A new generation hydrofoil comet. New "Comet": the revival of the Soviet hydrofoil ship
Central Design department for hydrofoils named after R. E. Alekseev - the leading Soviet and Russian enterprise in the field of designing ekranoplans, hydrofoils (SPK), air cavity ships (SVK), ships on air cushion(SVP), boats. Founded April 17, 1951.
Rocket
"Rocket" is the first Soviet passenger hydrofoil ship. Designed and launched in 1957 at the shipyard of the Krasnoye Sormovo plant (Nizhny Novgorod). Production continued until the mid-1970s. This vessel was awarded the Gold Medal at the Brussels Exhibition.
Length: 27 m
Width: 5 m
Height (wing): 4.5 m
Draft (full): 1.8 m
Working speed: 35 oz., 60 km/h
Power plant: 1000 hp. diesel M50
Propeller: screw
Crew / attendants: 3
Passengers: 64
Comet
Comet - a series of sea (the first in this class) passenger hydrofoil ships.
Designed in 1961.
Serially produced in 1964-1981 at the Feodosia shipbuilding plant "More" (a total of 86 Komets were built, including 34 for export) and in 1962-1992 at the Poti shipyard (project 342 ME, 39 ships).
High-speed diesel engines for the ship were supplied by the Leningrad plant "Zvezda"
Gas turbine "Petrel".
Gas turbine hod Burevestnik - the fastest type river transport. Has two engines
from IL-18. In 1964-1979 he worked on the Kuibyshev-Ulyanovsk-Kazan-Gorky route.
Meteor
Unlike the aircraft engines of the Burevestnik, the Meteors flew with diesel engines that drove propellers typical of ships.
Gull
It was created in a single copy and took on board 70 passengers, but it developed a speed of up to 100 km / h! On the water!
Typhoon
Martin
Polissya
Polesye is a type of hydrofoil passenger vessel.
Vessels are designed for high-speed passenger traffic during daylight hours with a flight duration of up to 8 hours, including for shallow water bodies.
The body is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy. The wing device consists of bow and stern wings. The front wing has a swept shape in plan.
Belarus- river passenger SPK
Colchis
In total, about 40 ships of the Colchis type were produced.
Albatross (Katran)
Marine passenger twin-screw motor ship on hydrofoils.
In total, 5 motor ships of the Albatross type were produced
Cyclone
Comet 120M
via
Documentaries:
"Hydrofoil flight"(Hydrofoil Flight) - To the centenary of Rostislav Alekseev (1916-1980)
"Comet goes out to the ocean"
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Where did the "winged fleet" fly to? (Ukraine) 2017
Once the pride of the river passenger transport"Meteors" and "Rockets" are idle on land today. Some are either abroad or cut into scrap metal and cannot be restored. However, in Zaporozhye there are masters who can breathe new life to the old ship. The only Meteor in Ukraine is under repair, which can still be reanimated. Vladimir Osadchy is one of those who do not let the ship go into oblivion.
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Russia resumed production of high-speed marine passenger ships hydrofoil type "Comet" (2013)
Sea passenger hydrofoil vessel of the new generation "Kometa 120M" project 23160 is designed for high-speed transportation of passengers during daylight hours in cabins equipped with aircraft-type seats.
Area of operation:
Seas with sea tropical climate R3-RSN (hv3% 2.5m). Removal from the port - refuge in open seas up to 50 miles.
Vessel class KM Hydrofoil craft Passenger - A of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping.
Seaworthiness:
The movement of the SPK in the wing mode is ensured at a wave height hv3% up to 2.0 m and wind up to 4 points.
With wave height hv3% up to 2.5 m and wind up to 5 points, safe navigation in displacement mode is ensured.
Traveling around our country every day you discover something new. So today, on a cruise in Petrozavodsk, I discovered just such a curiosity. These are hydrofoil ships "Kometa" and "Meteor". Since I was not prepared to meet such vessels, the Meteor practically did not get into the frame, because I thought that they were the same. From Petrozavodsk "Meteors" and "Kometa" operate flights along Lake Onega to Kizhi, Velikaya Guba and Shala. The fare, for example, to Kizhi is 1375 rubles one way. Pleasure is not cheap.
1. "Kometa" - a series of sea (the first in this class) passenger ships on hydrofoils. The motor ship was developed in 1961 at the Central Design Bureau for Hydrofoils named after I. R. E. Alekseeva. Serially produced in 1964-1981 at the Feodosia shipbuilding plant "More" (a total of 86 Komets were built, including 34 for export) and in 1962-1992 at the Poti shipyard (project 342 ME, 39 ships).
