How are volcanic lakes formed? Lake types. Sky Lake, North Korea, China
The most amazing volcanic lakes in the world are waiting for you. Such a lake can form in several different ways: first of all, it can be a simple crater filled with water. Another form of formation is when a volcano erupts, releasing a large number of magma. After that, a void is formed, falling under the weight of the earth and forming a crater, which is eventually filled with water. All of these lakes have an explosive past, a beautiful and majestic present, and a potentially destructive future. Each of volcanic lakes contains its own history.
Lake Ijen
Ijen Lake is a crater-type lake located in East Java, Indonesia. It is located in a group of stratovolcanoes, in the Ijen volcano. acid lake 1 km wide, with beautiful turquoise water. It is a well-known sulfur mining hotspot, as there are active geysers on one side of the lake that are constantly bringing sulfur to the surface. There it is broken into pieces and carried out of the crater in baskets. Molten, hot-red sulfur passes through the channels, depositing on the bottom, where it cools to a bright yellow color.
Coatepeque caldera lake 
Coatepeque Caldera is a volcanic caldera in El Salvador. It was formed after a series of huge eruptions 72,000 and 54,000 years ago. After these two great volcanic eras, cones formed and volcanic domes, and large areas from lava flows along western edge calderas. On the east side of the caldera is a volcanic lake called Coatepeque. This lake covers an area of 26 km. sq., which makes it one of the most big lakes in El Salvador. Many hot springs constantly fill Coatepeque with water. Notable is the island called Teopan, which was sacred place for the Maya Indians.
Lake Towada on the island of Honshu 
Lake Towada is the largest volcanic lake in Japan and the 12th largest in Japan. It is located in the caldera of an active volcano with the last major eruption dating back approximately 13,000 years ago. Towada is actually located in a double caldera, since not big eruption destroyed another caldera under the lake about 5,400 years ago. The moments of volcanic eruptions are well recorded in history, and the last famous eruption was about 1000 years ago. Devastating ash and pyroclastic flows destroyed crops and even caused temperatures to drop, followed by a cold winter and severe famine.
Lake Katmai Volcano 
Katmai Volcano is a complex of stratovolcanoes found on the Alaskan Peninsula in southern Alaska. In the center is a filled lake caldera, approximately 4 km in diameter. The caldera was formed by the eruption of Novarupta in 1912, its rim now reaches a maximum of 2,047 meters. Virtually nothing was known about the volcano before the huge eruptions in 1912, due to the uninhabitable location, but some records have been left by neighboring villages since the 1800s that the Katmai volcano in the area is often active.
Lake Laach in Germany 
Lake Laach, also known as the Laacher See, is located in the Rhineland Caldera, Germany. It is approximately 9 km in diameter, near the cities of Koblenz (24 km), Bonn (37 km), Andernach (8 km) and Mayen (11 km), at a distance of 8 km from the river Rhine. The caldera was formed after the massive eruption of the Laacher See volcano, which occurred approximately 12,900 years ago. Approximately 6 cubic kilometers of magma was erupted, almost 16 cubic kilometers. ash is released into the atmosphere. This eruption caused a global cooling and the ash can be found all over Europe, with many unique minerals found in the area.
Lake Taupo in New Zealand 
Lake Taupo is located on the North Island and is the most big lake in New Zealand. The surface area is approximately equal to 616 km2. Taupo is believed to have formed around 26,500 years ago. The largest known eruption occurred 69,000 years ago, and scored 8 on the VEI scale (Volcanic Eruption Scale). Approximately 1170 km3 of magma and ash were ejected into the atmosphere, and a large caldera and lake formed. Taupo is believed to have erupted approximately 27 times since then, and the last major eruption can be dated to 180 AD, when 30 km3 of ash and lava was ejected from the volcano in 5 minutes. The ash column from the eruption was twice as high as that from the eruption of Mount St. Helena, chronological records from China and Rome claimed that the sky turned red. This volcano is currently considered dormant, but it is likely that it will wake up from its long dormancy in a few hundred years.
