Holidays in South Korea. Cuisine and restaurants of South Korea. How to get to South Korea

The southeastern region of Korea is the richest in historical and cultural monuments. The Buddhist culture of the Silla era and the Confucian culture of the Joseon era are perfectly preserved here. In addition, you can better understand the history and culture of the country by visiting Korean museums. State museums display a rich assortment of imperishable artefacts, confirming Korea's rich five-thousand-year history.

The hot summer in Korea falls on the period from June to early September. Among sea ​​resorts the most popular is Jeju Island. Soft tropical climate, lush vegetation and well-groomed natural beaches of the island are famous far beyond the borders of the country.

Korea is an incredibly mountainous country with many first-class ski resorts. Heavy snowfalls in the northern and eastern regions of the country annually attract millions of tourists who want to enjoy the view of mountain hills covered with snow and high mountain slopes. The Alpine town of Pyeongchang (Gangwon-do) has been selected as the venue for the 2018 Winter Olympics.

There are a great many hot springs throughout the country. Travelers can choose the most suitable option for them from a wide variety of sources, ranging from urban spas that combine saunas and jimchilbangs (Korean public baths), and ending with hot springs in the open air, located on the territory of water parks.

Korea has a large number of amusement parks and special theme parks. Lotte World in Seoul is one of the largest indoor amusement parks in the world, and Everland Park is famous for being one of the world's most visited amusement parks.

Although Korea has huge selection shopping destinations in the form of department stores, malls and duty-free shops, authentic Korean shopping can only be experienced in traditional markets throughout the country.

If you are one of those people who enjoy scenic natural scenery, then Korea is perfect for your trip. There are about 21 national parks in the country, including three marine parks. Korea is true real paradise for lovers of hiking.

South Korea: Oops, gangnam style!

South Korea ( official name country - the Republic of Korea) is famous for its ancient history and rich culture, the royal palaces of ancient dynasties and numerous fortresses, Buddhist monasteries and temples, healing mineral springs and attractive sandy beaches.

The amazing beauty of Korean natural, historical and cultural heritage persists despite the difficult history of the country. Ranging from megalithic ruins and ancient tombs, ending with magnificent palaces and secluded Buddhist temples, a huge number of sights and centuries-old traditions are included in the list of protected World cultural heritage by UNESCO. These cultural assets represent a valuable heritage received from the ancestors and serve as a reminder to future generations of the importance of national relics. Special attention deserve 40 royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, Changdeokgung Palace, Gyeongju Historic Districts, Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple, volcanic island Jeju and lava tubes.

But very close you can see another Korea, whose dynamics of life violates traditional stereotypes. A country where advanced IT technologies flourish, where life is seething day and night, where tradition and ultramodernity coexist in interconnection.

The Korean economic miracle is so well-deservedly called. In the middle of the last century, South Korea was a poor state, the population here lived much worse than in neighboring North Korea. Now the South is one of the dozen largest economies in the world, and there is no desire to even mention the North. The Koreans themselves also try not to think about their northern neighbor. According to the laws of the Republic of Korea, there is no such state as the DPRK at all. The Korean peninsula is depicted on local maps as a single country, the media also bypass this topic, however, the demilitarized zone near the border and tunnels dug in the rocks by militant northerners to move tanks are one of the main tourist attractions in South Korea.

The land of morning freshness, as the Koreans like to call their homeland, invariably continues to amaze travelers. Ecological "green" tourism has recently become a hot topic in Korea. Many parts of the country have begun to offer special walking and cycling tours, and have also begun to strive for slow development, which implies the preservation of local natural values ​​​​and traditional ways of life.

Of particular interest to tourists traveling in South Korea are traditional events such as templestay and hanokstey. Templestay is a unique opportunity to learn Buddhist culture by experiencing it first hand. This program invites you to escape from the shackles of everyday life and feel inner peace. Cozy mountain temples, verdant forests, and refreshing breezes are what make Templestay in Korea so special. The Orders of Chogye and Cheongthae of Korean Buddhism provide the opportunity to live in Buddhist monasteries and join the ascetic lifestyle of monks.

Travelers who are interested in traditional accommodation and want to experience Korean hospitality should definitely try spending the night in a traditional Korean hanok house. Such houses are called living museums because they represent an outstanding example of the architectural traditions of ancient Korea and the social life of that era.

The Republic of Korea.

The name comes from the ethnonym used in the X-XIV centuries.

Capital of South Korea. Seoul.

South Korea square. 99274 km2.

Population of South Korea. 47,904 thousand people

Location of South Korea. South Korea is a state in the northeast, occupying the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. In the north it borders on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, in the east it is washed by, in the south and southeast - the Korea Strait, in the west -. South Korea also owns several islands, the largest of which are Jeju, Chedo and Geojedo.

Administrative divisions of South Korea. 9 provinces and 5 cities of central subordination.

Form of government of South Korea. Republic.

Head of state of South Korea. The president.

Supreme legislature of South Korea. Unicameral Parliament (National Assembly).

Supreme executive body of South Korea. State Council.

Major cities in South Korea. Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju.

Official language South Korea. Korean.

Religion in South Korea. 47% of Koreans profess, 48% - Christianity, 3% - Confucianism.

Ethnic composition of South Korea. 99.9% are Koreans.

Currency of South Korea. Won = 100 jeonam.

Climate of South Korea. continental, with cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers. January temperature fluctuates from -21°С in the north to +4°С in the south, in July - respectively from +22°С to +26°С. Precipitation falls from 900 mm to 1500 mm per year.

Flora of South Korea. Approximately 2/3 of the territory (usually in the mountains) is covered with mixed coniferous-deciduous trees (pine, maple, spruce, poplar, elm, aspen). Above are located. Coastal regions are characterized by bamboo, evergreen oak and laurel.

Fauna of South Korea. The leopards, tigers, lynxes and bears that used to live in the country have practically disappeared due to poaching.

and lakes of South Korea. The main rivers are the Naktong and the Hangang.

