Who built the Adam's Bridge? (5 photos). Adam's Bridge - land connection between India and Sri Lanka

ADAM BRIDGE OR FRAME BRIDGE? MYTH OR REALITY?
EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH OF SRI LANKA

12 days / 10 nights

Colombo - Chilau - Wilpattu - Anuradhapura - Mannar - Jaffna - Delft and Nagadipa Islands - Mihintale - Habarana - Sigiriya - Dambulla - Kandy - Nuwara Eliya - Horton Plateau - Ratnapura - Colombo

Mysterious pedestrian bridge between India and Sri Lanka has become a “lost” reality thanks to satellite imagery NASA. A string of shallows, similar to a man-made crossing, is clearly visible from space and even from an airplane.
Still on ancient geographical maps Ptolemy depicts a shoal connecting the mainland of Hindustan with the island of Ceylon. On the Arab medieval maps, this shoal is marked as a real passable bridge; Marco Polo also mentions it in his manuscripts.

According to historical data, the bridge remained accessible for crossing until the end of the 15th century, when a strong earthquake and the tsunami that followed it severely damaged it. The bridge sank heavily and was destroyed in places. Now most of this 50-meter bridge is hidden under water, but you can still walk on it most of the way.

According to Muslim tradition, Adam, expelled from paradise, descended to earth in Ceylon. And on the continent, in India, he crossed over this shoal, so much like a bridge.

Rama Bridge? According to the ancient Indian epic Ramayana, the bridge was built on the orders of Emperor Rama by an army of monkeys led by the humanoid mighty monkey Hanuman. There are references to the construction of the bridge also in the sacred Puranas, as well as in another great epic of India - the Mahabharata. By the way, in the largest Hindu complex in Indonesia, on about. Java has bas-relief sculptures depicting the construction of Rama's bridge.

Indian geologists conducted a large-scale study of both the Rama bridge and the geological rocks on which it rests. To do this, in the bridge itself and next to it, they drilled 100 wells and conducted geophysical surveys. It was possible to establish that the bridge does not represent a natural elevation of bedrock, as one might assume, it is a clear anomaly of an artificial nature. According to the study, the bridge was formed by an embankment of boulders 1.5x2.5 meters in size, and of a fairly regular shape.

In 2009, Russian director Alexander Volkov filmed a documentary "Rama's Bridge", about the expedition, during which he, together with the main character Peter Seleznev, crossed the Pok Strait between India and Sri Lanka along the sacred bridge of Rama and told the story of the construction of this unique structure.

During this tour you will see all the main attractions of the island, as well as the place where the legendary Adam's Bridge begins, connecting Sri Lanka with India.

The program is combined with a holiday in one of the hotels on the west coast.

