The safest form of transport is the plane. Airplanes are a very safe mode of transport.

The author of this phrase is Dmitry Kuznetsov - captain and pilot Airbus aircraft A320 of Rossiya Airlines. About the fact that the plane is very safe view transport, he is ready to talk for hours and with great pleasure. And it turned out to be interesting and convincing. Do you know, friends, that each system in the aircraft is duplicated several times? This means that if one fails, the other will perform the functions of a non-working one. And that the plane is able to take off and land even with one of the two engines under the wings completely out of order? And that the plane before the flight goes through such a meticulous inspection that even small chips and dents are marked on the outer body of the aircraft?

All this and much more was learned by a knowledge-hungry company of bloggers as part of the #pulkovotour, organized by the press service of Pulkovo Airport. On that day, we examined the aircraft, looked at the technical base, met with the rescuers and saw new terminal airport from the inside. This post is about inspecting an aircraft using an exampleAirbus A320.

We were all let through one of the airport checkpoints, dressed in vests with the inscription PRESS and taken to the plane.
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Here he is, handsome, does not fit entirely into the lens :)
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We went around the plane from all sides. Dmitry is on the right, in a cap and with a badge.
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From him (and not only) we learned that there are two types of aircraft maintenance: operational and technical. Operational maintenance is carried out each time before the flight and can last no more than 50 minutes according to the standard. The captain of the ship is obliged to accept the ship in good condition and he is directly involved in the maintenance. See the round stickers with the numbers on the body of the aircraft? This is how non-critical deformations of the metal are marked. One of the captain's tasks is to start by going around the entire aircraft from the outside, and note all the new dents in order to mark them with new stickers. During the inspection, it may seem that the captain is stroking the plane and talking to him. But it is true, this is a kind of tradition adopted from the older generation of the FAC.
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One of the plane's engines. Each blade is marked with a number in order. In the process of operational maintenance, the blades are inspected for the presence of dents from stones and birds.
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By the way, about birds. Contrary to popular belief about the danger of birds getting into aircraft engines, nothing will happen to the engine in this case and the flight will proceed as usual. But you definitely won’t envy the bird, the engine blades (sorry for the bloody details) will grind the bird into minced meat. Moreover, Dmitry said that aircraft engines are tested at special test sites, firing at a running engine ... with bird carcasses. Indeed, the safety of passengers requires bird prey.
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Engine on the side. This is a very complex, powerful and reliable device. And beautiful, as you can see :) You can’t be near a running engine, it will suck! The minimum safe distance is 6.5 meters. The most serious test for the engine is the takeoff mode, when the aircraft begins its takeoff roll and lifts off the runway. In this mode, the engines operate at maximum (or close to maximum) power. According to the regulations, pilots are supposed to turn on this mode for no more than 5 minutes. Otherwise, the engine is subjected to increased loads and the likelihood of its failure increases dramatically.
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On the body of the aircraft, you can see several similar technological holes and hatches. Each of them performs its function. For example, this one, if I'm not mistaken, serves to take in air for the aircraft's ventilation system.
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"Antennas" at the ends of the wings are used to remove static electricity from the body of the aircraft. To the right is one of the strobe lights that allow you to see the plane in the night sky. Airbuses, unlike Boeings, shine twice in a row with a pause. Boeing's strobes flash in uniform flashes, a little more than once per second.
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Then we moved inside, to the cabin of the aircraft. When will it be possible to sit in business class seats again? :) In the cabin, there was an opportunity to throw questions at Ivan Nikitin, the FAC of the Boeing-767 aircraft (I didn’t get into the frame, unfortunately). I remember there was a question about the most difficult airport for takeoff and landing. He mentioned the airport of Innsbruck, the landing of the plane there is complicated by the local terrain, you have to go around the mountains. Well, he talked a little about the global differences in aircraft manufactured by Boeing and Airbus.
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For our sake, Dmitry launched the APU (auxiliary power point) aircraft. It is used to supply electricity to aircraft instruments and other consumers, such as lighting and air ventilation. Those who have flown in an airplane ordinary passenger, heard the work of the Armed Forces of Ukraine when they boarded.
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So the cockpit began to look more elegant. By right hand from the chair to the manual control helm for flight direction (right?)
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Handles and buttons above the head. There are an unimaginable number of them here. I asked the captain what percentage of the total number of controls in the cockpit is actually used in regular situations? What greatly puzzled Dmitry, who began to calculate something in his mind. Unfortunately, I did not have time to get an answer, time was running out.
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Dmitry turns off the instruments and the APU.
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And this is a shot from the tail section of the aircraft. There are refrigerators, water containers, heaters, in general, equipment that is used by stewards and stewardesses.
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Business class seats
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Empty saloon
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Returning to the issue of aircraft safety as vehicle: according to the International Association air transport, in 2012, 29.600.000 flights were made by aircraft of Western manufacturers (Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Bombardier) and only 6 air crashes, and not a single one in Europe. These figures really say that the plane is the safest mode of transport. And the most dangerous is the car. After that, the fear of flying looks a little silly. It is much more likely to die from an accident on the roads than in the sky on an airplane.
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An airBaltic plane is landing. By the way, here's another one interesting fact which I learned that day. It turns out that it is best to land the plane roughly so that the landing gear of the aircraft hits the runway hard. This is to ensure that the aircraft gets good traction as soon as possible. Moreover, the more slippery the surface (for example, after rain) - the rougher it is necessary to land the plane. Therefore, the planes of almost all foreign companies land roughly, this is indicated in the flight rules and regulations. But in Russia, following the old, Soviet school of pilots, it is customary to land the plane easily. And this is fraught with loss of traction and roll out of the aircraft beyond runway. With such a landing style, they are actively fighting and gradually crowding out. So think many times before applauding the pilots who landed the plane easily and delicately :)
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And, finally, one more interesting fact. The rougher the plane lands, the more tire consumption. Have you seen black marks on those parts of the runway where planes land? This is the rubber from aircraft tires, which remains on the surface immediately after the aircraft touches the ground. So, the Boeing 747-400 aircraft leaves about 2.5 kilograms of rubber on the runway after only one landing!
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Thank you captains aircraft Rossiya Airlines for a very interesting story everything related to aircraft. It was noticeable that they sincerely love their work, planes, the sky. And part of this love they managed to pass on to us. It is a pity that there was little time for communication, and many interesting questions were remembered only after meeting with them.