Sights of South Korea. National Museum, National Science Museum, medieval palaces Gunbok, Kunbok, Changbok, Daksu, Catholic Cathedral, zoo and botanical garden, five-story wooden pagoda. Pusak is known as a major seaside resort.

Useful information for tourists

The traditional system of hierarchy and respect for elders is still of great importance in all spheres of life. Direct questions about age and marital status are considered commonplace, as they allow the Korean to get an idea about the interlocutor and his place in the hierarchical system of society. Koreans avoid expressing emotions in public or laughing out loud in the presence of older people. Greetings are always pronounced with a slight bow, the depth of which depends on the position of the speakers. At a meeting, both the right and left hands are served and shaken, although the right hand is preferred - the left hand is placed under the right. Failure to comply with this rule may be regarded as a manifestation of impoliteness. More common is just a nod of the head, as well as a slight or respectful bow (depending on who greets whom). Usually they don’t look directly into the eyes - this is perceived, rather, as a threat or an attempt to provide a psychological one. Here they almost never say "thank you" or "nothing" so as not to embarrass the person who has shown the courtesy. When gifts are brought, they are quietly left at the entrance, and not shown to the person for whom they are intended. No one will also apologize by inadvertently pushing someone they meet on the street or stepping on their foot. Public displays of affection, such as kissing and hugging, are considered obscene.

At the table, they do not start eating until the eldest in age arrives, and everyone rises when he leaves the table.

During the meal, do not leave chopsticks in rice, as this is associated with a funeral. You cannot write names in red ink - this is how the names of the dead are written. Traditionally, Koreans sit, eat and sleep on the floor.

Therefore, when entering a Korean home, you must always take off your shoes. You can not stand on the threshold, so as not to let in evil spirits. It is impossible to talk about divorce, death or ruin, even as a joke, so as not to invite evil fate on yourself. It is considered indecent to be bare-legged in the presence of elders, so it is recommended to always wear socks or stockings when visiting a Korean family.

Tips are not taken in restaurants, the calculation is made not with the waiter, but at the checkout, which is located at the exit. There is usually no menu as such in Korean restaurants; all the names of dishes and their prices are indicated on a special table that hangs on the wall. Tipping is given only in large hotels of international class.

In the elevators of multi-storey buildings there is no fourth floor (the word "sa" - "fourth" sounds the same as "death"), so it is usually denoted by the letter "F" or the third is immediately followed by the fifth floor.

General information

Official name - The Republic of Korea. The state is located in East Asia on the Korean Peninsula. The area is 99,392 km2. Population - 50 004 441 people. (for 2012). The official language is Korean. The capital is Seoul. The monetary unit is the South Korean won.

The state occupies the south of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia and some nearby islands. It is washed by the Yellow, East China and Japan Seas of the Pacific Ocean. It borders on land only with North Korea (DPRK); to the east, the narrow Western Passage (or Busan Strait), part of the Korea Strait, separates South Korea from the Tsushima Islands that belong to it.

The northern part of South Korea is dominated by a temperate monsoonal climate type, while the southern part is subtropical monsoonal. In the mountainous regions in the east of the Republic of Korea, more severe weather. Here, at altitudes of about 1000 m, in summer during the daytime, the air warms up to +25..+27°C, and at night it cools down to +13..+15°C. In winter, during the day, the air temperature fluctuates around 0°C, and at night it is -10..-8°C. In the flat areas in the northwestern part of South Korea, August daytime temperatures reach +30°C, and nighttime temperatures reach +22°C. In January daytime air temperatures are +2..+4°C, nighttime temperatures are -4..-6°C. The climate of the southern part of the country is milder. Here, in the plains, the daytime air temperatures in August are +28..+30°C, and the nighttime temperatures are +23..+25°C. In winter, during the daytime, the air warms up to +8..+10°C, at night it cools down to -1..+1°C. There are almost no frosts on Jeju Island.

Story

The Korean peninsula has attracted people since the Stone Age, about 70,000 years ago. In Korea, the starting point of the first state of Joseon is considered 2333 BC. e. Although, most likely, this happened in the IV-III centuries. Neighborhood with China led to the fact that in 108 BC. e. it was subjugated by the Han Empire.

The next stop on the way to Korea is the state of Goguryeo, whose name comes from the tribe of the same name that became its basis. In 37 BC. e. it achieved independence from . And until 668 AD. e., when China again subjugated its neighbors, it managed to leave its notes in the history of the peninsula and in the souls of people.

The state of Kore (935-1392) became the successor of Goguryeo in name and genetics. It created the world's first printed metal matrix, ahead of Gutenberg's experiments, and it also became the "matrix" from which the name "Korea" comes.

In 1231-1259, six Mongol invasions took place on Kora. Their result was dependence and tribute for the next 80 years. This story ended with the overthrow of the last king of Koryo U and the formation of a new Joseon dynasty, whose king Kongmin ousted the Mongols from Korea in 1350. At this time, Hanseong became the capital of the state ( modern seoul), and the official religion since 1394 is Confucianism. The figurative name of Korea, as the "Country of the Morning Calm", is associated with the name of the kingdom of Joseon (cho - "morning", sleep - "bright").

But the country wrapped itself in its archaic traditions like a caterpillar in a cocoon. And this circumstance was tried to use by stronger neighbors. In the war of 1894-1895 it was China and Japan.

The victory and power over Korea went to Japan. King Kojong of Korea even fled the palace and lived in the Russian embassy for about a year. Then he returned, becoming emperor, without actually having any power. Moreover, from 1910 to 1945, the colonial dependence of Korea was formalized legally.

The defeat of Japan in World War II led to the expulsion of all Japanese from the country. But almost without intermission began " cold war". The north of the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the troops of the USSR, and the south. The difference in political poles created by this circumstance was so radical that in 1948 Korea was divided into two states: the pro-American (at that time) Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the pro-Soviet DPRK. The Korean War (1950-1953) cemented this status quo.

