Lady of the Copper Mountain. The owner of the copper mountain

Now in the article there is a card "Literary character". However, according to many sources, Bazhov did not come up with the Mistress of the Copper Mountain himself, but only processed and popularized the character of the folk legends of the Ural workers.

A special cycle is made up of tales united by the images of common heroes - the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, the master Danila and his beloved. In them, Bazhov combined the Ural toponymic legends, bylichki and stories written down by him from old workers. As a result, a unique cycle of tales about fidelity and love, the true price and purpose of talent has developed.

)) , which is certainly not adequate to the character. - The character is not a goddess, and not Slavic. The Urals - there are actually indigenous Finno-Ugric peoples and the Ural race (Mansi, Yakuts, etc.), + Tatars, + Cossacks, among which there are many Caucasians, including directly the Caucasian Cossacks and Turks. By the way, for the same reason, a single extremely superficial mention in the Slavic Antiquities encyclopedia is only an indirect AI. For bylichki and tales about the Mistress of the Mednaya Gora mine are not "Slavic", and even more so "antiquities". Remember when Bazhov wrote, and when the Russian-speaking colonial miners came there and founded the mine. --Vladis13() 20:37 November 11, 2016 (UTC)

The Malachite Cave was mentioned at the forum, and I again remembered my beloved Mistress of the Copper Mountain, an image that has come down to us thanks to the work of Bazhov. And not without reason, you see, I remembered: having arrived outside the city, I found in my airsoft boot - a lizard, the Mistress's Messenger :) So, she does not forget me either :)

By the way, does anyone know the name of the Mistress? Well, that is, of course, people in the Urals call her Mistress, this is understandable, but does she have a name? There is one name that the mountain bears in the Southern Urals - Iremel. And - there is something very elvish in this name: when I think about it - I see her green eyes and black braids. I've been looking for information on this and here's what I found:

There is in the South in the Urals
Mount Big Iremel
She is taller
Surrounding lands

There is a golden mistress
At the foot stands
Wayfarers blessing
She keeps order.

"Iremel" meant "desire" in the Turkic language.
Mount Iremel among the Bashkirs was considered a saint on its top by the end of the 19th century. barely a dozen people got up. Climbing it was forbidden by unwritten laws. Iremel appears directly or indirectly in many legends of the Bashkir people. According to legend, countless treasures are hidden in the bowels of the mountain. Iremel is called one of the exit points of positive energy, there are legends about sacrifices on this mountain, carried out to “block” communication with space. Ufologists assure that exactly at the foot of Iremel is one of the most anomalous places located on the territory of Russia. UFO sees every second. Water in the rivers originating from Iremel is considered sacred, it gives energy and strength to a person, and glows at a certain hour at night. According to some legends, the mountain can grant wishes. When climbing Iremel, it is recommended to take a gift to the spirit of the mountain, and it is advised not to stay overnight at the top.

The path to the top of the "holy mountain" is not open to everyone. If a person goes to Iremel with a pure soul, then the mountain accepts him with joy, if his thoughts are black, he builds all sorts of intrigues on the way, as if not letting him reach the goal.

Yes, it is very similar to her name. And given that the Mistress lives in the mountain and knows all the minerals well, and can help the traveler, it seems to me that she is close to the Noldor. And - how would her name sound in Noldor? And it's very simple - Irime. And after all, according to sources, King Finwe had a daughter with that name.
"In addition to the son Feanaro, born of Miriel Serinde, which has already been mentioned above, Finwe also had two sons and two daughters born from marriage with Indis, the sister of Yngve.
— Irime:"Beautiful" irima. "mother's name" Lalvende, or Lalven ("the laughing maiden"); "she went into exile with her brother Fingolfin, who was dearer to her than all of her kindred." In Sindarin, her name does not change, as it corresponds to the language in spirit.

Mistress of the Copper Mountain: Character Story

Folklore character, mistress of the Ural Mountains from mining legends. The spirit of the mountains, the keeper of valuable minerals. Takes on various forms. In anthropomorphic form, she appears as a beautiful short girl with green eyes and a black plait intertwined with copper ribbons that tinkle thinly. The Mistress is wearing a stone malachite dress, which from the side looks like silk, casts with diamonds and copper. The rich appearance of the Mistress symbolizes the beauty of her possessions - mines with precious stones and metals.