Lake Toba 
Lake Toba - huge lake in a caldera on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. Over 100 km long and 30 km wide, Toba is the largest in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world. It formed +/-70,000 years ago when a massive super volcano erupted in the largest volcanic explosion in at least 25 million years. The eruption, believed to have had a VEI of 8, caused a global winter in which most of the people living at the time died.
Lake Crater 
Crater Lake - beautiful lake calderas in South Central Oregon, USA. It has stunning dark blue water, perfectly clear. Crater is the main attraction in the National Park of the same name. The lake is one of the clearest bodies of water in the States with a depth of clarity of 43.3 meters. It was formed approximately 7,700 years ago when Mount Mazamu's volcano collapsed into the caldera below it. It is believed that the Klamath Indian tribe saw the fall of Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake. Their legends and stories speak of a great battle between the sky god Skell and Llao, the god of the underworld. The mountain was destroyed during the battle, and was created amazing beauty lake. The Klamath people used the lake to search for visions, and it still plays an important role in the spiritual life of the tribe. Crater is also famous for the "old man" - once a big tree, now a stump that has been growing right in the middle of the lake for over a century. It is well preserved due to the cold temperature of the water.
Heavenly Lake in China 
The Lake of Heaven is located on the border between China and North Korea. It is located in a caldera and covers approximately 9.82 km. sq. This is a stunningly beautiful lake that is usually covered in ice from October to June. This is also a home legendary monster, called the Tianchi Lake Monster. In 1903 he was noticed for the first time. The creature looked like a buffalo and attacked 3 people, then retreated back into the water after receiving 6 bullets before that. In 1962, a telescope viewer reported seeing two creatures chasing each other in the water, and hundreds of people confirmed the sighting the same day. The description of the monster has changed over the years, now it was a creature with a 1.5 meter neck, with a white ring around the base of its neck, and gray skin. In 2007, a reporter named Zhuo Yongsheng said he filmed 20 minutes of video showing six unidentified creatures swimming in the lake. He showed fragments of the film, in which six unidentified creatures swam and interacted with each other. He said that they swam around for almost 1 hour before disappearing underwater.
Lake Nyos in Cameroon 
Lake Nyos, 2 km long, is located in the North-Western part of Cameroon. Beneath it is a chamber of magma, from which carbon dioxide constantly seeps out, turning water into carbonic acid. More than a thousand years of penetration carbon dioxide, seeping into the lake, made it supersaturated, which had some devastating effects on August 2, 1986. A shift in the underground plate caused the lake to release 1.6 million tons of carbon dioxide, which escaped at a speed of 100 km. The cloud suffocated over 1,700 people and 3,500 livestock within a 25 km radius. This is the first known mass asphyxiation due to natural phenomenon, after which the Guinness Book of Records named Nyos the most dangerous lake in the world. Scientists are still working on cleaning up the lake to make it safer.
lava lakes 
Even though they are not lakes in the general sense, they have a volcanic source, and are very interesting, so we will also add them to the selection. A lava lake is a rare occurrence that can occur in three ways. Either the new channel erupts enough lava to partially fill the crater, or lava flows enter the crater, or the new channel erupts over several weeks, creating a crater around itself. The result is a lake of liquid lava. There are currently only 5 lava lakes on earth: Erta Ale (pictured), Ethiopia; Mount Erebus, Antarctica; Kilauea, Hawaii; Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Marum in Vanuatu.
Pool with Champagne 
Again, this is not quite a lake, but still a stunning aftermath of a volcanic eruption. The Champagne Pool is an outstanding geothermal phenomenon in Wai-O-Tapu, a geothermal area in the Bay of Plenty, near north island New Zealand. Hot spring located approximately 30 km southeast of Rotorua and 50 km northeast of Taupo. This name is derived from great content carbon dioxide (CO2), which makes it look like a pool of bubbling champagne. The hot spring was formed 900 years ago by a hydrothermal eruption, making it a relatively young system geologically. Its crater is approximately 65 meters in diameter, with a maximum depth of approximately 62 m. The Champagne Basin is filled with an estimated volume of 50,000 m3 of geothermal fluid. The orange tint around the edges is due to arsenic deposits.
