Munich description. A Brief History of Munich. Social protection of the population

Munich — Munich

In this article you will learn:

Munich is one of largest cities southern part of Germany, founded in 1158 and being the capital. It is a large fast growing industrial center. Electrical, engineering, printing, sewing and chemical enterprises are located here.

The scientific sphere is widely developed in Munich. It is home to many universities, as well as one of the largest European public libraries.

Munich is known for its large brewing production and drinking tradition. Munich breweries serve - festivities, beer festival, famous throughout the world. It is celebrated on a grand scale in September-October of each year on Terezin Meadow.

Story

The status of the city of Munich was given by the Bavarian ruler Heinrich the Lion. Soon city walls were erected around the settlement, and a long and rich story Munich. After the unification of all the duchies of Bavaria, which occurred in 1507, it becomes its full capital. During the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Maximilian, who at that time was the Duke of Bavaria, took an active part in it. At one time, Napoleon visited Munich on a friendly visit. In 1818, the Constitution of Bavaria was adopted for the first time.

First World War memorable for Munich in that he was subjected to heavy bombardment. And the post-war period was a difficult period for the city. The beer putsch marked the year 1923. Then Hitler carried out the first unsuccessful attempt at a coup d'état, during which he was arrested. But, this did not prevent the city from remaining the main city of the National Socialists.

During World War II, the city was heavily damaged. During the post-war reconstruction, it was decided to follow the original layout as accurately as possible. Today in Munich there is a fairly high standard of living - high-quality and comfortable. It is a city characterized by a thriving economy and a great variety of cultural life.

Attractions

Munich is a city-museum, a place of accumulation of masterpiece architectural monuments, a venue for Oktoberfest and just a city worthy of attention tourist. There are so many attractions in Munich and its environs that it is simply impossible to list everything. But the places that every tourist must see will be described below.

Marienplatz and New Town Hall

The center of Munich crowns main square the city of Marienplatz with a Gothic palace called the New Town Hall. According to historical data, the town hall was built in the late 19th - early 20th century, although looking at it one gets the impression that it is much older and has been standing on this site for more than one hundred years.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Frauenkirche)

Most high building Munich. The authorities are forbidden to erect buildings higher than the Cathedral of the Blessed Mary.

The cathedral, in fact, is the crypt of the Wittelsbach family, who ruled in Bavaria for over 700 years.

The cathedral was built in gothic style and looks majestic, but for some reason it is not very welcomed by the locals, who speak contemptuously about this landmark of Munich.

Outwardly, the impressive and solid temple does not make the proper impression when visiting it, inside, according to the reviews of numerous visitors, it is uncomfortable, cold and miserable. Possibly in relation local residents the political background of the temple servants and their arrogance towards their parishioners influences, although this is another story.

old town hall

This building is much more laconic, does not have such a grace of decoration as the New Town Hall, and dates back more early years the buildings.

Glyptothek

Place of accumulation of works of ancient sculptors ancient rome and ancient Greece. The museum was founded under King Charles I. Statues of various mythical characters can be seen in the Munich Glyptothek.

Monument Museum Dachau

This is probably one of the scariest museums of our time. A museum saturated with heavy energy, filled with the memory of the thousands of deaths of children, women and men during the Second World War. The museum is based on the site of a former Nazi concentration camp. Only the sculpture erected at the entrance to the museum conveys the whole tragedy of those times.

St. Peter's Church

The oldest landmark in Munich ancient history, the church survived many fires and reconstructions, after which it successfully combines various styles of architecture.

Church of St. John Nepomuk

This temple is better known as the Azamkirche church. This name originated among the people due to the fact that it was the Azam brothers who erected this temple on a small piece of land, they managed to erect a truly fundamental work of architectural art. The interior of the church is stunning with splendor.

Olympic Park

The Munich Olympic Park was built to host the 1972 Summer Olympics. This favorite place for recreation with the residents of Munich, various cultural events are held here. The Olympic complexes serve as training and sports bases for the training of athletes and for ordinary citizens to go in for sports.