The mistress of the Copper Mountain can also look infernal - like evil spirits with the head of a woman and the body of a green lizard. Able to appear in the form of a disembodied spirit. In this case, it manifests itself only in a voice that is sonorous, but often unintelligible, speaks with chuckles, and has fun.

The mistress of the Copper Mountain patronizes miners, simple and courageous hard workers, and is usually hostile to the "administration". The hostess turns Severyan's clerk into a "waste breed", and the heroine helps those who are in search.

The owner of the wealth hidden in the bowels of the earth disposes of them at her own discretion. Any development is possible only with her consent, the Mistress can "take away" valuable minerals and not allow them to be mined. The mistress of the Copper Mountain is subject to lizards and a brown cat with fiery ears, which roams under the surface of the earth. The hostess keeps the secrets of stone processing skills.

History of creation

The writer and folklorist of the first half of the 20th century literary processed the Ural working folklore and wrote a number of tales, which he published in the collection "Malachite Box". Among other characters there is also the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.

In the 1930s, the study of working folklore was set as a task after a series of discussions that took place in Leningrad and Moscow. It was decided to publish a collection that would include pre-revolutionary Ural folklore. In December 1935, the collection was supposed to be published, but the first editor could not find the very "working folklore". The new editor of the collection got in touch with Pavel Bazhov - and things went well. Later, Bazhov himself became the editor of this collection and wrote three tales for him, among which was "The Mistress of the Copper Mountain."

The main idea of ​​the tale: the beauty of nature inspires a person and pushes him to creative search.

Legends of the Ural miners

Bazhov heard a lot of mining legends in his childhood, which passed in the city of Sysert. There, the writer's father worked at a metallurgical plant. Later, my father transferred to a copper smelter in Polevskoy. Pavel Bazhov met an old miner there, in whose retelling he recognized folklore legends. This miner, who worked as a watchman in a wood warehouse and retold miners' legends to children, became the prototype of Bazhov's grandfather Slyshko's character.

The prototype of the Copper Mountain was the Gumeshevsky copper mine, where malachite and copper ore were mined. The image of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain is strongly associated with the local folklore of the city of Polevskaya, where she appears as the spirit of the place, the "mistress" of the Gumeshevsky mine.

There is a similar folklore image associated with Mount Azov, located 10 kilometers from the mine. This is the girl-Azovka, the spirit of the mountain, the keeper of the treasure hidden in the cave by robbers or "old people". Azovka was also associated with a gold mine, which was located in the lower reaches of the mountain.

Both folklore characters were created in the same environment and could influence the formation of each other's images.

Screen versions of the image

In 1946, the fairy tale film " Stone Flower" directed by Alexander Ptushko, a film adaptation of two fairy tales by Pavel Bazhov at once - "Mining Master" and "Stone Flower". The actress played the role of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, and the actor played the role of Danila the Master.

The mistress of the Copper Mountain lures master Danila into her own possessions, who has been trained to skillfully process stone since childhood, but strives for even greater skill. Danila is dissatisfied with his own creativity, although those around him invariably admire his work.

Danila comes to the underworld of the Mistress to create a stone flower there, which cannot be distinguished from a living one. The mistress of the Copper Mountain expects to win Danila's heart with the incalculable riches of the mountain bowels, her own beauty and creative possibilities that open up to the master in her possessions. But it doesn't work. Danila does not forget the world of people, and the Mistress has to let him go back. Upstairs, the master is already looking for his beloved - Katenka. Having solved the mystery of the stone, Danila returns to her.

In the 70s of the twentieth century, a series of puppet cartoons based on Bazhov's tales was released, filmed by director Oleg Nikolaevsky at the Sverdlovsk film studio. The Mistress of the Copper Mountain is present in two of them. The first cartoon - "The Mistress of the Copper Mountain" - was released in 1975. And in 1977, the same plot was played again in another cartoon in the series - "Stone Flower". The mistress of the Copper Mountain is voiced by Tatyana Yushkova.

