Sacred places of Baikal. Baikal mountain ranges

Not only one of the most beautiful places on Earth, but also one of the most mysterious and sacred.
There are many holy places on Baikal natural origin associated with the belief of the local population in shamanic spirits, in such places they worshiped and made sacrifices. This lake is covered big amount legends and legends.
The oldest lake Baikal is distinguished not only by its beautiful scenery but also many mysteries. On Baikal there are unique places of “power”, created by nature itself, which are closely connected with shamanism, belief in spirits.

SHAMAN STONE

At the source of the Angara River there is a rock protruding in the middle of the river. In ancient times, local residents of the Angara region endowed the Shaman stone with miraculous power. According to ancient beliefs, this was the dwelling place of the owner of the Angara - Ama Sagaan noyon. Particularly important shamanic rites were held on the Shaman stone, oaths were taken and prayed here in order to withdraw a false accusation or defend one's honor, a criminal was brought here at night and left alone over a cold, freezing stream, so that by morning he would confess to his deed.

If by morning the water did not take him away, if he did not die from fear and the icy breath of Baikal, he was forgiven. Evidence of the veneration of the sacred stone is the bottom strewn with coins around the Shaman stone.

CAPE RYTY

Cape Ryty is located on the western shore of Lake Baikal, opposite the widest part of the lake. For the local population, this place is sacred and forbidden to visit. Under no pretext, none of the natives agrees to land here on the shore.

Some believe that this place was once ancient city, as evidenced by the artificial stone wall. Others talk about an increased radioactive background. Until now, ancient prohibitions are observed on Rytom: you can’t cut a tree, shoot an animal, otherwise the local spirit will be disturbed.
There are no trees and no settlements on the cape, single boats, without landing on the shore, pass by, they don’t reach this place highway, and there is not even a trail along the coast. For unknown reasons, visiting the cape by the local population was tabooed, and this ban is still in effect today. Residents diligently avoid visits, calling it a cursed place, but, having talked, they can tell a lot mysterious stories associated with this sacred area. It is worth adding that this cape is included in the territory, and in order to land here, you need special permission from the administration. The protected regime, combined with local shamanic prohibitions on visiting the sacred cape, did their job: only rare loners dare to go deep into the gorge, and their stories about the riddles of Ryty turned it into the main anomalous place on Baikal. Last years There are many legends around this area. Branching fault of the gorge of the river. Rita has anomalous features, and since ancient times, visiting it has been taboo by local residents. There are no great reasons to break these prohibitions even now, it makes no sense just for the sake of curiosity to go into the “terrible and sacred place”, where angry gods live, the sons of the deity Uher, who send strong winds and causing damage to visitors to their homes. Shamanic spells still work in our time, it is easy to be convinced of this by tracing the fate of people who violated the age-old ban and penetrated the gorge. Many of them died prematurely and suddenly. According to local customs, one cannot pass by this place without honoring the spirits of Rytoy.

CAPE KHOBOI

Cape Khoboy (in Buryat khoboy - “fang, molar”) is the most northern cape on . The spectacular columnar rock, resembling a sharp fang from the sea, has a pronounced resemblance to the profile of a female head with a bust, as on the ancient Greek galleys from the east and west.

The local name for the rock is Deva. There is a Buryat legend, according to which this is a petrified Buryat woman who, out of envy for her husband, asked the Tengris for the same palace as the one granted to her husband. Tengrii with the words: “As long as there is evil and envy on earth, you will be a stone” - they turned it into a rock.

Cape Khoboy is now chosen by various spiritual schools as a place of meditation. On its northern side, these "representatives" did not hesitate to leave behind the Roerich sign in the most prominent place - a red circle with three dots inside. But the true, hidden sign of the island is not at all this. As a symbol of shamanic tales, on the northern edge of a monolithic rock, not visible from land and plunging into the water, at a height inaccessible to humans, two huge capes are built in crevices eagle's nest. According to Buryat legends, the first who received the shamanic gift was the son of the formidable master-spirit of the island of Olkhon, who lived in the form of a bald eagle. The veneration of this bird as the spirit of the island has survived to this day.

Cape Khoboy is associated with a legend about a dragon that, flying over the sacred lake, dropped its fang. Having fallen on Khoboy, the fang of the mythological animal went deep into the ground, leaving a characteristic trace in the outlines of the island. Some scholars suggest that this legend is connected with memories of the fall of some cosmic body (possibly a small meteorite) that happened many thousands of years ago. It is this local catastrophe that could cause strong geomagnetic activity in this part of Olkhon. Parapsychologists who often visit Khoboy note a constant powerful release of astral energy in the cape area, which is associated with numerous cases of ghostly substances appearing here. Locals claim that sometimes on the cape you can meet the spirits of your dead ancestors or even see your own former incarnations. The spirit of the White shaman emerging from the waters of Lake Baikal received special fame. It is believed that seeing a spirit is a great success.

