population of Vienna. Vienna - the capital of Austria, sights of the city, photo and description. Vienna area code

The city is the third city - the seat of the UN (after New York and Geneva). The International Vienna Center (the so-called UNO-City) includes the IAEA, UNODC, the UN Industrial Development Organization, etc. The headquarters of such international organizations as, for example, OPEC and the OSCE are located in Vienna.

The Old Town of Vienna was included in the UNESCO Cultural Heritage List in December 2001.

The city is located in the eastern part of Austria at the foot of the Alps, on the banks of the Danube, 60 km from the border with Slovakia. The Danube flows through Vienna with its branch Donaukanal and the river Vienna. Historically, the city developed south of the Danube, but in the last two centuries, Vienna has grown on both sides of the river. The highest altitude of the city above sea level is noted in the Germanskogel area (542 m), and the lowest - in Essling (155 m). The city is surrounded by the Vienna Woods.

The geographically advantageous position makes Vienna a very convenient place for developing diversified relations with Eastern countries. This became especially noticeable after 1989, when the so-called iron curtain “fell”. For example, only 60 km separate Vienna from the capital of Slovakia Bratislava - this is the most short distance between two capitals in all of Europe, excluding the Vatican and Rome.

The shape of Vienna resembles a circle crossed by the chord of the Danube River. Since Roman times, the city has expanded concentric circles. His central part, the so-called inner city (Innere Stadt), almost coincides with the administrative boundaries of the first district. Ring (Ring - ring) is a chain of boulevards that form a ring. The history of the Ring began in 1857, when the emperor decided to destroy the fortifications that were no longer needed. The Gürtel, a belt forming a concentric circle around the Ring, arose in 1890. It swallowed up the villages surrounding Vienna and the churches built on the site of the parish churches that surrounded the capital of the empire in the past. Behind the Gürtel is the so-called "Red Vienna", that is, the workers' quarters built by the socialists in 1923-1934.

The climate is subalpine, its formation is significantly influenced by the proximity to the mountains. Winter: average temperature air? 1,5 C, occasionally there are frosts from? 12 to? 18, snowfalls are frequent. Summer: the average air temperature is about +20 C. Atmospheric precipitation: 700-2000 mm per year.

Story
Vienna was originally a Celtic settlement called Vindobona, founded around 500 BC. e. and located on the site of the modern central district of the city. In 15 BC. e. the city was conquered by the XX legion "Gemina" and turned into an outpost of the Roman Empire, designed to protect the borders from the attacks of the Germanic tribes from the north. In the last period of Roman rule in Norica, Vindobona was called Fabiana (lat. Fabiana), named after the Fabian cohort (cohors Fabiana) who lodged in it. The Romans occupied Vindobona until the 5th century, after which it was burned.

Dwellings begin to spring up around the ruins of Vienna, and around 800 the St. Ruprecht Church, the oldest church in Vienna, is built.

In 881, the city was first mentioned under the name Wenia. The following references date back to the 1030s. Having withstood several attacks by the Slavs and Hungarians, by the 10th century Vienna had become an important trading city.

By the middle of the XII century. Vienna becomes the residence of the Austrian Dukes of Babenberg - in 1155, Duke Henry II of the Babenberg family built a house on the Am Hof ​​square.

Since 1278 Vienna has been a stronghold of the Habsburg dynasty.

In 1469, Pope Paul II gave Kaiser Frederick III permission to establish the Bishopric of Vienna.

In 1529 and 1683 Vienna was unsuccessfully besieged by the Turks. In 1679, a plague broke out in Vienna. The population of the city, which was 100 thousand people, decreased by a third. Since the 16th century, Vienna has become the capital of the multinational state of the Austrian Habsburgs; from the 17th century and especially in the 18th century, it became the focus of numerous court bureaucracy. Since the 18th century in Vienna, the manufacturing industry develops (textile production and the production of luxury goods). In the 18th - early 19th centuries, Vienna was an important center of world culture, especially music. In 1805 and 1809 Napoleon's troops entered Vienna. In 1814, the Vienna Congress was held in the city, which revised the political map of Europe. In 1867-1918 Vienna was the capital of Austria-Hungary.

In the first half of the XIX century. there was progress in the field of culture and art - the Biedermeier style arose, the founders of which were famous Viennese composers, artists and theater figures. Vienna is turning into a pan-European music center. The Biedermeier era ended with the revolution of 1848, in which the inhabitants of Vienna took an active part.

At the end of the XIX century. culture, science and education continue to flourish in Vienna. Is world famous University of Vienna and the Academy of Sciences. In 1897, representatives of the Viennese bohemia created the Secession group, which included K. Moser, G. Klimt, K. Moll and O. Wagner.

