Karelia vodlozero map. Vodlozero - the pearl of Karelian fishing

Vodlozero is a Russian lake (reservoir) in the Pudozhsky district of the Republic of Karelia.
The lake is elongated, elongated from north to south. The shores of the lake are low and rocky.

Grows along the coast coniferous forest(spruce, pine and larch). The water is dark yellow in color, slightly mineralized, warms up in July to 22-25 °C.

The Vama and Dry Vodla rivers flow from Vodlozero, the Ileksa and Kelka rivers flow into it.
There are 196 islands on the lake with total area 34 km², the largest of which are Kanzanavolok (6.2 km²), Kolgostrov (2.9 km²), Velikostrov (2.0 km²), Pelgostrov (2.0 km²), Shuyostrov (1.7 km²), Okhtom, Ragunovo , Vygostrov, Mary, Kingostrov.
Higher aquatic vegetation is represented mainly by reeds and amphibious buckwheat.
20 species of fish live in Vodlozero. The most common are vendace, whitefish, pike perch, bream, ide, pike, roach, perch, burbot, smelt, and ruff.

Freezes in November, opens in early May.
The most significant settlement on the lake is the village of Kuganavolok on a long cape in the southern part of the lake (translated from Karelian as Sudachiy Cape).

Story
On Vodlozero, A.F. Gilferding wrote down 24 epics from 7 storytellers.
Once upon a time, up to 40 small villages were located on the shores and islands of the lake as part of the churchyards - Prechistensky and Ilyinsky. The ethno-local group of Russians, the Vodlozers, lived in the villages.
In 1935, Vodlozero was turned into a seasonal reservoir for rafting purposes by constructing wooden dams to regulate the flow of the Vama and Dry Vodla rivers flowing from Vodlozero. In the 1990s, timber rafting was stopped and regulation began to be carried out to improve the water supply of Pudozh and other settlements. In 2006, an unregulated concrete dam was built at the source of the Vama River instead of a wooden dam, and the hydrological regime of the reservoir returned to natural.

In 1947-1951, there was a passenger water service - motorboat No.
In the 1950s, the villages were enlarged (merged), most of the settlements were abolished, and the inhabitants were resettled in the village of Kuganavolok, which to this day remains the largest settlement on Vodlozero.
In 1991, the Vodlozersky National Park was formed, on the territory of which the lake is located.

National Park "Vodlozersky"

It is not for nothing that Karelia is called the land of forests and lakes. A lot of tourists visit the republic every year, quite a few Karelians themselves travel around their native expanses. So, to the north-east of the city of Pudozh, there is a protected area, a little developed, inaccessible and almost uninhabited region.
In 1991, in the month of April, the first national park in the north of Russia was organized in this region. An event of this kind was of great importance for the entire environmental protection of our country. The park area covers eastern part Karelia (Pudozhsky district) and part of the Arkhangelsk region (Onega district) and in total occupies 5 thousand square meters. km.
Vodlozersky National Park is one of the largest reserves in the world wildlife. The fauna of the park is represented by 38 species of mammals, 5 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 22 species of various fish. Such diversity is a consequence of the weak impact of human activity on the nature of the park over the centuries. Many endangered species of animals and birds find refuge in the vast territory of the park. Birds of prey, listed in the Red Book of Russia and Karelia, such as the white-tailed eagle, osprey and golden eagle, often circle here. Encounters with a brown bear, elk, lynx, marten, wolverine, badger, muskrat, fox and wolf are common here. The park has also become a haven for forest reindeer.
The largest water arteries of the park are the full-flowing and turbulent Ileksa River and Lake Vodlozero, with a length of 438 km. Actually, the park got its name from the name of the lake. Vodlozero is very popular among anglers and is famous for being one of the most fishing spots in Karelia. Any fisherman, perhaps, will be happy to try excellent fish soup from the best views fish: pike perch, bream, whitefish, ide or burbot, which are found in the purest waters of the park's reservoirs. In general, more than 10% of the park's territory is occupied by rivers and lakes. Therefore, if you look at the expanses of Vodlozero from a bird's eye view, then one of the predominant colors will be deep, calm, mysterious and alluring blue.

An integral part of the nature of the park are swamps, which are of interest to scientists around the world. The uniqueness of the Vodlozero Park is manifested not only in the variety of swamps, but also in its high degree of swampiness (more than 40%). In the swamps of the park large quantities cranberries and cloudberries grow, as well as medicinal plants: cinquefoil and wild rosemary. In a number of swamps of the park, there are plants and rare sphagnum mosses listed in the Red Book of Karelia and Russia.
The territory of the park is a huge array of untouched taiga. The Vodlozero Park is famous for its 200- and 300-year-old larches, pines and spruces. The majestic forests of the park have surprisingly never been actively cut down and have not suffered from major fires.

On the territory of the Vodlozersky National Park, not only pristine nature, virgin forests and clean lakes have miraculously been preserved, but also the richest cultural heritage of the past. Many architectural monuments of the 18th-19th centuries have been discovered on the territory of the park: barns, chapels, peasant houses. Ilyinsky churchyard, named the most poetic monument, became the pride of the national park ancient Russian architecture. The churchyard consists of the church of Elijah the Prophet and the Assumption of the Virgin, a bell tower and a chopped fence. The official date of construction of the temple is April 16, 1798, but the news about the churchyard dates back to XVII century. Subsequently, the churches were rebuilt and restored. In 1995, the Ilyinsky churchyard experienced its second birth, then the temple became active and turned into a true spiritual center Vodlozero.
The Vodlozersky National Park is ready to receive a huge number of tourists every year and offers them a wide variety of outdoor activities: a trip along rivers and lakes, nature and ecological paths, in addition, the park staff has developed specialized programs for specialists, students and schoolchildren.

FISHING ON VODLOZERO
What does a person need when he is going fishing? Good tackle, a good reservoir and in it - good fish. What is good tackle and good fish is more or less clear. What is a good reservoir? The presence of fish, of course, is not discussed, but this is not the only requirement. A good pond is a place that, once you arrive, you begin to love, and which you begin to miss before you even leave. If you are not afraid to lose your peace of mind and leave your heart forever among the wooded islands scattered across the blue-blue surface of the northern lakes, come to the Vodlozero National Park.

VODLOZERSKIY National Park - the largest protected natural complex Europe. Here they love and know how to receive guests. Moreover, both the first Russian president and the head of neighboring Finland fished on the Vodlozero at the highest state level. In general, the park annually receives fifty thousand tourists. This is an impressive figure, but it is not crowded here - the park occupies about half a million hectares. There are more than 200 islands on Vodlozero, choose any and feel like Robinson Crusoe. Like to be a savage - spend the night at least under open sky. I wanted warmth and comfort - there are equipped parking lots and bases and, which is especially pleasing to many fishermen, 40 (forty!) real Russian baths.

The park has a license to organize sports and recreational fishing and the extraction of valuable species of fish, aquatic animals and plants. And for the fishermen here is a paradise. Ten-kilogram pikes on Vodlozero are not uncommon. Pike perch and bream are well caught. Well, any small things for a dinner ear in the rivulets flowing into the lake can be caught in an hour and a half.

Local places from time immemorial live by fishing. Fish for water lozers has always been both a means of subsistence and an object of worship. It's in the names settlements preserved. The name of the village of Kuganovolok, the only inhabited village in the park, has an ancient Fino-Ugric base, which means "super cape" in translation. And the name of the abandoned village of Kalakunda is translated as "a tribe of fish." The park management plans to restore the old abandoned villages and make them interesting tourist sites.

The experience of serving guests in the national park "Vodlozersky" is so atypical for our country, which is not spoiled by service, that the leaders of other national parks became interested in it. At the end of August, a seminar-meeting organized by the Wildlife Conservation Center took place on the territory of Vodlozerskoye. It was attended by representatives of seven protected natural areas European part of Russia. One of the points of the resolution adopted at the seminar was the following:

To note the positive experience of the Vodlozero National Park in the development of regulated tourism and recreation and the formation of their infrastructure. To consider the creation of conditions for the development of regulated tourism and recreation as one of the priority areas of activity of national parks at the present stage, an effective tool for their integration into the socio-economic system of the regions.

And in conclusion, for those who want to personally verify the truth of what is said here and visit Vodlozero, we present excerpts from the recreational fishing rules adopted in the park.

