Jobs: Andrey Gromozdin, Boeing pilot

Business FM asked these questions to experts after media reports that the assistant captain of the An-148 that crashed in the suburbs had no specialized education

At the crash site of the An-148 aircraft in the Moscow region. Photo: Sergei Karpukhin/Reuters

Against the backdrop of media reports that the assistant captain of the An-148 that crashed in the Moscow region did not have a specialized education, the Business FM editors found out what functions the co-pilot performs on the flight, how much these pilots earn and what they must do before getting into in the cockpit of an aircraft carrying passengers.

For starters, the co-pilot of the crashed An-148 Sergey Gambaryan had a specialized education. He graduated from the Leningrad Aviation Technical School with a degree in Air Transportation Management, Moscow State Technical University civil aviation with a degree in Management and St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation with a degree in Air Navigation.

Skeptics point out that all this is not directly related to the control of the aircraft. This is true, but Gambaryan completed a retraining course under the Commercial Aviation Pilots program, which, according to experts, is absolutely normal. Officially becoming a pilot, albeit a second one, Gambaryan got the opportunity to perform all the functions of an aircraft captain. These are the rules, says pilot Andrey Lamanov.

Andrey Lamanov pilot “From the very beginning of his appearance at his workplace, he pilots and has the right to do everything. For example, if the co-pilot takes off, it turns out that he is actively piloting the plane. That is, it performs all the functions of a commander. And the commander controls the whole thing.

However, the responsibility lies entirely with the captain. The PIC is responsible for any correct and incorrect decisions, both his own and the co-pilot's. That is why the PIC's salaries are higher by 20-30, and sometimes by 50%. It all depends on the airline. Also, each company decides for itself when the co-pilot can be promoted to PIC. Pilot Saratov Airlines» Sergei Gambaryan had a total flying time of 812 hours. According to CEO of Infomost Boris Rybak, based on sanitary standards, it turns out that he flew for about a year:

— The co-pilot has 812 flight hours. It turns out that he flew somewhere for a year?

- According to the sannorm - yes.

- And, in fact, the error of the co-pilot, as well as the PIC, are equivalent?

- Well, yes. The chairs are absolutely identical.

As for the remuneration of pilots, the highest income in Russian civil aviation belongs to the PIC of long-haul Boeing and Airbus Aeroflot - 650 thousand rubles a month. As they write on the Avia.ru forum, the company had to increase the amount by almost 200 thousand due to the fact that pilots are fleeing to the Asian market, where salaries are higher and do not depend on bonuses, but are directly related to the flight.

According to some reports, in China, the PIC can receive more than 2 million rubles a month. Pilots of American carriers earn a little less, in Europe they can count on about 900 thousand rubles, but this is before taxation. That is, it turns out a third less on the hands.

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Andrey Gromozdin

Airline pilot Azur Air. He flies on Boeing 757 and Boeing 767. Graduated from Sasovskoye flight school and Ulyanovsk Higher Aviation School.

What do you do in your work?

From the age of five I had a dream to become a pilot. And a big civil aircraft. I dreamed of flying on the Il-86, lifting 300 people into the sky. The second part of this dream came true: our Boeing 767s have 336 seats. But he did not have time to fly on the first Soviet airbus: his flying age was over.

But first there was a long study: I ​​graduated from the Sasovo Flight School, and then the Ulyanovsk Higher Aviation School.

Heaven inspires!

Now I have access to two types of aircraft - Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 - and deliver passengers to different parts of the world.

Are there female pilots?

Yes. Although it was quite difficult for women to break into this profession. There was some kind of chauvinistic approach, but now the situation is changing for the better.

In our country, the percentage of female pilots is much less than in the world, but almost all large companies have them. I know, for example, that a female commander flies in Aeroflot, and there is a female pilot in UTair.

Is it difficult for a pilot to get a job today?

Today is very difficult. In aviation, as in other areas, everything develops along a sinusoid. Three or four years ago there was a shortage of pilots: a school graduate could easily find a job and could make a dizzyingly fast career, it was not the companies who chose the pilots, but the pilots chose the company.

Today, the situation is reversed, and the number of vacancies in the market tends to zero. Cadets, dismissed and reduced, agree to almost any flight work, so as not to lose their qualifications. After all, six months after the break, the pilot needs additional checks, after a year - training, and after five, everything needs to be done again.

What qualities should a pilot have?

The most important thing is the desire for continuous improvement and continuous desire.