calculate, what mode of transport is the safest, not so easy. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of dead or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. For air, rail and water transport, finding this data is not difficult, because thanks to tickets, each person is taken into account. But with transport automotive problems. Tracking the movement of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store is not possible - after all, no one passes registration to leave on the threshold of their home.

Our transport safety rating according to statistics for 2018 was compiled using various sources - from the data of the National Union of Insurers, which keep statistics on registered insured events from 2012 to the present, to data on traffic accidents on the Rosstat website.

> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km

Although the number of motorcycle accidents has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle still remains one of the most dangerous modes of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion kilometers of the way are paid for by the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.

A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are highly likely to end sadly. Cause - non-compliance with the rules traffic, and, surprisingly, the fundamental refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.

5.75 people per 1.6 billion km

In second place in the number of road accidents are private cars. In total, at least 5.75 people die in 1.6 billion kilometers of the way.

The reasons are both the unwillingness of drivers to comply with the rules of the road, and the condition of the roadway, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration in the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together serve as a guarantee that road transport in Russia will not be safe for a long time to come.

9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers

Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international shipping, and long-distance. Especially if a person in a helicopter is forced to go to those parts where even the notorious Makar prefers not to drive his calves. Perhaps this is the reason for such a high number of casualties among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. Have to fall from high altitude, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.

5 dead per 1.5 billion km

Fixed-route taxis are by no means the safest form of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion kilometers traveled by a minibus are paid for with five human lives. Among the reasons can be named both the work of drivers for wear and tear, and the design miscalculations of minibuses, the condition of the roads, the unwillingness to follow the rules of the road and drunk driving.

2.84 injured per 1 million transported

In 2018, there were several major accidents involving intercity buses, including a tragic accident in Voronezh region, when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. In general, according to statistics, intercity and international buses not distinguished by safety - for every million passengers transported in accidents, at least 2.84 are injured or killed. In total for 2018 trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.