Arrivals: any day from 11/01/18 to 03/31/19

days	Program
1	Flight Moscow - Colombo
2	Colombo - Chilaw Arrival in Colombo, meeting at the airport, transfer to Chilau and hotel accommodation, rest. After lunch visit temple complex Rameshvaram, which is historically associated with the Ramayana epic and consists of temples dedicated to Shiva, Ganesha, Ayanayaka and Kali, revered by Buddhists, Hindus and ... Catholics. In the evening dinner and overnight at the hotel.
3	Chilau - Vilpattu - Anuradhapura (126 km) After breakfast drive to Wilpattu National Park, famous for its "villa" - artificial reservoirs, which serve as a habitat for crocodiles and numerous birds, as well as watering places for wild animals. In that unknown corner wildlife Sri Lanka is inhabited by leopards, bears, deer and other animals. Safari in the park. Next drive to Anuradhapura. After hotel check-in sightseeing tour according to the first capital of the Sinhalese kingdom. Inspection of the sacred Bo tree - Sri Maha Bodhi (UNESCO) - which, according to official data, has been growing here for more than 2200 years and is the oldest in the world. It is believed that it grew from a tree cutting, under which Prince Sidhartha Gautama achieved enlightenment and became the Buddha. In the evening return to the hotel, dinner.
4	Anuradhapura - Mannar - Jaffna (230 km) After breakfast, transfer to Mannar Island, where "Adam's Bridge" or "Rama's Bridge" begins. Alexander Volkov, director of the film "Rama's Bridge" describes this place as follows: "Legends say that it was built by warriors - monkeys who were gigantic in growth. And we even tried to illustrate in the film that the height of these giants was - you won't believe it - 8 meters! But, looking at this bridge, you involuntarily begin to believe in it - that it makes no sense for us to build such a width. But for people 8 meters tall, at the same time - possessing some kind of weaponry - perhaps there is logic in the width of this bridge. In general, there are many questions, of course, many ... ". Then drive to Jaffna and visit the "grave of Adam and Eve". Accommodation, dinner and overnight at the hotel.
5	Jaffna - Delft and Nagadipa Islands - Jaffna Breakfast in the hotel. Moving to sea ​​port from where the catamarans leave for inhabited island Delphi with unique wildlife and surrounded coral reefs. Among other animals, you can see zebras here, and local natives in loincloths brew first-class moonshine. Inspection of Adam's footprint and the huge Baobab tree. Then return to the catamaran and transfer to about. Nagadipa (Manadvipam). Historians note that the island was mentioned in ancient Tamil literature, as well as in Buddhist legends about Sri Lanka, which tell about the communication of local residents with the Buddha. The island has a large Buddhist complex Nagadipa and Sri Nagapushani Amman Hindu Temple. Walking tour of the temples, return to Jaffna, dinner and overnight at the hotel.
6	jaffna After breakfast at the hotel, continue the tour in Jaffna, where from 1983 to 2009 there was a military conflict between the Sri Lankan authorities and the Tamil Tigers, but the temples and sights in Jaffna have been preserved in good condition. There are numerous Hindu temples, hot springs, a star-shaped Dutch fort, a beautiful lagoon where you can take a boat trip around the bay for a small fee. Free time, dinner and overnight at the hotel.
7	Jaffna - Mihintale - Khabarana (230 km) Breakfast at the hotel and transfer to Habarana. On the way visit the Mihintale complex - historical place the origin of Buddhism on the island, where a huge Buddhist complex has been preserved, which includes many ancient ruins, dagoba, caves and ponds. The staircase leading to the center of the complex, to the mountain has 1850 steps, where it is worth climbing to see a panoramic view of the entire area. Upon arrival in Habarana, accommodation and dinner at the hotel.
8	Khabarana - Sigiriya - Dambulla - Kandy After breakfast, transfer to Sigiriya and climb to the "Lion Rock". At the top of Mount Sigiriya (UNESCO) is the legendary "Fortress in the Sky" of the 5th century. To get to the top, you need to overcome 1200 steps, climbing to a height of 200 meters. Inspection of well-preserved unique colored frescoes depicting court life, a mirror wall, the palace of King Kasapa and the remains of a fortress. Huge lion paws adorn the staircase leading to the ruins of the palace. From the top of Sigiriya, a beautiful panoramic view of the island's jungle stretching for hundreds of kilometers opens up. Further transfer to Dambulla and sightseeing cave temple 1st century in Dambul (UNESCO). Here, in five caves, the largest collection of Buddha statues (150 statues) is collected, some of which are covered with gold, and the walls and ceilings of the caves are decorated with frescoes. One of the wonders of Dambulla is a cave, on the walls of which, framed by a unique stone carving, water flows upwards. In the evening transfer to Kandy. Accommodation, dinner and overnight at the hotel.
9	Kandy - Nuwara Eliya After breakfast, visit the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic of the 16th century, where a relic highly revered by Buddhists is kept. During the service, the doors of the temple are open and one can observe the shrine from afar. Next, transfer to Nuwara Eliya, on the way stop at the Ramboda waterfall and visit a tea factory with a tasting of fragrant Ceylon tea. In the evening, accommodation, dinner and overnight at the hotel.
10	Nuwara Eliya - Horton Plateau - Nuwara Eliya Early breakfast at the hotel. Moving to national park Horton Plateau, located in the center of a mountain plateau at an altitude of 2100 - 2300 m above sea level. Here you can find many rare plants and animals, as well as see the famous landmark "The End of the World" - a steep cliff 1200 meters high, offering stunning views. They can only be reached on foot (6 km one way). Return to Nuwara Eliya area. Visit the Sita Amman temple, the only one in the world dedicated to the goddess Sita. Return, dinner and overnight at the hotel
11	Nuwara Eliya - Ratnapura - beach After breakfast, transfer to the airport or beach hotel. On the way visit the museum of precious and semi-precious stones in Ratnapura - a place where gems are mined: rubies, sapphires, topazes, etc. Here you can see the most famous and most expensive Sri Lankan blue sapphire.
12	Colombo - Moscow Flight to Moscow.