The profession is very dynamic. Everything is developing rapidly: from technology, flight rules, working methods and ending with documents regulating flights. It is worth relaxing a little, and you already fall out of the contour of modern aviation.

The rest of the qualities, I think, are clear from the content of the profession: this is technical literacy, and stress resistance, and the ability to work in a team, and knowledge of foreign languages.

Are Russian pilots in demand on the world market?

Now there is a huge demand for pilots in the world, especially in Asia. There, aviation is on the rise: so many planes are being purchased that they simply do not have time to train their pilots. It would seem, why don't those who cannot get a job here go there?

But there are also enough difficulties abroad. For example, in China there are very strict medical criteria, in other countries there may be local specifics in the performance of flights and selection, which is not easy to understand. Also, not everyone is ready to leave or work on a rotational basis, spending a week at home a month, or even less.

Nevertheless, quite a lot of our pilots work abroad - from co-pilots to instructors.

Do pilots have any professional fears?

There is a saying:

There are no brave old pilots.

Everyone has fear. But the pilot is a professional, to cope with stress and direct adrenaline in a constructive way. The passenger may become stupor or hysterical, and the pilot in any non-standard situation must make rational decisions in order to safely deliver passengers from point A to point B.

This is the notorious human factor. And most of the time it has a positive effect. Otherwise, the pilots would have been replaced by robots a long time ago. Thanks to the human factor in the face of designers, testers, engineers, ground personnel, flight attendants and pilots, millions of passengers daily safely and comfortably reach their destinations.

How do air crashes and other tragic incidents affect the psychological state of pilots?

From a purely human point of view, it can be difficult. But we are trying to abstract. After all, if you take to heart every accident that you see on the road, then it’s better not to drive a car either.

In aviation, every, even the smallest incident becomes the subject of a detailed analysis. This is a daily painstaking work to improve security. air transport. The results of this work are evident. If even 40-50 years ago a plane crash was an ordinary event, today each such case is an extraordinary event, which is dedicated to the front pages of newspapers and main news releases.

Therefore, in spite of everything, aviation is the safest and most fast way movement in space. Unfortunately, it is impossible to reduce the risks in the operation of technical means to zero. Because you can’t foresee everything in advance, but environment sometimes unpredictable.

The astronauts watch the "White Sun of the Desert" before the flight. And what rituals and superstitions do pilots have?

Many pilots are superstitious. Everyone has their own superstitions. For example, you can’t file anything before a flight, you can’t say in advance “We will arrive there at such and such a time” (“We are planning ...”), you need to go around the plane only clockwise, and so on. On this, as well as on professional folklore, one can defend a dissertation.

But the most common superstition is that pilots do not like to say the word "last". Use any euphemisms - "extreme", "final", but not "last". It stuck to me too - I try not to use this word in relation to work. But in ordinary life, I struggle with myself and calmly say, “Who is the last in line?” or "Last day of the week."

What does your workplace look like?

Like that.

With the departure of the flight engineer, two pilots remained in the flight deck. More precisely, as we joke, five: two live and three autopilots. Pilots take off manually, and at a predetermined altitude, they turn on the autopilot, which performs all the work to further stabilize the flight and complete the route program at flight level. Then, at the stage of approach or descent (as is customary in which company), the pilot turns off the autopilot and takes control again.

At the stage of the cross-country flight, the duties between the pilots are distributed as follows. Before the flight, it is determined who will be the pilot and who will be the monitor.

• The pilot (pilot flying) controls all flight parameters, watches the instruments, is ready at any time to intervene in control and switch to manual piloting. In this case, all the rough work is done by automation. For example, we have a whole server rack with a bunch of specialized computers under the cab. They perform the work of a navigator and flight engineer, leaving the pilots only in control.
• The monitoring pilot (pilot monitoring) conducts radio communications, fills out paperwork and also monitors the instruments.

Both pilots have almost the same qualifications, because, apart from the two of them, no one will help them in the cockpit. The only difference is that the commander has more responsibility and the last word in decision-making. The interaction between pilots is the cornerstone of flight safety, there is a whole science about this - Crew Resource Management (CRM).

Previously, the so-called fixed crew technology operated, when its composition did not change. People constantly flew together and, naturally, had to know and understand each other well. There was even such a concept - "crew flight".

Now there are completely different operating technologies (SOP), and the planes are designed in such a way that it does not matter who is sitting next to them: a man or a woman, a Russian, a Chinese or an Arab. The main thing is to strictly follow the technology. Everything, down to standard phrases, is strictly formalized.