The scenario is the same: the skillful stone carver Danila cannot find peace and, in search of mastery, goes to the kingdom of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, leaving his bride Katya in the “world of people”. In the bowels of the mountain, Danila perfects his skills, and the Mistress dreams of keeping the master with her and making him forget his past life.

In 1976, the film-fairy tale "Stepanova Memo" was released at the Lenfilm film studio. The script was based on several fairy tales by Bazhov. The role of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain is played by actress Larisa Chikurova. Film director - Konstantin Ershov.

The plot is as follows: Stepan, an expert in mining, falls in love with the Mistress of the Copper Mountain - she opened the “soul of stone” to him. Under the influence of love for this folklore lady, Stepan is transformed and eventually dies. Stepan has a daughter, Tanya, who inherited talent, stubbornness and a proud disposition from her father. As a child, the Mistress of the copper mountain comes to Tanya under the guise of a wanderer, stops at the house and teaches the girl to embroider with silk and beads. Having become an adult, the girl goes to St. Petersburg with a young master who wants to marry her. Tanya needs to see the Malachite Room created by Stepan.

In 1978, the Soyuzmultfilm studio released the cartoon The Mining Master based on the fairy tale The Stone Flower. Directed by Inessa Kovalevskaya.

In 2016, the Rech publishing house published a new edition of Bazhov's tales - the book "The Mistress of the Copper Mountain" with illustrations by the artist Vyacheslav Nazaruk.

Quotes

“Here she is, so what a Mistress of the Copper Mountain! To meet a bad person with her is grief, and for a good one there is little joy.

Myths, fairy tales, legends, epics, legends are the ancient memory of mankind. Armchair scientists are often skeptical about oral folk art. Yes, and for the most part we tend to consider our ancestors simpletons who came up with all sorts of nonsense. But, as practice shows, they, on the contrary, were very smart and realistic people: they believed only what they saw or could feel.

The son of a difficult worker

The future collector of Ural tales, Pavel Bazhov, was born in the factory town of Sysert, not far from Yekaterinburg, 135 years ago, in 1879. As it was written in Soviet times, his origin is the most correct - from the workers. But Pyotr Bazhov was not considered a simple proletarian. “The authorities greatly appreciated the mining master Pyotr Vasilyevich, despite the fact that he had a very difficult character. When it became unbearable to endure, he was sent to "ventilate" - on a long paid vacation. Then he went back to work. But this estate, where we are now, was built for him by a factory. She cost Bazhov only two salaries, ”says Lyubov Kritskikh, head of the house-museum of P. P. Bazhov in Sysert.

What stands here today - the "Bazhovs' house" - is just an outbuilding for guests. The main building has not survived to this day, but it was many times larger. The bathhouse has been preserved, as well as various sheds and outbuildings. Once a huge garden - now a neighbor's patrimony. The estate is located in the very center of the village, close to the cathedral - an elite place. And they buried Bazhov Sr. with special honors. “Usually, only the clergy lie right next to the church, but here the masters were respected, the case is simply unprecedented. And the tombstone, as you can see, is solid,” explains Andrey Gorkov, a local historian.

Pavel Bazhov lived in Sysert until the age of eleven, then his family moved to Polevskoy. But it was in his homeland that he first heard tales - from his paternal grandmother, Avdotya Petrovna Bazhova.

Venus iron

The main character of local legends is the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. The mountain (365 meters above sea level) is still in place today, on its slopes there are slag heaps. different times and different type: there is both copper and iron. Moreover, numerous ancient metallurgical furnaces have been found, and very perfect ones - of the same type as in the mysterious Arkaim (Chelyabinsk region). As the inhabitants of Sysert say, after this find, archaeologists were very puzzled, such artifacts did not fit into any theories. Therefore, we decided not to resume work ...

So, the mountain is guarded by the Mistress. “Many represent her as a Russian woman, but this is not true. The hostess is very tall, with blue-black hair, dark eyes, strikingly beautiful, arrogant. The type of face is not at all Russian, but not Turkic either. Unknown. The older generation still remembers well the legends about her, the image of this woman lives among the people. And young people, unfortunately, do not believe in anything, ”complains Lyubov Kritskikh.