The cost of the tour per person in USD during the period from 04/01/18 to 10/31/18**, except for 07/01/08/31*

* Supplement for a room in Kandy from 01.07 - 31.08* 3* hotels - 40 USD, 4* hotels - 90 USD
Supplement for a room in the period from 01.08 - 31.08* 3* and 4* hotels - 45 USD

The cost of the tour per person in USD from 01.11.18 to 31.03.19, except 20.12-12.01*

** Supplement for a room in the period from 20.12 - 12.01 3* hotels - 35 USD, 4* hotels - 60 USD
Supplement per person for gala dinners on 24.12 and 31.01 3* hotels - 45 / 60USD, 4* hotels - 70 / 95 USD

We reserve the right to replace the hotels indicated in the program with similar hotels with the same category.

The tour price includes: accommodation 09 nights in hotels on a half board basis (breakfast + dinner), all transfers and transfers, support and services Russian speaking guide, a trip to the islands of Delft and Nagadipa, as well as around the beginning of the Adam's Bridge, a safari on the island of Delft and national park Vilpatu, permission to visit Northern Sri Lanka, all taxes.

The tour price does NOT include: international flight, visa on arrival $40 (children under 12 free of charge) at Colombo airport (or on the consulate website www.eta.gov.lk/slvisa in advance), insurance, entrance tickets according to the program (approx. $70), photo and video filming, tips, any personal expenses.

interesting geological feature, known as Adam's bridge (or Adam's bridge), can be seen in the Palk Strait, which separates Sri Lanka from mainland India.

Adam's Bridge is a chain of islets and shoals, which from space looks like the remains of an ancient crossing between Ceylon (as the island of Sri Lanka was called until 1972) and southern part peninsulas of Hindustan.

Where is Adam's Bridge

The bridge "connects" (if I may say so) southern part India with the northwestern part of Sri Lanka through the Palk Strait.

Geographic coordinates 9.086626, 79.569763

What does Adam's Bridge look like?

The distance between India and Sri Lanka is about 100 kilometers. On the mainland side, Adam's Bridge starts from Pamban Island. This is a piece of land stretched for almost 30 km. From the side of Sri Lanka, the starting point of the bridge is the island of Mannar. It also stretches for about 30 km.

It is clearly seen from space that this narrow isthmus in ancient times actually connected Sri Lanka with the continent. In confirmation, records are given from local temples, telling that until the 15th century it was possible to get from India to Sri Lanka by land. However, in 1480, during the most powerful storms and cyclones, overland trail was destroyed. Yes, and on shipping maps of the 15th century, Adam's Bridge is shown as dry land.

On this moment Adam's Bridge has 103 shallows. Although this can be argued, because during periodic rises in sea level, many islands are under a meter layer of water. The methods for counting islands are also very approximate. Using satellite maps Google maps, we counted about 20 major islands besides Pamban and Mannar.