A document giving the right to carry out sport fishing in water bodies National Park for hook and net fishing gear, consider a ticket (numbered permit) of the established form, issued by the park administration through authorized representatives in visitor centers, forestries and state inspectors.
A voucher (NUMBERED PERMIT) is issued for one calendar day and gives the right to use one hook tackle (track, fishing rod, spinning) or 1 mesh net from 18 to 40 mm, no more than 70 m long. Amateur net fishing is introduced temporarily for the period of open water.
Payment for one permit for sport fishing in the waters of NP "Vodlozersky" per year is set at 15 rubles. per day. When purchasing a permit for a period of more than 15 days, a 50% discount is introduced from the established rates.
At the same time, it sets additional discounts and perks:
- For all citizens of the Russian Federation a 50% discount is introduced;
- For all citizens permanently residing in the Pudozhsky and Onega regions, as well as in the villages of Valdai and Sergievo of the Senezhsky region of the Republic of Karelia, a 90% discount is introduced;
- For pensioners, a privilege is introduced when charging a fee in the amount of 50% of the rate, taking into account the introduced discounts;
- For veterans of the Great Patriotic War and citizens of Russia and the CIS countries equated to them, a complete exemption from payment for a permit for sport fishing in the NP is introduced;
- Cash from payment for fishing collected from citizens are used to finance research, conservation activities and the development of sport fishing.

VODL RIVER AREA
Describing specifically the travel area, the following can be noted: Almost all the banks of Navtozero, Vodloozero, the Vama River, the Vodla River are overgrown with mixed forests. There are quite a lot of swamps or just low places. But finding a good parking spot is not difficult. Good fishing throughout the route.
Navtozero is a small beautiful lake in a mixed forest.
The water lake has an area of ​​362 sq. km, a length of 36.2 km, a width of 5.9 km, and a maximum depth of 16 m. The level in Vodloozero is maintained by two dams on the Vama and Dry Vodla rivers. Numerous islands (196) make the lake very beautiful. some
a feature of the route for Karelia is that all the lakes are at the beginning of the path.
Further, the Vama and Vodla rivers have practically no standing water. Also, the features of the route include the fact that the river. Vama immediately at its beginning (the dam at Vodlaozero) has a rather large water flow (about 100 cubic meters) and a width of about 50 - 60m.
The water supply of the Vama River is distributed as follows: 45% snow (only during the snowmelt period), 25% rain, 30% soil. The Vodla River is formed by the confluence of the Vama River and the Dry Vodla River. The length %e is about 175 km. The average slope is 0.328 m per km.
There are good trails along both rivers.

Report on a water tourist trip of the fourth category of complexity in the Arkhangelsk region and Karelia along the route: r. Tin - r. Ileksa - lake. Vodloozero - r. Vama - r. Vodla - v. Vodla made by a group of tourists t / c "Traverse" Orel in the period from July 09 to July 31, 2005
(author Kravchenko D.V. (Eagle)

1. General characteristics of the route
Travel area - Arhangelsk region and Karelia.
The category of difficulty is the fourth.
Type of tourism - water.
The number of participants is six.
Water level - low
Vessel types:
kayak "Taimen-3" - 2 pcs.
kayak "Katran" - 1 pc.
Travel itinerary: Orel - Kem - st. Kusha - r. Tin - Ileksa river - Vodlozero lake - Vama river - Vodla river - Pudozh settlement - Medvezhegorsk city - Orel city.
The length of the rafting is 241 km.
The duration of the trip is 23 days.

Vodla river near the village of Kikovo

2. Information about the travel area
The travel area is located in the south of the Arkhangelsk region and the southeast of Karelia. This area is a gentle ledge separating the Baltic Shield (a large uplift of a vast area of ​​the earth's crust in the northern part of Europe) and the Russian platform.
The hilly, in some places low-mountainous territory is composed of ancient crystalline rocks, which gradually sink deep into the Earth, as they move away to the east and southeast, hiding under layers of sedimentary rocks. Bedrocks are exposed here in the channels of rapids, found on the slopes of valleys and the shores of numerous lakes.

Despite its northern location, Karelia has a rather mild climate. This is due to the proximity to the White, Baltic and non-freezing coast of the Barents Sea, washed by the Gulf Stream.
All rivers belong to the group with mixed sources of food, with a predominance of snow. The summer water level is highly dependent on rainfall. The average water temperature in August is 14-16 degrees. The freezing of rivers occurs in November, and the opening occurs at the end of April.
The district is covered with dense pine (up to 60%) and spruce (up to 30%) forests, which are home to about 60 species of animals: elk, brown bear, wolf, fox, hare, etc., and more than 200 species of birds. Huge fish stocks of Karelia. IN lower reaches rapids rivers found salmon, almost all rivers are found pike, perch, grayling, roach, bream, pike perch, whitefish.
The region is characterized by twilight white nights in summer, the evening dawn merges with the morning. Autumn comes in mid-August. The annual amount of precipitation is 500-600 mm, which is more than 100 mm higher than the possible evaporation. Therefore, the entire area is included in the zone of excessive moisture. Over 70% of precipitation falls from May to September. Thus, the area of ​​our trip stands out for its mountainous terrain and exotic taiga, there is almost no permanent population.

RELIEF AND CLIMATE OF VODDLOZERO
The bottom relief is complex. The lake has a number of depressions with a relatively flat bottom; at the same time, sharp, differently oriented rises and falls of the bottom are frequent, forming islands of shallows and pits. According to the nature of the distribution of depths and the structure of the bottom topography, the lake is divided into three regions: northern, middle and southern. The northern region is shallow, in it the zone with depths up to 2 m occupies 38% of the area, the greatest depth does not exceed 5 m. There are many shoals in this area, some of them are exposed by autumn with a drop in the water level. Medium and southern areas deeper: more than 50% of the lake area is occupied by a zone with depths over 5 m. Frequent islands and shoals. The site with the greatest depth of the lake (16.3 m) is located in the middle region.
In the lake there are rocky, sandy, ore and silty soils, as well as transitional between them. The coastal strip is composed mainly of stony and sandy-stony soil. From a depth of 3 meters, silts occur, which are a homogeneous mass of gray-green color with an admixture of detritus. Sandy-ore soils are most pronounced in the middle region of the lake.

Water transparency in August is 1.5–2.4 m. The lowest transparency (1.5–2.0 m) is observed in the estuarine and coastal areas of the lake. The color of the water is dark yellow.
Vodlozero is characterized by a significant warming of the entire water mass, which creates favorable conditions for the development of organisms. In July, surface water temperatures reach 22-25°. In August (1955), the surface water temperatures were 18-20.4°, and the bottom temperatures were 16.8-18.2°. The difference in temperatures at the surface and at the bottom in calm weather reached 3°; after prolonged winds, uniform temperatures are established in the water column. Freeze up in the first half of November, ice breaking in May.

In summer, there is a high content of oxygen dissolved in water - 8 - 9 mg / l (84 - 98% saturation of the normal content) and a small amount of free carbon dioxide - 0.5 - 2 mg / l. In some bays and the deepest parts of the lake with weak mixing of water in the bottom layers, the oxygen content decreases to 6.8–4.6 mg/l (68–45%) and an increase in free CO2 to 3.7–7.5 mg/l is observed. The active reaction of the water is close to neutral: pH 6.81-7.42 in the surface layers of water and 6.41-6.99 in the bottom layers. The oxidizability of water (permanganate) is quite high - 15.3-23.4 mgO2 / l, more often 18-19 mgO2 / l. Compared to many other lakes in Karelia, Vodlozero is better supplied with biogenic elements. Phosphorus and iron were found in all areas of the lake in August during the mass bloom of water, nitrogen (NO3) was also present in some places. The amount of hydrocarbonate ion (HC(U3) ranges from 12.1 to 17.1 mg/l.
In general, in terms of its hydrological and hydrochemical conditions, Vodlozero is a reservoir that provides conditions for the good development of predominantly heat-loving fish species.

HYDROBIOLOGY
The higher aquatic vegetation consists mainly of reeds and amphibious buckwheat. In addition to them, there are pondweeds, horsetail, water lilies, egg capsules, elodea, watercress, water moss, and burr. The aquatic flora is generally poorly developed and is represented by separate thickets bordering the islands and in places along the lake shore, mainly in the southern and middle parts of the lake. The area occupied by higher aquatic vegetation is about 4 km "g.
In the composition of the benthic fauna, a prominent place is occupied by insect larvae - chironomids, caddisflies, mayflies, beetle larvae, and others. Mollusks are widespread: limney, planorbis, valvata, pisidium, toothless. Crustaceans are represented by gammarus, the relict crustacean pallasea, benthic cladocerans and copepods, as well as ostracods. Other groups of benthos include oligochaetes, nematodes, water mites, and leeches. The population of the coastal zone, consisting of chironomids, gastropods, caddis flies, mayflies, and representatives of other groups of benthos, is the richest in terms of qualitative composition. Gammarus and Pallasea are also found here. The silt zone is inhabited mainly by chironomids and pisidium, in addition, there are oligochaetes, water mites, ostracods, and others.