BMW Museum

The sanctuary of fans of the German car brand is the BMW Museum. The whole history of the creation of one of the favorite brands of the German car industry. More than 120 car models, from the very first to the latest developments of the corporation. Huge selection motorcycles. Men will definitely appreciate this museum, but girls will also be interested there.

The museum's opening hours are from 10 am to 6 pm daily, except Mondays. Ticket price from 6 (children) to 12 (adult) euros. Discounts for families and groups.

The museum is located 15 minutes from Munich.

Oktoberfest

The main influx of tourists in Munich coincides with the main event of Bavaria -. Hundreds and thousands of tourists from all over the world come to this grand celebration dedicated to the favorite drink of the Bavarians. Beer flows like water, tons of sausages are eaten, a joyful mood reigns everywhere. Many connoisseurs of a foamy drink dream of a vacation in Munich at Oktoberfest.

One of the largest museums of scientific and technological achievements is located in the city. The Toy Museum is one of the unusual museums.

A trip to Munich and acquaintance with its main attractions will surely be remembered by every traveler. The capital of Bavaria warmly and cordially welcomes visitors!

Sport

The variety of varieties presented in Munich allows everyone to find something to their liking. Close proximity to Alpine mountains gave impetus to the rapid development skiing and tourism.

Seasonal mass roller skating through the streets of the city on Monday evening of every week has become traditional. Also, the tradition included marathon races, which are organized twice a year.

IN summer season beach volleyball is very popular, tournaments are held on large beaches.

Of particular note is football. - the most famous German football club, which has a huge number of titles. The famous Allianz Arena is the home stadium of the grandiose club. Also in Munich, hockey and basketball are well developed. At one time in the city passed Olympic Games and the world championships in football and ice hockey.

Transport

The main urban transport can be called trains and metro. Munich has a well-developed bus and tram network. Main Train Station Munich has a huge passenger traffic and serves more than three hundred thousand passengers a day. In addition, they function Eastern Station and Munich-Pasing in the west. Regional and international high-speed trains pass through them.

Munich Airport is one of largest airports Germany, passing up to fifty million passengers a year.

The cheapest tickets from Moscow to Munich and back

Munich is an important part of the highways of the southern part of Germany. From it originates movement to various parts of the country. From it you can go to Austria and Italy.

There are several transport rings in the city: Old city, autobahn and average. Traffic on cars is greatly complicated by constant traffic jams.

Taxi

A taxi in the city is not cheap, the landing costs 3.5 euros, plus you pay 1.5 -1.8 euros for each kilometer. Also, if you have large luggage, the taxi driver will charge you 1.2 euros.

Bicycles

Munich is a city where cycling is well developed. It will cost you 3 euros per hour to rent a bike. Gathered to ride all day - 15 euros. (As elsewhere, you will be charged a deposit - 50 euros).

Excursions

If you are going to visit Munich, the Tripster service will help you choose an excursion to your liking. Excellent guides or ordinary people living in Munich are ready to show you the city, its sights and beauties.

Where to stay in Munich

We suggest you take a look at the hotels that are located near the city center.

Munich is a German city centuries of history. He and the museum open sky, and the picture center of Europe, and the beer capital of Germany, and the concentration of science. The modern motto "Munich loves you" reflects its essence, attitude towards guests and indigenous people.

History of Munich

The date of birth is 1158. Located on the coast deep river Isar Monastery became its foundation. Actually, "at the monks" - this is how the name Munich is translated. Duke Henry the Lion was looking for a place where he could establish the capital of his lands. The choice fell on the settlement due to its good location. ruler built new bridge, redirecting the "salt" path through Munich.

The city began a rapid development, because salt was so valuable that it was recognized as the equivalent of money. This doomed the future capital of Bavaria to wealth and luxury. The greatest contribution to the development of Munich was made by the Wittelsbach dynasty, which dominated from 1180 to 1918. Its representatives were distinguished by a craving for art, which led to the emergence not only of a large number of magnificent buildings, but also to the appearance of entire streets decorated in one or another architectural style.