Geology

The sea in this area is quite shallow, about 1-10 meters. The presence of shoals significantly complicates navigation here. Only a small strait of Pamban between the island of the same name and India can be used for the passage of small ships.

Geologists in the 19th century put forward two main theories for the formation of the Adam's bridge.

The first suggests that it arose in the process of accretion and uplift of the earth in this area.

According to the second, it is believed that the isthmus was the result of the separation of Sri Lanka from mainland India. The fragile limestone ridges later turned into large rectangular blocks, which gave rise to the belief that it was a man-made structure.

Historical information

The bridge was first mentioned in the ancient Indian Sanskrit epic Ramayana. There it is called RamaSetu, which means Rama's Bridge.

The sea separating India and Sri Lanka is called Sethusamudram (in the original Sethusamudram), which means "Sea of ​​the Bridge" in translation.

Europeans first heard about it in the middle of the 9th century from the Book of Roads and Kingdoms by the Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbe. The very first mention of this place exactly as Adam's bridge dates back to 1804. Some sources associate the bridge with famous mountain Sri Lanka - the famous Adam's Peak. According to legend, Adam, expelled from Paradise, descended the mountain and walked overland from Sri Lanka to India, heading to Eve. Accordingly, the transition was named after him.

Another legend of Adam's Bridge

The Brahmins (Hindu priestly caste) call it Rama's Bridge. From the epic "Ramayana" it follows that the construction of the bridge was carried out under the leadership of Emperor Rama. Moreover, in addition to people, monkeys from the so-called Vanara Army were also involved. The bridge was built so that the emperor's troops moved to Sri Lanka for a decisive battle with Ravana, the evil king of Rakshasa, who kidnapped Rama's beloved, Sita.
In the epic, the bridge is called Setubandhanam, and this name is still used today.

Current state and problems of the Adam's bridge

Large sea ​​vessels, following from the west, go around Sri Lanka to reach eastern shores India. This is more than 800 kilometers and about 30 hours of time.

The Indian authorities have developed a project to deepen a section of the strait near the Adam's Bridge. But a lot of people and organizations oppose such construction. The main emphasis is on the fact that the Adam's bridge is described in the Ramayana and has a great religious significance. In addition, there are concerns about the impact of dredging on the ecology and marine ecosystem of the area. The opposition argues that proper scientific research was not carried out to implement this project. Therefore, while the project remains unrealized.

Adam's bridge in tourism

For tourists, there are two-hour boat trips on boats that depart from the coastal city of Talaimanar from Sri Lanka. It is noteworthy that ships of the Sri Lankan Navy are used for walks. Usually 8 tourists and 2 accompanying crew members are placed on board. Walks are made from 7-00 to 16-00.

And earlier it was possible to get from India to Sri Lanka by train.

By train from India to Sri Lanka

Parallel to the islands of Adam's Bridge was a ferry railway crossing. She connected the cities of Dhanushkodi in India with Talaimanar in Sri Lanka. During British colonization region, this crossing was part of the Indo-Ceylon railway. could buy railway ticket from Chennai (India) to Colombo (Sri Lanka).

The journey was by rail from Chennai to Pamban Island, then by ferry to Talaimanar, and then again by rail to Colombo. But in 1964, a cyclone completely destroyed Dhanushkodi, and the railway ferry crossing ceased to exist.

1. On one of the shoals of the Adam's Bridge is the border between India and Sri Lanka. This border is among the shortest land borders in the world.
2. Until now, scientists are arguing whether the Adam's bridge is a natural formation or is it the work of man.
3. They say that even now you can go from Sri Lanka to India along the Adam's bridge, periodically plunging into water up to your waist

Adam's bridge video

The video says that Railway still exists parallel to the bridge, but it is not visible from the satellite, so let us doubt it. Everything else is quite worthy of your attention.