Vodlozero belongs to the reservoirs of Karelia with increased productivity of benthos. The average value of biomass in summer is 26.1 kg/ha with a population of 7.83 million ind./ha. About 65% of the biomass is accounted for by chironomids, 11% by pisi-diums, and about 20%. toothless, living mainly in the southern part of the lake. The highest biomass in the southern part of the lake is 46.2 kg/ha (the number is 10.98 million ind./ha), consisting mainly of chironomids and geleids (26.4 kg/ha), as well as Large toothless (13, 9 kg/ha). Large forms (Chironomus f.l. semireductus, Chironomus, f. 1. plumosus) make up the bulk of the weight of chironomids. The biomass of bottom fauna in the northern part of the lake is 26 kg/ha (number 7.51 million ind./ha), in the middle part - 18 kg/ha (number 6.74 million ind./ha). Some increase in benthos weight is observed in bays, bays and estuaries, as well as in open areas of the lake with large forms of chironomids. The surface layer of silt (0-2 cm) is inhabited in summer by small chironomids, oligochaetes, pisidium, and ostracods (440 specimens/m"", 0.4 g/m). The underlying layers, populated mainly by chironomids, are somewhat poorer in the organisms of the upper layer. A significant increase in biomass is observed by 10–18 cm from the silt surface, reaching 18.3 g/m2 due to the large forms of chironomids found here.
Fish for food use a variety of forms of benthos, including toothless (in the diet of ide, bream). Important feeding places for benthic fish (ide, whitefish, silver bream, ruff, bream, partly perch) and juvenile fish are coastal areas of the lake and coastal slopes, where benthic fauna, along with high quality diversity, reaches significant development (up to 18 kg/ha) , as well as many places in the open parts of the lake.
According to the development of crustacean plankton, Vodlozero belongs to the average productive water bodies of the republic. On average, for the entire lake, the number of planktonic crustaceans is 24.0 thousand ind./m3, biomass is 0.88 g/l3.

The leading position both in number and biomass is occupied by cladocera (50% in number and about 70% in biomass), followed by cyclopides (40% and 20%, respectively) and calanids (10% and 10%).
Of the cladocera, diaphanosomes (about 12% of the total biomass), daphnia (Daphnia cristata and D. cucullata), accounting for about 20% of the total biomass, bosmins (Bosmina coregoni and Bosmina obtusirostrls) about 28%, and chidorus ( 9%). Almost everywhere in the lake there are large (from 3 to 8 mm long) crustaceans of Leptodor (10-290 ind./m3), Bitotrefes (10-110 ind./m"6) and Holopedium (100-1000 ind./m3).

In terms of the degree of development of crustacean plankton, individual sections of the Vodlozero are unequal; the number of crustaceans in the lake increases in the direction from south to north. In the southern part of the lake, the average number of crustaceans is 13 thousand ind. / m "A (about 0.3 g / l3), in the middle part - 18 thousand ind. / m3 (approximately 0.65 g / l3) and in the northern part - 38 thousand ind./m3 (1.4 g/l3).
In Vodlozero, the crustacean plankton of open coastal shallow waters and shallow areas above the pools is very poor quantitatively (about 3.0 thousand ind./m3). Planktonic crustaceans are unevenly distributed in the water column. Under normal conditions, in the middle deep parts of the lake, most of them are concentrated in the upper two-meter water layer; deeper than 2 m, the number of crustaceans decreases by 3-8 times. Near the islands and underwater pools, depending on the direction and duration of the winds, surge concentrations of planktonic organisms are sometimes created in water layers deeper than 2 m. In these water layers, the number of crustaceans increases by 15–20% compared to the water horizon of 0–2 m.

However, at shallow depths in Vodlozero strong winds, causing complete mixing of the entire water column, often lead in some parts of the lake to equalize the distribution of crustaceans in abundance from the surface to the bottom.
The planktivorous fish of the Vodlozero (vendace, smelt, bluefish, juvenile perch and other fish) mainly feed on large bosmines, chidorus, to a lesser extent lepto-dora, bitotrefes, small bosmins, daphnia, limno-sida and holopedium. In the northern part of the lake, in the Varishpelda Bay and in the areas adjacent to it, the forage base is underused by plankton-eating fish.

Fishing on Lake Vodlozero
In Vodlozero there are 20 species of fish belonging to 9 families: salmon, vendace, whitefish, grayling, smelt, pike, roach, dace, ide, minnow, bleak, silver bream, bream, blue bream, mustachioed char, burbot, pike perch, perch, ruff , stalker. Vendace, whitefish, smelt, pike, roach, ide, bream, burbot, pike perch, perch, and ruff are of commercial importance. Salmon and grayling are rare. The leading role in the fishery is played by smelt, bream, pike perch, perch.

The snout is widespread. In autumn and winter, significant accumulations of it are observed in the area of ​​​​Kanzanavolok, Kolgostrov (Dechi Ludy, Derevyannaya Luda, Tonya Mezhalda), near Vygostrov, Pelgostrov. The Pelgostrov area is one of the main fishing areas, it provides up to 50% of the total annual catch of smelt. Especially significant are the accumulations of smelt in the pre-spawning period near the Ostrets Luds and Kingostrov.
The smelt spawns in the bays of Shuilakhta, near Shuyostrov (along the east coast), in the southern part near Velikostrov, near the village of Matkalahty. Good spawning areas near Kevasalma, near Poga. Spawning time is the first half of May, spawning on rocky and pebbly-sandy soils. The average size of the smelt is 7-8 cm, weight 2.5-3 g.
Vodlozero smelt is characterized by early maturity and a short life cycle. In the September catches of 1955, two-year-old specimens prevailed, amounting to 92%, and older fish accounted for 8% (2+.3+). At the age of 1+ years, the smelt reaches 71 mm and 2.1 g, in a three-year-old - 77 mm and 2.8 g, and in a four-year-old 82 mm and 3.6 g (September 1955).
The main food of the smelt (September 1955) is bosmins (57%), especially Bosmina coregoni coregoni (45.3%). Daphnia (12.3%), chidorus (18.8%), bitotrefes (8.8%) are of secondary importance. Competitors in the diet of smelt are vendace and small perch. The smelt may experience an acute shortage of food in spring and early summer; in the second half of summer, competition weakens due to the massive development of zooplankton.

The bream has a wide distribution, and in Vodlozero lake and lake-river bream are distinguished. Northern part lakes are the main distribution area for lake-river bream. Its main spawning grounds are located in the Ileksa and Kelka rivers. The lacustrine form of bream is characteristic of the southern part of the lake.
The largest concentrations of bream in winter are observed in the northern part near Vaskostrov on the slopes ("blockages") with depths up to 4 m, in the area of ​​Kolgostrov (Pogost), Pelgostrov, on the southwestern side of Torosostrov, near Vysoky Island.
The main feeding grounds of bream in summer in the northern part are confined to the mouths of the Ileksa and Kelka rivers. There is a lot of bream in the Zhebelnavolok area, here the bream feeds at depths of up to 4 m, in places with muddy ground. In the middle and southern parts of the lake, feeding bream is found everywhere. There is a lot of it in Okhtomlakht and Leshozero.
Bream spawns in the mouth areas of the Ileksa, rises along the river. Kelke spawns in Kelkozero. In the southern part of the lake, spawning grounds for bream were in Matkalahta; at present, the herd of this bream has been undermined by irrational fishing. Spawning bream is found in the Vavdepol lakhta, rises in the river. Somboma spawns in Leshozero. The course of spawning bream in the river. Ileksu begins in the first decade of May. Its spawning in 1955 took place in the second half of June (the spring of this year was cold). Bream spawning in some parts of the lake takes place almost simultaneously, with a difference in terms of 2-3 days. Mass spawning at a temperature of 17-18°. Spawning of the Vodlozero bream is simultaneous. The bream becomes sexually mature at the age of 7-8 years, in mass at 9-10 years.
The bream feeds mainly on chironomid larvae (most often Procladius) and mollusks (pisidium, toothless). Mature bream feeds mainly in the deep parts of the lake, often entering the coastal zone.

Pike perch is found everywhere, but the fishing areas near Pelgostrov, Kolgostrov, Kanzanavolok, Kuganavolok, Zagorye are of the greatest importance. Bream spawns in the lake itself, although in significant quantities it also rises for breeding in the river. Ileksu, reaching about. Kalakunda. Spawning in June. Perch in the mass becomes sexually mature at the age of 8-10 years. In summer, zander 20-70 cm long, with an average size of 49 cm, is caught in nets and nets. The weight of a commercial pike perch is from 200 g to 5 kg, the average is 1.25 kg. The main food of an adult pike perch is smelt, vendace, less ruff, roach, perch.