However, it was not until 1992, when the country's first civilian president was elected, that the Republic of Korea became a truly democratic state. With this last stage in the life of the country, its greatest successes and the growth of prestige in the world are associated. History has conducted an amazing experiment, showing how the same culture can dynamically develop if there is freedom, and end up in decline if it is squeezed, as in the DPRK, into the framework of a totalitarian state. Polls being conducted in South Korea show that many people believe that it is highly likely that in the future the two Koreas will become a single country. In the East they know how to wait.

Sights of South Korea

South Korea is amazing and multifaceted country, making a truly indelible impression on everyone who was lucky enough to visit it. Its charm lies in the harmonious synthesis of ancient culture and ultra-modern cosmopolitanism, ancient palaces and skyscrapers equipped with the most advanced technologies, full of life of megacities and amazing beauty nature, which the Koreans managed to preserve almost in its original form.

The capital of country - seoul. Finding yourself on the right side of the Han-gan River, on which the city stands, you will be transported hundreds of centuries ago, to the time when powerful royal dynasties ruled Seoul. Here is the oldest and largest palace complex Gyeongbokgung city, dated back to the 14th century. On this moment several museums operate on its territory at once, the expositions of which tell about the history of Korea, as well as about the life of its rulers.

Until recently, famous people remained in Seoul Great south gate (Namdaemun). They say they never completely burned out. The gates were built at the end of the 14th century, when fortifications were being built around the city. They were the oldest wooden structure in Seoul and were considered the main national symbol. But, alas, on the night of February 10-11, 2008, they were also burned to the ground by a 70-year-old Korean old man who wanted to express his protest against the actions of the authorities in such a barbaric way (the authorities took away a piece of land from him, but did not pay enough, in his opinion , compensation). Only the lower stone part remained. There is no doubt that the gates will be restored in the near future, especially since after their last restoration in 2005, a lot of drawings were made. But, nevertheless, it will no longer be the original.

In the southeast of Gyeongsangbuk-do province, 370 kilometers from Seoul, along the No. 1 road (Gyeongbu Expressway), connecting Seoul with Busan, is located ancient capital Korea - Gyeongju. Gyeongju is located on the coast Sea of ​​Japan very close to Ulsan - one of the largest millionaire cities in the Republic of Korea. The Hyeonsangang River flows through the city, in the old days there were often large floods. Located near the city, the Taebaek Range forms a hilly urban landscape and a beautiful landscape.

The first mention of the city dates back to 57 BC. At different times it was called differently: Sorabol, Kerim, Kymson, Keishu. Gyeongju was the capital during the Silla era. It flourished especially after the creation in the 7th century of a single Korean state with the same name. It was here that the residence of the kings (vans) of Silla and all the court nobility was located. According to indirect data, about a million people lived in the city during the heyday.

In the 10th century, after the collapse of the state of Silla, Gyeongju lost its status as the capital, gradually its importance began to fall until complete decline. It acquired the status of a city again only in 1955. Now its population is about 280 thousand people, but this, along with Seoul, is the most visited place in South Korea by tourists, it is rightly called "a museum without walls."

Since the sixth century AD, Buddhism has become the official religion of the state of Silla (in Russian-language literature, there is also a variant of the name Silla). Active construction of temples, monasteries, pagodas begins. This period also includes the construction Temple of Bulguksa in Gyeongju. This word can be translated from Korean as "Buddha Land Temple" or "Land of Happiness". Since then, the temple has been destroyed, burned, and then rebuilt so many times that only stone fragments could remain from the first buildings. It is known, for example, that the temple was completely destroyed during the Imjin War with Japan in 1593. What can be seen now is the result of the last restoration of the monastery in the early seventies of the twentieth century Goths, carried out on the personal instructions of the then President of Korea, Park Chung-hee. Only the main buildings were restored, the ancient temple complex was much larger, included about 80 buildings. But even what is reconstructed leaves an unforgettable impression.

Much is said about the temple. beautiful legends. One of them is about its first builder, Kim Dae Sung (or, in another transcription, Kim Tae Sung). According to legend, the construction is connected not with one, but with two of his lives at once, in accordance with the Buddhist concept of a series of rebirths. Legend has it that farmer Kim Tae-song worked long and hard to support himself and his widow mother. As a result of hard work, he finally managed to save up for a small piece of land. But when a monk came to the village for donations, Kim Dae Son gave his land to the monastery. After some time, he died, and on the day of his death, the Prime Minister of Silla heard a voice from heaven, announcing that his son Tae Song would soon be born. The son was really born, and with a birthmark in the form of the hieroglyph Tae Son. As they grow older, many wonderful stories happen to the child. One of them is with a bear, which he killed, and then, when the spirit of the bear decided to take revenge on him, he promised to build a temple in honor of this bear. He built and thus gained experience in building temples even before he became a Buddhist. And when he accepted a new faith, he used his experience to build two temples at once - in honor of his parents from a previous life (in which he was a peasant) - Seokguram Cave Temple, and in honor of his parents from the life he then lived - Bulguksa Temple . Thus, both of these temple complexes located not far from each other symbolize gratitude and love to sons. Interestingly, they are also included in the UNESCO world heritage list together, as one item on the list, as masterpieces of human creative genius.

Jeju- volcanic island. This is very famous place not only in South Korea, but all over the world. The island of volcanic origin, regular elliptical shape, is located in the extreme south of the country. In the center of the island - an extinct volcano Halla - the most high point in South Korea, the height of the volcano is 1950 meters. Jeju is the largest of the islands belonging to the Republic of Korea. Last time volcanoes on the island erupted just over a thousand years ago, so now all of them, apparently, can be considered inactive. Jeju Island is surrounded by a ring road with a length of about 200 kilometers. You can rent a car in almost any hotel.

One of the symbols of Jeju Island - tolharuban. Statue of a good-natured old man made of black lava. Tourists are told that if you rub his nose, then something good will happen there ... It seems that a child will be born, and a boy or a girl depends on which side to go to this grandfather. As a result, their noses are all erased. Once Tolkharubans were amulets for local residents. Some guides say that the statues were specially placed around the island by women so that the pirates thought that there were men on the island at the moment (although they, of course, were all fishing in the sea). But it is hard to imagine that even in the fog you can confuse the Tolkharubans with living men. They say that there are only a few ancient Tolkharubans left on the island. Almost everything is a remake, there are modern masters who make lava grandfathers.