2. Displacement 41.2 t (empty), 58.3 t (full), length 35.1 m, width 11.0 m, height 7.8 m (when running on wings), draft 3.6 m (when parked) , 1.7 m (when running on wings).
3. The ship is equipped with 2 diesel engines M-401A, 1 auxiliary diesel generator-compressor-pump. Power 2200 hp, propeller 2 propellers, travel speed 60 km/h (maximum), 55-57 km/h or 30 knots (operational).
4. Crew 5 people, passenger capacity up to 120 people (depending on modification). Passengers are accommodated in three cabins equipped with soft seats: bow, middle and stern. Passenger compartment resembles an airplane cabin, because even the seats are of an airplane type.
5. In the parking lot and when moving at low speed, the hydrofoil is kept on the water due to the force of Archimedes, like an ordinary displacement vessel. At high speed, due to the lift created by these wings, the ship rises above the water. At the same time, the area of contact with water is significantly reduced, and, consequently, the hydrodynamic and frontal resistance of water, which allows you to develop a higher speed.
6. "Meteor", project 342E hydrofoil river passenger ship, developed by Rostislav Alekseev. Produced from 1961 to 1991 at the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant named after. A. M. Gorky. In total, more than 400 ships of this series were built.
7. And this photo is a bonus. This is the sunset today Onega lake.
My next post will be about the city of Petrozavodsk. As they say, Stay tuned.
"Sputnik", "Kometa", "Meteor" - this was the name of the high-speed hydrofoils known to many, capable of "flying" rather than sailing along rivers and seas. The names of the ships are not devoid of a share of romanticism and challenge inherent in Soviet designers and inventors. Real rockets in the open spaces of the river! Fast, swift, streamlined, like seagulls or swallows taking off into the sky, these graceful ships, like many other things, have become pride Soviet Union in 1960 - 1980 But then .... there is a sharp and prolonged decline in the industry and many industries. Today at modern Russia these fine vessels are being used less and less. In addition to incredibly beautiful pictures from the golden and glorious past, we will see some sad photos of abandoned and dismantled Meteors. All this is further in the new material on our website.Let's start with the Golden Era of these fast rockets. White in color, quite noisy, but powerful and fast, and some are able to reach speeds of 150 km / h and carry more than 300 passengers on board. Perhaps the most beautiful of all ships of this type is the Burevestnik. The futuristic-style hull with two aircraft turbine engines on the sides is a delight.
The steering wheel is reminiscent of the cockpit of cars from the 1950s, streamlined with smooth lines:
In this rare photo we can see the Port of Odessa on the Black Sea going back to 1984:
And here are small express trains waiting for passengers:
"Meteor", side view:
Surviving dashboard:
In the period from 1960 to 1980, many such ships were built in the Soviet Union - various modifications, shapes and sizes. More than 3,000 units are estimated to have been used in Russia and Ukraine. Most of them were developed and designed by Rostislav Alekseev, a shipbuilder, creator of hydrofoils, as well as ekranoplanes and ekranoplanes. In 1951, Alekseev and his assistants were awarded the Stalin Prize of the second degree for the development and creation of hydrofoils. The team begins to work on a hitherto unseen passenger hydrofoil vessel (SPK), which received the symbolic name "Rocket". In the summer of 1957, Alekseev presented the "Rocket" to the judgment of the world community, bringing the ship to Moscow during the International Festival of Youth and Students. From that moment on, high-speed shipbuilding began in the world.
Anniversary portrait of R. Alekseev and his monument in Nizhny Novgorod:
"Rocket" became the first Soviet passenger hydrofoil. ("Rocket-1" was built at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant.) Production continued until the mid-1970s. About 400 ships were built. "Rockets" were very popular in the USSR and beyond. Their name has become a household name and often all ships of this type are called that, confusing "Rockets" with "Meteors" and other hydrofoils. With the advent of these high speed boats humanity got the opportunity to quickly get by water to hard-to-reach settlements. A trip on the "Rocket" to some picturesque bay was one of the favorite views family vacation on the river. The main difference between the "Rocket", from all other hydrofoil river vessels, is the presence of a large open area in the stern. By the way, only 4 years later a similar vessel was made in the USA. The “Rockets” reached high speeds (maximum 120 km / h) thanks to a hybrid of a ship and an aircraft: they were equipped with engines from bombers. It was a unique unit, super-light, completely made of aluminum. kg/h per cruising speed. Despite this, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev himself was amazed by the “Rocket”, and uttered the memorable words: “Enough for us to swim along the rivers on oxen! To the modern world- modern speed!”.