By the beginning of the XX century. Vienna - The largest city in Europe with a population of more than 2 million people (now - 1.6 million people). However, political events in Europe became a turning point for Vienna - with the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Republic during the First World War, Vienna is losing its former influence.

First World War led to the fall of the House of Habsburg, and the creation of the First Republic caused an economic decline in Vienna, generated by inflation and internal political struggle. In 1928, mass civil unrest broke out in Vienna, and in February 1934 the country was engulfed in civil war.

April 13, 1945 Vienna was liberated by the Red Army. In July 1945, an agreement was signed on occupation zones in Austria and on the administration of Vienna. The city was divided into 4 sectors of occupation: Soviet, American, English and French; the center was allocated for joint quadripartite occupation.

At present, Vienna is a major cultural and economic center of Western Europe.

Transport
Well developed in Vienna public transport. It is based on the Vienna Underground and the Vienna S-Bahn, which are complemented by a network of tram and bus routes. Autobahn network and railways connects Vienna with other cities in Austria and Europe. Single main station is under construction, long-haul flights are served by three main stations: South, West and Franz Josef Station. Vienna International Airport Vienna-Schwechat is located 18 kilometers southeast of the city center and is the largest and the most important airport Austria.

Sights of Vienna

The symbol of the city - St. Stephen's Cathedral(Stephansdom), patron saint of the Austrian capital. The cathedral is over 800 years old. Under the cathedral there are ancient catacombs - the burial place of representatives of the Habsburg dynasty, its interior decoration is simply bewitchingly beautiful, and a Turkish cannonball is embedded in its spire, which fell into the cathedral during the Turkish siege of the city in the 16th century. On the walls of Stephansdom you can see measures of length, size and weight, according to which in the Middle Ages they checked the goods when buying, and from its observation deck you can see great view to the Danube and Vienna. Opposite the cathedral lies the beautiful Stephansplatz square and the postmodern glass building commercial center Haas-Haus. The Graben Street departs from the square, the "heart of the city", another symbol of Vienna, on which such famous sights as the Peitzeuile column, the Sacher Hotel and the Peterskirche church are concentrated. The most fashionable shops are also located here. It is interesting to get acquainted with the nearby Michalerkirche, San Marie am Gestade, Franciskanerkirche, the neo-Gothic City Hall (1872-1883), one of the most beautiful squares in the world - Josefplatz with the Palace Chapel and Burgtheater (1874-1888) located on it, the building Parliament (1883), in front of which stands the statue of Pallas Athena, and the famous Vienna Opera (1861-1869) - the venue for the iconic annual Opera Ball.

A little southwest of the Graben and Josefplatz lies the majestic complex Imperial Palace Hofburg(XIII-XIX centuries), built on the site of the Bavarian fort (1278), which now houses a number of government organizations of the country and the OSCE. The premises of the palace house the Spanish Riding School - the famous Winter Manege of the Habsburgs (1735), the Schatzkammer treasure exhibition (in its collection the crown of the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian imperial crown were made in 962), a separate hall of the "Burgundian treasury" (regalia , ceremonial robes, jewels and relics of the Order of the Golden Fleece and the Dukes of Burgundy, including the "Sacred Spear" with which the crucified Christ was allegedly pierced), the imperial reception hall and the bedroom of Kaiser Franz Joseph.

In separate buildings of the complex there are the Vienna House of Arts, the unique Austrian National Library (XVIII century), which contains more than 2 million books, notes, manuscripts and ancient manuscripts, as well as the Augustinkirche court church and one of the richest art collections in the world - the Albertina Gallery (1800).

Near the Hofburg Palace there is a unique workshop of Petit Pointe, where handbags, brooches and miniature snuff boxes embroidered with tiny crosses have been made for many centuries.

You should definitely visit the Church of St. Ruprecht and the summer residence of the Habsburgs - Schönbrunn Palace, which has more than 1400 rooms and halls. Now it houses the Museum of Weapons, a collection of costumes and horse-drawn carriages "Wagenburg", beautiful park with fountains, a greenhouse and a zoo. Fine examples of architecture are located on a hill in the southeastern part of the city, the palace of Prince Eugene of Savoy - Belvedere Castle (1714-1723) with the Gallery of Austrian Art of the 19th-20th centuries. (the largest collection of Klimt, Schiele and Kokoschka) and the chambers of Archduke Ferdinand, the baroque Karlskirche (1739) and Stadtpark, the University, the palace of Count Manfeld-Fondi and the Vatican Church.