South Korean cuisine

The main dish of the Korean table is rice, which is served with a variety of other dishes from vegetables, fish, seafood, soybeans, herbs and root crops, flour products.

A special place in the diet of Koreans is occupied by soups, often from pork chicken, fish and cabbage with a huge amount of seasonings (Koreans prefer spicy food, so red pepper is always present in their dishes). Almost no meal is complete without soup.

National Korean cuisine has its own special dishes, for example, kimchi- a spicy dish of sauerkraut or radish. Koreans are sure that kimchi is an excellent cold remedy. In addition, there is an opinion that kimchi is an effective remedy for a hangover. hwe- a dish of raw fish with pepper, garlic, finely chopped carrots. Kuksu- homemade noodles made from unleavened dough, it is served with meat or chicken broth. Another National dish - pulgoji- fiery beef. The meat, cut into strips, is marinated in soy sauce, oil, garlic and cooked in a hot frying pan or right on the table.

The most popular street food is pancakes, specifically payon (green onion pancakes) and pindaeddok (pancakes with bean sprouts and pork).

Other examples of local culinary traditions- This sanjok(steak slices with onions and mushrooms), kalbichim (steamed beef ribs), fresh abalone and shrimp from Jeju Island served with mustard, soy sauce and chili sauce and Korean seaweed (common throughout the Far East).

In Korea, you should definitely try the famous and popular herbal teas. If you want something stronger, pay attention to Suljip ( wine bar), there are also pubs, " mccolejeep"- the Korean version of the beer.

As for desserts, no one can compare with Korean craftsmen in the preparation of confectionery from fruits: apples, pears, peaches, persimmons, chestnuts, dates.

South Korea on the map

The Republic of Korea (pronounced in Korean as taehan minguk), or unofficially South Korea, is a country located in East Asia, in the south of the Korean Peninsula, with its capital in the city of Seoul.

South Korea shares a border to the north with North Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The so-called demilitarized zone runs along this land border. On all other sides, South Korea is surrounded by sea (length coastline- 2,413 km): the Yellow Sea in the west, the East China Sea in the south, the Sea of ​​Japan in the east.

People settled in Korea already in the Neolithic era. At the beginning of our era, three rival kingdoms developed on the Korean peninsula: Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje. The largest and strongest was the kingdom of Goguryeo, which was in a state of permanent war with the Chinese Song and Tang dynasties. In the 5th-7th centuries, the kingdom of Silla gained influence, seizing the entire territory of the Korean Peninsula, forcing the remnants of the troops of the kingdom of Goguryeo to take refuge in the territory of the present Chinese province of Jilin (Jilin) ​​in Manchuria, where they founded the state of Parhae in 698, destroyed by the Chinese in 926. All three kingdoms were united during the Goryeo Dynasty, which came to power in 918. Founded in 1392, the Joseon Dynasty ruled Korea until 1910. Between 1592 and 1598, Japan tried to conquer Korea, and in the 1620s, Manchuria, soon conquered in turn by the Chinese Ming dynasty. After that, the Joseon Dynasty came under the rule of the Chinese Qing Dynasty.

In 1876, Japan forced Korea to open up to foreign trade. Japan has always sought to suppress Korean national identity, and in 1910 Korea signed with the country rising sun annexation treaty. After the defeat of Japan in 1945, according to the UN plan, the northern part of Korea was given to the control of the USSR, and the United States got the southern zone of influence, which led to the emergence of two separate states on the Korean peninsula - North and South Korea.

This was followed by a period of military conflicts, coups and revolutions - the so-called period of six republics, which ended with the victory of democratic forces in South Korea: in 1987, democratic elections were held in the country, and in 1992 the first civilian president was elected.

Today, South Korea is a state with a fairly developed economy, which is becoming a new interesting tourist destination, and attracting thousands of visitors from all over the world from year to year. The country is famous for nature conservation areas that are suitable for ecotourists; ancient Buddhist buildings, interesting for lovers of cultural and educational tourism; sandy beaches of Jeju Island, which attract fans beach holiday, diving and surfing.

How to get to South Korea

Airplane

In the vast majority of cases, tourists arrive by plane in Seoul. The capital of South Korea is served by two airports - Incheon and Gimpo, international flights arrive at the first.

You can fly directly from Russia to Seoul from Moscow (flights of Aeroflot and Korean Air), Khabarovsk and Vladivostok (Asiana), as well as St. Petersburg (seasonally) and Irutsk (Korean Air). From other cities of Russia, the Asian metropolis can currently be reached by regular flights with connections in the cities listed.

Almost a direct flight is at the disposal of residents of St. Petersburg - Finnair operates non-stop flights on the route Helsinki - Seoul. And thanks to the Allegro trains, the Northern Capital is only a couple of hours from the Finnish capital. However, this option is only suitable for those who have Schengen, otherwise it is better to use the same Finnair, but in a connecting option, since Helsinki Airport is quite comfortable and pleasant.

Naturally, you can fly through Moscow, this option is most suitable for cities in central Russia, up to the Urals. There are other options, we have listed them below. In addition, many European airlines, represented in Russia (Lufthansa, Czech Airlines, KLM and others), fly to Seoul, but flying with them seems illogical due to the big “hook”, but it can make sense if you are participating in various programs loyalty of European carriers.

Find flights to South Korea

Ferry

Cities and regions

South Korea is administratively divided into 9 provinces (1 of them autonomous), 1 city of special status and 6 metropolitan cities. These units, in turn, are subdivided into a number of smaller entities: cities, counties, municipalities, towns, townships, urban areas and villages.

Seoul is the capital of South Korea, founded on the site of a late 14th century settlement called Hanyang. The settlement that housed the Gyeong-bok royal palace was soon fortified. In 1910 - 1942, the city was called Gyeongsong, and its current name - Seoul (from Korean - "capital"), received in 1945. Since 1948, Seoul has been the official capital of the Republic of Korea and its main economic, political and cultural center.