The technical parameters of the "Rocket" were as follows: length - 27 m, width - 5 m, draft afloat - 1.8 m, draft during the course on the wings - 1.1 m, average speed- 60 km / h, power - 850 hp, number of passengers - 64 people. There was also a fire modification "Rocket-P" with two fire nozzles and water and air-foam protection systems. Soviet cruise ships were successfully exported to many countries of the world, including the USA, England, Germany, France, Italy, which did not have similar technologies. They went out of wide use immediately after the collapse of the USSR. The main reason for this was the incredible energy consumption of the ship. True, some "rockets" are still used in flights and as pleasure ships. For example, in Moscow, since 2007, the gradual restoration of the Rocket began, and four vessels have already entered the navigation of 2009.
Era « Meteors »
"Meteors" were built from 1961 to 1991. Unlike the Comet, they were used for river cruises, and compared to the Rocket, they had great speed and capacity. In total, more than 400 ships of this series were built. In the Nizhny Novgorod design bureau for hydrofoils named after Rostislav Alekseev, a Meteor-2000 modification was developed with imported engines and air conditioners, which was also supplied to China. By 2007, the line for the production of "Meteors" at the plant was dismantled, and motor ships of the new A45-1 project were laid down. Motor ship Meteor project 342E - duralumin, diesel, single-deck, twin-shaft hydrofoil motor ship, designed for high-speed transportation of passengers during daylight hours along navigable rivers, freshwater reservoirs and lakes in areas with a temperate climate. The remote control and monitoring system provides control of the ship directly from the wheelhouse. Passengers are accommodated in three cabins equipped with soft seats: bow, middle and stern - for 26, 44 and 44 seats, respectively. Wing device consists of bow and stern carrier wings and two flaps mounted on side and bottom struts of the bow wing.
Below you have a magnificent photo of the ship and beautiful scenery:
And this is an early photo of the Meteor on the Volga. Early 1970s.
Also, "Meteors" successfully performed river cruises along the Neva in St. Petersburg:
"Kometa" is a naval version of "Meteor". The project was developed in 1961. Serially produced in 1964-1981 at the Feodosia shipbuilding plant "More" (a total of 86 Komets were built, including 34 for export) and in 1962-1992 at the Poti shipyard (project 342 ME, 39 ships). High-speed diesel engines for the ship were supplied by the Leningrad plant Zvezda.
"Comet" could boast of a speed of 60-70 km / h:
"Voskhod" - another type of ships, created to replace older hydrofoils - "Rockets" and "Meteors". The lead ship of the series was built in 1973. The Voskhods were built at the More shipyard in Feodosia. High-speed diesel engines for the ship were supplied by the Leningrad plant Zvezda and the plant Barnaultransmash. In total, by the beginning of the nineties, more than 150 Voskhods had been built. In the nineties, the production of Voskhod practically stopped due to the difficult situation of the manufacturing plant. In addition to the USSR, Voskhods were delivered to eighteen other countries, in particular, to Canada, Vietnam, China, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Thailand, and Turkey.
The updated Katran-M and the larger Vostok (Seatech):
The ship known as "Kometa - 44" built in 1979, is now used in Turkey under the name "Ege Princess":
The Burevestnik is one of the most beautiful ships in the entire series! A real masterpiece of engineering, fantastic appearance and speed. Berevestnik seemed to have flown in from the future. This is a gas turbine developed by the Central Design Bureau of the SPK R. Alekseev, Gorky. "Petrel" was the flagship among the river SPK. It had a power plant based on two gas turbine engines (GTE) AI-20 designed by A. G. Ivchenko, borrowed from civil aviation(with IL-18). Operated from 1964 until the end of the 70s on the Volga on the route Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Kazan - Gorky.
In 1993, the last surviving Burevestnik was dismantled for scrap. What a disgrace!
The Sputnik in the photo below used similar engines (4x850 hp) and could take 300 passengers on board:
The motor ship "Chaika" had a somewhat distinctive appearance, only one copy was built: "Chaika" was designed for 30 people, but developed a speed of up to 100 km / h:
Less well-known and rarely mentioned is Typhoon:
... and also do not forget about the "Swallow":
The current state of the surviving specimens built in 1960-1980, unfortunately, is not very good. With rare exceptions. Motor ships can be seen in absolutely different places: some collapse in the worst conditions, some await conversion into a floating restaurant or yacht, and others are completely forgotten.