The place is remarkable for its many-voiced echo, which is reflected from the monolithic rock. There are rare and relic herbs here. In winter, you can see the grottoes, fabulously decorated with splashing ice and transparent icicles. They are located at the level of the water's edge, their entrances are oriented to the north. In the rocks, at the water level, on the cape, there are grottoes up to 22 meters long, they can be viewed only in winter from the ice.

ROCK SHAMANKA

One of the most mysterious Baikal places is the Shamanka rock on Cape Burkhan, consisting of white marble, granite and quartz.
The shaman was previously called the "stone-temple". The first researchers of Baikal - in particular, the famous Russian explorer Vladimir Obruchev - noted that this place causes superstitious horror of the Baikal Buryats. No one except the shaman had the right to approach reserved place. If the need compelled, then the hooves of the horses were wrapped in felt and leather, so as not to disturb the peace of the owner of Baikal with a clatter. Women were supposed to bypass the rock for two miles.

A cave passes through the rock Shamanka. By the standards of speleologists, it is not so big: length - about 12 meters, width - up to 4.5 meters, height - in some places 6.5 meters. However, it was this cave that became the center of cult worship.

The Buryats were sure that in the cave Shaman rock Ezhin lives - the owner of Baikal. Ancient legends tell about 13 northern noyons - the sons of the divine tengris, who descended from heaven to judge people and chose different places residence. The eldest and most powerful of them, Khan Khute-baabai, settled in the cave of the Shamanka Rock.

According to the inhabitants of the village of Khunzhir, located near Cape Burkhan, for centuries the cave was visited by shamans of many peoples who inhabited ancient Siberia. Priests of pagan religions performed rituals in the cave associated with the purification of tribal karma and the removal of curses; falling into a trance, they got the opportunity to contemplate the pictures of the past and the future.

CAPE BOGATYR ON OLKHON ISLAND

From time immemorial, Bogatyr, the largest cape, has been of great attraction for the servants of shamanic cults. The ancient name of the cape - Fiery - is due to the fact that the first Russian travelers who sailed to the island at the end of the 16th century suddenly saw a huge pillar of fire that shot up in front of them from Baikal waters to the sky. The fiery wall seemed to prevent foreigners from entering the sacred land of the island. A similar phenomenon on the cape was noted from time to time later.

According to the Buryat shaman Wirbek, it is known that at Cape Bogatyr it is customary to perform rituals associated with the spell of the elements of power: fire, wind and water. Until the first quarter of the 20th century, among the leaders and elders of local tribes and villages, it was customary to bring newborn male babies to the cape. It was believed that once in this place, the future leader or warrior acquires special physical and spiritual strength and longevity.

LAKE SHARA-NUR

Not far from Lake Baikal, on the way to the Tashkinei Pad, surrounded by dense forest and hills, is located small lake Shara-Nur, which in Buryat means "Yellow Lake". It received a similar name for the cloudy color of the water, extremely saturated with hydrogen sulfide. For this reason, today the reservoir attracts people suffering from joint diseases. They say that the disease passes without a trace after several baths of the patient in the waters of Shara-Nur. In the old days local population she was afraid to dive into the lake, because she believed that a giant yellow snake, Shara-Kaaya, lives in it.

Local legends say: once upon a time a brave hero lived in these parts, who angered the evil spirit Erkin by not giving him his beautiful sister as his wife. As a punishment evil spirit turned the hero into a huge snake, commanding him to live forever in the waters of the lake and eat carrion from the lake and human flesh. It is believed that this is why the bodies of drowned people are never found in Shara-Nur - they are eaten by Shara-Kaaya. True, according to scientists, Shara-Nur, located more than 100 meters above sea level, is connected to Baikal by a network of underground tunnels, through which the bodies of drowned people leave along with the flowing water. However, even today, local hunters and fishermen claim that they sometimes hear sounds coming from muddy waters, similar to the growl of an unknown giant creature.

MOUNTAIN ALKHANAY

The highest mountain on the territory of the Aginsky Buryat National District - Alkhanai (1665 m) - is associated with the history of Buddhism and the name of Genghis Khan.
This is one of the Buddhist shrines of the Buryats. At its base is the temple of the Great Good. One of the interesting things here is natural grotto, in the vault of which there is a crack that goes into the depths of the rock, and water oozes from it, which is considered healing. Believers drink water and make offerings - grain or coins.

Astrological calculations of Buddhist monks showed that this peak is the place of visiting the middle world, where people live, the world of the Almighty, where the gods live. And the main patron of the highest point of Alkhanai is the deity Demchog - one of the five main Buddhas, whose name in translation from the Tibetan language means Eternal Good.