Pride of Vienna - beautiful parks, varied in their appearance and purpose. The Prater is considered the most "popular" park in Vienna (it has been operating since the 18th century) and is famous for the largest Ferris wheel in the world (65 m) and excellent restaurants. Dozens of musical performances and symphony concerts are regularly held in the old Augarten park. famous park The Vienna Woods, located in the vicinity of the capital, in the foothills of the Eastern Alps, is a whole forest area with its own towns and hotels, resorts and thermal springs. Bounded on one side by the picturesque Danube Valley and vineyards, and on the other by the famous resort area Baden and Bad Voslau, the "Viennese Forest" is a favorite holiday destination for the Viennese and visitors to the country.

There are certainly more in the Austrian capital interesting museums than in any other city in the world.

No tourist can resist the temptation to visit the famous Viennese cafes and restaurants, which are the same integral attribute of the city as Stephansdom or the "crooked house" Hundertwasser-haus. Viennese cafes are the oldest in the world. The most famous are the classical "Maria Theresa", the fashionable "Do-and-Co", the modernist "Museum", as well as "Mozart", "Fiacre", "Central", "Melange" and "Demel", where the most diverse audience gathers, Freud's favorite cafes are Landman, the respectable Sacher and Havelka, whose walls are decorated with paintings left as payment by famous artists, as well as Dommeyer, in which Strauss made his debut.

The restaurants of the capital are no less famous and charming. The historic "Piaristenkeller" has two museums of its own and offers dishes based on 18th century recipes. The Greichenbeisl restaurant is the oldest "drinking establishment" in Vienna; already in the 16th century, a tavern worked here. Almost everyone was in it. famous people countries and the world - from Bekhoven and Strauss, to Mark Twain and Chaliapin. Also famous are the Plaschutta restaurants on the Auhofstrasse, Temple on the Praterstrasse, Hansen and Stomach, as well as the wine cellars ("heuriger") of the Grinzing district. In total, there are more than 180 cozy "heurigers" in Vienna - from tiny, no larger than a living room, where regulars come from neighboring streets, to huge, luxuriously furnished halls where you can meet both a simple crown and an aristocrat from the "high society".

Viennese surroundings
The surroundings of Vienna are no less good than the capital itself. On the banks of the Danube, 70 km west of Vienna, lie the ruins of the Dürnstein fortress (XII century), the prisoner of which was the legendary English king Richard the Lionheart. In Tulln, in the castle of Atzenburg, concerts dedicated to Schubert are held all year round (in these places the estate of the uncle of the great composer was located, which he often visited). According to the Nibelungenlied, it was here that the first battle of the legendary Siegfried with the Hun king Etzel (Attila) took place. Nearby lie the ruins of the fortress of Araburg - the last stronghold of the Protestants in Austria. The Cistercian monasteries of the Heiligenkreutze are located 25 km southwest of Vienna. In Gumpoldskirchen rises the castle of the German knights with the parish church of St. Michael and the statue of St. Nepomuk on picturesque bridge, as well as the famous wine cellars. Very close to Vienna is the town of Klosterneuburg, where local monks have been producing wine for almost a thousand years, so the local winemaking school is considered one of the oldest in Europe.

The well-known saying that only Rome and Paris are worthy of each other, and there are no places in the world comparable to them, is not entirely true. After all attractions in austria are in no way inferior to Italian and French beauties. Picturesque alpine nature, ancient castles, different cities. But the palaces, parks, streets are most impressive. Vienna - the capital of Austria and, first of all, the famous “ring”, from where acquaintance with the city usually begins.In the 13th-14th centuries, there were fortress walls here that protected Vienna from the attacks of the Turks. But time passed, the political situation changed, the city grew. And in 1857, by decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I, it was ordered to demolish the wall and lay a boulevard in its place, and build buildings along it. Such a complex was conceived as a symbol of the greatness of the powerful Habsburg dynasty, which ruled almost all of Europe for almost 7 centuries. And this plan became a reality.

Ringstrasse - a street around the historic center of Vienna

Now along the Ringstrasse, more like a horseshoe than a ring, trams ride tourists. The 5-kilometer route gives you the opportunity to see the city park, the Austrian Parliament building, the town hall, the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Opera and many other monuments of architecture and history.

The building of the Austrian Parliament was built in just 9 years, it housed the Chamber of Deputies during the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy. After the fall of the Habsburg dynasty in 1918, the National and Federal Councils of the Austrian Parliament still work here.

The building was built in neo-Greek style, its main attraction is sculptural composition Pallas Athens and allegorical figures symbolizing the 4 most important rivers of Austria-Hungary: the Danube, Vltava, Inn and Elbe.