Emperor Ludwig IV during his reign from 1358 built administrative buildings in his residence, erected powerful fortress walls. At the end of the 15th century, when Albrecht IV the Wise took over the reins of power, the city acquired Gothic buildings, in particular churches and cathedrals. Representatives of the clergy began to flock here. And by the beginning of the 16th century, Munich witnessed the birth of the German Church Reformation and violent religious clashes.

The city was decorated with Jesuit buildings. In 1506 it became the capital of a united Bavaria. Since the 17th century, it has experienced both ups and downs. Munich experienced hardships, plagues, occupation by Austrian troops, peasant uprisings. In 1810, in honor of the wedding of the Crown Prince, the tradition of holding an Oktoberfest beer festival was born. Since 1826, the capital of Bavaria has become the center of science and education, universities have been opened everywhere.

From the beginning of the 20th century, the city passed from hand to hand to governments of various formations, the Wittelsbach dynasty was expelled. Hunger and desolation became the companions of Munich. He distinguished himself by creating National Socialism on his territory and, subsequently, big amount anti-war demonstrations. During the time received a thorough destruction.

Sights of Munich

Thanks to the frugality of the city's residents and pride in their cultural heritage, many buildings have survived to this day. What was destroyed during the wars of the last century has been restored or continues to be reconstructed. There are so many sights that a simple listing would take a solid book. But there are the main ones that any guest of the city must see in order to feel the spirit of ancient and modern Munich.

Marienplatz - central square, traditionally the first place to get acquainted with the city, one of its oldest sights. The Old Town Hall was built in the 14th century. Most of the building is a museum, as city council meetings are no longer held in it. The New Town Hall looks even older than the Old Town Hall, it was founded in the 19th century. It is larger, decorated with statues and figures.

Ludwigstrasse was founded in 1825 by Ludwig I. Here all the houses are monumental, built according to classical architectural canons.

Museums and galleries in Munich

The Alte Pinakothek is the largest Art Gallery Europe, where the original paintings from the Middle Ages to the XVIII century are collected. Most of the impressive collection of over 700 paintings belonged to the ruling dynasty. The Glyptothek presents reliefs and sculptures from Ancient Greece and Rome. Built in 1830 to please the avid collector, the crown prince. After the war, the building was destroyed, the exhibits were partially lost.

Since 1972, the Glyptotek has been reopened. The German Museum collects expositions of all scientific and craft achievements. Occupies whole island. Holds visual demonstrations every hour in which visitors can take part. In addition to the buildings that were originally museums, many buildings, such as the Old Town Hall or the Palace of the Nymphs, also hold an exhibition of expositions.

Cathedrals and palace complexes of Munich

St. Peter's Church is the same ancient monastery around which the city was born. Rebuilt countless times, including after total destruction. Frauenkirche Cathedral is the largest religious building in the Gothic style. The Palace of the Nymphs was founded in 1664 as a gift for the birth of a child. Completed by five generations, and grew into one of the largest palace complexes in Europe, summer residence rulers. Surrounded by picturesque nature. Combines different architectural styles. It is partially open to visitors, because the reconstruction of the complex after the war is still underway.

The Munich residence is the house of the ruling dynasty, which has been constantly improved and decorated since its construction in the 14th century. After the war, it was restored from scratch.

Vacation spots in Munich

Hofbräuhaus and Löwenbräukeller are two beer gardens, dearly loved by both locals and visitors to the city. Every year they deliver their foam product to Oktoberfest. Nature lovers appreciate the luxury of parks such as royal garden Hofgarten, decorated with pavilions and statues.

Muller baths are hidden behind the walls of a relatively young building from the beginning of the 20th century. Provide a huge variety water procedures from swimming pools to various types saunas, massage services. Munich is a diverse city that will appeal to the most capricious and demanding guest. It is noisy in its squares and quiet in its parks, it is ancient in its palaces and churches and modern in its stadiums and BMW showrooms. He loves everyone.

It is the German city of Munich. The population in it has long ago exceeded one million people. Besides, it's quite old. locality, which is cultural center region of Bavaria. Let's find out what is the population of Munich, what is its size, demographic characteristics, living conditions and much more.