Since ancient times, the tribes of the Buryats and Mongols have spiritualized these places. There are 12 shrines on Alkhanai. The most revered of them is Uuden Sume (Temple Gate). This natural arch in the rock, according to the lamas, it forms a channel connecting our world with Shambhala.

A meter-high stone parapet surrounds the path along which pilgrims go to the temple. Pilgrims pick up stones from the path and thus make the path easier for those following them. Under the arch is a suburgan, a small Buddhist stupa built in 1864.

GENGHIS KHAN'S DESK

legendary place, associated with the name of the great warrior, is the Table of Genghis Khan ("Chinggis khaanai sheree") in the interfluve of Ugutere and Barun-Khandagay. It is a huge boulder, on which, according to legend, ancient writings were applied. Located in the foothills of the Tunkinsky Goltsy, 4 km west of the former Khandagatai datsan. Its dimensions are 8x6x1.5 m, the shape is ovoid from below, and flat from above.

WITH north side"stone-chair" measuring 3x1.5 m. A place of Buddhist and shamanic rituals revered by local residents.

Very great importance is embedded in the word "sheree": this is not just a table, but a throne.

WHITE MOUNTAIN

Sacred Evenki place. It is located in the central part of the Vitim Plateau, on the eastern outskirts of the Malo-Amalat depression, on the left bank of the Bagdarinka River. At the foot of the White Mountain is the center of the Bauntovsky Evenk region - with. Bagdarin. The village is named after the mountain - its Evenki name is Bagda-ure (white mountain).

The height of the mountain is 170 m. It is composed of light gray dolomites, and therefore it seems white from afar. The steep southwestern slope is completely devoid of soil and vegetation. The upper part is decorated with a number of sheer bizarre rock remnants in the form of towers, pyramids, pillars.
White Mountain has status sacred place. Since ancient times, prayer rituals have been performed here with sacrifices intended for the majestic and omnipotent spirit of the mountain.

MOUNTAIN JIM

Zhima - the highest point of Olkhon, is a mountain 1276 meters high above sea level. It is located in the east of the island, on Cape Izhimey.
"Izhimei" is rooted in the word "ezhin", meaning "owner of the area". In the shamanic mythology of the ancients, it is said about the god of thunder, the offspring of the Divine Sky itself, who wished to live near the famous Olkhon shaman Nagre-bo. Later, the palace of Mount Zhima passed to a couple of shamans, Ugete-noyon moved closer to the water's edge.

Aborigines honor the mountain, treat it as a shrine. According to the legends, gods and spirits lived on Zhima. The top of the mountain used to be crowned with a hut made of wood; there was also a pine hut created by the hands of Olkhon shamans. The embodiment of the spirit of the mountain is a gray-haired and bearded old man. Local residents often told stories about lost travelers, who were helped to get out to people by a certain ancient elder.

Climbing the mountain, coupled with the descent, will take all day, and the trail as such simply does not exist. You will have to go, cleaning up through the dense thickets of the forest and there will be no water sources on the way. Therefore, life-giving moisture should be taken with you.

MOUNTAIN BULL (BUHA-NOYONOY-HEBETSHE - SACRED MOUNTAIN)

A mountain near the village of Tory in Buryatia, north of the Irkut River. It is associated with the cult of the sacred ancestor of the representatives of the Buryat tribal union of the Bulagats Bukh Noyon - an earthly deity, the patron of the elements of the earth and pastures, and cattle breeding. The cult of Bukh Noyon was later borrowed by the Khongodors. At present, all Tunkinsky Buryats conduct shamanic and Buddhist rites at this place.

MOUNTAIN EXE-YORD

On the right bank of the Anga River, just two kilometers from Lake Baikal, eight kilometers from the village of Elantsy, a mound 42 meters high rises above the valley in the form of a dome. The outlines of the mound, composed of gneisses, granite pegmatites, quartz veins, seem to be man-made, although so far geologists have not found signs indicating that these plates were brought here by people. Neither on Mount Erd or a number of characteristic ob-cult pyramidal piles of stones that would testify that in ancient times stones were brought or brought to Mount Erd during any holiday.

Mount Yekhe-Yord is located on one straight line from Malaya Erdinskaya Sopka to sacred mountain on the shore of Lake Baikal, opposite these two hills, on the rocks of the left side of the valley of the Anga River, well-preserved cave drawings with pictures of animals. The fact that the lower ones are covered with sedimentary rocks also testifies to the antiquity of the drawings. Ancient drawings include a large number of images of running deer and drawings of horned people.