Roach. Conditions in Vodlozero are favorable for breeding and fattening of cyprinids. Among them, roach occupies the first place in terms of numbers. The roach is especially abundant in the numerous bays of the lake. Spawns everywhere in small grassy areas. In spring, the roach moves to the rivers Okhtomka, Kelka, Ileksa. Spawning time for roach is the end of May - the beginning of June.
Roach is fattening up in coastal zone. Its juveniles (89–94 mm) feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (Bosmina coregoni coregoni). Coarse plant detritus predominates in the diet of roaches of older age groups. The second place is occupied by benthic forms: chironomids, heleids, caddisflies, etc.

Ruff is ubiquitous. Spawns on sandy and rocky soils. A lot of spawning ruff is caught in the area of ​​the villages of Pogi, Pelgostrov, Ragunova, Velik-ostrov, Bostilova. In summer, ruff is found throughout the lake. In autumn, large concentrations of it are common in the Valgostrov area (Kanzanavoloksky site) on vendace spawning grounds.
The average size of a ruff is 81 mm, weight is 8.5 g. The catches are dominated by a ruff of three to five years. Feeds mainly on larvae of chironomids, geleids, caddisflies and pisidium shells.

Perch is one of the many fish in Vodlozero. The largest concentrations in summer are observed in the area of ​​Kolgostrov, Ileksa, Pelgostrov.
In summer, a lot of small perch with an average weight of 8.5 g, with a length of 7 cm is caught in the net. Perch measuring 125–350 mm, the weight of such a perch is 50–750 g, is caught in the net. in nets - perch at the age of 8-10 years. Juvenile perch (up to 90 mm in size) is a competitor in the diet of vendace and smelt. Bosmin crustacean (Bosmina coregoni coregoni) is the main food of small perch. Perch 90-100 mm in size has a mixed diet - along with planktonic crustaceans, it eats chironomids, mayfly larvae, etc. Predatory food due to vendace, ruff, etc.

The vendace has a wide distribution. In the spring-summer period, its highest concentrations are observed in the southern part of the lake (Matkalahta, Kuziostrov, Bostilova, Vavdepolskaya Lakhta), as well as in the area of ​​​​Ragunov, Pelgostrov, Kanza-navolok, in areas with depths of up to 5-7 m. in the area of ​​​​Kuganavolok, Kolgostrov, Dech's luds, Mezhalda luds, near Pogost, Pelgostrov, Kingostrov.
It spawns in the southern part of the lake (Bostilova, Kuganavolok, Vysokiy, north-west of the island of Shendemy, Kevasalmi) and in the northern part near Kolgostrov, Koskosalma, Zagorye. Spawning time - the end of October - the first half of November. The vendace lays eggs on sandy, sandy-stony and stony soils with depths up to 3-4 m. Fertility is from 1104 to 3527 eggs, the average is 2020 eggs.
The average size of the commercial vendace is IZ—124 mm, weight is 15—18 g.
Conditions for growing vendace in Vodlozero are favorable: the main food component of vendace, the bosmin crustacean (Bosmina coregoni coregoni), is found everywhere. Of secondary importance in the diet of vendace (in June-July) are air insects, larvae of heleids, chironomids, bitotrefes, chydorus, cyclopids, etc.

Pike are common throughout the lake. Spawns on grassy spills. Numerous spawning approaches are observed in the area of ​​the river. Ileksy, in the Pogsky section. In winter, significant pike catches are in the areas of Pelgostrov, Kuganavoloka, Kolgostrov, where it is caught together with smelt and vendace. Spawning time is the first half of May. The average length of pike in summer catches is 58 cm, with fluctuations of 36-94 cm; average weight 1.9 kg, with fluctuations of 0.3-7.7 kg. Pike from 3 to 22 years old are found in commercial catches, fish at the age of six to seven years predominate. Burbot spawns in the lake itself and in the rivers Ileksa, Kelka, Okhtomka.

In autumn, a lot of burbot is caught in the area of ​​Kolgostrov, Kuganavolok, Pelgostrov.

The ide is distributed throughout the lake. In summer, during feeding, small and medium ide adhere to the coastal areas of the lake, while the large one lives in deeper areas. The movement of the ide to the spawning grounds begins in April, its most massive movement was noted in the river. Ileks. The ide rises for spawning also in Sombasozero and Leshozero. These areas are the main spawning grounds for ide.
Spawns in May - early June, in shallow coastal grassy areas, with depths of 1.5-2 m (Matkalahta, Vavdepolskaya Lakhta, Okhtomlakhta, Pelgostrov area, Leshozero, Sombasozero). The catches include ide 4–16 years old, fish aged 5–10 years predominate.
Feeds mainly in the littoral zone. It largely consumes aquatic vegetation, mayfly larvae, often, but in a small number of caddisfly larvae. Large ide also feeds on toothless (anodont).

Whitefish. There are two forms of whitefish in Vodlozero: lacustrine and lake-river. The latter prevails. Summer concentrations of whitefish are observed in the deeper middle part of the lake, in the area of ​​Pelgostrov. There is a lot of it in the area of ​​​​Matkalahta and Bostilova. The main spawning grounds for lake whitefish are located in the middle part of the lake west of Kanzanavolok, between Valgostrov and Kingostrov, near Gumarnavolok, in the southern part near Kuganavolok, in the northern part near Kolgostrov. The lake-river whitefish enters the rivers Ileksu, Kelka, Okhtomka. Ilek whitefish catches are up to 50% of the total annual catches throughout the lake. In r. Ilexe whitefish spawns in areas located 5 a from the mouth; in the confluence of the river. Puganda; at the threshold of Sigovets, located 20 km above the mouth. Along the river Kelke sig rises to Kenozero and above. Spawns in October on sandy-stony and stony soils. In early winter, spawning takes place under the ice. Whitefish approaches to the mouth of the river. Ilexes begin in late August - early September. Mass move in the middle - the end of September. The whitefish becomes sexually mature at the age of six.

How to get there, where it is located, the main attractions:
In late September - early October 2004, we made a long-planned trip to Vodlozero (Karelia).
In 1991, a national park was created here, located on a narrow plot of land elongated from north to south, the northern part of which is on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region, and the southern part (Vodlozero) is on the territory of Karelia. These two parts of the park are practically independent of each other and seem to be connected only by the old "Monastyrskaya" trail, several tens of kilometers long, from the village of Varishpelda to the lake. Monastyrsky, as well as by water along the Ileksa River.

Official website of the park: http://www.vodlozero.ru/
It seems that you can get to the northern part of the park (the main tourist sites are Nyukhchozero and Kalgachenskoye lakes) only on Kamaz trucks and all-terrain vehicles ordered from the park from the Kush or Unezhma railway stations.
The southern, Karelian part of the park is more accessible, although the road there is also not easy, “on the way”.

2. How to get there?
From Petrozavodsk we rode on a "comet" to the Shala (Glass) pier. In autumn, the comet travels once every two days, so you need to correctly guess the arrival. It leaves at 7 or 8 in the morning, but the Petersburg-Petrozavodsk train arrives even earlier, so there is enough time to get to the pier by trolleybus or minibus. Swim for an hour and a half, sometimes it shakes a lot, so I would recommend taking some pills in case of seasickness. The ticket is unexpectedly expensive - 250 rubles one way (I don’t remember the exact prices, but the order of the amounts here and further should be correct). They say that in the summer before the departure of the comet, tickets may not be available, so it is better to order them in advance by phone.
There is a bus from Shala to Pudozh, it usually arrives at the pier by the arrival of the comet, so when you go ashore, the bus will be waiting for you. To Pudozh - 40 minutes on quite a decent road. The ticket is inexpensive, 40 rubles. But then problems begin. The bus from Pudozh to Kuganavoloka runs only twice a week - on Friday and Sunday, there are no private traders and taxis, since the dirt road is so broken that the ride resembles a dangerous attraction. You have to either time your arrival to these two days, or hope for good friends in Pudozh (if any) who will not spare their car to give you a lift. We were lucky - in Pudozh there were friends of our friends who agreed. The car shook and tossed over bumps, sometimes it got stuck in impenetrable mud, almost drowned in puddles, but thanks to the skill or luck of our driver, we safely got to the place. In terms of distance - the same as from Pudozh to Shala, but in time - three times longer.
You can, of course, order a car from the park from Pudozh or even from Shala, but this will not be cheap.

3. Kuganavolok - the main "transit point" of the southern part of the park
The directorate of the park is located in Kuganavoloka. Upon arrival, I advise you to immediately contact there - the park workers will provide you with the necessary information and, if necessary, give you the key to the hotel (they have the key, since there are no permanent staff in the hotel).

