltar to the north. Here they reached Britain, and possibly Scandinavia. Their voyages are shown on the map.

At the first big clash with Carthage (in the First Punic War), the Romans realized that they could not hope for victory without having a strong navy. With the help of Greek specialists, they built 120 large galleys in a short time and transferred to the sea their method of warfare, which they used on land - an individual battle of a warrior against a warrior with personal weapons. The Romans used the so-called "crows" - boarding bridges. On these bridges, which pierced the deck of the enemy ship with a sharp hook, depriving him of the possibility of maneuvering, the Roman legionnaires broke into the enemy deck and started the battle in their usual manner.

Trading sailboat.

The Roman fleet, like the contemporary Greek fleet, consisted of two main types of ships: "round" merchant and slender battle galleys.

Certain improvements can be noted in the sailing armament. On the main mast (mainmast) a large square straight sail is retained, which is sometimes supplemented by two small triangular upper sails. A smaller quadrangular sail appears on the forward inclined mast - the bowsprit. Increasing the total area of ​​the sails increased the force used to propel the ship. However, the sails continue to be an additional mover, the oars, not shown in the figure, remain the main one.
The value of the sail, however, undoubtedly increased, especially on long voyages, which were made as far as India. At the same time, the discovery of the Greek navigator Gippal helped: the August southwest and January northeast monsoons contributed to the maximum use of sails and at the same time reliably indicated the direction, like a compass much later. The road from Italy to India and the return journey, with an intermediate crossing by caravans and ships along the Nile from Alexandria to the Red Sea, lasted about a year. Previously, the path by oars along the shores of the Arabian Sea was much longer.

During trading voyages, the Romans used numerous Mediterranean ports. Some of them have already been mentioned, but one of the first places should be given to Alexandria, located in the Nile Delta, whose importance as a transit point increased as Rome’s trade with India and the Far East grew.

• Famous sailing and rowing ships

Ship of William the Conqueror

For more than half a millennium, knights kept Europe in fear high seas- Vikings. They owe their mobility and omnipresence to dracars - true masterpieces of shipbuilding art.
On these ships, the Vikings made distant sea voyages. They discovered Iceland, South coast Greenland, long before Columbus they visited North America. The snake heads of the stems of their ships were seen by the inhabitants of the Baltic, the Mediterranean and Byzantium. Together with the squads of the Slavs, they settled in the great trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks.
The main mover of the drakar was a raked sail, with an area of ​​70 m2 or more, sewn from separate vertical panels, richly decorated with gold braid, drawings of the coats of arms of the leaders or various signs and symbols. Ray rose with the sail. The high mast was supported by the stays going from it to the sides and to the ends of the vessel. The sides were protected by richly painted shields of warriors. The silhouette of the Scandinavian ship is one of a kind. It has many aesthetic merits. The basis for the reconstruction of this ship was the drawing of the famous carpet from Bae, which tells about the landing in 1066 of William the Conqueror in England.

"Vasa" Swedish warship

At the beginning of the XVII century. Sweden has significantly strengthened its position in Europe. The founder of the new royal dynasty, Gustav I Vasa, did a lot to bring the country out of medieval backwardness. He delivered Sweden from Danish rule, carried out a reformation, subordinating the previously all-powerful church to the state.
The Thirty Years' War of 1618-1648 was underway. Sweden, which claimed to be one of the dominant countries in Europe, sought to finally consolidate its dominant position in the Baltic.
The main rival of Sweden in the western part of the Baltic Sea was Denmark, which owned both banks of the Sound and the most important islands the Baltic Sea. But it was a very strong opponent. Then the Swedes focused all their attention on eastern shores sea ​​and, after long wars, captured the cities of Yam, Koporye, Karela, Oreshek and Ivan-gorod, which had long belonged to Russia, thus depriving Russian state exit to Baltic Sea.
However, Gustav II Adolf, the new king of the Vasa dynasty (1611-1632), wanted to achieve complete domination of Sweden in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea and began to create a strong navy.
In 1625, the Stockholm Royal Shipyard received a large order for the simultaneous construction of four large ships. Most Interest the king showed to the construction of a new flagship. This ship was named "Vasa" - in honor of the Swedish royal Vasa dynasty, to which Gustav II Adolf belonged.
The best ship craftsmen, artists, sculptors, and wood carvers were involved in the construction of Vasa. Hendrik Hibertson, a well-known shipbuilder in Europe, was invited as the chief builder.
Two years later, the ship was safely launched and towed to the outfitting pier, located just under the windows of the royal palace.