2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both international ships and domestic river carriers. In total, in 2018, 62 incidents occurred during sea and river travel, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to NSS statistics, for every million passengers carried, there are 2.3 accidents.

Passengers on sea and river boats not only the water element threatens, but also the fire element. One of common causes traffic accidents - a sudden outbreak of fire on board a ship, usually caused by a malfunction of the electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that the Russian domestic fleet is in a deplorable state, and almost a third of the ships have celebrated 40 years of operation.

Probability of dying: 1:11,000,000

The most without dangerous transport in the world, however, in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. The data of the National Association of Insurers, on which we relied when assessing the risk of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only within the country, but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.

That's why the plane is the safest mode of transport: according to statistics, the odds of dying in an accident on board an aircraft are 1 in 11 million. For comparison: the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!

0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers

This category includes both intercity and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains. In general, for 2018, the statistics for Russian Railways look excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven accidents were registered. Unfortunately, there were no deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.

Everyone prefers to use one of the safest modes of transport more people, and one price does not explain it. After all, for some destinations, the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, for 2018 in trains long distance transported almost 8% more passengers than last year. And the growth in the number of passengers on electric trains amounted to almost 3%.

0.09 cases per million transported

Trolleybus is in second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia. According to NSS statistics, there are only 0.09 accidents for every million passengers carried. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell”.

The reasons for the low injury rate of a trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as its low speed. In the event of a collision with, for example, car much worse for a car. And the passengers of the trolleybus will get off with light bruises.

0.04 affected out of 1,000,000 people

The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million arrivals from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:

it moves more smoothly than a car and even a trolleybus;
less noisy;
completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists are trying to drive along the tracks);
of all urban transport causes the least harm to the environment.

Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is the limited local budget, which is simply unable to support a separate line. In total, over the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest mode of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?

Reading time: 7 min.

Every day, millions of people learn from the news feed about car accidents, derailed trains, crashed planes and other accidents that end in a great number of deaths. The question arises, how to protect yourself from trouble and what kind of transport is the safest? In order not to indulge in fear, we present to your attention a list of the safest transport in the world, according to this year's statistical reports.

This type of transport, justifiably, is considered the most dangerous in the world. This is confirmed by statistics - 125 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers. Anyone who prefers this type of vehicle is seriously endangering himself, and very consciously. Motorcyclists make up only 1% of the total flow on the highway, but a fifth of all accidents fall on this type of transport. Motorists gave motorcyclists the nickname "crunches" for a reason. The reason for this was a very low percentage of passive safety, a huge acceleration, a huge speed of movement and aspects related to psychology: a love of extreme sports and adrenaline rushes in the body. Motorcyclists often find themselves in the "blind spot" for cars because they are so small.

According to statistics, there are 35 deaths for every 1.5 billion kilometers. This is the most environmentally friendly transport, but at the same time one of the most unsafe. But, in truth, car drivers are more to blame for accidents than cyclists themselves. It often happens that the car has only a few scratches, but the cyclist, along with his transport, is between life and death.

Statistics in this case give numbers in 25 dead people 1.5 billion kilometers. The most dangerous incidents that happen in the subway are fire, crush, train collisions. A large number of people in a small closed space- panic and a huge percentage of victims. IN Russian Federation the leader in such incidents is the Moscow Metro.

Traveling by water has always been a very risky undertaking. Of course, over many centuries of technological development, now water transport has become much safer, but nevertheless, for every 1.5 billion kilometers, there are 20 deaths. Although the main cause of death remains not collisions with other ships, but passengers falling overboard.

Here statistics give such figures - 7 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers. The danger of flying in outer space is in no way comparable to the earthly one - traveling in space is 17 times safer than riding a motorcycle. For all the time of travel in space, only three vehicles did not return to Earth (the only thing that negatively affects the statistical reports is explosions during spacecraft takeoffs).

Minibus trips suggest 5 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. It is one of the most popular modes of transport among the population. To protect yourself in a fixed-route taxi, it is best to take a seat in the middle. Here the size of the car, stable grip and passive safety will already play. Unfortunately, the main cause of accidents remains the low level of qualification of drivers.