To the question What types of lake basins are there in Russia? Is there a pattern in their placement? given by the author Vova Kuznetsov the best answer is LAKE BEANS are depressions in the earth's crust with water bodies enclosed in them. Lake basins have a bottom (bed), slopes of an underwater bowl (bath) to the level of the highest rise in water, a coastal strip and slopes.
Lake basins arise as a result of various relief-forming processes and are divided by origin into tectonic, glacial (erosive and accumulative), river, coastal, sinkhole (subsidence-karst, thermokarst), eolian, volcanic (crater and lava-supporting), dam-dammed.
Often several factors (eg tectonics and glaciers) are involved in the formation of a basin. The shape and size of the lake basins change significantly over time as a result of the accumulation of bottom sediments and the reshaping of the shores.
According to the method of formation, more than 70 types of lake basins are distinguished. Most often on Earth there are lakes of tectonic, glacial-accumulative, erosion-accumulative, permafrost, karst, eolian origin; much less often you can find volcanic lakes and very rarely - meteorite lakes.
Examples of lakes in Russia of various origins of lake basins
Tectonic: Baikal
Residual (they are the remains of ancient oceans and seas, arose in connection with tectonic processes): Caspian
Zavalno-dammed: Teletskoye (Altyn-Kel), Cheybekkel Gorny Altai
Glacial-tectonic: Ladoga, Onega, Imandra
Glacial (moraine): Chudskoye, Ilmen, Seliger
Volcanic: Kronotskoye, Kurilskoye in Kamchatka
Eolian: lake Borovskoye, Nizhny Novgorod region. Balakhna district.
Karst: Asly-Kul, Kandry-Kul, Blue in Bashkiria. Blue, Samara region Sergievsky district, with. Sergievsk
Thermokarst (most of all lakes): Nedlsel in Yakutia
Meteoritic: Smerdyachee, Lemeshenskoye, Moscow region. Shatursky district
Artificial: Bratsk reservoir on the Angara River, other artificial reservoirs
Old (floodplain) are abundant on the Ob, Volga-Akhtuba and floodplains of other rivers.
See Types of lake basins (with pictures)
For school, see table Types of lake basins
Source Summary of the lesson of the teacher of geography of the highest category of MOU secondary school No. 13 of Novocheboksarsk F. V. Ivashkova 
In our country, lakes are distributed very unevenly. The lake content of Russia is 2.1%.
The most lacustrine are Karelia (lakes occupy 12% of the territory), north Western Siberia, Yano-Indigirskaya lowland
The high lake content of Karelia is explained by the “fresh” glacial relief and excessive moisture in the territory.
From 5 to 10% of the territory is occupied by lakes in the tundra and forest-tundra in the north of Western Siberia and in the Yano-Indigirskaya and Kolyma lowlands, where excessive moisture is observed. On the low coasts of the Arctic seas, lakes can occupy up to half of the land surface. Sometimes it is even difficult to determine what is more here - land or water. The reason for the large number of lakes in these areas is permafrost, for which thermokarst lakes are very characteristic.
There are many lakes in the northwestern regions of Russia, in Central Yakutia, in the Surgut lowland and, paradoxically, in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia
It is clear that volcanic lakes are located in the zone of volcanic activity, these are Kamchatka, the Kuriles.
Karst lakes are located in the zone of karst phenomena, these are the Urals, the Urals, Bashkiria, Tataria, the Middle Volga
Source: link
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The above classification of lake basins is too schematic. According to the genesis, the basins of the Caspian and Aral lakes, as well as Baikal, can be tectonic: Baikal has graben-like tects. depression, and near the Caspian - subsidence of the syneclise type, extensive deflections. Thermokarst and simply karst are different in genesis, although the name is similar. The first - as a result of thawing ice and filling depressions with water, the second - as failures of karst cavities or cave ceilings. There are also karst-suffusion depressions or sinkholes. This is when thick layers of sandy-argillaceous rocks lie in the roof above the karst sinkhole, they are gradually sucked in surface waters inside karst caves, forming deep lakes in the sands of the Volga terraces (example: lakes of Order and Mari El). With such amendments, your classification becomes genetic in nature. It is impossible to bring basins of different genesis into one type, as you brought karst and thermokarst.