Here, since 2000, after a break of a hundred years, the Festival of the Indigenous Peoples of Baikal (Erdyn Games) is held every four years. Oral traditions about the games were preserved mainly by the Olkhon Buryats. Generalized information about them is as follows. The games were held either once a year, in spring, in May, when the ground was covered with fresh greenery, or twice a year, in spring and autumn. The main event at the games is the multi-day circular dance ekhor around the Yekhe Erd hill. To cover the hill completely around the perimeter of the dancers, you must have at least 700 participants. When so many people did not gather for the festivities, the games were considered unsuccessful, and those who arrived dispersed. In accordance with this, and in general, the year was recognized as unsuccessful, not bringing happiness and blessings to people. When a lot of people gathered, up to 2-3 thousand people, the games were held for several days, and the dance ehor was danced around the hills day and night, and during the holiday the dancers wore several pairs of shoes. During the holiday, only shamans climbed to the top of Mount Erd, no one else had such a right.

daily at 10.00 from the bus station (Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsii st., 11 stop Bus station, tram number 4). Travel time 8 hours. In the opposite direction from Khuzhir, the bus leaves at 8-45 in the morning.
By water: you can get to the village of Khuzhir from Irkutsk on the ship "Barguzin". Departure in the summer (from mid-June) daily at 9.00 from the pier "Rocket" in the Solnechny field (stop "Rocket", bus No. 16). Travel time 6 hours.

The sacred place Mount Bull is located near the village of Torah. The distance from Irkutsk to this sacred place is about 180 km. The foot of the mountain can be reached by car and then the ascent will take no more than 1.5 hours.

The most popular and famous place of power among tourists is Shaman Stone, located at the source of the Angara near.

In addition to the natural ones, there are a large number of Buddhist and shamanic places of power (datsans, stupas, obos) in the territory of the Baikal region, which require a separate description.

You can choose a recreation center on the coast of Lake Baikal.