Hello friends. Traveling is always associated with a dream. When we were going to Sri Lanka, such a dream for us was the Rama Bridge, connecting Sri Lanka and India across the ocean. Europeans and Muslims call it Adam's bridge. In ancient times, it was possible not only to pass over the bridge, but also to transport an entire army. This is the bridge we dreamed of getting to. From this point, we built our entire route in Sri Lanka.

Adams Bridge, Indian name- Rama's bridge from space and from an airplane is visible as a blue line - a shoal 50 km long, from one and a half to 4 kilometers wide, extending into the ocean. The depth of this bridge ranges from a meter to 10-12 meters.

Problem

On the economic side, the shoal in the ocean between India and Sri Lanka gives a lot of trouble: ships have to make a detour of 800 km, which is 30 hours of travel and wasted fuel.

It would seem that there is a simple solution - to dig a canal and establish profitable shipping. Such attempts were made in 1850, in 1955, and the last one at the beginning of the 2000s, but they met with a powerful protest from believers.

• Muslims

They call this place the bridge of Adam and believe that this bridge rose from the depths of the sea when Adam, expelled from paradise, passed here in search of Eve. That earthly life Adama began on the island of Sri Lanka, evidenced by a huge footprint on Mount Sripad. Muslims and Europeans call the mountain Adam's Peak.

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Interestingly, both names - Adam's Bridge and Adam's Peak officially appeared on world maps only in 1804. They were recorded by the first inspector of British India, James Rennel. He ignored the ancient names, settling on what is familiar and easy to pronounce for Christians.

• Hindus

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At the end of the earth, at the southern tip of the Hindustan peninsula is unique phenomenon — Rama Bridge. Its other name is Adam's Bridge.
This is a chain of shallows in the ocean that stretches from India to Sri Lanka.
Where do you think Adam and Eve went when they were expelled from paradise? And, in general, where was this paradise? This is not counting the most important question - why were they, in fact, expelled?

Rama's Bridge or Adam's Bridge?

Personally, the concept that no one expelled Adam and Eve from anywhere is closest to me, that having eaten the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, they began to live by reason instead of intuition, switched to the chatter of the mind and reason, therefore, ceased to dwell in God, ceased to communicate directly with Him. The connection with God was turned off - thus they lost Paradise, which, as we know, is an internal component, not an external one.
But this is my personal interpretation. The legend claims that the biblical paradise was located in Sri Lanka, and Adam was expelled from paradise precisely along these shallows, which is why they are called Adam's bridge. Another legend does not say anything about exactly where paradise was, but assures that when Adam was expelled from there, he first came to Sri Lanka, and then moved to the mainland along the Adam's bridge.
The Ramayana tells in detail that this bridge was built by the legendary ancient Indian king Rama (the incarnation of the god Vishnu) with the help of an army of monkeys led by Hanuman, the monkey king, in order to free the wife of the god Rama, Sita, who was kidnapped by the evil demon Ravana (the ruler of Sri Lanka).
Thus, this chain of shoals has two names: Adam's Bridge (as the British called it) and Rama's Bridge (as it is called locals). Since the locals are closer to me than the British, for me he is Rama Bridge. 🙂
According to ancient maps, the bridge was pedestrian until the end of the 15th century, then it was destroyed by an earthquake.
At present, these shoals in some places act as small islands, in places they are hidden under water by 1.0 - 1.25 m. It turns out that you can walk from India to Sri Lanka! 40 km waist-deep in water, but theoretically - you can!
Here he is, Rama Bridge. A picture from space. On the left is the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent, on the right is Sri Lanka.

About the idea of ​​a shipping canal between India and Sri Lanka

Between India and Sri Lanka is the Strait of Polk. The Rama Bridge blocks it, and ships sailing along the coast of India have to go around Sri Lanka.
From the middle of the 19th century, talk began that the Strait of Polk should be made navigable by destroying the Rama Bridge and breaking the canal between India and Sri Lanka. For a long time, this idea remained a theory, until in 2001 the Indian government began to implement it - in order to open the way between the Bay of Manara and the Bay of Bengal.