Geographic location of Munich

Before starting to study the population of Munich, let's find out where this European city is located.

Munich is located in the southeast of Germany in the territory administrative district Upper Bavaria is federal Although Munich is the capital federal state And administrative center districts, but at the same time they are among the 107 cities in Germany with non-district status.

A Brief History of Munich

In order to understand how the population of Munich was formed, you need to look at it through the prism of history.

The history of the appearance of the first settlement in these places dates back to the Early Middle Ages, namely to 8th century when the monks began to live on the Petersberg hill. They made up the very first population of Munich. Annalistic evidence of Munich appeared only in 1158, but after seventeen years it received the status of a city with all the ensuing privileges. The city was mainly inhabited by the Bavarians - the sub-ethnos of the German people.

In 1240, Munich passed into the possession of Duke Otto the Most Serene of the House of Wittelsbach, who was the ruler of Bavaria and the Palatinate, which were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From that time until 1918, the Wittelsbachs did not lose the right to own the specified city. In 1255, after the division of Bavaria into two parts between the brothers, Munich became the capital of the Duchy of Upper Bavaria. In 1507, Bavaria was again united into a single duchy, but nevertheless Munich did not lose its capital status, remaining the center of the united state. In 1806, Bavaria received the status of a kingdom. Munich reached its real heyday under King Ludwig I, who carried out construction in the city, decorated it, and invited many famous cultural figures here. The city has become a real cultural capital of southern Germany.

During World War I, the city was bombed by the Entente forces. After the war, the king of Bavaria fled the country, and in 1919 in Munich, Marxist forces proclaimed the creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. True, less than a month later, Bavaria was returned to Germany (the Weimar Republic).

It is in Munich that the origins of German Nazism originate. Here in 1920 the National Socialist German Workers' Party was founded. In 1923, the Nazis launched an unsuccessful coup d'état in Munich, which became known as the Beer Putsch. In 1933, the Nazis still managed to come to power in Germany through democratic elections. But it should be noted that Munich at the same time became the main center of the anti-Nazi movement among German cities. During the Second World War, the city was repeatedly subjected to air strikes, during which the population of Munich was reduced by at least 25%.

After the end of the war, Munich fell into the American zone of occupation. The city was rebuilt. In 1949, it became part of the newly formed state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Munich became the largest industrial city in the country, as well as one of its political and cultural centers. In terms of size and population in Germany, this settlement is second only to the capital of the country - the city of Berlin, as well as Hamburg.

Population

Now it's time to determine what population Munich has. This indicator is the base for all other demographic calculations. So, the population of Munich is currently 1526.1 thousand people.

As mentioned earlier, this is the third largest result in Germany by the number of inhabitants. For comparison, 3490.1 thousand people live in Berlin, 1803.8 thousand people live in Hamburg, and 1017.2 thousand people live in the fourth largest city in Germany, Cologne.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out how the population of the city changed in dynamics. Munich mainly increased in this indicator, although there were periods when the number of residents temporarily decreased.

We will begin our excursion from 1840, when Munich was the capital of the kingdom. Then 126.9 thousand people lived in it. The population grew until 1939. So, in 1871 it was 193.0 thousand people, in 1900 - 526.1 thousand people, in 1925 - 720.5 thousand people, in 1939 - 840.2 thousand people . But the Second World War, which resulted in the mobilization of men into the army, as well as the bombing of the city by allied troops, significantly reduced the number. According to the 1950 census, the population of Munich is 830.8 thousand people, but we can say with confidence that in the first post-war years the number of residents was even less. But then the growth began. So, in 1960, the number has already exceeded one million inhabitants, thereby setting a record for the city, and amounted to 1101.4 thousand inhabitants. In 1970, the city was already inhabited by 1312 thousand inhabitants.

But then Munich, however, like the whole of Germany, suffered a demographic crisis. The birth rate has decreased significantly with the increase in society's awareness of the level of responsibility for the child. In 1980, the population fell to the level of 1298.9 thousand people, in 1990 it decreased to 1229.0 thousand people, and in 2000 to 1210.2 thousand people.