Baikal mountains

Lakes surrounding the valley Baikal, consist of several mountain ranges; so, the mountains lying on the west. side B., bearing the name Baikal mountains, consist of two parallel ranges: Primorsky and Onotsky and a small segment of mountains lying between the mouth of the river. B. Boguldeikhi and Ostr. Olkhan, and replenishing the latter. Ridge east coast lakes, or the Trans-Baikal Mountains, is divided by the course of the Selenga and Barguzin rivers into 3 parts: southeastern, or Khamardaban, middle, or Selenga-Barguzin, and northeast, or Barguzino-Angara. The tops of the mountains of these ranges, apparently, nowhere pass over 1857 m, or 6087 f. absolute height, or 1373 m (4500 ft.) above sea level. lakes. The Primorsky Range of the Baikal Mountains, starting at the Tuikinskaya Valley, where in the southwest. corner of Baikal passes into the ridge, which has the highest peak Khamar-Daban, heading to the northwest, is interrupted by the Angara River and, dropping to 200 m, passes into the mountains of its valley. Then along the shore of the lake, continuing its north-east. direction rises again, but the alpine character takes on the confluence of the Baikal river. Ilgi, and its mountain peaks never reach the snow line. At the north-west. at the corner of Baikal, this ridge passes into the Upper Angara Mountains; here in some crevices of its loaches, representing torn Mountain peaks snow stays all year round. The Primorsky Range serves as a watershed between the small tributaries of Lake Baikal and the sources of the rivers running to the Angara and Lena. But some of the more significant tributaries of the lake, such as the rivers Ilga, Sarma, Anga, Buguldeykha and Goloustnaya, starting in the northwest. its slopes or to the southeast. slope of the parallel Onotsky ridge, with their course they cross the Primorsky ridge. The Onot Mountains represent a lower and shorter chain of mountains, in the southwest. their part passes into the ridge of the Kitoy Alps, is crossed by the course of the Angara, the Irkut and its tributaries, and in the northwest by the Lena and some of its tributaries. Adjacent northwest. with its foot to a flat hill, the peaks of the Onotsky ridge, although they rise to the southwest and northwest, rarely take on the form of an alpine, most of its mountains have soft contours. The rocks of this ridge are shales, limestones, with a layer of quartz, interspersed in places and attributed by Chersky to the Sillurian formation. A segment of mountains running from the mouth of the B. Buguldeikha to the east, interrupted by a small strait of the lake and passing to the island. Olkhan, where it turns in an arc to the northeast, should be called the Intra-Baikal Mountains, together with all the terrace-like areas closest to the lake with neighboring mountains, with rocky islands, of which there are up to 26 in Baikal, and Cape St. Nose. This segment of mountains, adjoining in the SE to the slope of the Primorsky Range, consists of alternating layers of limestones and feldspars, with a slight height not exceeding 762 m, or 2500 ft., descends in steep rocky slopes and rocks to the waters of the lake washing it; its mountains often take on an alpine character, presenting in other places broken peaks or truncated cones, and the side facing the sea is completely devoid of vegetation. The Trans-Baikal Mountains form the immediate outskirts of the plateau behind them, reaching in the southeast. parts of the greatest absolute height up to 2000 m; the ridge in this place acquires an alpine character, passing into the Sayan, to the river. The Selenge is gradually lowering and moving away from the shores of Lake Baikal. The middle, lowest part of the ridge at 800 m, or 2624 feet, is crossed by a wide river valley. Kiki; the peaks of the mountains of this part of the ridge have a soft, rounded character. Next, northeast. part of the Trans-Baikal Mountains again reaches a fairly significant height of up to 1800 m, and beyond the mouth of the river. Sosnovki takes on an alpine character. Since the ridges surrounding Baikal, with the exception of part of the southern coast, which has a low coast, until the 12th century. width, delta r. Selenga until the 43rd century, Barguzin and Upper Angara until the 36th century. the width and mouths of some other minor tributaries adjoin directly to the lake, then the slopes of their valleys are very short, especially in the northwest. parts. Almost all heights surrounding Baikal consist of large or fine-grained granites, syenites, granite-syenites, gneisses, crystalline schists and porphyries, alternating with each other, as well as with ancient limestones, sandstones and very thick layers of conglomerates. According to Chersky, the geognostic structure of the mountains on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal represents the Laurentian formation, with occurrences of Tertiary and post-Tertiary formations; while the western coastal slope of the mountains combines sediments of 4 different ages - pre-Silurian (Laurentian formation), Silurian, Jurassic and post-Tertiary. In general, 7 geological systems are developed in the mountains surrounding Baikal (see Baikal). Intermittency of different layers rocks, the veins and interlayers encountered in them, and, finally, interspersed grains of various sizes and colors - orthoclase, plagioclase, quartz, mica, venice, etc., greatly change and diversify the color of the rocks, sheerly descending into the waters of the lake. Volcanic eruptions are found in the plain near the southwest. extremity of the lake to the NW from Khamar-Daban. The oldest sediments to the east. The shores of Lake Baikal are coal-bearing layers belonging to the Tertiary formation. The older alluvial formations lie at a higher level of the lake and with larger boulders, while the less ancient ones are found in valleys and coastal areas. Alluvial formations are found: brown, ferruginous sandstone, interspersed with interlayers of conglomerate, then argillaceous sandstone with subsoil of shale clay and interlayers of brown coal; admixtures of magnetic iron were found in the Baikal pebbles. In the 82nd century from the Posolsky Monastery, to the SW, between pp. Kur-Kushevka and Pereemnaya, in a cliff on the shore of Lake Baikal, there are deposits of good quality coal used on Baikal steamboats. The peaks, slopes and valleys of the Baikal Mountains are rich in forest vegetation, especially the north-west. part of them, with conifers decisively predominating, consisting of larch (Larix Sibirica), pine (Pinus silvestris), spruce (Abies Sibirica), fir (Picea obovata), partly cedar (Pinus cembra), with a significant admixture in places of deciduous forest - from birch (Betula alba), aspen (Populus tremula), less commonly poplar (Populus balsamifera). Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), bird cherry (Prunus padus), genus alder (Alno betula), less often hawthorn (Crataegus Sanguiena) are often found in the valleys along the course of streams and rivers. The sides of the mountains are adorned in spring with profusely flowering shrubs: Rhododendron dahuricum (bogus in Siberia) with its dark pink flowers, Rhododendron chrysanthum, with golden-yellow flowers; meadows and valleys of intermountain areas are full of bright colors - from lilies (saranok), primroses, peonies and so on. There are many wild animals in the forests: elk, reindeer, common deer, roe deer, musk deer, and predatory animals: bears, wolves, vys and wolverines.

Sources:, S. G. Georgi "Reise" (1775); Erman, "Reise" (3 hours, 1833-43); his own, "Archiv für Wissenschaftt. Kunde von Russland" (vol. III, 1843); Meglitsky, "Verhandlungen d. minerelog. Geselschaft zu St Petersburg" (1850, 51 and 56, "Mining Journal", 1885, No. 4); G. Radde, "Beitr. zur Kenntniss des Russisch. Reiches" (vol. XXIII, 1861); A. Chekanovsky, "Izv. imp. ros. geogr. obsh." (1861, vol. V); "Izv. St. Petersburg. otd. imp. rus. geogr. obshch." (1870, vol. I, 1872, vol. II, 1878, vol. IX, 1880, vol. XI and 1881, vol. XII); I. Chersky, "Report on the geological research of the shoreline of Lake Baikal" ("Notes of the Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society" (vol. XI, 1874 and 1886, vol. XII).