Hotel in Kuganavoloka

The hotel is a small wooden house with three or four triple rooms with a kitchen. The kitchen has a stove, a supply of firewood and water, the necessary utensils, so you can cook yourself. Clean, comfortable, warm - in general, the conditions are quite comfortable. Save water - if the supply of water runs out, you will have to fetch water yourself, and oh, very far. A room in a hotel costs about 100 rubles. per day, I don’t remember exactly, per person or per room.
Kuganavolok - big village with a population of about 500 people. There are several shops where you can buy everything you need, including very tasty local Karelian liqueurs - "cranberry", "lingonberry", "cloudberry", etc.

Nice to walk around the village. The lake is everywhere, from all sides - the village is located on a cape indented with small bays. Golden autumn, the bitter smell of rotten leaves, a light drizzle (well, sometimes it ends and even the sun peeps out), silence, broken only by the splash of water and the ringing of bells on the necks of grazing horses ... And there are no mosquitoes at all! No, it's not so bad to travel in the shade!

But the most interesting is waiting for you in other places - in the abandoned villages of Kanzanavolok, Koskosalma, Varishpelda scattered along the shores of the lake, on M. Kolgostrov with a wonderful architectural monument of the 17th century. - Ilyinsky churchyard with a church, a bell tower and a chopped fence around the old cemetery, on the Novgud cordon, located on the banks of the Ileksa River, etc.

If you do not have your own boats to get around the lake, you will have to hire a boat from the park. We made a one-day excursion, including visits to Koskosalma, Kanzanavolok, Varishpelda and Ilyinsky churchyard, lasting 6 hours and costing 1200 rubles. It's a little pricey for one, of course, but for two or three - nothing. (More than four, including the captain, will not fit in a small high-speed Kazanka boat). I must say that we really liked the tour and we did not regret the money spent.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
NEWSPAPER "AiF-Karelia"
Resources surface water USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 2. Karelia and the North-West / ed. E. N. Tarakanova. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965. - 700 p.
Rest in Karelia. Recreation centers of Karelia. Active tourism and recreation Karelia | attractions of Karelia | National Park "Vodlozersky"
FISHINGINFO: lake, Republic of Karelia /
Vodlozero // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Loginov K. K. Historical information about the settlements of the Vodlozero region // Website of the Vodlozero National Park.
Lakes of Karelia / Alexandrov B. M., Zytsar N. A., Novikov P. I., Pokrovsky V. V., Pravdin I. F. - Petrozavodsk: State Publishing House of the Karelian ASSR, 1959. - P. 135-151. — 618 p. - 3000 copies.
Grigoriev S. V., Gritsevskaya G. L. Catalog of lakes in Karelia. - Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR [Leningr. Department], 1959. - 239 p.
site "Journey through Karelia"

05:30 am June 9, 2012. Convulsively finishing their coffee, all three crews are loaded into cars in different parts of the city. To meet at a gas station in Razmetelevo, near Vsevolozhsk. Kesha@Ko's crew arrives first, two more teams arrive almost immediately (Sergei + Olga Volodichi and Sergei + Irina Kazakov). We greet, yawn and start off in three cars. Ahead - six hundred kilometers of the way, the transit Vologda region, in the minds - plans and expectations. How many of these trips have already been, how many more there will be ... The purpose of this trip is the Vodlozero National Park in Karelia. In Podporozhye we have breakfast, in Vytegra we have an ice cream snack, in Pudozh we have lunch. Everything is delicious and cheap. Asphalt is replaced by a grader, a grader - again by asphalt. Jokes on the radio, fields and groves outside the window - Russia is rich in beauty. An ideal day - we are not late for anything, the mood of all six is ​​excellent.

We drive to Kuganavolok. We get acquainted and immediately fall unconditionally in love with the guide - Nikolai Mikhailovich Osipov, who ferries us to the island of Kazanavolok on a boat with two walkers, ready to become our home for the next two days.

The eyes do not know which way to look in order to see everything and not miss the slightest piece of this part of Karelia.





Islands overgrown with pines and, surprisingly, with larches (as it turned out, this is where the range of this tree ends), seagulls cooing over the lake, swallows building their nests under the roofs of chapels, locals, dissecting on motor boats and boats along the Vodlozero, like residents of megacities in cars. I want to spread my arms as wide as possible and hug it all at once, at the same time, and keep it inside me forever.



The house we live in is a real home. With a Russian stove, with short felt boots at the entrance (exit?), with earthenware and self-knitted rugs on the floor. And from the windows - dandelion fields and birches.






The first evening passes calmly and unhurriedly - to match the unhurried beauty around. We eat kebabs, drink beer, fish (fish is caught by the female part of the group represented by Olya and Ira). We go to bed early - an early morning rise, a long road and tomorrow's plans hint at the fact that we need to get enough sleep.


We wake up in the morning, have breakfast with porridge (unfortunately, not hearty Russian porridge, but just oatmeal from bags that does not require cooking, seasoned with chemical fruit flavors).
Nikolai Mikhailovich knocks on the door - he undertook to arrange water excursions around Vodlozero for us. We sit in a large motor boat, some even put on life jackets and set off towards a new day. The sun, the seething water astern and the mood - it couldn't be better. Nikolai Mikhailovich entertains with stories and stories from the life of the Vodlozero residents, shouting over the noise of the engine. We learn something interesting about every island, every village. And it is told in such a competent language, without the slightest touch of rustic simplicity, that you are amazed.
The first stop is at the Ilyinsky churchyard. Like many churches, churchyards and monasteries in Russia, the view of this place is by no means blooming, but, which cannot but rejoice, it is recovering. While Nikolai Mikhailovich Osipov was talking with the abbot, we went on an excursion to the main churchyard church.







The tour is conducted by a young blond monk, who is far from Nikolai Mikhailovich in eloquence and knowledge of history, but at the very least he answers our questions and tries to tell something about the churchyard. Too bad you can't ring the bell in the belfry. We go down. And by we're going on the trail to one very interesting birch.


Multi-stemmed birches are practically a visiting card of this part of Karelia. But such a birch, as they say, the world has not yet seen. It is called "The Birch of the Twelve Apostles". Because she has twelve trunks, neither more nor less. Fenced with a small fence, it flaunts in the middle of the forest. But we notice an interesting detail - near the ground, the saw cut of the thirteenth trunk is too clearly visible! Apparently, the monks cut down an extra trunk to give the biblical name to the tree - the thirteenth trunk was clearly superfluous.
Saying goodbye to the Ilyinsky churchyard, giving the hegumen some money to restore the temple, we sail (we go? we go?) further. And again - water, splashes in the face, the sun, islands with blackened houses from time to time - either residential, or abandoned and destroyed. And again - a story about each island and village. And the same goes for every house. We have never met a better guide.



We stop at Kolgostrov, in the village where our guide spent his childhood. Half a century ago there was a shop here, and residential buildings and children running around with sweets in their pockets, and now there are one and a half abandoned houses and huge fields of pansies and buttercups.




We have lunch at Gost Navolok, where the boys lay another hiding place, and the girls collect sorrel to add to make soup from concentrates a little bit like a normal soup. Unfortunately, the sorrel then has to be thrown away - as it turned out, the entire green cover of the island was recently treated with something that reduces the number of either mosquitoes or someone else. And sorrel can accidentally reduce our numbers as well. We eat soup, seasoned with stew and potatoes - for density.



We cross over to Koskasalma, where Nikolai Mikhailovich, who knows every inhabitant of Vodlozero, takes us to a house in which a tree turns into the only possible way movement - in boats, huge strong scows. We get acquainted with a six-year-old sociable boy Misha, we find a GAZ-69 standing on an eternal joke and an old wooden swing, surprising with its durability. We go into the chapel, the walls of which have preserved pencil inscriptions dating back to the sixties and saying that at that time some caretakers were sitting here - “Bran to the pig farm, 1968”.







The next stop is Varishpelda, where the very stern, albeit relatively young mother Natalya, the owner of painted eyelashes, first scolds us for entering the chapel without asking, and then talks to us about Nikon's times. Students of the Mukhinsky School practice in the village, here and there drawing views of the lake. Goats, sheep and horses grazed on the island. We take pictures of both.







After Varishpelda we return "home". A bath is promised (simple and not hot, but the main thing is to wash yourself?). But the bath is independently transferred to the next day. The boys are frying fish, making barbecue again. And all this - under a certain amount of tequila, which by the night (a real Karelian white night), plunges us into going for a walk to the lake, somersaulting in the sand, singing songs, swimming in its original form (the male part of the Keshi@Ko team went swimming ) and hunt a bear - a permanent resident of the island, which is often fed by Nikolai Mikhailovich. The bear, thank God, turned out to be smarter and did not go to communicate with us.