True, in the next period the number of residents began to grow again. Already in 2009, it reached a record level for the entire previous history - 1330.4 thousand inhabitants. But the growth didn't stop there. In 2013, the population reached the figure of 1407.8 thousand inhabitants, in 2015 - 1405.4 thousand inhabitants, and at present it is 1526.1 thousand inhabitants. The trend of population growth in the city continues to this day.

Population density

Which is occupied by Munich, is 310.4 square meters. km. Knowing the area and population, it is not difficult to calculate its density in Munich. At the moment it is 4890 people/sq. km.

For comparison, let's look at the density in other largest cities Germany. In Berlin, it is 3834 people/sq. km, in Hamburg - 2388.6 people / sq. km,. and in Cologne - 2393 people / sq. km. Thus, we can state the fact that Munich has a fairly high population density.

Ethnic composition

Now let's find out what nationalities people live in - Munich. The overwhelming majority of the population of the city are Germans, most of which belongs to the sub-ethnos of the Bavarians. Some ethnographers have even tried to distinguish them as a separate nation, since the culture and dialect are very different from the population of the rest of Germany.

But the city has quite a lot of immigrants from other countries of the world, as well as people with foreign citizenship including those with refugee status. The proportion of such residents exceeds 25% of the total population. But the social protection of the population of Munich extends to most of them.

Most of all among the population of Munich immigrants from Turkey. Their number is 39.4 thousand people. In addition, there are many immigrants from Croatia (29.3 thousand people), Greece (26.4 thousand inhabitants), Italy (26.0 thousand inhabitants), Austria (21.8 thousand inhabitants), Poland (21.1 thousand inhabitants), Bosnia and Herzegovina (16.5 thousand inhabitants), Romania (16.2 thousand inhabitants), Serbia (13.5 thousand inhabitants). It should be noted that in Lately the influx of refugees from Arab countries, mainly from Syria. However, this is a problem not only in Munich or Germany, but throughout Europe. At the same time, Munich has the largest percentage of residents with a migration background in relation to the total urban population (compared to other large German settlements).

Religion

Almost half of Munich's population does not belong to any religious community. These people make up about 45% of total number residents. At the same time, 33.1% of the population are members of the Roman Catholic Church, 11.9% are Protestants, 7.2% are Muslims, 0.3% are Jews, and another 0.7% belong to other faiths.

The administration of the city of Munich is trying to ensure the rights of representatives of all religious denominations of the city.

Employment

Now let's find out in what areas the population of Munich is employed. We present below a description of the main areas of production in the city.

The main branch of the Munich economy is mechanical engineering, in particular the automotive and aircraft industries. So, the largest German car manufacturing plant, which is a world-famous brand - BMW (Bavarian Motor Works), is located on the territory of the city. This enterprise provides the population with more than 100 thousand jobs.

The city has a developed electronics industry (Siemens concern). In addition, Munich is one of the largest beer production centers in the world.

But industry is not the only area of ​​the city's economy. The provision of various services, in particular of a financial nature, is also developed here, since Munich is a major banking center.

Social protection of the population

Like most other cities European Union, Munich maintains high social standards. In particular, the employment center is engaged in the employment of the unemployed and the payment of benefits to them. The population of Munich is thus immune to the problems that come with losing a job.

As mentioned above, refugees and other migrants are also not left without adequate protection. They are also considered to constitute the population of Munich. The Migration Service, as well as other social institutions, provided that the settlers comply with German laws, also guarantee them social protection.

General characteristics of the population of Munich

Munich is the third most populated city in Germany, the largest industrial and cultural center of the country. Currently, the city is experiencing a constant increase in the number of inhabitants, which is provided, among other things, by migrants, who make up about 25% of the total population of Munich. About half of the city's population does not practice any religion. Among believers, the majority are Catholics.

In general, we can say that Munich has excellent demographic and economic prospects.