But it was not there! The channel has not yet been dug. This unique chain of shallows was not allowed to be destroyed by the Indian people and the forces of nature.
Hindus are very sensitive to their shrines. The Rama Bridge since the time of the Ramayana is considered an artificially built sacred object and proof of ancient legends.
To protect it, geologists were invited, who determined that the age of the rocks from which this object is composed corresponds to the time described in the Ramayana. In addition, a strange anomaly was discovered. It turned out that this Bridge is a chain of huge stones of the correct shape, lying in an orderly manner not on solid ground, but on sand 3-5 meters thick. Also, geologists have established that in this place there was no uplift of the earth's crust. These facts speak in favor of the version of artificial nature object.
In addition, this chain of shallows in 2004 softened the destructive power of the tsunami. If not for her, there could have been much more victims, scientists say.
Despite this, the construction of the navigable canal still began. And then Nature intervened - a storm broke out in the Polk Strait, and work had to be stopped. Moreover, storms in this area are not typical for this time of year, as the newspapers wrote.
So the Rama Bridge remained intact.
And here's what I think. As you know, thought is material. If millions of Hindus simultaneously oppose the destruction of this object, because believe that it was built by the god Rama, then something must have interfered - either a storm, or something else ...

Danushkodi spit (Rameshwaram spit)

... From the side of India, the Danushkodi spit (Rameshvaramskaya spit) leads to the Rama Bridge. On the island is the sacred Hindu city of Rameshwaram, and on the spit itself - fishing village Danushkodi.

The red circle marks the fishing village on the spit.
We were very eager for this braid. We are me and Hope. This is the same Nadyushka from the distant city of Vladimir, with whom I discovered my very first India several years ago, and with whom we then made our unforgettable kayak trip along the Volga. This time our interests coincided again, only now instead of the Volga - South India, instead of a kayak - a Kerala boat, local buses, an elephant, a car loaded with fish, and any other.
Well, the goal is still the same - complete and final enlightenment! 🙂

Read the sequel:

If you fly over the sea between India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon), then at some point you can notice a strange shoal located literally at the very surface, which, bending slightly, connects the island and the continent. This sandbank is called by Muslims Adam's bridge and the Hindus Rama bridge.

The Muslim name is due to the fact that the followers of this religion believe that Adam, expelled from paradise, descended to earth in Ceylon. And on the continent, in India, he crossed this strange shoal, so much like a bridge.

Hindus even believe that this is really a man-made bridge, built in ancient times on the orders of Emperor Rama by an army of monkeys led by Hanuman. According to the Ramayana, Nala, the son of the legendary divine architect Vishwakarman, supervised the construction, and Rama's troops crossed over this bridge to Sri Lanka to fight with its ruler, the demon Ravana, who kidnapped Rama's beloved Sita.

On the Arab medieval maps, it is marked as a real bridge rising above the water, along which anyone could cross from India to Ceylon. The situation changed in 1480, when, as a result of a strong earthquake and the strongest storm that followed, the bridge sank and was partially destroyed. However, the Portuguese and the British still marked it on the maps as an artificial structure, dam or bridge.

The length of the bridge is almost 50 kilometers, its width varies from about 1.5 to 4 kilometers, the depth of the seabed around the structure is 10-12 meters. Most of it is hidden by water, sometimes at a depth of more than a meter. So even now it is quite possible to walk along it from beginning to end, either wandering along the stone canvas knee-deep in water, or going deeper to the waist and more.

damn channel

Large ships are still forced to sail around Sri Lanka, which takes an extra 800 kilometers, which is 30 hours of travel. To solve this problem, back in 1850, the English commander Taylor proposed to draw a canal through the Rama bridge. In 1955, Jawaharlal Nehru wished to implement this plan. Because the sacred places to destroy one's own people is somehow unethical, the government of the country in Supreme Court India has stated that there is no historical evidence of the construction of the bridge by Rama. Although the Ramayana is a holy book, it somehow does not count.