But the Vienna City Hall was built longer - from 1872 to 1883. During this period the capital of Austria grew rapidly, connecting with the suburbs. The population increased, and the administrative apparatus was added, which became cramped in the former Old Town Hall. The municipality decided to build a new building on the site of Glacis Square, where military parades used to be held. This caused dissatisfaction with the royal authorities, but in the end the parties managed to agree, and a new town hall was built.

The style of the building was chosen neo-Gothic in memory of the medieval Flemish town halls. At the top of its tower, a sculpture of a guard in the form of a standard-bearer was installed, which guards the peace of the townspeople.

But not only on the Ringstrasse there are masterpieces of architecture, no less magnificent museums in Vienna And palace ensembles located in other parts of the city.

Schönbrunn - a masterpiece of the Austrian baroque

A masterpiece of the Austrian Baroque, Schönbrunn is often called the main summer residence of the Habsburgs.

Now it is located 5 km from the city center, but in the 14th century there was a modest Katterburg estate, which belonged to the church, with a small house, a stable and a garden. In 1569, this place, with its pristine beauty and hunting grounds, attracted the attention of the Habsburgs, who built a castle here and in 1612 renamed it Schönbrunn (beautiful springs). INIn 1683 the castle was destroyed by the Turks. Emperor Leopold I decided to build a magnificent palace on the site of the ruins, modeled on Versailles. The work lasted intermittently for more than half a century, but they intensified during the reign of Maria Theresa, who turned Schonbrunn into a key place political life empire.Her husband Franz I set up a menagerie near the palace, which later became the famous zoo, the oldest in the world. He also bought the land to the west of the park, and founded greenhouses there with outlandish plants brought from the colonies.After the death of Maria Theresa, the importance of Schönbrunn declined somewhat, and it was used only as a summer imperial residence.Returned to its former glory park and palace ensemble Franz Joseph. He was born in Schönbrunn, loved it, developed and improved it.

The first mention of the Hofburg castle dates back to 1279. After coming to power, the Habsburgs constantly reconstructed and rebuilt the castle. Each of the emperors considered it his duty to expand this territory.They bought neighboring plots, demolished buildings on them and erected new palace buildings. The result is a completely asymmetrical complex, consisting of 19 different palaces and buildings and representing a mixture of many architectural styles. Here you can see Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance, Empire. WITHThe oldest building is the Swiss Courtyard, which houses the repository of imperial treasures and the Gothic Chapel, founded in the 15th century. The famous Vienna Boys Choir sings in the chapel.In the Spanish Arena, as before, the famous Lipizzan horses perform, which are born dark and gradually brighten during the first 10 years of life. Despite their impressive size, they are excellently trained and trained in the most difficult tricks.

The new Castle, built in the neo-Empire style, is not inferior in pomposity to its more ancient counterparts,

but there is a black page in his history. From the balcony of the New Castle on March 15, 1938, Hitler announced the "Anschluss". On the surviving old photo of Vienna, Austria froze at that moment in a Nazi salute. In 1945, it was time for retribution. The city was significantly damaged by the bombing of allied aircraft, and then it took a long time to restore everything.Austria learned a lesson from the experience of World War II and repented. And on the balcony of the New Castle desecrated by the possessed Fuhrer, no more politicians come out for public speeches.

Belvedere - small Versailles in the capital of Austria

The Belvedere was built summer residence Austro-Hungarian commander Eugene of Savoy.

First, the Lower Belvedere was erected (1714-1716). In this palace were the private quarters of the prince. A luxurious Marble Hall, a state bedroom, a grotesque hall and a marble gallery were built. The Lower Belvedere includes palace stables and a rich greenhouse.The Upper Belvedere was built 6 years later as the representative residence of the prince.After the death of Eugene of Savoy, the palace complex was bought by Maria Theresa, who continued its arrangement. At her direction, the imperial collection of paintings was transferred to the Upper Belvedere, and in 1781 one of the world's first public museums was opened there.Both palaces are surrounded by the first alpine garden in Europe, where compositions of trees, shrubs, hedges, fountains and sculptures are created. This fabulous garden is home to over 4,000 alpine plants that, blooming at different times, create original patterns on the lawns.

Spittelau - an unusual plant in Vienna

The Viennese love their city and take care of its ecology thoroughly and creatively. Well-groomed green spaces, impeccably clean streets are located not only in the historical part of the city, but also on the outskirts. Multi-colored containers for the separate collection of municipal solid waste have long been no longer confusing: from childhood, Austrians are taught to sort garbage.Plastic, paper, metal are recycled, the rest is burned at the Spittelau plant. This brainchild of the architect Hundertwasser is located near the center of Vienna, and it is certainly shown to tourists. A fabulous palace with colorful walls, a chimney and a “cap” on the roof is not only a landmark of the capital of Austria, but also a source of pride for its inhabitants.