Here, statisticians give such figures - 4 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers. The development of technology has also affected cars, now passive and active safety is on a completely different level. Unfortunately, motorists are most dependent on other road users. You can be the most skillful and careful driver in the world, but this still does not insure against the fact that someone can crash into you and, as a result, you will end up in a clinic or even worse.

Buses are in third place in the ranking, statistics show one fatality per 1.5 billion kilometers. If you want to travel safely, then this transport is for you. Sometimes it turns out that the bus route has more than one thousand kilometers (for example, in Australia, a bus that travels along the Perth-Brisbane route travels 5455 kilometers). But it's still safe to travel by bus.

The train is one of the safest modes of transport. Just think about it - only 0.2 dead per 1.5 billion kilometers of road. The railroad in America and Europe is the safest in the world. In Russia, things are going a little worse - 0.7 dead on the same piece of road. If you calculate the probability of dying on a train, it will be 1 in 431800 degrees (approximately 0.0002%). The Investopedia resource cites data that says that the probability of dying in a car accident is 1000 times more than a railway one.

Paradoxically to many, airplanes are the safest means of transport in the world. The probability that you will die during a flight on a plane is 1: 8,000,000. The problem is that although planes crash very rarely, they always entail a large number of victims. Therefore, the media always covers such incidents and psychologically people begin to be afraid of flying by plane. There are 0.5 deaths per 1.5 billion kilometers. The Aviation Safety Agency claims that a person will die in a car accident with a probability of 1 in 8 million. And self-destructive individuals need to take a ticket every day on a random flight, for 21 thousand years, in order to accomplish their plans.

Every day, we are bombarded with a stream of negative information from the news: plane crashes, train wrecks, mass road accidents. Gathering in long trip, a person involuntarily thinks: what is the safest type of transport according to statistics and how to insure yourself against an accident. Opinion polls show that people panic before an air flight, but boldly get into buses and private cars.

General characteristics of all modes of transport

Water transport

Water transport is designed to transport people and goods along rivers, canals, lakes. With the development of aviation, transcontinental transportation came to naught. From the river swimming facilities actual trams, cruise ships and ferries. They run between settlements or shores according to a set route and schedule. The ferry is operated for transportation a large number people, goods, vehicles.

Ground transport

Rail (railway) transport is represented by long-distance and commuter. Passenger train- reliable and comfortable way moving from one locality to another in a relatively short period of time.

Trains attract passengers affordable prices for tickets, run at any time of the year and day, regardless of weather conditions. The disadvantage is the cessation of the construction of new railway lines due to high competition with buses and private cars.

Wheeled transport

buses, fixed-route taxis and minibuses. Used to transport people over various distances. Advantages - affordable ticket prices and relatively high speed. Disadvantages - dependence on weather conditions.

Air Transport

The technological progress of the twentieth century did not bypass aviation. Today, the air direction is developing dynamically, thousands of domestic and international flights are carried out daily in the world. Features of air transport - good maneuverability, large territorial coverage.

The main advantage is high speed. Boarding a plane in Moscow, in a few hours you can admire the sunset in the tropics.

To disadvantages modern aviation can be attributed high cost tickets and depending on weather conditions. The problem is especially noticeable in winter time- massive flight delays, airports overcrowded with passengers.

Incident Statistics

Official death rates are at odds with the perception of ordinary citizens. The latter believe that the movement on land transport bears minimal risk.

World statistics use different methods to count the deaths in traffic accidents. The most popular is the number of deaths per 160 million km.

Buses and cars

Familiar and comfortable buses, minibuses and cars are the most dangerous transport. The only competition will be a motorcycle or a bicycle. More than 10 people die on the roads of Russia every day and even more victims are seriously injured.

Common causes of accidents are speeding, overtaking attempts, weather, car malfunction. In second place is the human factor: drunk driving, lack of sleep, distraction by talking, music, snacking.

According to statistical research, the number of road accidents differs significantly by region. This is due to the unsatisfactory condition of highways, the lack of normal lighting at night.