In most companies, there is a constant rotation of the crew. With whom you will fly tomorrow, sometimes depends on the computer that plans the work schedule of the crews.

What gadgets do pilots use?

For a pilot, a fairly standard gadget is the iPad. Typically iPad Air 2 and up. This is due to the fact that aviation software vendors are focused on OS X.

The tablet is issued by the company. For him in the cockpit there is a special certified mount, which allows you to use it during the entire flight. On the tablet, only what you need for work: maps, software for calculations, a library. Nothing extra. We cannot take and put something or remove it. This is done by the administrator, who has all the settings in his hands.

So I carry another iPad with me for personal use. Someone prefers a laptop, while someone manages only a phone. This is to read or watch something, and also to keep in touch with the house. There is no other way to communicate with loved ones on a business trip, except via the Internet.

Is there a place for paper in your work?

Yes, and a lot: Flight Computing (CFP), Weather Briefing (actual weather and forecasts), Weather Charts, Crew Urgent Messages (NOTAMs), Payroll Documents (Loading Sheets, Passenger List, Cargo Information) , additional documents. A pack comes out a kilogram and a half.

Companies are gradually moving to paperless technologies, but this process is very slow, because in aviation everything must be repeatedly checked and duplicated.

For example, the navigational calculation (it is called CFP) today is performed on a computer using special software, but during the flight we note in its paper version whether what the computer calculated corresponds to the actual indicators. If there are discrepancies, additional control is needed. As I mentioned above, the monitoring pilot does the paperwork.

How do you organize your time?

It all depends on the season and the airline. Less work in winter, more in summer. In addition, each company flies certain distances, and a schedule is built from this.

Large aircraft such as the Boeing 777 and Boeing 767 usually operate long flights. For example, you fly from Moscow to the Dominican Republic for 12 hours, where you hand over the plane to another crew. They fly back to Moscow, and you have one or three days of rest. And so in a circle. This is called a "relay".

You can fly to the "ring". This is when you fly out of one city, then visit several others, then return. For example, Yekaterinburg - Phuket - Novosibirsk - Cam Ranh - Vladivostok - Bangkok - Moscow.

If we talk about small-capacity aircraft, then there pilots go to work almost every day, performing short turning flights. There are very few business trips, all flights start and end at home.

What does the crew do during inter-flight rest?

Who than: someone sleeps off, someone watches TV, someone goes to or to the pool. The presence of a gym, by the way, is very important for us when choosing a hotel.

If we are on the relay race, then a lot depends on the company's policy and the situation in the host country. If she is happy, then you can go to the beach or go shopping. If you have time, visit local attractions. But you can not drink alcohol and engage in some kind of extreme recreation.

Have you ever encountered hooliganism on board?

"Hooligan" on board always occurs for one reason - alcohol. As we fly by tourist destinations encountered this quite often. There were even cases when brawlers had to be tied up. At the same time, flight attendants or other passengers had to calm down those who had drunk.

Pilots in any emergency situation it is forbidden to leave the cabin.

Now, due to the tightening of responsibility and thanks to public publicity, there are less and less incidents of hooliganism on board. But in any case, I would not advise anyone to drink on board. The flight itself is a load on the body (the air is dry, the pressure is low), you should not dehydrate and load yourself even more. Upon arrival, you will be able to catch up in a comfortable environment and without administrative and criminal consequences.

How do you deal with jet lag?

It is a little easier for us than, for example, for passengers. You arrive so tired that you just have to go to bed and go to bed.

It is more difficult to force yourself to rest before the flight, especially if before that you spent some time in the “day - awake, night - sleep” mode. Just lie down and fall asleep during the day is very difficult. After all, as you know, it accumulates, but rest, unfortunately, does not. It is impossible to sleep for the future, but you can get tired with a large margin.

It is more difficult not with a change in sleep patterns, but with a torn nutrition schedule. Sleep is rebuilt quite quickly, but the stomach is much slower. Therefore, at night, it happens that you are incredibly hungry, and vice versa, delicacies during the day do not cause any enthusiasm.

What is in your bag?

I have three bags.

One is small. I use it on round trips. There are several pens, markers, a ruler, everything Required documents, iPad, signal vest, thermos mug and dryers. They help me fight sleep. Someone carries seeds for this, someone - a manual expander, I have drying.

If this is a “relay race” for a day or two, then a small suitcase with two compartments is flying with me: for papers and for myself necessary clothing(in what to go out for dinner and to the sea). If the business trip is long or through different climatic zones(there are flights from minus 35 to plus 35), then my “reversal” bag rides on top of a suitcase, which already has everything - from thermal underwear to light slippers.