Combustion products do not enter the atmosphere due to multi-stage cleaning, and steam, not smoke, comes out of the pipe. The resulting thermal energy heats the largest hospital in Vienna, the university buildings, the building of the police headquarters and more than 50,000 apartments.

Here she is, beautiful, well-groomed, practical and many-sided European capital Vienna reviews about its palaces, parks, boulevards make the hearts of millions of travelers tremble.

Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria, located in the northeastern part of the country. This is a metropolis with a unique charm, energy and atmosphere, the historical center of which is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Vienna is cultural capital Europe, a surprisingly romantic and open city that has retained its colossal historical heritage. Here among the spacious imperial squares and luxurious palaces amazing sights, monuments of architecture and masterpieces of art lurk.

Vienna is one of the most popular cities in Europe. The capital of Austria attracts gastronomic aesthetes with its culinary delights and restaurants, fashionistas - with their shops, bohemia - theaters, opera, exhibitions and museums. Vienna is considered the city of music and art. Brilliant composers lived and worked here: Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and Strauss, as well as many famous artists who turned the city into a treasure trove of Europe.

Vienna is located in the northeastern part of Austria at the foot of the Alps on the banks of the Danube. The river Vienna also flows here, which gave the name to the city. The capital of Austria lies on a hilly plain called the Danube. The surroundings are covered with forests, and vineyards grow on the slopes of the hills.

The climate is temperate with warm summers and mild winters. A little more than 600 mm of precipitation falls annually. The climate of Vienna is rather dry. In summer, the average temperature is about 20 degrees, in winter - about zero. With the invasion of cold eastern fronts, frosts of up to -10 degrees are possible.

Panorama of Vienna

The history of Vienna as a settlement began around the 1st century AD. On the site of the city until that time there were settlements of the Celts. In the middle of the 1st century, a Roman outpost arose on the territory of the present center of the capital. This small fortress bore the name of Vindobona.

The Celtic settlement of Vindobona, conquered by the Romans around 15 AD, was completely destroyed as a result of migration in the 4th-5th centuries. When the Roman legions left Vindobona, only a small village remained in its place. The name Vindobona is, apparently, a variant of the Celtic "Vedunia", which means "rapid stream" - a clear indication of the location of the village on the banks of the Danube River.

The Huns settled in the devastated city, followed by the Lombards, Avars, Slavic tribes.

In the 9th century, the troops of the emperor of the Franks approached the barbarian settlement, which was located on the site of the destroyed Vindobona. Charlemagne. The territory went to the dynasty Carolingian. In the northeast of Vindobona, the new ruler ordered the construction of a castle, at that time the temple of St. Ruprecht was also built. In the documents of 881 for the first time there is a new name of the city - Vienna.

The city was well located on a strategic trade route. This brought considerable income to the treasury and contributed to its development. From 1155 Margrave Henry II Babenberg declared prosperous Vienna the capital of Austria.

At the end of the XII century. the ruler of Vienna, Duke Leopold V, was involved in the capture of the English king Richard the Lionheart, who was returning home from the Crusade. For his release, a huge ransom was appointed - about 25 tons of silver, a huge amount for those times. The duke used the received silver to mint money, huge profits allowed him to expand the city and build new fortifications.

Panorama of Vienna

In the middle of the 13th century, the Babenberg dynasty came to an end, and Vienna was ruled by Habsburgs. A powerful dynasty established itself in the capital and ruled Austria until the 20th century. Frederick V Hasburg was crowned in Rome. He received the title of emperor, and Vienna actually became the capital of the empire. Since 1469, at the behest of the Pope, an episcopal department was established in the city.

Trouble came to Vienna in 1529 - the city was attacked by the Turkish army. The Turks were driven back from the city - the early start of winter helped the defenders of Vienna, moreover, an epidemic began in the ranks of the enemies. In the XVI century. a large-scale restoration of the walls of Vienna began.

The work had not yet been completed, when in 1684 the Turks reappeared under the walls of the city. This time, three Catholic armies united against them. The allies utterly defeated the eastern conquerors. The Turks never tried to take Vienna again.

The shelling of the city by Turkish artillery caused severe destruction. Many prominent Baroque architects came to Vienna to rebuild the city. The most significant buildings of that era are the residences of the king and the nobility, including the Schönbrunn Palace, as well as the Liechtenstein, Schwarzenberg and Belvedere palaces.

Another disaster threatened the city - the plague epidemic was already raging with might and main, devastating Europe. A third of the Viennese population died from the plague. Today, a plague column - Pestzoile - reminds of the terrible disease and the miraculous deliverance of the inhabitants from the epidemic.