About the mysterious beauty in these places have been known since time immemorial. Her image was even present on the products of local factories. “Until 1759, when the factory owner Aleksey Turchaninov became the owner of the mines, iron was branded here with the image of a woman, she was then called “Venus”. But metallurgy officially arose in Sysert in 1680, as indicated in the charter, which was sent to St. Petersburg in 1732. And unofficially, we began to smelt iron even earlier. How can ordinary peasants know about some kind of ancient Venus? Undoubtedly, it was the image of the Mistress. By the way, when mines were developed under Turchaninov, workers constantly found tools deep underground - picks, shovels, various containers, they looked very old, ”says Andrey Gorkov.

Local metallurgy is a completely incomprehensible thing. Especially in terms of economics and logistics. The Sysert River flows to the east, flows into the Tobol, there are no water transport arteries to the west at all. In the post-Petrine era, roads were laid towards the European part of Russia, before they were completely absent. But iron was smelted for some reason, and in large quantities. Although, according to official history, Siberia had not yet been mastered, and there was no local consumer. Mystery.

However, science does not stand still. True, not academic, but alternative. “According to Marco Polo and Arab authors, there were at least two hundred cities and villages near the capital of Siberia, Kambalyk, which were connected by paved roads. ... Supporters of the "unhistorical land" all this seems like some kind of nonsense. However, the very first attempts in 1999 to use aerial photography brought amazing results: in the Zdvinsky district Novosibirsk region a large archaeological site was discovered. In 2000, it was excavated, and a city 400x650 meters in size, which existed in the 8th century BC, was discovered, ”writes in his book“ Ancient Rus' and Veliky Turan, Professor of the International Slavic Academy Oleg Gusev.

Perhaps, in ancient times, Siberia was quite densely populated by the Slavs, and the Urals were its “forge”, then the cold snap drove people to warmer climes. This theory has enough supporters today. After all, it also explains the mystery of the "country of cities" in the south Chelyabinsk region(Arkaim, Bersuat, Kuysak, Chekatai - only a few hundred ancient settlements).

Be that as it may, the Mistress has not been seen in Sysert for about fifty years. But that doesn't mean she's gone. The mountain maiden guards her patrimony. Here is an example. Today Sysert - popular resort of regional significance, people go to "ponds" (huge artificial lakes), many settle here - real estate prices will soon reach the level of Rublyovka. A couple of excellent hotels have been built for vacationers, some entrepreneurs have decided to do business on Copper Mountain. They put a lift there - they did it ski slope. And they burned out. Wishing to ride, in a strange way, was not found. “Geologists have long avoided the mountain. By the way, another name for it is Besenovka. Well, you understand ... ”- explains Lyubov Kritskikh.

Avdotya Bazhova told her grandson what she knew - only about local miracles. Which is enough to this day. About others, for example, about the Great Poloz, he learned later. Where this creature is found.

Fairy nugget

Polevskoy is also a factory town, today the main enterprise here is the Seversky Pipe Plant. They also began to engage in metal here in the middle of the 18th century - officially. Unofficially - much earlier. On Dumnaya Hill, which is located in the central part of the city, archaeologists have discovered eight large smelting furnaces, they date back to the first millennium BC. In the same place, they dug out a "fortification" surrounded by a powerful rampart. Its remains are still visible today.

Pavel Bazhov used to visit Polevskoy - he studied in Yekaterinburg, at a religious school. Then he graduated from the seminary in Perm, but in the end he became not a priest, but a school teacher. During the holidays, the young man and his friends liked to run to the Duma Hill, when Vasily Khmelenin, aka "Grandfather Slyshko", was on duty in the gatehouse. The old man knew many tales. Precisely tales - tales about the past. And he liked to repeat - these are not fairy tales, but a true story. His "lectures" prompted Bazhov to collect and systematize folklore. After all, he quickly became convinced that everything Khmelenin said was true.

Let us take the tale "Silver Hoof", in which gems appeared under the feet of a magical goat. There is such a thing: they were found, and exactly where the ancient legend indicated. “Chrysolites and demantoids were found in the river. And the tale, most likely, appeared for a very simple reason: an elk or a deer ran along the rivulet, broke the druze with its hoof, sparkling pebbles fell out, some hunter noticed this. Bazhov just poeticized a little ancient history", says the manager Historical Museum of the city of Polevsky Natalya Gurkina.