Galion "Golden Hind" ("Golden Doe")

The ship was built in the 60s of the 16th century in England and was originally called "Pelican". On it, the English navigator Francis Drake in 1577-1580, as part of a squadron of five ships, undertook a pirate expedition to the West Indies and made the second circumnavigation of the world after Magellan. In honor of the excellent seaworthiness of his ship, Drake renamed it the "Golden Hind" and installed a figurine of a doe made of pure gold in the bow of the ship.
The length of the galleon is 18.3 m, the width is 5.8 m, the draft is 2.45 m. This is one of the smallest galleons.

The ship of King Henry VIII "Henry Grace e" Dew

Warship, built in June 1514 in Wolwich (England) by order of King Henry VIII. The ship was very richly decorated. The front two masts carried three straight sails, the other two had latin sails, and on the bowsprit there was a blind and bowen blind.
The length of the main deck is about 50 m, the length of the keel is 38 m, the width is 12.5 m, the displacement is 1500 tons. Armament: 184 guns, 43 of them are of large caliber. The crew of 351 people, including 50 gunners. In addition, there were 349 soldiers on board.
In 1535 - 1536 the ship was rebuilt. 122 guns were installed on it and transferred to the karakki class.
In August 1553, the ship entered the parking lot in Volvich and burned down from a sudden fire.

J.Cook's ship "Endeavour"

Built in England in 1762 to carry coal. It was originally called the Earl of Pembroke. During the preparation of J.Cook's expedition, it was converted and named "Endeavor". Sailing armament corresponded to a typical 18th century barque. Sailing area: 700 sq.m. Length 36 m, width 9.2 m. Armament: 10 guns and 12 mortars.
In 1768 - 1711, J. Cook made his first round-the-world voyage on the Endeavour.

English barque "Mayflower"

A three-masted barque, built in 1615. On September 6, 1615, she left Plymouth with 102 passengers on board and 67 days later landed on the American coast in Massachusetts Bay, where the English colony of the first settlers was founded. Length 19.5 m, displacement 180 tons.
In 1947, the Society of Settlers began the reconstruction of the ship as a museum. In 1957, the restored Mayflower barque crossed the Atlantic Ocean and anchored forever in the port of Provincetown.

English karakka "Mary Rose"

The ship was built in 1536 and is one of the largest and most powerful warships of King Henry VIII. Displacement - 700 tons. The vessel is distinguished by the presence of three solid decks. Armament - 39 large and 53 small guns.
On July 11, 1545, the ship, as part of the English squadron, was preparing to leave Portsmouth. After lifting the bramsails, the ship began to roll, then lay on the starboard side and sank two minutes later. Of the 700 sailors and marines on board, only 40 escaped. The cause of the disaster, obviously, was the poor stability of the vessel due to overloading with artillery.
In 1982, the ship was raised to the surface in parts. After restoring it, it was decided to create maritime museum

The fully rigged ship was built in 1783 at River Hull and was originally named "Bethia".
1783 The laying of the keel of a ship at Dock No. 2 at River Hull. May 26, 1787 Bought by the British Navy through the Meyers, Sharpe and Brian Bank for £2,600. Transferred to the shipyard in Durford for retrofitting. 8 June 1787 Renamed HMS "Bounty"
August 16, 1787 Lieutenant William Bligh is appointed captain of HMS Bounty by the Admiralty. December 23, 1787 Start of voyage to Tahiti.
March 23 - April 21, 1788 An attempt to go around Cape Horn was unsuccessful, a course was taken for the Cape of Good Hope.
May 24 - June 28, 1788 Repair and replenishment of food stocks in the port of False Bay. August 20 - September 3, 1788 Resupply at Adventure Bay. October 26, 1788 The ship reached Matavai Bay, Tahiti. April 4, 1789 The ship leaves Tahiti and heads for the West Indies. April 29, 1789 A mutiny breaks out on a ship led by Fletcher Christian. January 23, 1790 Bounty was burned on the island of Pitcairn (Pitcairn Island).