The fall of the Habsburgs during World War I led to the decline of Vienna. A housing crisis came to the city, famine began. After the final collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Vienna was proclaimed the capital of the Republic of Austria. Then followed the period of establishing the regime of Austrofascism, and in 1938 Hitler proclaimed the Anschluss of Austria to Germany.

In the spring of 1945, the Red Army liberated Vienna. Now Soviet troops occupied the northeastern part of the city until 1955.

In the 16th century, Vienna became the center of the Habsburg Empire. The city is turning into one of the cultural, economic and political centers of Europe. In the first half of the XIX century. With the advent of the Biedermeier style, the founders of which were famous Viennese composers, artists and theatrical figures, the city has seen progress in the field of culture and art. Vienna is turning into a pan-European music center.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the troops of Napoleon Bonaparte entered the city several times. At the end of the XIX century. culture, science and education continue to flourish in Vienna. The University of Vienna and the Academy of Sciences are world famous.

By the beginning of the XX century. Vienna has become one of the largest cities in Europe with a population of over 2 million people. However, political events in Europe became a turning point for Vienna, with the defeat of Austria-Hungary in the First World War, Vienna is losing its former influence.

From the middle of the 20th century, another rise of Vienna began. Reconstruction was carried out historical center. The city has been restored to its former appearance, and modern Vienna is once again as beautiful as it was centuries ago.

How to get there

The international airport is located in the suburbs of Schwechat. Most European airlines and a significant number of intercontinental airlines have direct flights to Vienna. From the airport to the city can be reached by S-Bahn (S7) and buses. Most convenient way to get to the center - a nature train (Floridsdorf) to the Wien-Mitte station, and then you need to transfer to the U3 metro line to the center.

Vienna is one of the largest railway junctions. High-speed trains run from Munich, Budapest, Zurich and Prague. Other destinations: Dusseldorf, Cologne, Frankfurt, Nuremberg, Brno, Bratislava. The capital of Austria also has excellent car accessibility.

Vienna boasts one of the most famous culinary traditions in the world. A varied, but truly harmonious range of dishes reflects the combination of national and cultural traditions in the past a multinational empire. First of all, the capital of Austria is famous for its coffee, desserts - the famous Sacher cake, strudel, salzburger nockerln.

Traditional Viennese fast food is hot dogs and hot sausages, which can be bought at numerous Würstlstand eateries. Various Balkan and Turkish fast foods are also common. From traditional dishes it is worth highlighting the schnitzel with potato salad, slices of boiled beef with a side dish.

Attractions

Vienna is a city with rich history, the capital of a once mighty empire. Here you can find magnificent sights, historical buildings and cultural monuments. But especially Vienna is famous for its museums, theaters and art galleries.

The Hofburg is one of the symbols of Vienna's imperial past. A huge luxurious palace, which was the winter residence of the Habsburgs. In the Middle Ages, there was a castle, from which a small chapel has been preserved. The Hofburg was expanded into a magnificent residence when Vienna became the capital of Austria-Hungary. Nowadays, you can find almost any architectural style from gothic to modern. And in its halls there is a national library, a treasury, a museum of musical instruments, weapons and ethnography, and the famous "Spanish riding school".

The huge palace square - Heldenplatz (Heroes' Square) is also impressive. The equestrian statues of Archduke Charles, who won the Battle of Aspern against the troops of Napoleon (1809) and Prince Eugene of Savoy, who defeated the Turks, testify to the glorious past of Austria. Heroes' Square is not just a huge square in the center of the Austrian capital, it is one of the symbols of a glorious history.

Cathedral of St. Stephen

Cathedral of St. Stefan (Stephandom) is one of the most famous Viennese sights and one of the most significant masterpieces of European Gothic. The construction of the first church dates back to 1147. For a long time Stefandom was the tallest building in Europe - 137 meters. The old church was rebuilt in the Gothic style on the orders of Duke Rudolph IV. In 1359 he laid the cornerstone of the nave, and in 1433 the South Tower was completed.

Cathedral of St. Stefan is especially distinguished by a large beautiful roof and a high slender tower (136.7 meters). Interestingly, the number of medieval towers of this height in the world can be easily counted on one hand. Inside the cathedral there are many treasures of art, such as: the tomb of Prince Eugene of Savoy, one of the greatest commanders in Europe (1754), the Wiener Neustadt altarpiece, the pulpit of Anton Pilgram (1514-15), the tomb of Emperor Frederick III by Niklas Gerhart (1467-1513 BC) and a Gothic altar.

Cathedral of St. Stephen is the centerpiece of Viennese legends and stories. On the left side of the main entrance is a strange indent that was used to measure the size of a loaf of bread if the customer was unhappy with its size. The unfinished northern spire is attributed to a young architect who was in love with the daughter of the builder of the southern spire. Although the most likely reasons are financial problems due to the constant threat of a Turkish siege and the gothic going out of fashion. And dozens of such romantic, funny and mystical stories.