Not far from Perm - rusting ships-heroes of the past against the backdrop of autumn:
Is it a restaurant or…….the unfortunate Sputnik. Samara:
Bar in a residential area small town in Ukraine:
In Finland, you can somehow find several perfectly functioning courts at once. Feeling like you're in the past
And in the end - a great shot of a sliding in still water"Meteora":
Finished model length: 35
cm
Number of sheets: 12
Sheet format: A4
Description, history
Comet- a series of sea (the first in this class) passenger ships hydrofoil. Designed in 1961 . Serially produced in 1964-1981 at the Feodosia shipyard "More" (a total of 86 "Comets" were built, including 34 for export) and in 1962-1992 at the Poti shipyard (project 342 ME, 39 ships).
| Comet | ||
|---|---|---|
|
|
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| basic information | ||
| Type | ||
| State | USSR | |
| Class | M | |
| Shipyard | "Sea" | |
| Commissioned | 1962 | |
| Options | ||
| Length | 35.1 m | |
| Width | 11.0 m (largest) | |
| Height | ? m (when parked)
7.8 m (when running on wings) |
|
| Average draft | 3.6 m (when parked)
1.7 m (when running on wings) |
|
| Displacement | 41,2 (empty)
58,3 (full) |
|
| Technical data | ||
| Power point | 2 diesel M-401A, 1 auxiliary diesel generator-compressor-pump | |
| screws | 2 | |
| Power | 1100 hp | |
| Speed | 60 km/h (maximum)
55-57 km/h or 30 knots (operational) |
|
| Autonomy of navigation | 600 km | |
| Crew | 5 people | |
| Passenger capacity | 120 people (depending on modification) | |
History of creation
In the USSR, the first attempts to create a hydrofoil vessel (SPK) date back to the beginning of the 30s. Their authors are TsAGI scientists V.G. Frolov and A.N. Vladimirov, who in the period 1933 - 1937. carried out experimental studies of hydrofoils in the TsAGI hydrochannel. In 1934, they developed the layout of the vessel on two hydrofoils and built its self-propelled model EGO-1 weighing 300 kg. With the help of a 10 kW engine, the model developed a speed of 32 km / h. The stability of the course on the model could not be achieved. At the same time, well-known Soviet scientists M.V. Keldysh, N.E. Kochin, M.A. Lavrentiev, L.I. Sedov and L.N. the emergence and change of lift near the surface of the water.
In 1941, Rostislav Evgenyevich Alekseev, a graduate of the shipbuilding department of the Gorky Industrial Institute, began work on the creation of a SEC at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, the subject of his graduation project was a hydrofoil torpedo boat and its passenger version. Fascinated by the idea of creating a SEC, Alekseev, with the support of the plant management, launched an active research and development activity to implement his graduation projects and ideas related to the creation of a SEC. Based on the results of the work, in the course of which a modern experimental base for high-speed hydrodynamics was created, numerous non-self-propelled and self-propelled models of SPC with various hydrofoil designs were built and tested, R.E. 15-30% chord) hydrofoils, which received the status of invention.
For the first time, this invention was practically implemented by Alekseev in 1947, when, according to his project, the Krasnoye Sormovo plant put the Soviet serial planing torpedo boat TKA 123 bis on hydrofoils. In the conclusion of the state commission for the acceptance of this hydrofoil boat, it was noted that "for the first time in the Soviet Union, a completely new combat type has been created torpedo boat- a hydrofoil boat, superior to its wingless version by 10 (!) knots in speed (from 90 to 110 km / h) and by 2 (!) points in seaworthiness (from 3 to 5 points) ".
In 1951, for this outstanding achievement, R.E. Alekseev and the leading specialists of his design team - N.A. Zaitsev, I.I. Erlykin, L.S. Popov - were awarded the Stalin Prize. In 1949, under the leadership of R.E. Alekseev, he developed the project of the first river passenger SPK on lightly submerged hydrofoils for 60 people at a speed of 70 km / h. However, for security reasons, Alekseev received permission to create it only in 1956.
In 1956, i.e. seven years after the development of his first project of the SPK, R.E. Alekseev received permission and developed his second project of the river passenger ship on lightly submerged hydrofoils, named "Rocket", for 66 passengers at a speed of 65 km / h. It was built and commissioned in 1957. Since that time, the era of domestic SPKs has begun, the most famous of which are: the ship "Rocket" (1957), the boat "Volga" (1958, 5 seats, speed 60 km / h), the ships "Meteor" (1958, 128 seats, 65 km/h), Kometa (1959, 118 seats, 65 km/h), Belarus (1962, 40 seats, 55 km/h), Colchis (1970, 120 seats, 60 km/h), Voskhod (1970, 60 seats, 60 km/h).