Sprawled on a river called the Isar city Munich is the largest in terms of area and population in the entire federal state of Bavaria.. Almost one and a half million natives and almost two hundred thousand visitors live in Munich, who work in numerous enterprises of the amazing Bavarian city.

It is worth noting that Munich ranks third in Germany in terms of population after Berlin and Hamburg, which does not prevent it from being one of the main tourist centers countries.

Würzburg residence

Every year, hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world come to the capital of Bavaria to not only enjoy the mass of sights, monuments of architecture and history and visit one of the many museums, but also to taste the famous and best Bavarian beer on the planet. By the way, it is in Munich that there are private breweries that have been supplying their products for the legendary Oktoberfest for almost two centuries.

Having been in Munich, you can get the most complete idea of ​​what German quality, precision and order are. The city has a huge number of various research centers, universities and the largest Bavarian state library in the Old World, which can provide its visitors with more than six million publications for review. All this, undoubtedly, suggests that the most famous people live and work in Munich. the best specialists in their industries, and the educational institutions of the city annually graduate from their walls the most talented young people who, thanks to their education, find jobs not only in Germany, but throughout the world.

Bavarian State Chancellery

Munich is a beautiful city that seemed to have been specially created for the comfortable living of indigenous people in it. Even climatic conditions in Munich can be called ideal for the human body: in summer the temperature in the city rarely exceeds 18-20 degrees Celsius, and in winter it does not fall below minus 3 degrees Celsius.

Munich - a brief history

Munich is one of the few cities whose origin of the name does not cause controversy among historians and linguists. The word "Munich" comes from the ancient German word Munichen, which can be literally translated into Russian as "at the monks". It was no coincidence that the name of the city came about: back in the 8th century, monks set up their settlement on Petra Hill. The documents that have survived to this day speak of Munich as a city as early as 1175. Although its name can be found a little earlier - in 1158, however, then it was considered something like a village.

Nymphenburg Palace

The year 1255 became a landmark for Munich. The city and the territory adjacent to it from this period of time began to belong to the legendary Wittelsbach dynasty, who managed to unite all of Bavaria in 1507. They ruled these lands until the revolution of 1918. Even today in Nymphenburg Palace, which is one of the most beautiful sights in Bavaria, is home to the last of the descendants of the Wittelsbachs. Speaking about the history of Munich, one cannot fail to note the year 1810: in October of this year, the wedding of Ludwig I and Teresa of Saxony-Hildburghaus took place. On October 17, 1810, in honor of this wedding celebration, the first holiday was held, which later became known as Oktoberfest.

Munich in wartime

The first destruction of the city's buildings took place as early as 1916: then the French dropped three bombs from their planes on beautiful Munich at once. In 1933, not only Munich, but all of Bavaria, gave the smallest number of votes for the party of Adolf Hitler, and despite the fact that ten years before that, the famous Beer putsch took place in the city: even then Hitler, with his few associates, tried to take by force power in the country. The tyrant did not forgive Munich's weak support in the elections, as early as next year, on the orders of Hitler, more than 60 Bavarian politicians were killed on the night that was called the "long knives".

Isar Gate

Munich nevertheless became the center for the NSDAP, the reason for this was not only the Beer Putsch and numerous murders, but also the fact that this city became the starting point in the careers of Himmler and Heydrich. Surprisingly, already in 1933, not far from the quiet and cozy city, where life flowed as usual, a concentration camp was built in Dachau.

Reading all of the above, one can come to the conclusion that Munich was the lair of the Nazis, but this is far from the case: not in one German city there were not so many protests and there were not so many underground movements aimed at undermining the activities of the Nazis, as in the capital of Bavaria. One of these organizations, called the White Rose, allowed the American army to enter Munich in 1945 without firing a shot. Many participants in the movement gave their lives so that the elite SS troops could not blow up the bridges. However, the bombing and artillery shelling from howitzers almost completely destroyed the city center with its unique architectural monuments.

Gate of the Propylaea

At the beginning of the war, 815 thousand people lived in the city, just over 400,000 survived. Munich was one of the German cities where quite a lot of people lived. a large number of Jews. According to the most conservative estimates, already in the first years after Hitler came to power, 9,300 people were killed, and this despite the fact that the total number of the Jewish community in Munich was 10,000 people.