Church of St. Karla is a Baroque masterpiece and the largest Baroque church north of the Alps. It was built in 1715 by the famous Austrian architect Johann Fischer von Erlach. It was erected in honor of the vow of Emperor Charles VI in gratitude for deliverance from a severe plague epidemic and was dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo.

The church is located on one of the central squares of Vienna - "Karlsplatz". The square in front of the cathedral was rebuilt in the 1970s by one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century, Henry Moore.

The unusually wide pediment of St. Karla is made up of several contrasting elements that add to the unique and harmonious overall look in a surprising way. Two bells with an allegorical depiction of the life of St. Borromeo are reminiscent of the Italian Renaissance. They form the main portal, reminiscent of a Greek temple. The oval nave of the church has a beautiful dome (72 m high), spectacularly decorated inside.

Anchor (anchor) clock

Anchor (anchor) clock is located on the oldest square in Vienna "Hoher Markt" and represents the Art Nouveau style. The clock was built in the early 20th century by von Matz and forms a bridge between the two parts of the Anker insurance building. For 12 hours, twelve historical figures move along this kind of "bridge". Among them are the medieval lyricist Walter von der Vogelweid, Empress Maria Theresa and Prince Eugene of Savoy. Every day at exactly noon, the clock "beats" a small show, accompanied by music from different eras.

Gazebo

Belvedere is one of the most beautiful palace complexes in the Austrian capital. It consists of two magnificent palaces in the middle of a magnificent park. The Belvedere was built for Prince Eugene of Savoy by the famous baroque master von Hildebrandt. Interestingly, the palace complex was originally located outside the city walls, but today it is part of the third district of Vienna, which is located near the historical center. The architecture and design of the Belvedere halls is made in the Rococo style. Currently, both palaces house museums with Austrian paintings from the 18th-20th century. The park is a collection of over 4,000 plants from the Alpine ecosystem. It is especially beautiful in spring and summer.

Ring Boulevard

Ring Boulevard is the main avenue of Vienna. It is a boulevard ring 4 km long, which encircles the center of the Austrian capital. The ring boulevard was founded in 1857 by Franz Joseph I. It was built on the site of the old fortress walls and fortifications. Walking here you can look at a large number of monumental historical buildings of various architectural styles.

National Theater

The National Theater (Burgtheater) is located in the first district of Vienna opposite the town hall on the famous ring boulevard. This is a monumental building of the late 19th century, the facade of which is lined with white marble. It is one of the most famous theaters in Europe.

Vienna Opera

The Vienna Opera is located in the very center of Vienna in the southern part of Kärntnerstrasse. This is one of the most famous opera houses peace. The opera house was built in the second half of the 19th century in the style of the Italian Renaissance.

Prater

The Prater is Vienna's most popular entertainment fair. Its most significant part is the huge Ferris wheel. It was established at the end of the 19th century in honor of the anniversary of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph. The height of the Ferris wheel is 60 meters.

Bluthgasse

Bluthgasse is an area of ​​narrow winding streets, medieval and baroque buildings. This area is located near the Cathedral of St. Stephen

Maria am Gestade

Maria am Gestade is one of the oldest buildings in the capital of Austria, a 14th-century Catholic church in the Gothic style. Located in the northern part of the historical center.

Scottish monastery

The Scottish Monastery is a Benedictine monastery founded in the 12th century. Located in the central part of Vienna on Freyung Square.

Austria is a highly developed country based on a market economy. It is located in the center of Europe and has no access to the sea. More than half of the country's territory (western and central lands) is occupied by the Eastern Alps. In the northeast is the southern part of the Bohemian Massif, which then passes into the Vienna Basin. On the eastern border with Slovakia is the Danube Lowland. I wonder what is remarkable about this capital?

Vienna just 100 years ago was the capital of the dualistic Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the second largest state in Europe (676 thousand sq. Km) after Russia. The Austrian part of the country included such remote provinces as the Polish-Ukrainian Galicia and the Italian Trieste.

Vienna is the capital of the German nation in the past, then the multinational 50 million Austria-Hungary and in our time Austria. Being located in the city itself can be described as a combination of German reliability, Slavic moderation and Southern elegance. What can boast Austrian capital?