American frigate "Constitution"

The ship was built in Boston at the shipyard of Edmond Hartt in 1797 and was intended to protect against pirates of American shipping lanes in the Caribbean and mediterranean seas. The hull of the frigate is made of very hard white oak, which has withstood large cannonballs. The length between the stems is 62.2 m, the width is 13.6 m, the side height is 6.85 m. Designed for 44 guns, the ship often had up to 55 trunks on its two decks, twenty-eight of them 24-pound and ten 12-pound. Crew: 22 officers, 378 sailors. Displacement 2000 tons. In 1844 - 1846, the frigate circumnavigated the world in 495 days. The frigate was afloat for 150 years. Since 1947, it has been put on eternal parking at one of the piers in Boston.

Ship "Eagle"

The ship was laid down in November 1667 in the village of Dedinovo on the Oka, not far from Kolomna, to protect merchant shipping with Persia on the Caspian Sea. The building was completed in 1669. This is the first warship of Russia. It was a type of marine two-deck three-masted ship with a length of 25 meters, a width of 6.5 and a draft of 1.5 meters, armed with 22 guns and hand grenades. In the summer of 1669, the Eagle, as part of a small flotilla, first moved to Nizhny Novgorod, and from there down the Volga to Astrakhan. In 1670 it was captured by the rebellious peasants led by Stepan Razin. After the suppression of the uprising by the tsarist troops, the ship did not succeed in playing any useful role. According to the surviving documents of those years, there is reason to believe that for many years, it stood idle in the Kutum canal, near one of the Astrakhan settlements, fell into complete disrepair.

"GRANDPA OF THE RUSSIAN FLEET"

In 1688, the attention of young Peter 1 was attracted by a boat belonging to his great-uncle. The future founder of the Russian regular military fleet on this boat, first on the Yauza, and then on the Izmailovsky Pond and Pereyaslavsky Lake, took his first steps in studying the basics of maritime affairs. On Pereyaslavsky Lake, he soon created a whole "flotilla" of such vessels. Since then, the thought of the sea and sea trips has not left Peter for a minute. What is this boat? In the 17th century the length of ships, even the smallest ones, was assigned in whole feet, so the length of the boat is 20 feet (of course, with the accuracy with which the shipbuilders of that time were able to withstand the dimensions), or rather -6 m 5 cm. The weight of the boat is about 1500 kg.

Sailing and rowing frigate "Apostol Peter"

The Azov campaign of 1695 finally convinced Peter I that without the presence of a fleet he would not be able to capture even a relatively weak seaside fortress. The city of Voronezh became the center of shipbuilding. Here, at the shipyard, 15 versts from the confluence of the Voronezh River with the Don, in April 1696, the 36-gun sailing and rowing frigate Apostol Peter was launched.
The ship was built according to the drawings and with the participation of the "skillful master of galley structures" Dane August (Gustav) Meyer, who later became the commander of the second such 36-gun ship "Apostle Paul".
The length of the frigate is 34.4 m, the width is 7.6 m. The ship was flat-bottomed. The sides in the upper part of the hull collapsed inward, which made boarding difficult. The quarterdeck was open, on the cut forecastle there were platforms to accommodate the boarding team. The ship had three masts with topmasts and a bowsprit with a vertical jib. Focal and mainsail were lower sails and topsails. There was only mizzen on the mizzen mast. In addition, there were 15 pairs of oars in case of calm and for maneuver. "Apostle Peter" served quite successfully in the Azov Fleet for 14 years.
In 1712, after the unsuccessful Prut campaign, the Azov fleet ceased to exist. The fate of the ship "Apostol Peter" is unknown, although Peter I instructed "to keep it forever as an example for superiority."