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - St. Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .

See what the "Baikal Mountains" are in other dictionaries:

This term has other meanings, see Baikal (meanings). Baikal Bur. Baigal Dalai Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia

This is the name of the mountains that make up the watershed between the left tributaries of the Lena and the right Angara. Separated from the Onot Range at the headwaters of pp. Manaurki and Kudy, a low chain of mountains in the form of an undulating hill, called Manzurskaya, ... ...

Irkutsk province, lies north of Irkutsk and occupies the beginning of the river basin. Lena; the area of the district, according to Strelbitsky's calculation, is 76,952 sq. in., including under the lake. Baikal 11285 sq. V. and under the island of Olkhon 549 sq. c., therefore, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Surroundings mountains Transbaikal region on the banks of the river. Barguzin, 40 versts. from its confluence with Baikal, is located at 53 ° 27 N. sh. and 127°27 in. 1600 inhabitants. In 1648, a prison was built on the site of the city to collect yasak, in 1783 a y. G.… … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Elokhin- (Irk. region) m., pad, to the west. shore of Lake Baikal, on the border of the Irkutsk region. from bur. eloiha to glow (through the gap), clearance. In the area of Cape Elokhin, at a considerable distance, the Baikal Mountains drop steeply to the shore of Lake Baikal, but only at this ... ... place names Eastern Siberia

The most extensive part of the world (approx. 30% of the total land area), part of the mainland of Eurasia. General information. Pl. A. ok. 43.4 million km2 (with the Caucasus), incl. OK. 6 million km2 of the peninsula (Yamal, Taimyr, Chukotka, Kamchatka, Korean, Indochina with p … Geological Encyclopedia

Baikal Shaman rock on Olkhon Island Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia

It is impossible to imagine Baikal without its mountain necklace. In my opinion, the mountains primarily create beauty around the lake. Even from Irkutsk you can see the Baikal mountains. And that means Baikal itself. After all, the Baikal mountains and Baikal itself are one whole. These mountains amaze the imagination, make you think and bow your head. Relatively recently, small active glaciers were discovered in the Baikal mountains.

Main mountains

Where are they?

Slyudyanka.
Here is the first acquaintance with the mountains, if you are coming from Irkutsk. But these are not quite mountains in their true sense. It's more of a plateau. The area is hilly and flat.
Tunkinsky Goltsy- Southern Baikal.
Real mountain ranges with glaciers rise here. This place is popularly called the Tunkinsky Alps - this is the land of plains and alpine flood meadows.
Khamar-Daban- southeastern coast, Buryatia.
These are completely different mountains. They are massive, with wide tops.
Primorsky and Baikal ranges- northwest coast.
Chersky Peak(Baikal Range) reaches a height of 2580 m.
Barguzinsky ridge, Ikatsky, Golondinsky, Marine, Ulan-Burgasy- northeast and east coast, Buryatia.
The height of these mountains already reaches 3000 m. The most beautiful and remarkable of them is the Barguzinsky Range. He descends to Baikal itself.
Mountain ranges of the island Olkhon and Svyatoy Nos Peninsula.
Each of them is wonderful in its own way. Olkhon abruptly breaks off to Baikal. The massifs of the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula also face the lake with steep ledges.

highest points

Barguzinsky ridge- the highest on the coast. Height - 2840 meters. It stretches for almost 280 kilometers.
Mount Chersky- the dominant peak of the Baikal ridge. Height - 2572 meters.
Three-Headed Char- the highest point of the Primorsky ridge. Height - 1728 meters.
Baishint-Ula, Khamar-Daban- height - 2995 meters above sea level.
Khamar-Daban is the longest mountain range on Baikal. It stretches for 420 kilometers along the lake.
Mount Hurgah, is located between Khamar-Daban and the Barguzinsky ridge. Height - 2049 meters.

mountain tourism

mountain tourism Baikal is something special. And in general - Baikal is simply created for mountain climbing. Personally, I recommend doing this if you have at least the slightest physical fitness, appropriate equipment and a desire to see the beauty of Lake Baikal from a bird's eye view. It is not necessary to climb high mountains choose according to your possibilities.

Many travel agencies offer mountain climbing with an experienced guide. They are simple and suitable for almost everyone. I recommend Khamar-Daban - amazing mountain country. Climbing with a guide is safe. In addition, you will not be taken to the highest points.

Equipment

Climbing equipment should be as light as possible, not be afraid of stones, water, mud, snow and ice.

Boots

The most important thing is the equipment. They should be waterproof, comfortable, moderately heavy.

Extra pair of socks
thermal underwear
Special tourist clothes
Sleeping bags, mats, flashlight, bowler hat, matches
Backpack

This is probably the most necessary minimum to feel comfortable in the Baikal mountains.