Vienna is one of the leading business centers in the European Union. The economic policy was determined by the finance and insurance sectors. The capital of Austria is a traditional venue for international meetings, conferences and congresses. UN Office in Vienna - third main office organizations after those in New York and Geneva. In addition, organizations such as the OECD and the IAEA are also located here.

rich and historical capital. Vienna is a temple of classical music lovers: the famous Vienna Philharmonic, the Vienna Chamber Orchestra and the Vienna Boys Choir are located here. Great classics worked here: Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, as well as the “king of the waltz” Johann Strauss (son).

What is worth seeing in Vienna?

1. Belvedere Palace - On May 15, 1955, the Upper Belvedere Marble Hall became the site of the historic signing of the treaty establishing an independent and democratic Austria.
2. Museum of Art History with a collection of European paintings and art objects.
3. Albertina is a museum founded in the 17th century. It houses one of the largest collections of graphics in the world.
4. Imperial crypt in the basement of the Capuchin Church on the Neuer Markt.
5. A Spanish riding school performing in costume shows featuring Lipizzan horses.
6. The Karlskirche is one of the most beautiful baroque churches in the world.
7. Freyung - a magnificent square with an Austrian fountain (1846)
8. Graben, Kärtner Strasse, Kohlmarkt - streets with exclusive shops.

An interesting fact is that the Austrian capital Vienna and Bratislava in Slovakia are the two capitals of the European Union closest to each other. Their borders are only 60 km apart. A trip from one city to another on the Twin City Liner catamaran takes only 75 minutes.

It is known that from the Roman border camp called Vindobona, based on the site of former Celtic settlements, Vienna appeared. The capital of which country in Europe can still tell so much deep history your foundation? After all, its beginning dates back to the 15th year BC.

Vienna, the capital of Austria, is deservedly considered one of the most comfortable and beautiful cities Central . In that old City thousands of tourists come every year to enjoy picturesque places of this city, feel the spirit ancient history, to touch the famous cultural and historical values, and, of course, to relax and have fun. For those who are not too familiar with this city and no, no, yes, and are wondering " Vienna city of which country?”, we have prepared this short excursion, which, we hope, will help not only to learn a lot of interesting things about this city, but also to plan a trip here on your next vacation.

- The population of Vienna according to 2012 is 1.73 million people.

– The area of ​​Vienna is 415 km².

- Euro is used as the currency.

— The population of the city is particularly friendly and hospitable.

— There are a lot of Russian-speaking people in Vienna, so when walking around the city, you will surely hear Russian speech. As a rule, these are immigrants from Russia, Ukraine, who moved to permanent residence, many of whom opened their own business in the field of tourism.

— In Vienna, since the end of the 19th century, tap water has been supplied to the taps of the townspeople's houses from mountain springs, thanks to which it is considered the cleanest city water in the world.

- Holidays in city ​​Vienna Austria really a weekend, so most shops, pharmacies and other establishments are closed these days.

- Going to a restaurant to eat, you can not be afraid to leave hungry. You will be surprised by the gigantic portions at a moderate price.

What to see in Vienna Austria

The amazing city of Vienna is simply overflowing with sights. There are many magnificent ancient palaces, cathedrals, huge areas, green squares and fabulously cute and cozy streets, therefore, to get around, see everything and at least get to know the architecture and history of the city, even a week is not enough. The city of Vienna surprisingly combines history and modern life, it is a city where famous artists, musicians and architects lived, so it is especially loved by art lovers and it is not for nothing that it is considered the heart of Europe. There are many places in Vienna connected with the life and work of great composers such as W. Mozart, L. Beethoven, J. Strauss, F. Schubert, J. Brahms.
Baroque city - Vienna capital of Austria attracts romantics and lovers, because it has its own special atmosphere - it is an elegant city full of music, fragrant with the aromas of coffee and pastries, intoxicating with local wines. But in addition to architectural sights, this city is also famous for its nature - the boundless vineyards and lush greenery of the Vienna Woods are breathtaking. You will be amazed by the picturesque landscapes, the lush greenery of centuries-old trees and the invigorating crystal clear air. This city is not alien and idle life. Numerous casinos, restaurants, bars, clubs and discos with their doors wide open welcome visitors, promising a fun pastime and a charge of emotions.

When visiting the city of Vienna, treat yourself to Viennese cuisine

viennese cuisine- this is another pride of the city of Vienna, Austria, however, all became famous for its culinary culture. But Viennese cafes deserve special attention, because they have become an integral part of the city's history, and all because Viennese coffee houses are the oldest in the world. Numerous and varied, pompous and magnificent or democratic and simple - they are always happy to treat the traveler with fragrant coffee and magnificent pastries.

Vienna, the capital of Austria, deserves your attention!

The city of vienna invites you on an unforgettable journey. And, believe me, it is worth doing at least once in your life! However, once visiting this charming city, you will certainly decide to come here again, because this city is full of interesting places, which are simply impossible to see at once.