Frigate "Peter and Pavel"

In order to create a coalition to fight against Turkey for access to the Black Sea, Peter 1 sent a "great embassy" in the spring of 1697 to Holland, England and Venice - maritime powers that time. Together with the embassy, ​​more than 100 people were sent to study shipbuilding and maritime affairs. The group of volunteers under the name of Peter Mikhailov included the tsar himself. For about five months, Peter worked hard, he learned everything he could, learned all the tricks of a complex specialty. The tsar participated in the construction of the frigate "Peter and Pavel" from its laying down and almost to the end of the work.
The construction was supervised by the shipbuilder of the East India Company Garrit Klas Pohl. The main dimensions of the ship: maximum length 32.85 m, waterline length 27.3 m, width 7.2 m, draft 2.75 m. Up to 40 guns could be placed on one closed and open deck. Upon completion of work at the shipyard, the master issued a certificate to Peter I, which noted that he "... was a diligent and reasonable carpenter ... and not only ship architecture and drawing plans ... he studied thoroughly, but also comprehended these subjects to the extent that we ourselves understand."
The knowledge of ship science at the shipyards of Holland, and then at the shipyards of England, allowed Peter I to personally design many ships and had a positive effect on the construction of the Russian fleet.

Ship "Fortress"

"Fortress" - the first Russian warship that entered the Black Sea and visited Constantinople.
Built in Panshin, near the mouth of the Don. Length - 37.8, width - 7.3 meters, crew - 106 people, armament - 46 guns.
In the summer of 1699, the "Fortress" under the command of Captain Pamburg delivered an embassy mission to Constantinople, headed by Duma councilor Em. Ukrainians. The appearance of a Russian warship near the walls of the Turkish capital, and the appearance of the entire Russian squadron near Kerch, forced the Turkish Sultan to reconsider his attitude towards Russia. A peace treaty was concluded between Turkey and Russia. This campaign of the "Fortress" is also notable for the fact that Russian sailors for the first time made hydrographic measurements Kerch Strait and Balaklava Bay, and also made the first plans for the Crimean coast. During the stay in Constantinople, many Turkish and foreign specialists visited the Fortress and gave a high appraisal of Russian shipbuilding. In June of the following year, 1700, the ship "Fortress" with 170 Russian prisoners returned from Turkey to Azov.

Frigate "Standard"

The Northern War already in the initial period convinced Peter I that it was impossible to achieve the conquest of the coast of the Baltic Sea with the help of one, even a well-trained army. It was decided to start building the fleet. On March 24 (April 4), 1703, at the Olonets shipyard on the Svir River, the Amsterdam shipbuilder Vybe Gerens laid down the first Russian warship of the Baltic Fleet - a frigate.
Its length is 27.5 m, width 7.3 m, average draft 2.7 m. Crew 120 people. On a closed deck, forecastle and poop, the ship carried 28 guns: 8-, 6- and 3-pounders.
On May 1 (12), 1703, Russian troops stormed the Swedish fortress of Nyenschantz, located near the mouth of the Neva. The path to the Baltic Sea was free. In connection with this event, changes were made to the royal standard: the double-headed eagle now held in its paws and beaks not three, but four cards - with the outlines of the White, Caspian, Azov and Baltic seas.
Launched on August 22, 1703, the frigate received the name "Standard", and on September 8 (19) of the same year, a new standard was raised on its main-bram-topmast. The ship under the command of Captain Peter Mikhailov (Peter I) crossed Lake Ladoga at the head of seven newly built ships and anchored in the roadstead of the Shlisselburg fortress.
Subsequently, he took an active part in northern war. On June 6 and 10, 1705, as part of the squadron of Vice Admiral K. Kruys, under the command of Captain J. de Lang, he fought with the Swedish fleet near the island of Kotlin. Timbered in St. Petersburg in 1711. The Shtandart frigate was part of the Russian fleet for more than 25 years and was dismantled in 1729.