Crater lakes are located in craters. Craters, in turn, can appear in places where large meteorites fall, in places of excavation and mining, or on the tops of volcanoes.
The water in these lakes is most often characterized by a high acid content, but there are exceptions. Some crater lakes boast clean fresh water.
Volcanic crater lakes are unique and attractive due to the bright hue of the waters and inimitable shapes.
After a crater forms, rainwater, a melting glacier, or groundwater fills the depression.
Many crater lakes form in the most hard-to-reach places, and in the absence of inflow or outflow of water, they contain the purest water.
Here are some of the most beautiful volcanic and crater lakes in the world that are known for their uniqueness.
Quilotoa
Located in the Ecuadorian Andes, the lake is located at an altitude of almost four kilometers. It appeared about forty thousand years ago. Today, this lake is an increasingly popular tourist attraction in Ecuador. No wonder, after all great view and emerald green waters can conquer any tourist.
Pinatubo
This Philippine lake appeared in a crater, on top of the Pinatubo volcano. Volcano erupted in last time in June 1991, and as a result of the eruption, a deep crater lake. Pinatubo is the youngest lake in the Philippines. The water in it changes color from blue and greenish to brown.
Previously, it was possible to get to the lake only on foot and by car, but today tourist routes to the shores of this bright lake have begun to include air transport.
Okama
On the border of two Japanese prefectures - Yamagata and Miyagi - there is a crater lake Okama, also known as the lake of five colors. The waters of this reservoir change color depending on weather conditions and direction of sunlight. The lake is almost three hundred years old, and it has long attracted tourists with its beauty. Not far from the banks of Okama there is a temple and a restaurant. Unlike tourists, animals and birds do not rush to the shores of the lake, because the water in it is very acidic.
Inferno
This aptly named lake lies in the Waimangu Rift Valley, on New Zealand's North Island. This small and relatively young lake (130 years old) is distinguished by the azure color of the waters and their high temperature, due to the geothermal activity of the region. This lake is sometimes called the largest geyser in the world.
Katmai
Located in the national park of the same name in southern Alaska, this century-old lake is characterized by dark green waters and a height of two thousand meters above sea level. This lake has filled the caldera of a dangerous stratovolcano, which at any moment can release a stream of poisonous gases, so it is better not to plan a trip to the shores of the lake. Instead, his amazing view can be enjoyed during an airplane tour.
cheongji
This lake has several names, as it is located on the border of China and North Korea, on the top of Mount Paektusan (2100 meters above sea level). In the Guinness Book of Records, "sky lake" is listed as the highest crater lake in the world.
It is more than a thousand years old, and for almost nine months of the year it is covered with a thick layer of ice. In North Korea, this magnificent lake is surrounded by many stories and legends.
Toba
On the Indonesian island of Sumatra, this huge volcanic lake is located, which is already 77 thousand years old. Toba is the best big lake in Indonesia, and the size of the caldera ancient volcano, in which this turquoise reservoir was formed, provides him with the title of one of the largest crater lakes in the world.
Despite the unique status of a natural and cultural attraction, the lake is threatened by pollution due to active economic activity on its banks.
Colored lakes of Kelimutu
On the Indonesian island of Flores is the Kelimutu volcano, which has three craters filled with water of different colors. Not only do the three lakes differ from each other in color due to different minerals dissolved in the waters, but the color of the water of each of the lakes varies depending on weather conditions from blood red and black to azure and turquoise. The lakes are a unique sight, therefore they are very popular with tourists.
Bajada Del Diablo
This shallow lake, formed from the impact of several meteorites, is not a popular destination for tourists, but not because tourists would not like to explore this unique area. The thing is that only scientists are allowed to the shores of the lake, since the entire region has so far been little studied and is of great interest to several areas of science.
Albertine Rift Valley
This fault is located on the territory of several African States and was formed by a combination of tectonic and volcanic activity. In the territory rift valley there are several crater lakes, natural value which are very high.