Incheon is a large metropolitan city (the third largest in Korea) and a port on the coast of the Yellow Sea. Incheon, with its major port, is the "gateway to Seoul", and to some extent refers to Greater Seoul. Transport systems of Seoul and Incheon (in particular, subway lines) interconnected. Incheon has a free economic zone established in 2003.

People settled in the territory of Incheon already in the Neolithic era. From the end of the 4th century eka, the city turned into a major trading center of Korea, and remained so throughout the Middle Ages. In 1883, the port of Chemulpo was founded in the city, which was one of the first to open for trade with foreigners. Incheon Harbor is known for being the site of a 1904 Russo-Japanese War- here the Japanese squadron attacked and to the Russian cruiser"Varyag", which was sunk, but did not surrender to the enemy. In 1950, Inchon was also the site of an American amphibious landing, which was a turning point in the course of the Korean War.

In the composition of e Inch hon are Yeongjeong, Wolmi and Mui islands. Yeongjong Island attracts tourists Baegun-san with Yongun Monastery-sa and mineral springs with a spa complex.

Gwangju is the capital of the South Jeolla province, a metropolitan city located in the central part of Korea, surrounded by picturesque natural landscapes. Gwangju is a famous cultural and scientific center countries. The city was founded in 57 BC. e. Since 370, the city, then called Hanam Vireson, was the capital of the Baekje state. The name Gwangju was adopted in 940.

One of the suburbs of Gwangju, Punwonni, has been a well-known center for the production of ceramics since the 15th century; it was here that most of Korean white porcelain has always been produced.

Recently, Gwangju has been a modern metropolis with a developed infrastructure. It still remains a major center of the Korean ceramics industry. The city has many attractions, including the Chongjin Christian Temple (XVIII century), Namhanseong Fort (1626), the National Museum with an extensive archaeological and ceramic collection.

Among the events of Gwangju, the Tomato Festival with fairs and competitions, the World Pottery Exhibition and the annual September White Pottery Festival stand out.

Busan is the second largest city in the country, having the status of a metropolitan city, located on the southern coast of Korea. Busan has a major city port, which ranks fourth in the world in terms of cargo turnover.

Daegu is the fourth largest city in South Korea (after Seoul, Busan and Incheon), the capital of Gyeongsangbuk-do province. Administratively, it is a city of direct subordination. Throughout its history, Daegu has been a major transportation hub, on the way from Seoul to Busan.

People have settled in Daegu since 1500-3000. BC e. The city was founded in 261. According to chronicles, during the Three Kingdoms, Daegu was called Delgubel, and was part of the kingdom of Silla. The modern name - Daegu - the city received in 757. From the 15th century, market trade developed in Daegu. The most famous of the ancient markets is Yangnyeongsi, the market for medicinal herbs, which is still open today.

Daegu attracts tourists with the following attractions: Apsan Park with Buddhist temples and the Korean War Museum; Phalgongsan Park with many monasteries; Talson Park, located in ancient fortress; amusement park Turyu.

Gyeongju is a large Korean city located in the southeastern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do province on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Due to its cultural and historical heritage, Gyeongju has been a recognized tourist center of Korea for many years, included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List, and attracts many tourists.

The first documentary evidence of the existence of the city on the site of the current Gyeongju dates back to the beginning of our era. The city was probably founded in 57 BC. e. In the 4th-10th centuries, the city was the capital of the state of Silla, and since the 7th century it has been a recognized cultural center of the country. In 940, Gyeongju received its current name, and soon lost its meaning. Until the 20th century, when archaeological research began in the city, the historical monuments of Gyeongju were repeatedly destroyed and looted. The new development of both industrial and tourist centre the city has received only since the 1970s.

Today, tourists visiting Gyeongju experience the cultural heritage of Silla in National Museum Gyeongju, famous for its rich collection of archaeological items. In addition, among the local attractions, the grotto of the ruins of the once large temple of Hwangnyeong-sa with sculptures of Buddhas and bodhisattvas surrounding it and the remains of the Bunhwan-sa monastery (7th century) stand out among the local attractions; the royal necropolis of Kerim in the center of the city, the ancient Cheomseongdae observatory (647). In addition, the city is worth seeing the cave temple of Sokku-ram (8th century) and the ancient Bulguk-sa monastery (528) rebuilt on the Toham-san hill, as well as several fortresses from the time of the Silla state.

Jeju, or Jeju, is the largest island of Korea and at the same time the smallest province in the country with the administrative center of the same name in the city of Jeju. The island is located in the Korea Strait, 100 km from the southern coast of the country, and is considered one of the best resorts in Korea. The island is home to the legendary haenyo divers, who dive to depths of up to 10m.

Jeju Island was formed as a result of the eruption of the Halla-san volcano (height 1950 m), now considered extinct. Solidified lava flows formed bizarre reliefs on the slopes of the volcano in the form of grottoes, caves, tunnels and pillars. Here was educated national park, which is home to about 2,000 plant species and 4,000 animal species. For its uniqueness, the island was included in the World natural heritage UNESCO.

Until 662, Jeju, then called Thamna, was a separate state, after which it was conquered by Silla. In 938, after the fall of Silla, the island came under Goryeo rule. During the period of the Japanese protectorate in 1910, Jeju was renamed Saishu (for ease of pronunciation by the Japanese), and after the liberation of Korea from the Japanese, it became part of it. In the second half of the 20th century, Jeju Island began to develop as a major tourist center.

The island, where the holiday season lasts from July to September, is famous for its beaches. There are beaches with both white fine sand and black sand. volcanic sand. The coastal waters abound with a wealth of flora and fauna, making the island a center of attraction for diving enthusiasts. In addition to diving, windsurfing, snorkeling and fishing are popular in the coastal waters of Jeju Island.