But real passions about the construction of the canal flared up already in the 21st century, when the Setusa Mudram corporation was formed for this. She even took up construction work at the site of the future canal, but for unknown reasons, part of the dredges was returned to the port due to breakages, including bucket teeth. An unexpected storm scattered the vessels involved in the construction and did not allow the work to continue. Hindu believers immediately declared that it was the monkey king Hanuman guarding his creation.

The Rama Bridge separates them and softens the terrible consequences of cyclones and tsunamis. So, according to scientists, the tsunami that hit India in 2004 and claimed tens of thousands of lives was significantly weakened by the Rama Bridge. Without this ancient "dam", there could have been much more victims. The Save Ram Sethu proclamation was signed by thousands of people. Defenders of the bridge propose to accept an alternative project: to dig a canal along the large sandbar near the village of Mandapam. Whether they will be heard by the Indian government remains to be seen.

Facts show: the bridge is man-made

In many ways, we are already accustomed to the fact that behind legends and myths reality and long-turned pages of the past of our planet are often hidden. Nevertheless, the images that NASA released a few years ago surprised even the inhabitants of Sri Lanka and India.

On them, with all the clarity that modern photographic equipment gives, a real bridge between the continent and Ceylon is visible. After the publication of the NASA images, the Indian newspaper The Hindustan Times reported that the images obtained by American satellites were evidence of the reality of Indian legends, and that the events narrated by the Ramayana, including the construction of the Rama Bridge, really took place.

However, NASA chose to distance itself from any specific statements. Yes, satellite photos clearly show the amazing geomorphology of the area. But, NASA says, "Remote sensing images from orbit alone cannot provide specific information about the origin or age of the island chain, and cannot determine human involvement in the origin of the object."

But the data that allows us to judge this was received by the Geological Survey of India 6SI. Its specialists examined the entire structure of the Rama Bridge. 100 boreholes were drilled in and around the bridge, and soil samples were carefully studied. Magnetic and bathymetric scans were carried out. As a result, it was found that a low underwater ridge (bridge) is a clear anomaly, since it appears at the bottom quite unexpectedly.

The ridge is a cluster of boulders measuring 1.5x2.5 meters in regular shape, consisting of limestone, sand and coral. These boulders lie on sea ​​sand, the thickness of which is from 3 to 5 meters. And only under the sand begins solid stone soil. The presence of free sand below the boulders obviously indicates that the ridge is not a natural formation, but laid on top of sandy soil. Some of the boulders are so light that they can float on water.

It seems strange, of course, that the bridge has simply an exorbitant width for the crossing of troops, and anything else. But that's by today's standards. Here is what Alexander Volkov, the director of the 2009 film, says documentary film"Rama's Bridge":

Legends say that it was built by monkey warriors who were of gigantic growth. And we even tried to illustrate in the film that the height of these giants was - you won't believe it - 8 meters! But, looking at this bridge, you involuntarily begin to believe in it - there is no point in building such a width for you and me. But for people who are eight meters tall, and at the same time have some kind of weapons, there probably appears a logic in the width of this bridge.

In general, there are many questions, of course, many. One such issue is the age of the bridge. Based on the legends, some Hindu theologians say that Rama's bridge is a million years old, others give a more modest age - 20 thousand years. Western researchers-alternatives put forward a really radical version - 17 million years. Even Indian academic science condescended to solving the problem and offered its own version - 3500 years, obviously linking construction with the Aryan conquest of India. However, with many ambiguities, it is clear that the Rama bridge is indeed artificial, man-made structure. The studies conducted by GSI, I dare to believe, have convincingly proved this.

Valdis PEYPINS