Munich - today

Describe the capital of Bavaria briefly, alas, will not work. A huge number of attractions, including magnificent squares, Nymphenburg Palace, St. Peter's Church, St. Michael's Church, the legendary Allianz Arena, a modern art gallery are just a small part of the monuments of history, architecture and culture of the Bavarian people. Of particular interest to tourists is the Cathedral of the Holy Virgin, which was built in the 15th century in the Gothic style. It is in this building that the remains of Ludwig IV are buried in a black sarcophagus. The two towers of this magnificent cathedral are the symbol of the city. At the entrance to this temple there is a footprint which, according to ancient legend left by Satan himself.

Glyptothek

If a traveler is brought to Munich, he should definitely visit the Azamkirche church, which, according to modern architects, is the best building in Europe built in the Baroque style. If you look at the tourist brochures for the city, which provides its visitors with various agencies and hotels in Munich, we can conclude that the capital of Bavaria is rightfully considered a city of museums. The most beautiful of them, which contain unique and priceless exhibits, are the Glyptothek, the old and new Pinakothek. They were created during the reign of Louis I of Bavaria. By the way, the old pinakothek, along with the Nymphenburg Palace, is the most visited place in Munich. It contains more than 9 thousand paintings belonging to the brushes of the greatest artists of the past centuries. One of them has no price - this is the legendary Madonna and Child, written by Leonardo da Vinci.

Of particular interest to football fans is the famous Allianz Arena, which is the home stadium for the formidable Bayern Munich club. Whole families go to Munich: regardless of age, everyone will find something interesting for themselves in this city. Children, as well as adults, will simply be delighted with visiting the Toy Museum. Among its exhibits are toys created by Ivan Steiger, numerous railways and a huge composition dedicated to the history and development of the Barbie doll, which at one time "conquered" the world.

Arc de Triomphe Siegestor

Munich - a note to tourists

A traveler who decides to visit Munich and get acquainted with all its sights is best to take an air flight. Not far from Munich is one of the largest and most safe airports in Europe. Surprisingly, even the airport, named after the famous politician, can be safely considered a Bavarian landmark. And how could it be otherwise: after all, in a year it easily serves more than 50 million (!) People.

In Bavaria, the city of Munich is strikingly different from all other cities in Germany. Munich people don't speak the kind of German that is heard all over Germany, they don't like the usual German beer. Even the Munich residents look different than the rest of the inhabitants of Germany.

In Munich, the attitude towards Bavaria and the Bavarians and the rest of the Germans is very special. For some reason, everyone is convinced that it is only by some misunderstanding that Bavaria is considered part of Germany. The common phrase “here you don’t, not Prussia, but Bavaria” can often be heard from local residents drinking beer in a bar. In Bavaria, there are always a lot of tourists coming from other parts of Germany. Perhaps it is the glory of Bavaria and Munich that attracts them here, as a local foreign country. AND local tourists and foreigners in the city of Munich, having arrived in Bavaria, they begin their acquaintance with it precisely from Munich - the capital of the federal state of Bavaria.

The easiest way to get from any part of Germany to the city of Munich is by using high-speed train. Tourists from here come here by car. Tourists arrive by plane from more distant countries. The headquarters of BMW is located in Munich, such giants as Alianz, Bayer AG, Siemens settled here. The salary in Munich is higher than the national average. But despite the fact that there are a lot of industrial enterprises in Munich (Bavaria), it is recognized as the cleanest city in Germany. The movement of local ecologists is very developed here.