As already mentioned, many companies offer their services in organizing such trips. Equipment and clothing can also be rented there.

Kayaking

Rafting on the lake can be done independently. But this requires special training.

There are several companies on Baikal that organize such rafting trips. We used the service of one such company. Special training is not required, personally we had no training at all. But still the tour is active. Therefore, it is recommended to visit a fitness club for some time before any rafting or just practice on your own.

Our rafting took place on the Small Sea. It lasted three days. On the one hand there was Olkhon with its great rocks, on the other - islets. We kayaked into the grottoes, stopped on the banks, climbed the rocks. sunbathing, swimming and enjoying clear waters. We dined on the beach. Rafting experience is unforgettable.

Lake Baikal has inspired many poets and artists for centuries, who have sung about its unusual charm. People came here not only for inspiration, but also to improve their health. unique climate. The picturesqueness of this landscape fascinates: in clearest waters the beautiful mountains of Baikal are reflected, which impresses with its scale and the primitive power of nature. There are several mountain ranges that form a kind of chain of hills next to the lake, one more magnificent than the other.

The most picturesque Baikal mountains

The entire majestic ridge deserves attention, but the most interesting hills are worth noting:

On the eastern shore are the Trans-Baikal Mountains. They are separated by rivers and rise with three peaks. Their height does not exceed 1857 m.

The Upper Angara Mountains can be distinguished on the northwestern coast of Lake Baikal. Snow lies in their crevices throughout the year, they are located on broken peaks, which looks very impressive, especially in summer.

Quite recently, an active glacier was discovered on Chersky Peak, which indicates that not all the riddles of the Baikal mountain ranges have been solved yet.

On south side the Tunkinskie Goltsy rise. Their tops in the form of pyramids are crowned with snow caps. Sometimes this place is called the Tunkinsky Alps.

Indicates the antiquity of this area Khamar-Daban. Chipped peaks rise here with giant landslides that block entire valleys. All this is a consequence of earthquakes that shook the Earth in the past.

The most prominent of the land on Baikal is the Barguzinsky Range. Its height is 2840 meters and its length is about 280 kilometers.

There are many caves in the mountains, which give special mystery and significance to the mountain frame of the lake. They are constantly being explored, but they still cannot unravel all the secrets. mountain frame lakes.

all peaks, valleys, slopes of mountains adjacent to Baikal are very rich in various forest vegetation. The side parts are covered with flowering shrubs in spring, which contribute to the overall charm. And the meadows lying between the mountains delight the eye with their colorful colors. Beautiful mountains Lake Baikal contribute to the overall splendor of the phenomenon called Lake Baikal. It is not surprising that this unique area is attractive at any time of the year, because the greatness of the mountain ranges is always unchanged.