To be honest, I can hardly remember how the evening ended. It seems that after the tequila ended suddenly, they switched to whiskey. Judging by the foggy and blurry photographs, the evening was a success. In Russian, so to speak, they sat. We do not tend to, do not think! Simply - relaxed somehow suddenly for themselves.


Morning all in the same real Russian house began with hesitant climbing out of bed and drinking tea. Some chose not to get off their beds and lie down until dinner, pretending to sleep off the city's problems. But from time to time, caring Nikolai Mikhailovich, who looked at us, asked - what time would we be able to dive into the boat again and go along the further route - inspect the decrepit abandoned dam and catch fish. By dinner, all six members of the traveling team managed to recover.





And again - water, splashes, loudly talking boat motor, Osipov Nikolai Mikhailovich, baiting tales and reflecting on life.
Having examined the dam, we started today's main event - fishing. Klev was. The bite was as if Nikolai Mikhailovich asked the fish to sit on the hooks themselves as soon as they were below the surface of the water. Over our heads now and then flashed fishing lines with fluttering fish and small fish. The little ones were released, the big ones were kept. Nikolai Mikhailovich squinted and chuckled.
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And the evening - the last evening in this region of the most beautiful nature, where people are friends with bears and instead of cars ride boats - was spent eating fish soup, smoked fish and washing themselves in a bathhouse. And it was so good, quiet and calm, that I did not want the onset of tomorrow.

But tomorrow has come. And the weather turned bad - as if sad because of the inevitable parting. Wind, gray skies and strong waves. And we - we collect backpacks and wait - for whom? Again, Nikolai Mikhailovich, who is supposed to take us back to Kuganavolok, where our cars are parked in the courtyard of his house.


In order not to waste time (after all, it is 600 km to go to St. Petersburg), we decided that the girls would go by boat with Nikolai Mikhailovich, and the boys - by the second boat. Independently and in an adult way. In an adult way, it didn’t work out at all. And on their own - very briefly. We stood on the shore and watched how the boat with our husbands, which had taxied into free water, suddenly stood up, and the husbands began to do something and confer with something. Then the boat was carried to the shore and the stones, the Komi coast was generously decorated. The reason is simple, but unpleasant - the motor had a problem with the fuel supply, and besides, a fishing line was wound around the propeller. I remembered the lines about three wise men in one basin. Nikolai Mikhailovich was worried, talked to the boys on the radio, gave some advice and clearly regretted that he had decided to save time and let the city dwellers set off to meet the elements. As a result, they returned back again in two stages - first the boys, then the girls. With the helmsman Osipov.


And now - the cars are rolled out onto the road. And the way back. Sad. Because the past three days were so positive, bright, beautiful and calm for all of us that it was a pity to end them. Not a single moment of dissatisfaction with each other, the weather and other trifles. There was only positive and overwhelming desire to return here again. Which we will definitely do, honestly! And we advise you all to visit this corner of Russia, where time seems to have stopped.

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1 Lake Vodlozero (Pudozhsky district, Republic of Karelia). Fishing on Vodlozero. Map of Vodloze Lake Vodlozero is located in the southeastern part of Karelia. Refers to the river basin. Vodla, which flows into Lake Onega. Geographical coordinates of the center of the lake: 62 20 "N, 36 51" E. e. Since 1935, Vodlozero has been turned into a seasonal reservoir for rafting purposes by constructing dams at the headwaters of the Dry Vodla and Vama rivers. In spring, the water level in the lake rises by 2-3 m. interactive map(yandexmaps view=map id=18) Download map of Lake Vodlozero 1 / 12

2 Lake Vodlozero (Pudozhsky district, Republic of Karelia). Fishing on Vodlozero. Map of Vodloz PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS Water surface area 334 km2. The total area (with islands) is 368 km2. The greatest length is 36.2 km, the greatest width is 15.9 km. There are 196 large and small islands on the lake, the total area of ​​which is 34 km2. The coastline is highly meandering; its length along the mainland is 232 km, with islands 446 km. Altitude above sea level 136.1 m. 2 / 12

3 Vodlozero is an elongated reservoir, elongated in the direction from north to south. The lake has wide reaches, separated by groups of islands, numerous open or isolated bays, frequent underwater and surface shoals (luds) and stones. The coast is low for the most part rocky or rocky-sandy, covered with mixed forest. On many large islands there are villages, there are arable lands and meadows. The main tributaries of the lake are the Ileksa, Kelka and Okhtomka rivers; in addition, a number of small rivers flow into the lake. The catchment area of ​​Vodlozero is 4700 km2. The main tributaries, the Ileks and the Kelk, account for about 90% of the total catchment area. These rivers, especially the most major tributary R. Ileks, carry a large amount of organic matter and suspensions into the lake, which determines the best development of plankton in the northern region of the lake. The Dry Vodla and Vama rivers flow from the lake, which merge downstream and form the river. Vodla, which flows into Lake Onega. The rise in water level usually occurs from mid-April to June, during the summer months and September the water level gradually decreases. A slight rise in water is usually observed in October-November, followed by a slow decrease in the level during the winter. The amplitude of fluctuations in water levels between the highest in May and the lowest marks in March April in different years is cm. Vodlozero is a shallow reservoir with a maximum depth of 16.3 m and an average of 3.1 m. Depths up to 5 m account for about 81% of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe reservoir. The bottom relief is complex. The lake has a number of depressions with a relatively flat bottom; at the same time, sharp, differently oriented rises and falls of the bottom are frequent, forming islands of shallows and pits. According to the nature of the distribution of depths and the structure of the bottom topography, the lake is divided into three regions: northern, middle and southern. The northern region is shallow, in it the zone with depths up to 2 m occupies 38% of the area, the greatest depth does not exceed 5 m. There are many shoals in this area, some of them are exposed by autumn with a drop in the water level. The middle and southern regions are deeper: more than 50% of the lake area is occupied by a zone with depths over 5 m. Frequent islands and shoals. The site with the greatest depth of the lake (16.3 m) is located in the middle region. In the lake there are rocky, sandy, ore and silty soils, as well as transitional between them. The coastal strip is composed mainly of stony and sandy-stony soil. From a depth of 3 meters, silts occur, which are a homogeneous mass of gray-green color with an admixture of detritus. Sandy-ore soils are most pronounced in the middle region of the lake. 3/12

4 Water transparency in August is 1.5 2.4 m. The lowest transparency (1.5 2.0 m) is observed in the estuarine and coastal areas of the lake. The color of the water is dark yellow. Vodlozero is characterized by a significant warming of the entire water mass, which creates favorable conditions for the development of organisms. In July, surface water temperatures reach In August (1955), surface water temperatures were 18 20.4, bottom 16.8 18.2. The difference in temperatures at the surface and near the bottom in calm weather reached 3; after prolonged winds, uniform temperatures are established in the water column. Freeze up in the first half of November, ice breaking in May. In summer, there is a high content of oxygen dissolved in water 8 9 mg / l (84 98% saturation of the normal content) and a small amount of free carbon dioxide 0.5 2 mg / l. In some bays and the deepest parts of the lake with weak mixing of water in the bottom layers, the oxygen content decreases to 6.8-4.6 mg/l (68-45%) and an increase in free CO2 to 3.7-7.5 mg/l is observed. The active reaction of water is close to neutral: pH 6.81 7.42 in the surface layers of water and 6.41 6.99 in the bottom. The oxidizability of water (permanganate) is quite high 15.3-23.4 mgo2/l, more often mgo2/l. Compared to many other lakes in Karelia, Vodlozero is better supplied with biogenic elements. Phosphorus and iron were found in all areas of the lake in August during the mass bloom of water, nitrogen (NO3) was also present in some places. The amount of hydrocarbonate ion (HC(U3)) ranges from 12.1 to 17.1 mg/l. In general, in terms of its hydrological and hydrochemical conditions, Vodlozero is a reservoir that provides conditions for the good development of predominantly heat-loving fish species. HYDROBIOLOGY Higher aquatic vegetation consists mainly from reeds and amphibious buckwheat.In addition to them, there are pondweeds, horsetails, water lilies, egg capsules, 4 / 12