On the southern coast of the island is a fairly large city of Sogipo, surrounded by tangerine plantations. There, it is worth visiting the Tangerine Museum and the Chonbang Waterfall, the only waterfall in Asia that rushes water into the ocean. Another island resort - Chunmun - is famous for its beaches and nearby volcanic pillars of Chusan Cheolli-de. Near the Gimnyeon resort, it is worth seeing the Monchang-gul cave - the longest lava cave in the world: its length is 13422 m and the height is about 10 m.

Sights of South Korea

Attractions in Korea can be found in many throughout its territory. Of particular interest to tourists are objects of world cultural heritage of UNESCO.

• Megalithic structures - dolmens
• Hwaseong Fortress (Diamond Fortress)
• Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
• Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple Complex
• Gyeju State Museum
• Demilitarized Zone and Phanmunjeong Peace Village

If you decide to limit yourself to the capital of South Korea, or your path will lie through it (and in most cases it happens), then we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the list of attractions in Seoul, and with the page of the city as a whole.

Where to go in South Korea

Attractions

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and recreation areas

Leisure

Transport

Wellness vacation

Private guides in South Korea

Russian private guides will help you get acquainted with South Korea in more detail.
Registered on the Experts.Tourister.Ru project.

Things to do in South Korea

The beaches of South Korea

Due to its geographic location, Korea is an established Asian beach destination. The following are the most interesting beaches South Korea, follow the links to get detailed information - location, photos, infrastructure and other nuances.

Alpine skiing in South Korea

Skiing is a very popular outdoor activity in Korea. There are more than ten well-known ski resorts in the mountains, all located near Seoul. The ski season in the country lasts from December to March, but the rest of the year the ski resorts are also crowded - they work there summer fun: golf courses and amusement parks. Below are the main ski resorts in South Korea, follow the links for more information.

Wellness in South Korea

Korea is famous for its thermal springs, next to which SPA and wellness centers are open. In total, there are about 70 health centers and about 100 traditional Korean bath complexes "chimchilbang" in the country.

Below is a list of some popular hot springs in South Korea, follow the links to find more full information— location, description, sites, and so on.

Treatment in South Korea

In addition, Korea is becoming a recognized destination in Asia for medical tourism, whose popularity is determined by two main factors: tourist attraction country as a whole and the high quality of the medical services offered.

Medical centers in South Korea:

• Oriental Medicine Center at Sangzhi University
• East-West Medical Center at Qeng Hee University

Diving in South Korea

Diving in South Korea is most developed on Jeju Island. The main diving sites are the surroundings of small islands off the south coast of Jeju, located in the sea, a 15-20 minute boat ride from Seogwipo. Here, depths from 40 to 70 m are observed.

Coastal waters of Jeju at the junction of the Yellow Sea, Japan and East China Seas form a unique hydrodynamic complex, characterized by a huge variety of underwater fauna (lionfish, triggerfish, tetradon, silverfin tuna, butterfly and angelfish, orange starfish) and rich flora (soft corals, anemones, sponges).

The best season for diving is from June to December. The water temperature in summer is + 24 - + 26 ° С, in some cases warming up to + 28.8 ° С, in winter and autumn - + 19 - + 23 ° С. January and February bring coolness with them, many dive centers close.

In addition to diving, snorkeling is popular in the coastal waters of the southern part of Jeju Island.

Traveling in South Korea

Inside the country, you can travel by plane, bus, train or rental car.

Aircraft

All major cities in South Korea are interconnected by airlines. Domestically, two Korean airlines - and - fly between 14 cities in the country, including Seoul, Busan, Jeju, Daegu, Gwangju, Wonju, Ulsan.

Trains

You can also travel around South Korea by train. Net railways covers almost the entire country.

There are four types of trains in Korea: KTX (Korea Train Express) - bullet trains (two bullet trains railway lines, which connect Seoul with Busan and Mokpo, comfortable trains reach speeds of up to 300 km / h), Saemaeul express trains, Mugunghwa fast trains (quite comfortable) and Tong-il passenger trains (slow and not very comfortable). Cars are of I and II classes, the cost of tickets depends on the class and distance. On all trains except express trains, passengers are allowed to travel standing up if there are no seats available. Tickets are sold at the box office of the stations.

At all main railway stations there are special ticket offices selling single travel tickets for foreigners - KR Pass. They give the right to travel any distance on all types of trains without restrictions on the number of trips. Tickets come in various durations - for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. You can check the current cost and book KR Pass tickets at.

After the online purchase of the KR Pass, the tourist is sent a voucher, which should be exchanged for a ticket upon arrival in Korea at the box office of the stations.

Buses

You can also travel around Korea by bus - the country has a well-established intercity bus service. All buses, regardless of class, are very comfortable.

Buses are divided into regular buses (ilban) and first class buses (udyn), while the difference in ticket prices is unreasonably large, given the small difference in comfort.

Intercity buses depart from Seoul to other cities in the country from three major bus stations:

Intercity buses across the country depart at intervals of 15 - 20 minutes. The bus fare depends on the distance travelled. Up-to-date information on bus schedules and fares can be seen at.

Inside cities, you can travel by city buses. They come in different comfort levels, the routes are marked with numbers, but the information is written only in Korean. Fare, as a rule, is 600 - 1300 won and does not depend on the distance of the trip. The fare is paid in cash or with a transport card, which is also valid in the metro.

Metro

Subway in Korea is available in four cities in Seoul, Busan, Daegu and Gwangju. The Seoul subway is quite large, it connects the capital with the suburbs. You can buy a subway ticket at the subway ticket office, from ticket machines that accept 10, 50, 100 and 500 won coins and 1,000 won bills. In the Korean subway, station names and all basic information are duplicated in English.

Auto

You can rent a car to travel around the country. The quality of roads in Korea is at the highest level. To rent a car, the driver must be over 21 years old, have driving experience of more than 1 year, have a passport and an international driver's license. Rental offices can be found at airports and hotels.

Taxi

Often, tourists move inside Korean cities by taxi. Taxis can be ordered by phone or found on the street. There are many taxi cars in Korea, they are very safe, comfortable and inexpensive. Many taxi drivers speak English. A free taxi is marked with a yellow or blue light on the roof.