As soon as you enter the city center of Munich, you find yourself in the medieval past of Bavaria. There is not a hint of the developed city of Munich. The history of Munich in Bavaria begins, judging by the annals, in the 8th century. It was then that the monks of the Tegernsee Monastery settled on Petra Hill. Now on this site stands the church of St. Peter. The very name of the city of Munich comes from the word Monh, which means monk. This is also reminiscent of the coat of arms of the city of Munich with a monk depicted on it in black robes. The first mention of Munich in Bavaria is found in 1158. It was in this year that a bridge was built across the Isar River, on which the city stands. It is this date that the people of Munich consider the birthday of their city of Munich. Although in Bavaria, in fact, the status of a city was assigned to Munich a little later. Gradually, in the formed Bavaria, Munich turns into the capital. Like any other city, neither ups nor downs passed. The center of the German counter-reformation at the beginning of the 16th century, in the 17th century it was conquered by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War, followed by an epidemic of bubonic plague, which claimed more than half.

The 20th century was also turbulent for Munich. In Bavaria, after the First World War, the political regimes were constantly changing. The republican government in 1918 replaced the Bavarian king Ludwig III, who fled the city with his family. In 1919, after the assassination of Prime Minister Kurt Eisner, the turn of the Bavarian Soviet Republic came, which lasted a little more than two weeks. Munich then became part of the Weimar Republic.

In 1923, Adolf Hitler attempted a coup d'état, which we know as the "beer putsch". On the Odeon Square there is a memorial plate reminiscent of this event.

After the Second World War, Bavaria became part of and quickly healed the wounds inflicted by the war. Already in 1957 in Bavaria, the population of the city of Munich exceeded 1 million people. The city of Munich is now home to 1.3 million people. It is the third largest city in Germany. The 1972 Olympic Games were held in Munich. In preparation for them, the center of the city of Munich was reconstructed, transport links were improved in Bavaria, and many Olympic facilities were built.

The city of Munich is rightly called among the political and cultural capitals Europe. This is where the 2006 FIFA World Cup was held. In 2007, Putin gave his famous Munich speech here, which opened a new page in Russian politics.

At Marienplatz, in the heart of the old town, there are two town hall buildings - the old one and the new one. The building of the old town hall is decorated with figures that start moving at a certain time and represent scenes from the history of the city. One of the scenes is connected with the legend of craftsmen who make barrels. According to legend, it was they who beat the barrels and urged the inhabitants of the city not to be afraid of the past plague and take to the streets of Munich.

The main symbol of the city of Munich - St. Mary's Church is located near the square. Its two towers with green domes are visible from everywhere. Also nearby is palace complex Residence, which was built over 600 years.

The Bavarian city of Munich has many of the most various museums. The main ones are the Alte Pinakothek with its largest collection of works by Rubens, works by Raphael, Dürer, New Pinakothek to which you can see wonderful work French Impressionists and the Pinakothek der Moderne. The City Gallery houses the world's finest collection of works by the Blue Rider group. The great Wassily Kandinsky was the leader of this group.

Munich residents, like no other in Germany, are proud of the history of their city. In Munich, Bavarians walk the streets in national Bavarian costumes. Leather pants, a white shirt and a hat with a feather - this is what a traditional Bavarian men's suit looks like. Women also often wear national Bavarian dresses. Munich people often speak the Bavarian dialect. Residents of other regions of Germany often simply do not understand them. Bavarian greeting Gruss Gott, which means "Greet God!" is a common greeting in Munich and Bavaria.

Public in national costumes especially a lot in pubs. Munich's main pub is the Hoffbrauhaus, founded in 1589. Regular visitors to this pub even have their own personal clay mugs, which are stored in a special cabinet under lock and key. And only the owner of the mug can use it. Hoffbrauhaus is the most the best place, in order to enjoy real unfiltered Bavarian beer.

Every autumn, the city of Munich hosts a beer festival in Bavaria - Oktorberfest. This holiday is over 200 years old. For the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig and Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghaus, a holiday was arranged for all residents of the city of Munich, at which all residents of the city were treated to free beer. Since then, Bavaria's Oktorberfest has become a tradition in Munich. Bavarian white sausages, pork knuckle with potato dumplings and stewed cabbage are a traditional treat for this holiday. Just remember that although beer flows like water, at least one person from the company must remain sober. But, they say, this rule is rarely followed. There are so many varieties of beer, and I want to try them all!

The city of Munich during the Oktorberfest is an endless holiday in Bavaria.