Baikal mountains

Lakes surrounding the valley Baikal, consist of several mountain ranges; so, the mountains lying on the west. side B., bearing the name of the Baikal Mountains, consist of two parallel ranges: Primorsky and Onotsky and a small segment of mountains lying between the mouth of the river. B. Boguldeikhi and Ostr. Olkhan, and replenishing the latter. The ridge of the eastern shore of the lake, or the Trans-Baikal Mountains, is divided by the flow of the Selenga and Barguzin rivers into 3 parts: southeastern, or Khamardaban, middle, or Selenga-Barguzin, and northeast, or Barguzino-Angara. The tops of the mountains of these ranges, apparently, nowhere pass over m, or 6087 f. absolute altitude, or m (4500 ft.) a.s.l. lakes. The Primorsky Range of the Baikal Mountains, starting at the Tuikinskaya Valley, where in the southwest. corner of Baikal passes into the ridge, which has the highest peak Khamar-Daban, heading to the northwest, is interrupted by the Angara River and, dropping to 200 m, passes into the mountains of its valley. Then along the shore of the lake, continuing its north-east. direction rises again, but the alpine character takes on the confluence of the Baikal river. Ilgi, and its mountain peaks never reach the snow line. At the north-west. at the corner of Baikal, this ridge passes into the Upper Angara Mountains; here, in some crevices of its loaches, representing torn mountain peaks, snow keeps all year round. The Primorsky Range serves as a watershed between the small tributaries of Lake Baikal and the sources of the rivers running to the Angara and Lena. But some of the more significant tributaries of the lake, such as the rivers - Ilga, Sarma, Anga, Buguldeykha and Goloustnaya, starting in the northwest. its slopes or to the southeast. slope of the parallel Onotsky ridge, with their course they cross the Primorsky ridge. The Onot Mountains represent a lower and shorter chain of mountains, in the southwest. their part passes into the ridge of the Kitoy Alps, is crossed by the course of the Angara, the Irkut and its tributaries, and in the northwest by the Lena and some of its tributaries. Adjacent northwest. at their foot to a flat hill, the peaks of the Onot Range, although they rise to the southwest and northwest, rarely take on the form of an alpine one, most of its mountains have soft contours. The rocks of this ridge are shales, limestones, with a layer of quartz, interspersed in places and attributed by Chersky to the Sillurian formation. A segment of mountains running from the mouth of the B. Buguldeikha to the east, interrupted by a small strait of the lake and passing to the island. Olkhan, where it turns in an arc to the northeast, should be called the Intra-Baikal Mountains, together with all the terrace-like areas closest to the lake with neighboring mountains, with rocky islands, of which there are up to 26 in Baikal, and Cape St. Nose. This segment of mountains, adjoining in the SE to the slope of the Primorsky Range, consists of alternating layers of limestones and feldspars, with a slight height not exceeding 762 m, or 2500 ft., descends in steep rocky slopes and rocks to the waters of the lake washing it; its mountains often take on an alpine character, presenting in other places broken peaks or truncated cones, and the side facing the sea is completely devoid of vegetation. The Trans-Baikal Mountains form the immediate outskirts of the plateau behind them, reaching in the southeast. parts of the greatest absolute height up to 2000 m; the ridge in this place acquires an alpine character, passing into the Sayan, to the river. The Selenge is gradually lowering and moving away from the shores of Lake Baikal. The middle, lowest part of the ridge at 800 m, or 2624 feet, is crossed by a wide river valley. Kiki; the peaks of the mountains of this part of the ridge have a soft, rounded character. Next, northeast. part of the Trans-Baikal Mountains again reaches a fairly significant height of up to m, and beyond the mouth of the river. Sosnovki takes on an alpine character. Since the ridges surrounding Baikal, with the exception of part of the southern coast, which has a low coast, until the 12th century. width, delta r. Selenga until the 43rd century, Barguzin and Upper Angara until the 36th century. the width and mouths of some other minor tributaries adjoin directly to the lake, then the slopes of their valleys are very short, especially in the northwest. parts. Almost all heights surrounding Baikal consist of large or fine-grained granites, syenites, granite-syenites, gneisses, crystalline schists and porphyries, alternating with each other, as well as with ancient limestones, sandstones and very thick layers of conglomerates. According to Chersky, the geognostic structure of the mountains on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal represents the Laurentian formation, with occurrences of Tertiary and post-Tertiary formations; while the western coastal slope of the mountains combines sediments of 4 different ages - pre-Silurian (Laurentian formation), Silurian, Jurassic and post-Tertiary. In general, 7 geological systems are developed in the mountains surrounding Baikal (see Baikal). The intermittency of different layers of rocks, the veins and interlayers encountered in them, and, finally, disseminated grains of various sizes and colors - orthoclase, plagioclase, quartz, mica, venice, etc., greatly change and diversify the color of the rocks, sheerly descending into the waters of the lake . Volcanic eruptions are found in the plain near the southwest. extremity of the lake to the NW from Khamar-Daban. The oldest sediments to the east. The shores of Lake Baikal are coal-bearing layers belonging to the Tertiary formation. The older alluvial formations lie at a higher level of the lake and with larger boulders, while the less ancient ones are found in valleys and coastal areas. In alluvial formations there are: brown, ferruginous sandstone, interspersed with interlayers of conglomerate, then clayey sandstone with subsoil of shale clay and interlayers of brown coal; admixtures of magnetic iron were found in the Baikal pebbles. In the 82nd century from the Posolsky Monastery, to the SW, between pp. Kyp-Kushevka and Pereemnaya, in a cliff on the shore of Lake Baikal, there are deposits of good quality coal used on Baikal steamboats. The peaks, slopes and valleys of the Baikal Mountains are rich in forest vegetation, especially the north-west. part of them, with conifers decisively predominating, consisting of larch (Larix Sibirica), pine (Pinus silvestris), spruce (Abies Sibirica), fir (Picea obovata), partly cedar (Pinus cembra), with a significant admixture in places of deciduous forest - from birch (Betula alba), aspen (Populus tremula), less commonly poplar (Populus balsamifera). Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), bird cherry (Prunus padus), alder genus (Alno betula), and less often hawthorn (Crataegus Sanguiena) are often found in the valleys along the course of streams and rivers. The sides of the mountains are adorned in spring with profusely flowering shrubs: Rhododendron dahuricum (bogus in Siberia) with its dark pink flowers, Rhododendron chrysanthum, with golden-yellow flowers; meadows and valleys of intermountain areas are full of bright colors - from lilies (saranok), primroses, peonies and so on. There are many wild animals in the forests.