Buildings that have not survived to this day. The oldest buildings in the world
Modern building technologies have evolved over the years, but I highly doubt that Metro or Pyaterochka will last as long as the ancient Egyptian pyramids.
10. Chivik Tomb, Sweden
The royal tomb was built in Scandinavia during the Bronze Age, about 3,000 years ago.
The tomb, built 3,200 years ago, was only opened in 1975. During its study, archaeologists found the remains of a hundred people and their property - bronze bracelets and ceramic buttons.
The tomb was built in the Bronze Age, over 3250 years ago. The treasury of King Anreus until the construction of the Roman Pantheon was considered the largest domed structure of that time.
Karal is the ruins of an ancient large settlement which are located in the Peruvian province of Barranca. Currently, Caral is considered the oldest city in America, built over 4600 years ago.
The pyramid was built for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser about 4700 years ago. This complex is the oldest stone building in the world.
The tomb was built approximately 5,000 years ago. Archaeologists found the remains of more than 40 people in the burial. Paleoanthropologists found traces of simple dental operations on some turtles.
This is a prehistoric monument and the oldest building in Ireland, which was erected approximately 5100 years ago.
The building was built between 5200 and 4800 years ago. Most likely, this grandiose monument was a temple or an altar.
The exceptionally well-preserved stone house is the oldest building in Europe. It was built approximately 5500 years ago.
Free-standing structures were built over 5,500 years ago and have been used as religious temples. They are considered the oldest prehistoric temples in the world.
How old is architecture? Experts are sure that the first structures on Earth appeared long before our era. At the same time, ancient buildings sometimes look simply amazing. Even the question arises - who really built the most ancient buildings, fragments of which have survived to this day.
Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara recognized as the oldest building on the planet. The building was built by the Egyptians, and it is even known that the name of the ancient architect was Imhotep. The pyramid was built around 2650 BC. This is the first such structure, other Egyptian pyramids arose much later. The height of the building is 62 meters, and the size of the base is 121 * 109 meters.
Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara
In Europe, the oldest is settlement of Skara Brae. This is an amazing architectural monument, which is located on the islands of Scotland. The settlement is very well preserved, and allowed scientists to learn the details of the life of ancient people. There are 10 houses here that were built around 2500 BC. Ancient dwellings struck with their well-equipped. The researchers claim that there were covered passages, heating, bathrooms and water supply.
Skara Brae, Scotland
Stonehenge in England is not only very ancient building, but also an architectural mystery of all times. The age of the buildings is from 1100 to 3500 BC.
Stonehenge in England
Is a real work ancient architecture. It was built around 1473 BC. The building was created by an incredibly talented architect. The temple rests on massive columns, its whole appearance is attractive and harmonious.
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut in Egypt
famous statue Great Sphinx appeared around 1400 BC. huge statue 20 meters high and 73 meters long stands on the banks of the Egyptian Nile River. Here are the tombs of the pharaohs - the Sphinx seems to guard their peace.
statue of the Great Sphinx
IN ancient city Rome preserved Mamertine dungeon. The countdown of its existence is from 578 BC. Criminals were kept here, but as it turned out, not all of them were guilty. According to legend, it was here that the apostles Peter and Paul spent their last days. The dungeon is located at the base of the Capitol Hill.
Mamertine Dungeon, Rome
It is the oldest building in Russia. The years of its construction from 1475 to 1479. The temple was built by Russian masters under the guidance of the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti. The building is well preserved thanks to numerous restorations. Sometimes services are held here even today.
Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin
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Thursday, September 1, 2011
Moscow is an ancient city, and sometimes, walking along the old streets, examining the ancient churches and chambers of the 17th century, we ask ourselves: “Which house is the oldest in Moscow? Well, that is, absolutely the oldest? It is not so easy to answer this question, because many ancient houses have been rebuilt for centuries, and to install exact time construction is not always easy even for restorers. But, nevertheless, we will try to systematize the selection of the oldest buildings in Moscow according to various parameters. The list can be divided into two parts: the first - ancient buildings (the oldest chambers, the most old church, etc.), and the second one is the oldest building in other respects, for example, the first gas station, railway station, etc. They are already relatively modern buildings in themselves. Also, let's not deprive the attention of the lost buildings. So, the oldest houses and buildings in Moscow —>
Most ancient building Moscow (and the oldest temple) - the Spassky Cathedral of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery. Years of construction: 1420-1425.