Training frigate "Hope"

Shortly after accession to the Russian throne, Catherine II said: "We have an excess of ships and people, but there is neither a fleet nor sailors." At the initiative of the Empress, urgent measures were taken to revive the fleet in the spirit of Peter the Great. One of them was the reorganization of the training of cadets of the naval corps.
On June 21 (July 2), 1764, the Admiralty Board decided: "For the training of midshipmen and ... cadets, keep a three-masted yacht at the hull, which will be built and equipped with all the needs." There is no doubt that the construction of the ship took place, since the decision is categorical resolution of Catherine II: "Be on it!".
The three-masted ten-gun frigate "Nadezhda" was laid down at the shipyard of the Main Admiralty in St. Petersburg on December 23, 1765 (January 3, 1766), launched on June 4 (15), 1766. The builder of the frigate was the famous shipbuilder Lambe Yames. The main dimensions of the ship: length between perpendiculars 23.77 m, width without hull boards 6.71 m, depth 3.1 m, hold depth 2.82 m, average draft 2.34 m, displacement 270 tons, main sail area 445 m. The crew consisted of 28 people, including 17 sailors. The frigate could take on board 25 cadets. He swam in the area Gulf of Finland. However, due to the insufficient exposure of the building timber, the life of the ship was short-lived - in 1774 the ship was "dismantled due to dilapidation."
In the history of the Russian fleet, the frigate "Nadezhda" will forever remain as the first domestic training ship of a special construction.

Battleship "Glory to Catherine"

Zeichmeister General (Commander of Artillery) of the Black Sea Fleet I.A. On May 26 (June 6), 1779, Hannibal laid down the first two 66-gun ships of the line at the Kherson shipyard. The head of them was "Glory to Catherine". Presumably, the project of a new battleship was developed by the shipbuilder A.S. Katasonov. It was built by engineer I.A. Afanasiev. The length of the vessel along the lower deck is 48.77 m, the width without sheathing is 13.5 m, the depth of the hold is 5.8 m. that they can be used with the same benefit in action. The construction of the ship proceeded slowly, only on September 16 (27), 1783, in a solemn atmosphere, the ship was launched.
The military service of the "Glory of Catherine" fell on the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. Renamed in 1788 by General-Field Marshal G.A. Potemkin in the "Transfiguration of the Lord", the ship participated in all major operations of the Russian squadron, including victorious naval battles under the leadership of Admiral F.F. Ushakov.
The well-deserved fame gained in fierce sea battles puts this ship on a par with other hero ships of the Russian fleet.

Sloop "Vostok"

The ship was launched from the slipway of the Okhta shipyard in St. Petersburg in 1818. Its length is 40 m, width is about 10 m, draft is 4.8 m, displacement is 900 tons, speed is up to 10 knots. The armament consisted of 28 guns. The crew of 117 people. On July 3 (14), 1819, the Vostok sloop under the command of Captain II rank F.F. Bellingshausen, head of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition, and the Mirny sloop under the command of Lieutenant M.P. Lazarev left Kronstadt and on January 16 (28) of the following reached the coast of Antarctica. After repairs in Sydney (Australia), the ships explored the tropical part of the Pacific Ocean, and then on October 31 (November 12), 1820, again headed for Antarctica. On January 10 (22), 1821, the sloops reached the southern point: 69° 53" South and 92° 19" West. On July 24 (August 5), 1821, having completed the most difficult voyage, the ships arrived in Kronstadt.
In 751 days they covered 49,723 miles (about 92,300 km). The most important result of the expedition was the discovery of a huge sixth continent - Antarctica. In addition, 29 islands were mapped and complex oceanographic work was carried out. In memory of this significant voyage in Russia, a medal was knocked out.
In 1828, the sloop "Vostok" was excluded from the lists of the fleet and dismantled. In our time, the names of the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny" are two Soviet scientific Antarctic stations. According to the established tradition, the name "Vostok" passed to the largest research vessel.

Clipper ship Cutty Sark

Cutty Sark was created during the golden age of the sailing fleet - the era of clippers. A thousand years of experience in the construction and operation of sailing ships, many scientific and technological achievements accumulated by the middle of the 19th century. - all this was synthesized during the construction of clippers - the highest and last stage of sailing shipbuilding. Everything in the design of the clipper was subject to speed: a sharp, very elongated bow, streamlined contours, huge sails, a solid hull.
On the transatlantic lines, steamers have already begun to win convincing victories over sailboats, but on the Australian and Far Eastern ocean routes, half the globe the clippers still reigned supreme - the epitome of grace, light, swift, and the best of them was Cutty Sark.