5 elodea, watercress, water moss, burr. The aquatic flora is generally poorly developed and is represented by separate thickets bordering the islands and in places along the lake shore, mainly in the southern and middle parts of the lake. The area occupied by higher aquatic vegetation is about 4 km "g. In the composition of the benthic fauna, a prominent place is occupied by insect larvae of chironomids, caddis flies, mayflies, beetle larvae, and others. Mollusks are widespread: limney, planorbis, valvata, pysidium, toothless. Crustaceans are represented by gammarus, the relict crustacean pallasea, demersal cladocera and copepods, as well as ostracods.Oligochaetes, nematodes, water mites, and leeches should be noted from other benthic groups. , mayflies and representatives of other groups of benthos.Gammarus and pallasea are also found here.In the silt zone, mainly chironomids and pisidium live, in addition, there are oligochaetes, water mites, ostracods, etc. Vodlozero belongs to the reservoirs of Karelia with increased productivity of benthos.The average value biomass is 26.1 kg/ha in summer with a population of 7.83 million eq. h/ha. About 65% of the biomass is accounted for by chironomids, 11% by pisi-diums, and about 20%. toothless, living mainly in the southern part of the lake. The highest biomass in the southern part of the lake is 46.2 kg/ha (the number is 10.98 million ind./ha), consisting mainly of chironomids and geleids (26.4 kg/ha), as well as Large toothless (13.9- kg/ha). Large forms (Chironomus f.l. semireductus, Chironomus, f. 1. plumosus) make up the bulk of the weight of chironomids. The biomass of bottom fauna in the northern part of the lake is 26 kg/ha (number 7.51 million ind./ha), in the middle part 18 kg/ha (number 6.74 million ind./ha). Some increase in benthos weight is observed in bays, bays and estuaries, as well as in open areas of the lake with large forms of chironomids. The surface layer of silt (0 2 cm) is inhabited in summer by small chironomids, oligochaetes, pisidium, ostracods (440 specimens/m"", 0.4 g/m). The underlying layers, populated mainly by chironomids, are somewhat poorer in the organisms of the upper layer. A significant increase in biomass is observed per cm from the surface of the silt, reaching 18.3 g/l2 due to the large forms of chironomids found here. Fish for food use a variety of forms of benthos, including toothless (in the diet of ide, bream). Important feeding places for benthic fish (ide, whitefish, silver bream, ruff, bream, partly perch) and juvenile fish are coastal areas of the lake and coastal slopes, where benthic fauna, along with high quality diversity, reaches significant development (up to 18 kg/ha) , as well as many places in the open parts of the lake. 5 / 12

6 According to the development of crustacean plankton, Vodlozero belongs to the average productive water bodies of the republic. On average, for the entire lake, the number of planktonic crustaceans is 24.0 thousand ind./m3, biomass is 0.88 g/l3. The leading position both in number and biomass is occupied by cladocera (50% in number and about 70% in biomass), followed by cyclopides (40% and 20%, respectively) and calanids (10% and 10%). Of the cladocera, diaphanosomes (about 12% of the total biomass), daphnia (Daphnia cristata and D. cucullata), accounting for about 20% of the total biomass, bosmins (Bosmina coregoni and Bosmina obtusirostrls) about 28%, and chidorus ( 9%). Almost everywhere in the lake there are large (from 3 to 8 mm long) crustaceans of leptodor (ind. / m3), bitotrefes (ind. / m "6) and holopedium (ind. / m%). In terms of the degree of development of crustacean plankton, certain areas of Vodlozero are unequal; the number of crustaceans in the lake increases in the direction from south to north. In the southern part of the lake, the number of crustaceans is on average 13 thousand ind. / m "a (about 0.3 g / m3), in the middle part 18 thousand ind. / m3 (approximately 0.65 g/l3) and in the northern region 38 thousand ind./m3 (1.4 g/l3). In Vodlozero, the crustacean plankton of open coastal shallow waters and shallow areas above the pools is very poor quantitatively (about 3.0 thousand ind./m3). Planktonic crustaceans are unevenly distributed in the water column. Under normal conditions, in the middle deep-water parts of the lake, their bulk is concentrated in the upper two-meter layer of water; deeper than 2 m, the number of crustaceans decreases by a factor of 3-8. Near the islands and underwater pools, depending on the direction and duration of the winds, surge concentrations of planktonic organisms are sometimes created in water layers deeper than 2 m. In these water layers, the number of crustaceans increases by 15–20% compared to the water horizon of 0–2 m. However, at shallow depths in Vodlozero, strong winds, causing complete mixing of the entire water column, often lead in some parts of the lake to equalize the distribution of crustaceans in abundance from the surface to the dregs. 6/12

7 The planktivorous fish of the Vodlozero (vendace, smelt, bluefish, juvenile perch and other fish) mainly feed on large bosmines, chidorus, to a lesser extent lepto-dora, bitotrefes, small bosmins, daphnia, limno-sida and holopedium. In the northern part of the lake, in the Varishpelda Bay and in the areas adjacent to it, the forage base is underused by plankton-eating fish. Fishing on Lake Vodlozero In Vodlozero there are 20 species of fish belonging to 9 families: salmon, vendace, whitefish, grayling, smelt, pike, roach, dace, ide, minnow, bleak, silver bream, bream, blue bream, mustachioed char, burbot, pike perch , perch, ruff, sculpin. Vendace, whitefish, smelt, pike, roach, ide, bream, burbot, pike perch, perch, and ruff are of commercial importance. Salmon and grayling are rare. The leading role in the fishery is played by smelt, bream, pike perch, perch. The snout is widespread. In autumn and winter, significant accumulations of it are observed in the area of ​​​​Kanzanavolok, Kolgostrov (Dechi Ludy, Derevyannaya Luda, Tonya Mezhalda), near Vygostrov, Pelgostrov. The Pelgostrov area is one of the main fishing areas, it provides up to 50% of the total annual catch of smelt. Especially significant are the accumulations of smelt in the pre-spawning period near the Ostrets Luds and Kingostrov. The smelt spawns in the bays of Shuilakhta, near Shuyostrov (along the east coast), in the southern part near Velikostrov, near the village of Matkalahty. Good spawning areas near Kevasalma, near Poga. Spawning time is the first half of May, spawning on rocky and pebbly-sandy soils. The average size of smelt is 7 8 cm, weight 2.5 3 g. Vodlozersky smelt is characterized by early precocity and short life

8 cycle. In the September catches of 1955, two-year-old specimens prevailed, amounting to 92%, and older fish accounted for 8% (2+.3+). At the age of 1+ years, the smelt reaches 71 mm and 2.1 g, in a three-year-old 77 mm and 2.8 g, and in a four-year-old 82 mm and 3.6 g (September 1955). The main food of the smelt (September 1955) is bosmins (57%), especially Bosmina coregoni coregoni (45.3%). Daphnia (12.3%), chidorus (18.8%), bitotrefes (8.8%) are of secondary importance. Competitors in the diet of smelt are vendace and small perch. The smelt may experience an acute shortage of food in spring and early summer; in the second half of summer, competition weakens due to the massive development of zooplankton. The bream has a wide distribution, and in Vodlozero lake and lake-river bream are distinguished. The northern part of the lake is the main distribution area for lake-river bream. Its main spawning grounds are located in the Ileksa and Kelka rivers. The lacustrine form of bream is characteristic of the southern part of the lake. The largest concentrations of bream in winter are observed in the northern part near Vaskostrov on slopes (blockages ") with depths up to 4 m, in the area of ​​​​Kolgostrov (Pogost), Pelgostrov, on the southwestern side of Torosostrov, near Vysokoye Island. The main feeding areas of bream in summer in the northern part they are confined to the mouths of the Ileksy and Kelka rivers.There is a lot of bream in the Zhebelnavolok area, here the bream feeds at depths of up to 4 m, in places with muddy ground.In the middle and southern parts of the lake, feeding bream is found everywhere.There is a lot of it in Okhtomlakhta and Leshozero. Bream spawns in the mouth areas of the Ileksa, rises along the Kelka River, spawns in Kelkozero.In the southern part of the lake, the spawning grounds of the bream were in Matkalahta, at present, the herd of this bream has been undermined by irrational fishing. spawning in Leshozero.The course of spawning bream in the river Ileksu begins in the first ten days of May.Spawning in 1955 took place in the second half of June (the spring of this year was cold). t of bream in some parts of the lake passes almost simultaneously, with a difference in terms of 2 3 days. Mass spawning at temperature Spawning of the Vodlozero bream is one-time. The bream becomes sexually mature at the age of 7-8 years, in mass at 9-10 years. 8 / 12