Mortality rate per road transport is 1.6 people per 160 million km when traveling on passenger buses. Among cars, the figure is higher - 3.1 people per 160 million km. Over a million people die in road accidents every year. This is much higher than in a train, plane or boat. Over 20,000 people died in car accidents in 2016.

Railway

Rail transport is considered to be the most reliable and safe of land transportation. According to mortality statistics, there are 0.9 passengers per 160 million km - less than one person. It is not surprising that in the Russian Federation, according to statistics, the lowest death rate is on railway transport.

Subject to speed modern trains this is a good indicator. Most of the crashes are associated with a defect in the railway track, a malfunction of the rolling stock, and a violation of safety regulations at crossings.

In 2014-2016, 40 major disasters, about 100 dead and over 1000 injured. Rosstat from 2014 to 2015 has about 20 dead as a result of the tragedy on railway. This is 16% higher than in 2013.

Water transport

Since ancient times, water has taken human lives as the price of transportation. Modern ferries, trams and motor ships guarantee relative safety to passengers. The cause of the crash is often weather conditions - storm, fog, hurricanes, icebergs. The statistics are disappointing: 2.6 people per 160 million km.

Note! The cause of half of the deaths on the water is falling overboard due to a violation of safety rules.

The statistics of mortality on the water is spoiled by cases in the waters of Africa and Asia. Vessels full of refugees and illegal migrants head for the shores neighboring countries in search of a better share. Safety in such cases comes last.

Air communication

Of all the above, the safest mode of transport is the plane. The mortality rate is 0.5 person per 160 ml km. The chances of becoming a victim of a plane crash are 1:8,000,000. It turns out that the probability of death is greater on the way to the airport than in the sky.

Attention! People betray great importance plane crashes, losing confidence in aviation. In fact, when a plane crashes, for 1-2 weeks we are told about it daily from TV screens and newspaper pages. As a result - negative emotions and fear of flying.

In 2017, there are 15 air crashes, most of them are related to cargo aircraft. The death toll was 22 people. This is a record low figure, hundreds of times lower than the victims of road tragedies.

In the event of a plane crash, the insurance company is obliged to pay a large sum to the families of the victims. If plane crashes happened often, insurers would have gone bankrupt long ago. A weighty argument in favor of the aircraft.

The most dangerous type of transport statistics include ground vehicles. But you can insure yourself by increasing the chance of salvation in the event of a tragedy.

When traveling by car, the back seat behind the driver's seat is considered safe. If a collision threatens, the driver will instinctively try to turn the car in opposite side to deflect the blow.

Note! In buses and fixed-route taxis, places in the middle of the cabin are considered safe.

When traveling by train, it is recommended to purchase tickets for the middle carriages. In the event of a collision, the main blow falls on the locomotive and the first cars. When derailing, the last carriages often turn over, increasing the chances of injury or death. It is always better to choose seats with your back to the traffic. In case of emergency braking, this will help to avoid injury.

When traveling on water, it is important to know the location of life jackets. Highly recommended to find fast track from the cabin to the deck, so that in the event of an emergency not to panic and quickly prepare for evacuation.

It sounds strange, but there are also seats on the plane that increase the chances of salvation. This tail section aircraft. Not everyone is comfortable there because of the noise, but when the first and swipe belongs to the nose. World Stats data recorded cases of survival in a plane crash.

Interesting: most of the survivors during the flight took seats in the back rows.

Aircraft is recognized as the safest mode of transport. Every minute, thousands of airliners take to the skies around the world. Considering the capacity of the aircraft is 200-300 people, a significant part of the world's population is in flights. In the event of frequent crashes, the Earth would be empty. One plane crash occurs in every millionth flight, which includes cargo and military aircraft.

Speed is an important factor. An airplane travels 160 million km faster than a train or a bus. Hence the conclusion: for long distances it is better to choose a flight, because the mortality rate is the lowest (0.5 people).

Aircraft - 0.5.
Train - 0.9.
Buses, minibuses, fixed-route taxis - 1.6.
Water transport - 2.6.
Personal car - 3.1.

The above studies are just a dry ranking based on a statistical study. Transport itself is a high-risk area. Choosing this or that type of transportation, you can only partially prepare and protect yourself.