Ships rest at the berths,
look into the water with sleepy haws,
attraction of mother earth
feeling tired sides.
They, like people, sometimes want
after storms and difficult voyages
feel bliss and peace
at the moorings of our Good, quiet Harbor ...

10

It was the largest sailing ship of its time. It had four full decks (the upper one was flush with the sides, as later on some ships). According to the project, he had to have a huge cargo capacity, while maintaining, in order to reduce costs, the usual crew size.

Unfortunately, before the first voyage to Britain, as a result of a fire, the ship burned out to the waterline and sank. After being raised and restored, it lost its upper deck, sail area and volume. cargo spaces have been reduced. The crew (130 people) was reduced by half. The Great Republic went through several owners until, during a storm in March 1872, she was wrecked and sank.

9

The last five-masted barque, built in 1921 by the Scottish shipyard Ramage and Ferguson by order of the Danish East Asia Company after the First World War in Copenhagen. On December 14, 1928, with 16 regular crew members and 45 cadets on board, he left Buenos Aires and headed southeast. The ship had to reach Australia in ballast, where it would receive the cargo - wheat - and deliver it to Europe.

On December 21, the last communication session with the sailboat took place, since December 22 the ship has not been in contact and has since been considered missing. What caused his death - a sudden squall or a collision with an iceberg - remained unknown.

8

Huge five-masted barque. It became the first sailing ship in history, whose tonnage exceeded 4000 gross register tons.

7

One of the largest barques of its time. France was preparing to host the World Exhibition in Paris, dedicated to the entry of the world into the coming 20th century.

A colossal steel tower has already been built - a symbol of triumph technical progress; later it will be called by the name of the builder Eiffel. Another such symbol, demonstrating the wide possibilities of metal, was to be the new French steel sailboat. The new sailboat and the giant tower were equally talked about.

6

A five-masted four-star cruising sailing ship built in the image and likeness of Prussia (1902-1910). It was designed by Zygmunt Horen, a Polish specialist in ship devices, entered service in 2000 and, being the longest sailing ship in the world, can accommodate 227 passengers. The ship can reach speeds of up to 20 knots.

5

The six-masted 125-meter double-deck schooner, built mainly from Canadian pine, is the height of perfection in wooden shipbuilding.

This is the world's largest and the only all-wood vessel in our top ten giants, which is of particular interest to both shipbuilders and sailors.

4

The only seven-masted ship in the world. It was launched from the slipways of the For River in Quincy in 1902. The famous shipowner Deon Crowley had a great desire to create the largest sailing ship in the world, as a result of which he was the inspirer and author of the idea of ​​​​building this giant.

Almost all the time, the sailboat was operated on the same line and transported more than one thousand tons of coal and other bulk cargo between the USA and Canada. However, in 1907 it was chartered by an oil company to transport oil products across the Atlantic Ocean. The vessel with full holds of barrels of oil products set off on its first and tragically last transatlantic voyage.

3

Merchant ship, five-masted barque. Like all ships built by AG Rickmers, the hull was traditionally painted green. Below the waterline - red.

Given that the ship was equipped with a steam engine, it did not appear on the lists of the largest sailing ships in Germany, despite the fact that since 1914 it has occupied one of the leading places in terms of size and displacement. Some sailors jokingly called it a sailing steamer. The maximum carrying capacity was 7,900 tons. To increase the carrying capacity, even the coal bunker was reduced.

2

French five-masted barque. It is considered one of the largest sailing ships in the history of shipbuilding. Laid down at the Chantiers et Ateliers de la Gironde shipyards in Bordeaux in 1911.

During the Second World War, in 1944, the ship, which until that time was aground, came under the sight of an American bomber and was destroyed during a bombing exercise.

1

Five-masted sailing ship with an all-steel hull. It was the largest straight-sail ship in the world and the only five-masted sailing ship of this class in the world merchant fleet.

In 1910, Prussia collided with another ship while on a voyage with cargo for Chile and eventually sank.