What is the place of sport in your life?

Pilots annually pass VLEK - a medical-flight expert commission. It's a fairly rigorous medical check-up: five key specialists plus a cardiogram, tests, and tests. After 40 years, additional studies are carried out, and after 55 pilots are generally examined in a hospital.

To pass VLEK, you need to keep yourself in shape. In addition, after flights, when you sometimes sit for 12 hours in a row, the body simply requires physical activity. Unfortunately, it is not possible to do team sports. For example, I love hockey, but who needs a player who is constantly on business trips? Therefore, I do fitness: jogging, swimming, if there are no other possibilities - charging with an electronic trainer in the room.

Do you have a pre-trip health check?

In Russia, this anachronism still remains, although this has long been absent all over the world.

For some reason, we think that without this, everyone will start flying drunk or under drugs. But civil aviation pilots are well aware of the degree of their responsibility, and no one wants to part with the profession.

Is it true that…

1. Is it better not to drink coffee and tea on board, since the water in the plane is of poor quality and stuffed with chemicals?

The water is really not the same as on earth. First, due to the low pressure, it boils at a lower temperature. But it is never brought to boiling water for safety reasons. It is unlikely that you will like it if a neighbor accidentally spills boiling water on you.

Secondly, taste perception high altitude a person is completely different. Salts and acids are perceived differently. That is why many people like to drink tomato juice on the plane. Its perception almost does not change compared to the earth, but the taste of tea or coffee may seem wrong.

As for the purity of the water on board, this is strictly monitored. Tanks for it are regularly washed, and refueling is carried out by a special machine under the close supervision of engineers.

2. Do pilots and passengers have different meals?

As a rule, yes. Moreover, the commander and the co-pilot also have different food. Again, all for security reasons. It is impossible to allow both pilots to get indigestion or some kind of food allergy after eating the same thing.

But don't worry, in terms of quality and content, pilots' food is about the same as passengers'. The same fish, chicken, meat.

3. If the “fasten seat belts” light is on for a long time during a calm flight, did the pilot simply forget to turn it off?

Sometimes it happens. But rarely. The conductors are constantly in the cabin, they will definitely notice this and ask what's the matter.

Another thing is that pilots know in advance when the turbulence will begin (the zones of possible turbulence are indicated on our special maps), and they can turn on the light in advance, 10–20 minutes in advance, to protect passengers.

4. Can a flight attendant enter the cockpit only with a special password?

Yes. Moreover, only the senior flight attendant can enter. Before each flight, the procedure for entering the cabin is agreed. We won't let you in without a prearranged signal.

In addition, the cabin is equipped with video surveillance so that we can immediately understand who entered and with what.

5. Does a pilot always have to be dressed in uniform?

Yes and no. Yes, if you are flying with passengers. And here everything is pretty strict. For example, in one of the companies in which I worked, they were severely fined for not wearing a cap. Made a detour of the plane without a cap - minus 25% of the salary.

No, if the flight is ferry. Then you can fly in ordinary civilian clothes.

In addition, certain requirements for appearance establish airports. For example, in Bangkok, a pilot without a uniform will not be allowed to board the plane, no matter what documents you show.

There was even a funny incident. One of the pilots did not bring the uniform from the laundry on time. What to do? Do not wait until it is washed and stroked, disrupting the flight. First, one pilot had to go on board, take off the uniform, and hand it over to the pilot. He changed clothes, and then they let him in too.

6. Pilots do not hear the applause of passengers?

We have an armored door to the cockpit, you can hardly hear anything through it. Usually, the conductors tell later that the passengers clapped and conveyed gratitude. (By the way, if you liked the flight, write a few words about it in the review sheet or on the company's website. Those who tried for you will be pleased.)

I myself heard applause twice. Once there was a plane full of children - the most grateful passengers. And the second, when we flew to Bulgaria and spent two hours in the waiting area due to bad weather. Sat down from the second call, at the first the fog has not yet completely dispersed. Naturally, the passengers clapped and shouted in such a way that it was audible even through our armored door.

7. Do pilots constantly have affairs with flight attendants?

Don't know. I do not like it when they delve into my personal life, and I do not climb to others.

My wife is a flight attendant. We met at the "relay", and the relationship began on the ground. But not at once. The schedule interfered: then she flew away, then I. Then they met.