A crater lake is a lake that is formed in the crater of a volcano or in a caldera (a depression formed due to the collapse of the top of a volcano), or in the so-called impact crater, which is formed on the surface of the Earth as a result of a meteorite fall, or an artificial explosion provoked by a person.
Sometimes lakes that form within a caldera are called caldera lakes. Crater lakes are sometimes referred to as volcanic lakes, and their water composition is often highly acidic, saturated with volcanic gases, and there is also a sediment of an intense greenish color. Lakes located in dormant or extinct volcanoes, as a rule, are distinguished by fresh water, and the transparency of the water in such lakes can be absolutely exceptional due to the lack of input flow and sediment.
Today we bring to your attention a selection of photographs of the most beautiful crater lakes in the world. The realization that these lakes appeared due to the activity of the volcano, only adds to their mystery. Enjoy!
1. Crater Lake Crater, Mount Mazama volcano - Oregon, USA.
Crater Lake is the main attraction of the Crater Lake National Park, which is located in Oregon, USA. It is known for its amazingly intense blue color and clear water. Crater Lake is located in a caldera that is 1,220 meters deep. This caldera was formed after the destruction of Mount Mazama volcano. Crater Lake is the most deep lake in the territory of the United States of America, its depth is 594 meters (1949 feet). Crater Lake is fed solely by precipitation, with no inflows or outflows. Consequently, Crater is one of the brightest lakes in the world. Crater Lake is also known for its huge log called the Lake Old Man. It has been floating in the lake in an upright position for more than a hundred years. Due to the low temperature of the water in the lake, the log is quite well preserved.
2. Crater Lake Quilotoa - Ecuador.
Quilotoa Crater Lake is a water-filled caldera and westernmost volcano located in the Ecuadorian Andes. The caldera, about three kilometers (2 miles) wide, was formed by a volcanic explosion that occurred about 800 years ago. the explosion followed a massive eruption that triggered pyroclastic and debris flows that reached Pacific Ocean. In addition, volcanic ash covered northern Andes. The caldera has since become a lake 250 meters (820 feet) deep, the water of which has a greenish color as a result of the dissolution of the minerals it contains. The lake is cold, but warm springs and microgeysers beat in places along the shore due to the location of fumaroles there - cracks in the crater, which are sources of hot gases. Most of the fumaroles are located on the eastern slope of the volcano.
3. Crater lakes Albertina Rift - Africa.
In a region with a very high population density, however, there are areas where flora and fauna remain almost pristine. These include Queen Elizabeth Park, dotted with crater lakes formed as a result of volcanic explosions. If in the 1920-1960s a number of laws had not been adopted declaring that this territory is under state protection and is a reserve, environmentalists state, today one of the most unusual monuments Wildlife - Western Rift.
The Western Rift, also called the Albertine Rift, is a rift (formed by large linear depressions in the earth's crust) valley, framed by a number of the most high mountains in Africa, including the Virunga Mountains, the Mitumba Mountains and the Rwenzori Range. It is here that a number of lakes of the Rift Valley are located - lakes that include several of the most deep lakes in the world (Lake Tanganyika, which reaches a depth of up to 1,470 meters (4,800 feet). Most of this area lies within national parks, such as national park Virunga in Democratic Republic Congo, Rwenzori National Park and Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda, and Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Lake Victoria is considered part of the Rift Valley system, although it actually lies between two parts of it. All of the African Great Lakes were formed as a result of the appearance of rifts, and most of these lakes are located within the rift valley.
4. Kelimutu Crater Lake - - Flores Island, Indonesia.
Kelimutu Volcano is a place where there are as many as three crater lakes of different colors. The water in Tiwu AtaMbupu (Lake of the Elderly) usually has a blue tint. This lake is the westernmost of the three lakes. Two other lakes, Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Boys and Maidens) and Tiwu Ata Polo (Witch or Magic Lake) are separated by a crater wall and the water in them is usually green and red, respectively. The Kelimutu volcano is of interest to geologists because three lakes of different colors are located on top of the same volcano.