Similarly with gold: about where exactly to look for it, information was passed down from generation to generation. Sometimes in the form of tales, but the accuracy did not suffer from this. And people used it. Here good example: in 1935 (the "Malachite Box" was still being created) the artel of prospectors was looking for gold near Polevskoy. The season didn't work out. But one of the fishermen remembered - his grandfather said that you need to look at the Diagon Ford. At first they did not believe him - they were already digging there. Nevertheless, they relocated in the indicated direction. And on the same day they found a nugget weighing 13.787 kilograms. Artels instantly became rich people, then the state paid very well for gold (up to 60% of precious metals under Stalin were mined by prospectors and private artels, in the 56th all such non-state business in the USSR was liquidated by Khrushchev). And they not only paid, but also rewarded: all the men were given an excellent gramophone, and the only female prospector was given a Singer sewing machine.

A cast of a huge nugget lies in the museum. And on the next showcase - pebbles, which were “opened” by some kind of “goat” with their hooves. All this is a clear confirmation of the veracity of Bazhov's tales. And there are many of those.

The mountain reveals the secret

In 1940, a group of schoolchildren went to the Azov Mountain (the etymology of the name is unknown, it has nothing to do with the sea). After reading the recently published book of their fellow countryman, the children decided to find a treasure - the same one from the tale "Dear Name". And surprisingly, they found it!

“The kids were lucky, the day before there was a storm, many trees were knocked down, and in one of the outcrops they found copper figurines of half-humans, half-birds, about four dozen in number. Several pieces are now kept in our museum, most of them are in Yekaterinburg,” says Natalia Gurkina.

Naturally, scientists were called. But, as the inhabitants of Polevskoye recall, archaeologists were not happy with the artifacts. The place of the treasure was not even properly explored (today it is unknown). They quickly came up with an explanation: these are the cult idols of the ancient Mansi and Bashkirs, who believed that people descended from birds. One subtlety: both peoples lacked even the rudiments of metallurgy...

Most of all, the figurines look like ordinary jewelry; on the back of each there is a ring to fasten it somewhere. For example, for clothes. Perhaps they are really cult - it is impossible to carry such a weight every day. Meanwhile, the tale tells that “old people”, who “copper is native, that was mined a little”, do not belong to the mentioned peoples (they were all called Tatars then). “They were not Russians and not Tatars, but what faith-custom and how they were nicknamed, no one knows about that,” wrote Pavel Bazhov. However, museum workers, lecturers and guides are required to adhere to official version about the "winged" Mansi metallurgists.

Azov-mountain - beautiful place. A heap of rocks, birches and pines somehow manage to sprout between them, an amazing “stone river” (scree), cliffs. The view from the top is simply magical. The main regional attraction. Plus a place of pilgrimage for seekers of the unknown and other esotericists. People are, in general, harmless. True, having taken too much, sometimes they begin to scream painfully piercingly. According to legend, you need to call out loud the “dear name” (female), then the mountain will open and reveal its secrets to the world. “By the way, the treasure hidden in the Azov Mountain is not gold at all. Bazhov doesn’t write about treasures, it’s some kind of ancient knowledge,” Natalya Gurkina believes.

On the slopes, among the rocks, there are several places that can be identified with the entrances to the caves. Someone diligently blocked them with huge, precisely fitted boulders of stone - two or three meters deep into the mountain and that's it, a dead end. The truth is somewhere near.

Ural anaconda

Bazhov himself did not believe in the Great Poloz. Until I saw it with my own eyes. “It happened in 1947, near Degtyarsk. Bazhov came to locality on business - since 1946 he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, met with his constituents. And on the way back across the road along which he was driving a snake crawled. Pavel Petrovich stopped, got out, waited for him to clear the way. After this incident, the writer’s doubts disappeared,” says Natalia Gurkina.

The snake lives in remote places. But the residents of the Polevskiy district know exactly where. Moreover, there are already two types of asps - black and brown, with a geometric pattern on the skin. Hunters claim that they know the habitats of snakes, even entire snake families, they also studied the habits of these reptiles.