9 The bream feeds mainly on chironomid larvae (most often Procladius) and mollusks (pisidium, toothless). Mature bream feeds mainly in the deep parts of the lake, often entering the coastal zone. Pike perch is found everywhere, but the fishing areas near Pelgostrov, Kolgostrov, Kanzanavolok, Kuganavolok, Zagorye are of the greatest importance. Bream spawns in the lake itself, although in significant quantities it also rises for breeding in the river. Ileksu, reaching about. Kalakunda. Spawning in June. The pike-perch in mass becomes sexually mature at the age of 8-10 years. In the summer, zander is caught in nets and nets, a cm long, with an average size of 49 cm. The weight of commercial pike perch is from 200 g to 5 kg, the average is 1.25 kg. The main food of an adult pike perch is smelt, vendace, less ruff, roach, perch. Roach. Conditions in Vodlozero are favorable for breeding and fattening of cyprinids. Among them, roach occupies the first place in terms of numbers. The roach is especially abundant in the numerous bays of the lake. Spawns everywhere in small grassy areas. In spring, the roach moves to the rivers Okhtomka, Kelka, Ileksa. Spawning time for roach is the end of May beginning of June. Roach feeds in the coastal zone. Its juveniles (89 94 mm) feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (Bosmina coregoni coregoni). Coarse plant detritus predominates in the diet of roaches of older age groups. The second place is occupied by benthic forms: chironomids, heleids, caddisflies, etc. Ruff is ubiquitous. Spawns on sandy and rocky soils. A lot of spawning ruff is caught in the area of ​​the villages of Pogi, Pelgostrov, Ragunova, Velik-ostrov, Bostilova. In summer, ruff is found throughout the lake. In autumn, large concentrations of it are common in the Valgostrov area (Kanzanavoloksky site) on vendace spawning grounds. The average size of a ruff is 81 mm, weight is 8.5 g. The catches are dominated by a ruff of three to five years. Feeds mainly on larvae of chironomids, geleids, caddisflies and pisidium shells. 9/12

10 Perch is one of the many fish in Vodlozero. The largest concentrations in summer are observed in the area of ​​Kolgostrov, Ileksa, Pelgostrov. In the summer, a lot of small perch with an average weight of 8.5 g, with a length of 7 cm is caught in the net. Perch with a size of mm, the weight of such a perch is g. 10 years. Juvenile perch (up to 90 mm in size) is a competitor in the diet of vendace and smelt. Bosmin crustacean (Bosmina coregoni coregoni) is the main food of small perch. The perch, mm in size, has a mixed diet, along with planktonic crustaceans, eats chironomids, mayfly larvae, etc. Predatory food due to vendace, ruff, etc. Vendace has a wide distribution. In the spring-summer period, its highest concentrations are observed in the southern part of the lake (Matkalahta, Kuziostrov, Bostilova, Vavdepolskaya Lakhta), as well as in the area of ​​​​Ragunov, Pelgostrov, Kanza-navolok, in areas with depths up to 5-7 m. in the area of ​​Kuganavoloka, Kolgostrov, Dechiy Lud, Mezhalda Ludy, near Pogost, Pelgostrov, Kingostrov. It spawns in the southern part of the lake (Bostilova, Kuganavolok, Vysokiy, north-west of the island of Shendemy, Kevasalmi) and in the northern part near Kolgostrov, Koskosalma, Zagorye. Spawning time end of October first half of November. The vendace lays eggs on sandy, sandy-stony and stony soils with depths up to 3-4 m. Fertility is from 1104 to 3527 eggs, the average is 2020 eggs. The average size of commercial vendace is 124 mm, weight is g. The bulk of commercial catches are vendace aged 1+ and 2+ years. Conditions for growing vendace in Vodlozero are favorable: the main food component of vendace, the bosmin crustacean (Bosmina coregoni coregoni), is found everywhere. Of secondary importance in the diet of vendace (in June-July) are air insects, larvae of heleids, chironomids, bitotrefes, chidorus, cyclopids, etc. Pike is distributed throughout the lake. Spawns on grassy spills. Numerous spawning approaches are observed in the area of ​​the river. Ileksy, in Pogsky 10/12

11 area. In winter, significant pike catches are in the areas of Pelgostrov, Kuganavoloka, Kolgostrov, where it is caught together with smelt and vendace. Spawning time is the first half of May. The average length of pike in summer catches is 58 cm, with fluctuations in cm; average weight 1.9 kg, with fluctuations of 0.3 7.7 kg. Pike from 3 to 22 years old are found in commercial catches, fish at the age of six to seven years predominate. Burbot spawns in the lake itself and in the rivers Ileksa, Kelka, Okhtomka. In autumn, a lot of burbot is caught in the area of ​​Kolgostrov, Kuganavolok, Pelgostrov. The ide is distributed throughout the lake. In summer, during feeding, small and medium ide adhere to the coastal areas of the lake, while the large one lives in deeper areas. The movement of the ide to the spawning grounds begins in April, its most massive movement was noted in the river. Ileks. The ide rises for spawning also in Sombasozero and Leshozero. These areas are the main spawning grounds for ide. Spawns in May early June, in shallow coastal grassy areas, with depths of 1.5-2 m (Matkalahta, Vavdepolskaya Lakhta, Okhtomlakhta, Pelgostrov area, Leshozero, Sombasozero). In the catches, ide 4-16 years old is found, fish aged 5-10 years predominate. Feeds mainly in the littoral zone. It largely consumes aquatic vegetation, mayfly larvae, often, but in a small number of caddisfly larvae. Large ide also feeds on toothless (anodont). Whitefish. There are two forms of whitefish in Vodlozero: lacustrine and lake-river. The latter prevails. Summer concentrations of whitefish are observed in the deeper middle part of the lake, in the area of ​​Pelgostrov. There is a lot of it in the area of ​​​​Matkalahta and Bostilova. The main spawning grounds for lake whitefish are located in the middle part of the lake west of Kanzanavolok, between Valgostrov and Kingostrov, near Gumarnavolok, in the southern part near Kuganavolok, in the northern part near Kolgostrov. The lake-river whitefish enters the rivers Ileksu, Kelka, Okhtomka. Ilek whitefish catches are up to 50% of the total annual catches throughout the lake. In r. Ilexe whitefish spawns in areas located 5 a from the mouth; in the confluence of the river. Puganda; at the threshold of Sigovets, located 20 km above the mouth. Along the river Kelke sig rises to Kenozero and above. Spawns in October on sandy-stony and stony soils. In early winter, spawning takes place under the ice. Whitefish approaches to the mouth of the river. Ilex starts at the end of August beginning of September. 11 / 12

12 Mass move at half the end of September. The whitefish becomes sexually mature at the age of six. 12 / 12

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Length: 36.2 km

Federal District: NWFD

Region: Republic of Karelia

Pond type: lakes

Fish: minnow, silver bream, dace, ruff, bream, burbot, perch, roach, sculpin, blue bream, pike perch, bleak, grayling, pike, ide, whitefish

Types of fishing: float fishing, bottom fishing, spinning, fly fishing, live bait fishing, winter fishing, other types of fishing

Width: 15.9 km

Max Depth: 16.3 m

Square: 322 km²

GIMS: Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Karelia

Status: free

Vodlozero is a Russian lake (reservoir) in the Pudozh region of the Republic of Karelia.

The area of ​​the water mirror is 322 km². The lake is 36.2 km long and 15.9 km wide. The average depth is 2.8 m, the maximum depth is 16.3 m. The volume of enclosed water is 0.91 km³. Vodlozero is the 7th lake of the Republic of Karelia and the 39th lake of Russia in terms of water surface area.

Vodlozero is characterized by an elongated oval shape with capes protruding far into the reservoir. The lake is elongated from north to south, divided into three reaches: southern, central and northern. The deepest stretch is the central one, its maximum depth is about 20 m. The shores of the lake are low, rocky. Length coastline 232 km. The bottom relief is complex: along with flat areas, shallows and sharp depressions are noted. The features of the relief are due to the movement of the glacier in the past.

The lake usually freezes in November and opens up in late April - early May. In summer, due to shallow water, it warms up well. A coniferous forest grows along the shores of the lake, consisting of spruce, pine and larch.

There are 196 islands on the lake with a total area of ​​34 km². Most major islands: Kanzanavolok, Kolgostrov, Velikostrov, Pelgostrov, Shuyostrov, Okhtom, Ragunovo, Vygostrov, Mary, Kingostrov.

The Vama and Dry Vodla rivers flow from Vodlozero, the Ileksa and Kelka rivers flow into it.

The largest settlement is the village of Kuganovolok, located on a peninsula jutting out into the southern part of the lake.

In 1991, the Vodlozersky National Park was formed, on the territory of which the lake is located.

Fish

The lake is characterized by high fish productivity. The fish community is formed from 20 species belonging to 9 families. The most massive are vendace, whitefish, bream, pike perch, ide, perch, pike, roach, burbot, smelt, ruff and blue bream; less common are salmon, grayling, smelt, bleak, silver bream, dace, minnow, common sculpin. In commercial terms representatives of cyprinid, perch and smelt predominate.