Lifehacking by Andrey Gromozdin

1. Arrive at the airport with a comfortable time reserve. Most companies, including charter companies, allow electronic registration from home. All you have to do is check in your luggage and go through security. For a person to arrive in three hours and get tired even before he gets on the plane, it is only beneficial for duty-free shops and restaurants.
2. When passing pre-flight screening put everything out of your pockets in a bag in advance. This will significantly speed up the process and will allow you not to run later in search of a phone or a boarding pass left at the screening.
3. Drink on board if possible. The air in the aircraft is dry and deliberately not humidified so that moisture does not harm the structure of the aircraft. So the more you drink, the better. So don't let yourself dry up!
4. During long flight do micro-gymnastics. Let the joints, especially the joints of the legs, move a little so that the blood does not stagnate.

But the most important advice to readers - always enjoy the flight.

There is some magic in this, when your body is transferred from one end of the world to another in some 8-10 hours at extraordinary speeds.

Even 100-150 years ago, this was unimaginable. Therefore, do not treat flights as something everyday (even if you fly a lot) - have fun!

On Thursday, June 18, a Boeing 777 of the American airline Continental Airlines was flying from Brussels to New York. There were 247 passengers on board, RIA Novosti reports with reference to the US Federal Aviation Administration.

When the liner had already covered almost half of the way and was over Atlantic Ocean, the 61-year-old crew commander suddenly became ill with a heart, and he lost consciousness right at the helm.

The co-pilot took control of the aircraft. The crew members found out that there was a cardiologist among the passengers on board. He was invited to the cabin, according to Komsomolskaya Pravda. The medic tried to resuscitate the crew commander, used a defibrillator, but all efforts were in vain.

In his opinion, it was impossible to save the pilot. The co-pilot made the decision to make an emergency landing of the aircraft. He informed the airport controllers of Newark (New Jersey) about the incident.

A representative of Continental Airlines confirmed that the plane landed successfully at the airport around 20.00 Moscow time. There was no panic among the passengers, they, apparently, did not know about the tragedy that broke out in the cockpit. They were only concerned a large number of police and ambulances meeting the Boeing 777 at runway. But the passengers learned about the death of the pilot only from the newspapers.

The airline said in a statement that the crew leader died due to natural causes, presumably as a result of acute heart failure. There is no data on whether he complained of feeling unwell before the flight.

The 61-year-old veteran has reportedly been with the airline for over thirty years and was considered an accomplished pilot.

Note that the American Continental Airlines is among the five major airlines world and is considered one of the most reliable. Its liners operate flights on more than 230 routes in the USA, Canada, Latin and South America, countries Caribbean.

Similar emergencies in the air are quite rare. However, in April of this year US state Florida due to mid-air pilot death emergency landing a passenger of a small Beechcraft twin-engine aircraft had to make King Air.

According to Vesti, the pilot died shortly after the Beechcraft King Air took off from the airfield in Marco Island, Florida.

The pilot also felt bad with his heart, but before losing consciousness, he managed to turn on the autopilot, so the plane did not fall, but continued to climb.

There were four passengers on board: a husband and wife and their two minor daughters. For a while they did not even suspect what was happening, and found that the pilot was dead when the plane was at an altitude of about three thousand meters.

The 56-year-old head of the family, as it turned out, had experience in piloting a single-engine aircraft. He radioed the Marco Island controllers, reported the coordinates and received detailed instructions.

From the nearest airspace all other aircraft were withdrawn, and the passenger successfully, on the first attempt, landed the ship in international airport Fort Myers in the same state of Florida. Extreme flight lasted only 30 minutes.

Last year passenger liner A-320 airline " british airways”, carrying 156 passengers, made an emergency landing at Istanbul International Airport (Turkey).

The liner operated a flight from Manchester to Paphos (Cyprus). When he flew over the territory of Turkey, the co-pilot - 43-year-old Michael Warren - had a heart attack. Since there was hope to save him, the crew members requested a landing in Istanbul. The airbus landed successfully.

An ambulance was called to the ladder health care. However, by then the co-pilot was already dead. According to representatives of the airline, passengers were out of danger during the entire flight. On the same day they were sent by the same plane to Paphos.

According to experts, landing a plane without a crew commander is quite problematic, but in the case of the Boeing-777 of Continental Airlines, there were no overlaps. Quite successfully coped with the task and passenger Beechcraft King Air.

The problem here is different. We are talking about the health status of pilots performing international flights and take responsibility for the lives of passengers. After all, they all seem to be required to go through medical control immediately before the flight. Nevertheless, in all of the above cases, the pilots' hearts failed.