5. Crater Lake, Mount Pinatubo - Luzon, Philippines.
Lake Pinatubo is located in the summit crater of Mount Pinatubo, formed after its climatic eruption on June 15, 1991. The lake is located near the borders of the provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales in the Philippines. It is the deepest lake in the country, at 800 meters (2,600 ft) deep. Lake Pinatubo is located about 90 kilometers (56 miles) northwest of the capital Manila.
6. Okkama Crater Lake (“Lake of Five Flowers”), Mount Zao – Honshu, Japan.
Mount Zao is a volcano located on the border between Yamagata and Miyagi prefectures in Japan. This volcano is complex - it consists of a cluster of stratovolcanoes. It is the most active volcano in northern Honshu. As a result of a volcanic eruption in the mid-1720s, Ockamah Lake, also known as the "Lake of Five Flowers", was formed. It is so called because the water in the lake changes color depending on the weather. The lake is 360 meters (1200 feet) in diameter and reaches a depth of 60 meters (200 feet). Five Color Lake is one of the main tourist attractions in the area.
7. Crater Lake, Mount Katmai - Alaska, USA.
Mount Katmai is a large stratovolcano (composite volcano) located on the Alaska Peninsula, within the Katmai National Park and Preserve. Its diameter is about 6.3 miles (10 kilometers). The central caldera of Katmai Volcano is a lake measuring approximately 3 x 2 miles (4.5 x 3 kilometers). The caldera was formed during the eruption of the Novarupta volcano in 1912. Max Height calderas - 6716 feet (2047 meters). In 1975, the water surface of the crater lake was located at an altitude of about 4220 feet (1286 meters), and the estimated height at which the caldera floor was located was about 3400 feet (1040 meters). Mount Katmai is located in the area of Kodiak Island.
8. Crater Lake on Taal Volcano - Luzon, Philippines.
Taal Volcano is complex volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The lake partially fills the Taal Volcano caldera, which was formed by powerful prehistoric eruptions that occurred between 140,000 and 5380 BC. The view of Taal Lake, which opens from the Tagaytay Range, is one of the most picturesque and attractive sights in the Philippines. Taal Volcano is located about 50 kilometers (31 miles) south of the country's capital, Manila.
A large rock, called Volcano Point, rises above the lake. This is a fragment of the old bottom of the crater. It is now surrounded by a lake up to two kilometers (1.2 miles) wide, now known as Main Crater Lake.
9. Crater Lake Deriba, Jebel Marra - Darfur, Sudan.
The crater of the dormant volcano Deriba is located at the highest point of Jebel Marra, at an altitude of 3042 meters (9980 feet), in Darfur, in the west of Sudan. The Deriba volcano caldera has become the most high point in Sudan after the independence of South Sudan. Its diameter is from five to eight kilometers. The inner crater fills the crater lake. The Deriba caldera was created by the eruption of the Jebel Marra volcano approximately 3,500 years ago. The volcano is now thought to be dormant, not extinct, as hot springs and fumaroles (gas and steam vents) are still present on its flanks.
10. Crater Lake, Mount Ruapehu - New Zealand.
Ruapehu is an active stratovolcano located in the southern part of the Taupo Volcanic Zone in New Zealand. It is located approximately 23 kilometers northeast of Ohakune and 40 kilometers southwest of south coast Lake Taupo, on the territory national park Tongariro. There is a glacier on its slopes.
Ruapehu is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and the largest active volcano within New Zealand. It is the highest point of the North Island and includes three main peaks: Tahurangi (altitude 2797 meters), Te Heuheu (altitude 2755 meters) and Paretetaitonga (altitude 2751 meters). A deep active crater lies between the peaks and fills with a crater lake between major eruptions.
11. Yak Lum Crater Lake - Ratanakiri, Cambodia.
The crater lake Yak Lum is popular with tourists in the province of Ratanakiri in northeastern Cambodia. Located about 3 miles (5 kilometers) from the provincial capital, Banlung, this amazingly beautiful lake is nestled in a 4,000-year-old volcanic crater. Due to the huge depth of the lake (157 feet or 48 meters), the water in it is exceptionally clean and transparent. Lake Yak Lum is almost perfectly round and measures 0.45 miles (0.72 kilometers) in diameter. Tall trees and rich, lush rainforests, surrounding the lake, have become home to exotic birds, including various kinds parrots.