Taxis are ordinary and deluxe. Cars with Kind Call Taxi and KT Powertel signs have devices for simultaneous translation from Korean, counters and navigators.

The fare in an ordinary taxi is calculated as follows: payment for landing and the first 2 km - 1600 won, then for every 150 meters of the way - 100 won. If the car travels less than 14.75 km per hour, an additional 100 won will be added to the total amount for every 41 seconds of the trip. Price night trip(24:00 - 4:00) becomes 20% higher.

The deluxe taxis are usually black with a yellow stripe on the side, a yellow badge on the roof and the corresponding Deluxe Taxi logo. The fare is calculated as follows: 4,000 won for the first 3 km and 200 won for each subsequent 205 m or 50 seconds of travel (if the speed drops below 15 km per hour). The fare does not increase at night. Drivers issue a check when paying for the fare.

All taxis run within the city limits, and when traveling to the suburbs, the cost can double. Therefore, it is worth telling the driver the address of the destination before the start of the trip.

Water transport

South Korea has several hundred islands connected by ferry lines. A large number of ferries connect Jeju Island with the ports of Mokpo, Yeoso and Incheon, Ulleung Island with the ports of Pohang and Seokkcho, Pennyeon and Techeon Islands with Muncheon.

Korean cuisine

Korean cuisine, which is very reminiscent of Chinese and Japanese, is diverse, it contains meat, fish, seafood, eggs, rice, soy, vegetables.

Korean cooking is distinguished by the abundance of spices used. So, Korean food is very spicy - in most dishes there is red pepper, garlic and onions. The sharpness of dishes seasoned with pepper has developed historically: the country has a hot and humid climate, which does not contribute to the preservation of products. Among the sauces that season dishes, soy sauce, traditional for Asia, stands out.

The main place on the Korean table is occupied by rice, from which pabi porridge is prepared, chhaltok rice cakes, spicy rice pilaf with bibimbap vegetables, and kimbap rice rolls. Rice is a must-have dish. common name"kimchi" - various kinds of pickles and spicy snacks from vegetables, marinated meat and seafood.

Fish and seafood, the richness of which is determined geographic location Koreans are also very often present on the menu of the inhabitants of the country. Here, as in Japan, they eat raw fish - “hwe”. There are many dishes prepared from fish such as cod, pollock, flounder, from the pulp of mollusks, squid, shrimp, oysters, trepang, octopus, seaweed, etc. Traditional Korean dishes are fried fish "sanson gui", stew sea ​​food "hemul chongol", pancakes with seafood and green onions "bajeon", seaweed salads, squid ("odjino") and octopus ("nakji") dishes.

One of the main dishes in Korea is guksu noodles, which are made from wheat, buckwheat, corn and even potato flour. Noodles are served with stewed, fried or marinated meat, poured with hot or cold broth.

In Korean cooking, there are first courses, in particular, soups. They are eaten for both breakfast and dinner. There are a lot of types of soups: hodgepodges, meat, fish, vegetable soups. Often soups are seasoned with soy sauce. Among the most popular soups are beef rib soup “kalbi thang”, soy soup with egg and shellfish “sundubu jigae”, spicy soup from seafood “hemul than”, spicy fish soup “maeuntang”, soybean sprouted soup “khonnamulguk”, etc. d.

Among the meat dishes that end up on the Korean table, it is worth mentioning first of all "bulgogi" - finely chopped beef marinated in soy sauce and sesame oil, and then fried in a wok. Other popular dishes are grilled beef ribs “kalbi”, pork or beef ribs stew “kalbichim”, chicken stew “takkalbi”, dumplings “mandu”, etc.

An ambiguous reaction of tourists is caused by dishes from dog meat, occasionally (contrary to the established opinion of foreigners) present on the Korean table. In particular, we are talking about dog meat soup "Posintang" (bosintang - "stewed dog meat with spices", as well as "soup that strengthens the body"). In this light, it is worth saying that dog meat in Korea is not considered a product for the preparation of everyday food - it is rather a dietary and medicinal food. In addition, in Korea, the dog is not perceived as a "man's friend", it is not given any role in society that is different from other animals. Following the lead of Western public opinion, today the Korean authorities have introduced a number of legislative measures that, if not completely prohibiting the use of dog meat in cooking, then to a large extent regulate this process.

Among the vegetable dishes in the menu of Koreans, the leading place is occupied by dishes from legumes. Legumes are presented in a variety: soybeans, peas, beans, green “noktu” beans, red “phatch”, etc. Sprouted soybeans are often a substitute in meat dishes. From the same soybeans produce soy milk, cottage cheese, soy sauce and pasta.

Desserts and sweets are also present on the Korean table. The most popular of them are "quadul" - a dessert made from rice dough, acorn jelly "tothorimuk", cookies "hangwa", "tasik" - sweets made from honey, chestnuts, beans, sesame and medicinal herbs. Among fruits, persimmon and tangerines are actively consumed.

Koreans, as a rule, end their meal with sweet rice water "sikhe" or a decoction of cinnamon and persimmon "sujeongkwa", herbal teas, coffee. Alcoholic beverages in Korea are mainly represented by the results of rice processing - rice wine "Makkori" or "nonju", rice beer, rice vodka.

Etiquette at the table

Residents of Korea do not often arrange feasts at home, mainly by inviting guests to restaurants. In a Korean restaurant, people usually eat while sitting on the floor with cushions. In winter the floor is heated. Shoes are left at the entrance.

The traditional rules of behavior at the table, the order of serving dishes, the methods and doses of consuming alcoholic beverages developed several centuries ago. The rules for eating and table setting are worth a separate mention.