The snake is really great, that is, big. “The average length of an individual is 3–3.5 meters, 20–25 cm thick, and 5–6 meters are found, but extremely rarely. They feed on rodents, birds, and sometimes hares. The snake stuns the victim with a blow to the head, then swallows it. It is non-venomous and does not attack people. In autumn, before hibernation, snakes, like other snakes, bask in the sun,” explains local historian and hunter Anatoly Semiletov. In the view of the inhabitants of Polevskoy and its environs, great snakes are the same ordinary animals as moose or bears. They are used to it. Although where they are found, they still prefer not to meddle, you never know what. A huge snake - somehow scary ...

There are many stories about snakes, including funny ones. “Once, an old Muslim woman, from the Bashkirs, grazed goats and at the same time walked her naughty granddaughter. And the one, when the grandmother performed namaz, tickled her heels with a twig. In general, the old woman got tired of this, she broke off a long twig and put it next to the prayer rug. And when she felt - someone touched her legs, without looking she whipped back. Immediately, something pushed her hard, she even fell, turned around - and a snake was crawling nearby, she slapped him. Healthy. He did not touch the old woman, ”says Anatoly Semiletov.

Recently a student of the sports section led by Semiletov saw a snake. Asp, suddenly appearing from tall grass, greatly frightened young man. Too damn healthy. But the Ural anaconda - as it is called here - rarely leaves its permanent habitat. True, at one time, about half a century ago, a snake (with a patterned skin) lived on an island not far from the city. Everyone knew this and did not bother him.

Zoologists do not believe in the Ural anaconda. Nevertheless, Anatoly Semiletov and other enthusiasts carefully document all the information on giant snakes - where they saw how much, approximate size, adults or juveniles. Suddenly, one day this knowledge will come in handy?

From the unreleased

Memorial house-museum of P.P. Bazhov in Yekaterinburg (a branch of the United Museum of Ural Writers) - here the writer spent last years life. An almost obligatory point of a typical excursion to the sights of the city. Here is the table at which the "Malachite Box" was written, here is its first "author's" copy, and this is a sheet of manuscript of tales. Standard tourist narrative.

But everything is a little different. “In fact, Bazhov did not work at this beautiful table - he appeared much later, but behind that unpretentious one that stands in the corner. And behind the old pre-revolutionary bureau, it is now in the corridor, ”explains Georgy Grigoriev, head of the museum.

Among the personal belongings of the writer on display is a modest notebook. As a rule, visitors do not pay attention to it. And it turns out that there are a great many such notebooks - this is the legacy of the writer, which still remains unexplored. As you know, Bazhov began to work on books quite late. That's why most he simply did not have time to process the tales, myths, legends and traditions he collected.

What else mystery stories hidden in those notebooks? “The funds of the United Museum of Writers of the Urals contain all the notebooks of the writer, where he wrote down the stories of his fellow countrymen. There are a lot of them, whole stacks. But, unfortunately, no one deals with them,” explains Georgy Grigoriev. Indeed, for future researchers, this is just an unplowed field.

No one goes home to Danila the master either. The village of Koltashi is between Rezh and Nevyansk. Danila Zverev (1858–1938), a major specialist in the extraction and processing of Ural gems, lived on Zelenaya Street. My first attempt to "take the language" from the locals fails. The young man had not heard of any Zverev. But the ancient old man is aware of the affairs of the past days. “There was a house here. Good, intelligible - stone. They just pulled it apart brick by brick immediately after the war, when there were not enough building materials. Danila Zverev did not have any heirs, now there is someone's garden, like summer residents, they don't even know who lived here. Soon everyone will forget that we have the homeland of Danila the master, ”the grandfather sighed and trudged to the village store.

The stone girl, or the mistress of the Copper Mountain, is a character of the Ural legends, thanks to the tales of Bazhov, she gained great fame. The hostess of the Copper Mountain in the works of Bazhov appears in the form beautiful girl in a malachite dress. Bazhov's tales are based on Ural folklore and are of interest to readers of all ages. The protagonist of The Mistress of the Copper Mountain is Stepan, a simple worker who met the mistress of the Copper Mountain herself, but this meeting did not bring him happiness.

Characteristics of the heroes of "The Mistress of the Copper Mountain"

Main characters

Minor characters

It was a brief description of heroes of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, which can be used in a literature lesson.