For the creation and implementation of National economy passenger hydrofoils to a group of leading specialists of the Central Design Bureau for the SEC: Alekseev R.E., Zaitsev N.A., Maskaliku A.I., Zobnin B.A., Sushin G.V., Shapkin I.M., Erlykin I. .I., Popov L.S., Vasin A.I., Ryabov K.E. and Captain VORP Poluektov V.G. in 1962 he was awarded the Lenin Prize.
For SPK, the economically feasible speed is limited to about 100 km/h. (In modern military SPK, the speed is limited to 180 km/h). characteristics. And although the low-submerged hydrofoil ships, created under the leadership of R.E. Alekseev, managed to achieve speeds of up to 140 km / h with a non-cavitational flow around the wing, the SPC turned out to be of little promise for further increasing the speed. This became one of the main reasons for the intensification of R.E. Alekseev's work on the search for a new principle of vessel movement, free from the noted main shortcomings (wave and cavitation barriers). It was possible to exclude the influence of these factors only by excluding contact
Hydrofoils - decoration water transport. Flying at high speed along the river surface and leaving an enchanting fan of spray behind their stern, they, with their appearance, seem to call for a journey with them.
Shipbuilders of the USSR began to master the production of hydrofoils, new to them, from the end of the fifties of the last century. Thanks to the ingenious designer R. E. Alekseev, a number of models were created, which, in terms of their performance, bypassed their foreign counterparts. In terms of the number of similar ships released, we are also ahead of the rest.
At the turn of the century, interest in hydrofoil ships began to wane, and production fell. They began to be forced out of the market by other types, for example, catamarans. However, at the beginning of the century, the SPK was again remembered. Consumers, including on a global scale, need such vessels.
general description
SPK "Kometa 120 M", the brainchild of the Rybinsk shipyard "Vympel", was created on the basis of the SPK of the previous generation: "Katran", "Comets", "Colchis". Its purpose is to plow the coastal waters of marine areas, carrying out high-speed passenger transportation.
"Comet 120 M" - new stage life of the SPK. Visually, it is a bit like the first Soviet ship of this type, the Rocket, which left the stocks in 1957. In fact, this is a modern SEC, equipped with the latest achievements in this industry.
Comfortable conditions inside the cabin, in the wheelhouse, have noticeably improved. The hull of the new single-deck "Kometa" with a diesel-gear power plant is made of strong and light aluminum alloys, the sheets of which are interconnected by contact welding. Wings and racks are made of stainless steel. The SPK command bridge is occupied by two people: a captain and a mechanic. There are five sailors in the ship's crew. Cabin capacity is 120 passengers, 22 of which are in business class, 98 in general.
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To control the ship on the "Komet 120 M" a beautiful modern captain's cabin is equipped. An excellent view of the water area is provided by a large windshield. Automatic system control system (ACS) can perform tasks for a person: the autopilot operates, with strong waves on the water, the Carnelian 120 M system maintains a comfortable level of movement for passengers. All information is displayed in a timely manner on the screens of convenient monitors.
A novelty in shipbuilding was the use in the new SPK of a door closing system borrowed from the aircraft industry. This significantly improves the aerodynamic qualities of the vessel, increases the reliability of the design. Also, comfortable chairs came to the passenger compartment of the ship from aviation. The cabin is equipped with air conditioning by the Japanese company Daikin, and a cozy bar awaits passengers at the stern, where they can relax and shorten their travel time.
Specifications
Here are some figures regarding the operation of the new Comet,
- Length - 35200
- Width - 10300
- Displacement 73 tons.
- The power of German engines from the MTU company installed on the Comet 120 M is 2x820 kW.
- Speed in calm water 35 knots (64.8 km/h).
- Fuel consumption - 320 - kg / hour.
- Cruising range with one refueling of fuel 200 miles (321.9 km).
- According to the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, it belongs to the KM class (Hydrofoil craft Passenger) with two adjacent compartments.
Operation features
- The temperature during swimming should correspond to the range from +5 to +30 degrees.
- The removal of the vessel from the coast for 50 miles (80.47 km) is allowed.
- It is planned to operate "Kometa 120 M" in tropical seas, according to the international classification, navigation is allowed in the river-sea zones (R3 RSN). Wave height during navigation should not exceed 2.5 m, sea waves - up to 4 points.
- Vessel "parking" long time carried out on keel blocks included in the set of ship equipment.
Potential buyers, including those from abroad, show big interest to the new Comet 120 M. She has excellent prospects.
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