12. Crater Lake Kerid, Iceland.
Kerid is a volcanic lake located in the Grímsnes region in southern Iceland, on the popular tourist route, known as the Golden Circle, or the Golden Circle. It is one of several crater lakes in the area known as the Western Volcanic Zone of Iceland, which includes the Reykjanes peninsula and the Langjökull glacier.
Kerid Caldera, like other volcanoes in the area, is composed of red (rather than black) volcanic rock. The caldera is about 55 meters (180 feet) deep and about 170 meters (560 feet) wide and 270 meters (890 feet) across. Kerid Caldera is one of the three most recognizable volcanic craters. Its age is approximately 3000 years. The surrounding landscape is almost twice as old. The steep slopes of the crater are covered with stunted vegetation, but one of the slopes is more gentle and covered with moss, it is quite easy to climb it. The lake itself is quite shallow (7-14 meters, depending on rainfall and other factors), but due to the minerals that enter the water from the soil, the water in it is opaque and strikingly bright, an amazing aquamarine hue.
13. Crater Lake Licancabur - Chile.
Licancabur is an amazingly symmetrical stratovolcano located in the southernmost part of the border between Chile and Bolivia. It is located southwest of Laguna Verde in Bolivia. The volcano rises above the Salar de Atacama region. The lower two-thirds of the northeast slope of the volcano belong to Bolivia, this is an area from 5400 meters (17717 feet) to 4360 meters (14304 feet) from the foot, and the rest (and most), including the third of the northeast slope and the crater, belong to Chile.
Licancabur Volcano Crater lies entirely within Chile, just over 1 kilometer (3,281 ft) southwest of Chile. international border, it reaches about 400 meters (1312 feet) wide. It contains a crater lake measuring 70 meters (230 feet) by 90 meters (295 feet). Licancabur crater lake covered in ice most of the year. This is one of the highest mountain lakes in the world, and despite the air temperature, which can reach -30 ° C, planktonic animals live in the lake.
14. Geothermal crater lake Viti - Askja, Iceland.
Askja is an active stratovolcano located in a remote part of the central highlands of Iceland. The name Askja refers to a complex of calde, located in the mountains of the Dyngjufjoll mountains, whose height is up to 1510 meters (4954 feet), the word askja itself means "caldera" in Icelandic. The region is only accessible to tourists during a few months of the year. Located to the northeast of the Vatnaekul ice sheet, this area receives only about 450 mm of precipitation per year. This area was used in the process of training astronauts for flights to the moon under the Apollo program.
The large Escuvan Lake was formed by the 1875 eruption. Its area is 12 km². When the lake first formed, it was warm, but today it remains covered with ice for most of the year. Escuvan is the second deepest lake in Iceland, over 220 meters deep.
The geothermal lake is located on the northern shore of Escuvan. This lake is about 150 meters in diameter. Its depth reaches 7 meters. The water in this lake is rich in minerals. the water in it is opaque and intense blue in color, it comes from strong smell sulfur.
15. Heavenly Lake, Mount Baekdu - China, North Korea.
Sky Lake is a crater lake located on the border between China and North Korea. It is located in the caldera located at the top volcanic mountain Baekdu, which is part of mountain range Changbaishan. The mountain is located partly in Ryangan Province, North Korea at 42.006°N. 128.057°E, and partly in Jilin Province, Northeast China.
The caldera in which Heavenly Lake is located was formed as a result of major eruption in 969 (± 20 years). The lake has an altitude of 2,189.1 meters (7182 feet). The lake covers an area of 9.82 km² (3.79 sq mi), from south to north it is 4.85 km (3.01 mi) long and from east to west it is 3.35 kilometers (2.08 mi) ). Average depth the lake is 213 meters (699 ft) and maximum depth 384 meters (1260 ft). From mid-October to mid-June, the lake is usually covered in ice.