So, for example, Koreans eat not only with chopsticks, but also with spoons (for liquid dishes), which are a symbol of life (they say about the deceased that he “put his spoon down”, about the number of eaters - as the number of spoons, not mouths, as in Russian). Unlike other cultures that used chopsticks when eating, Koreans have been using a spoon since the 5th century. Sticks (“chotjarak”, “jeotgarak”) and a small spoon with a long handle (“sutjarak”, “sutgarak”) together make up the table set “sujo” (“sujeo”, short for “sutgarak” and “jeotgarak”), they are made stainless steel or silver. According to Korean etiquette, when using chopsticks, a spoon is placed on the edge of a bowl with a liquid dish, and when using a spoon, the chopsticks are simply placed on the table.

There are no personal plates on the Korean table. The entire surface of the table, in the center of which rises the main dish of meat or fish, is lined with small bowls with salads and sauces. Participants in the meal eat immediately from all plates. It is impolite to ask a table neighbor to serve something, you need to try to reach the desired dish yourself. Cutlery that has fallen on the floor should never be picked up - you need to ask the waiter to bring new ones.

In terms of alcohol consumption, Koreans have much in common with Russians: they drink a lot at the Korean table; you can’t refuse to drink (this can offend the pourer and the owner of the table); you can’t pour for yourself (this is also considered an insult to the owner - he will not be able to express his respect to you), etc. You need to drink, holding a glass in your right hand.

Only the main course and alcoholic drinks are included in the restaurant bill, everything else (soups, salads, sauces) is free. The bill also includes service, so tipping is not required.

Shopping in South Korea

Tourists visiting South Korea cannot help but pay attention to shopping. The best shopping opportunities open up in Seoul and other large cities: there are many large shopping centers, supermarkets, department stores, boutiques, shops, markets.

Large department stores are open daily 10:00 - 20:00, shops - 9:00 - 22:00, large supermarkets, shopping centers and markets - often around the clock and daily.

Especially convenient for tourists is that there are duty-free shops in Seoul and Busan (they are marked with signs tax free shopping). You can pay in foreign currency, and VAT in the amount of 10% on purchases in the amount of 30,000 won can be returned at the airport. The only caveat: in order to make purchases in such stores, you need to present your return air ticket. In addition, some types of selected and paid for goods (alcohol, perfumes, cigarettes) are not handed over to the buyer, but are carefully packed and transported to the airport exactly at the time of the flight.

From Korea, it is worth bringing, first of all, ginseng products, since the country is one of the world leaders in the cultivation and processing of this magical root. So, you can buy ginseng concentrate, ginseng root tincture, ginseng tea, cosmetics based on it.

Other traditional souvenirs from Korea are lacquerware decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay - boxes, powder boxes, business card holders; fine quality porcelain, ceramics, embroidery, macrame. Korean textiles and leather goods are also famous - outerwear, bags and haberdashery. Everyone is also familiar with Korean electronics, and, undoubtedly, it is worth buying in the country - everything, except for mobile phones that support standards that are incompatible with Russian ones. Collectors and lovers of ethnicity should pay attention to the traditional Korean hanbok costume, which can be bought in souvenir shops and markets.

Shopping in Seoul.

Communications in South Korea

You can make a call in South Korea, first of all, using pay phones, in many cities on the streets. The machines work with special phone cards, credit cards or coins. Phone cards can be bought in shops, shops, tobacco and newsstands, in hotels. Almost all public telephones can make calls to other countries.

To make a call from South Korea to Russia, you need to dial 001 (002 or 008) - 7 - area code - subscriber's phone number.

To call from Russia to Korea, you need to dial 8 - 10 - 82 (Korea code) - region code - subscriber number.

Codes of some Korean cities: Seoul - 02, Incheon - 032, Daejeon - 042, Busan - 051, Jeju - 064.

It should be remembered that GSM mobile phones do not work in South Korea. In this case, tourists may be advised to temporarily exchange their phones at the airport for local CDMA and IMT2000 models. The average cost of renting a Korean phone with your own phone left on bail is on average 3,000-4,000 won per day.

Useful phone numbers

There will be no problems with the Internet for tourists in Korea. Internet access points are everywhere. Back in 2010, in the ranking of countries in the world for the quality of Internet access (according to scientists from the University of Oviedo and Oxford University), South Korea took the honorable first place. Free wi-fi is available in all city centers, on the territory of large shopping centers, in hotels, cafes, restaurants, and in tourist areas.

Safety

South Korea is one of the safest for tourism Asian countries However, you should not forget about elementary safety rules. Tourists are advised to leave cash and valuables in hotel safes, and keep a close eye on their personal belongings in crowded and touristy places.

Among some local traditions, tourists should remember the following:

• locals are not too fond of being photographed: before photographing them, you must definitely ask for permission;
• when entering a Korean temple and house, you need to take off your shoes, while socks must be on your feet;
• on the beaches of the country it is indecent to sunbathe topless.

Where to stay

Hotels

In South Korea, the following classification of hotels has been adopted: super-lux (corresponding to 5 *), deluxe (corresponding to 5 *), first class (corresponding to 4 *), second class (corresponding to 3 *) and third class (corresponding to 2 *). Prices for accommodation in hotels depend on the season and their location. On our site you can book a hotel in korea

Hostels and guest houses

In South Korea, you can also find guest houses, which are inexpensive option accommodation. Most guest houses have been rebuilt from ordinary residential apartments, therefore, a shared bathroom is most often offered for several rooms. They are located, as a rule, in the center of cities and near tourist attractions. The price of staying in them for one night is about 15,000-40,000 won.

Apartments and condominiums

Condominiums are ordinary apartments, self-catering apartments located in large complexes with swimming pools, laundries, restaurants. Condominiums are most often located at ski resorts, near national parks and beach resorts. The cost of living in a condominium depends on the season, length of stay, level of service, and is approximately 30,000 - 100,000 won per night. On our website you can rent an apartment in South Korea, it can be convenient for some categories of tourists - families with several children who prefer to cook for themselves and so on.

Residence

Another type of residence in Korea is a residence. This type of housing is most suitable for foreigners who arrived in the country on a working visit, because it is a room for living and working at the same time, having a kitchen and an office. Residence complexes usually have a gym, laundry, lounges and conference rooms, restaurants, cafes, etc.