It is considered the most ancient temple in Moscow, although not completely preserved. And, accordingly, the oldest building in Moscow, because at that time almost no stone civil buildings were built, at least nothing has survived to our time since the beginning of the 15th century. And the oldest fortifications are the Kremlin wall, already at the end of the 15th century. According to chronicles, the monastery itself was founded in 1357. After the fire of 1368, in which the original wooden cathedral of the Andronikov Monastery burned down, the stone Spassky Cathedral was built from the plinth, from which white stone reliefs with fragments of zoomorphic and plant compositions, archaic in their style and execution, have been preserved. Between 1420 and 1425 the Cathedral of the Savior was rebuilt again, and the white-stone temple of that time has survived to this day. It is a single-dome, four-pillar, three-apse temple. Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny took part in the painting of the cathedral (only fragments of floral ornaments on the slopes of the windows have survived from the original frescoes). In the 19th century, the cathedral underwent significant changes, which began with a partial restoration of the destruction that occurred in 1812. In 1846-1850, according to the project of the architect P. Gerasimov, the porches were rebuilt, two chapels were built from the north and south of the cathedral, a tent top was built above it, and significant alterations were made inside the building. And, the twentieth century the temple met in this form:
In 1934, in connection with the proposed demolition of the entire Spaso-Andronikov Monastery, the monument was measured and examined by the architect P.N. Maksimov and drafted a restoration project. The work on this monument, published in 1940 by the Academy of Architecture, finally gave everyone a clear idea of the architectural value of the Spassky Cathedral. In 1959-1960. the building of the cathedral was reconstructed in its original forms according to the project of L.A. David and S.S. Podyapolsky. However, the reconstruction of the lost upper part of the temple (the number of kokoshniks at the base of the drum, the shape of the dome, the proportions of the drum) and pre-portal stairs remain controversial. Compared old photo with a view after the reconstruction, you can judge what is left of the original temple of the XV century:
In conclusion, it should be said that the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery itself is by no means the oldest in Moscow. The most ancient is considered Svyato-Danilov, founded by the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich (Daniel of Moscow), the youngest son of Prince Alexander Nevsky at the end of the 13th century. But, such ancient buildings were not preserved there.
The oldest civil building in Moscow is the faceted chamber in the Kremlin. Years of construction: 1487 - 1491.
Photo taken from here: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber of Facets
Built in 1487 - 1491 by decree of Ivan III by Italian architects Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari. The name is taken from the eastern facade, finished with faceted stone rust (diamond rust), characteristic of Italian Renaissance architecture. Sometimes it is mistakenly considered that the name comes from the main hall of the chamber, located on the second floor. The hall is covered with cross vaults resting on the central pillar, which give the ceiling a kind of “cutting”. It was originally called the Grand Chamber. It was built on the site of an ancient gridni (dining room). The Great Chamber was the front waiting room of the palace. Next to the Grand Chamber, the Middle Chamber was built. In front of the Middle Chamber, the Upper Porch (Front Passages) was built. Between the staircase at the Great Chamber and the middle staircase was the Red Gate, which led from the inner courtyard of the palace to the square. middle stairs led to the vestibule of the Middle Chamber. The Middle Chamber has been called the Middle Golden Chamber since 1517, or simply the Golden Chamber. Behind the middle chamber was the Dining Hut. Behind the Dining Hut there were towers. In 1681, the Dining Hut and the Middle Golden Chamber were dismantled. In the 16th century, the walls and vaults in the interior of the chamber were painted with frescoes. In 1668, the painting was resumed by Simon Ushakov, having compiled a detailed inventory of the plots. Contemporary painting was made by Palekh icon painters in 1881 in accordance with the inventory of Ushakov. The Faceted Chamber was redesigned in 1684 by the architect Osip Startsev. The double lancet windows were hewn and decorated with ornate white stone architraves with columns entwined with vines. During the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace in 1838-1849, the building was integrated into the complex with the Terem Palace and the Grand Kremlin Palace. Through the Holy vestibule it connected with the Vladimir Hall. The Faceted Chamber is the main ceremonial reception hall of the Grand Duke's Palace. It hosted meetings of the Boyar Duma, meetings of the Zemsky Sobors, festivities in honor of the conquest of Kazan (1552), the victory at Poltava (1709), the conclusion of the Nystadt peace with Sweden (1721). Here, at the Zemsky Sobor in 1653, a decision was made to reunite Ukraine with Russia. For the queen and the children of the king, a secret viewing tent was set up in the Faceted Chamber. The viewing tent was located on the western side of the chamber, above the Holy Entrance, opposite royal seat(throne). A viewing grill was inserted into the window. The lattice was hung with a curtain. In the observation tent, the queen and children watched various magnificent ceremonies, including the receptions of ambassadors. On south side facade is a staircase, which is now called the "Red Porch". Russian tsars and emperors passed along it to be crowned in the Assumption Cathedral. The last procession took place during the coronation of Nicholas II in 1896. In 1930, the staircase was removed by order of I. V. Stalin and in 1994 restored again. The area in front of the entrance to the Faceted Chamber was called the Red Porch. All petitioners who brought petitions addressed to the tsar were to stand at the Red Porch. Petitions collected duma clerks. At the Red Porch and in the cellars of the Faceted Chamber there was a guard of archers. Currently, the Faceted Chamber is one of the representative halls at the Presidential Residence Russian Federation.
The oldest civil building outside the Kremlin is the English Court in Zaryadye. Years of construction: late XV - early XVI century. 
These white-stone residential chambers appeared in the 15th century and belonged to the bed-keeper Ivan Bobrischev, also known by the nickname "Yushka". Since the latter, apparently, left no heirs, in the next century the building became state-owned and was somewhat rebuilt. In 1553, Sir Richard Chancellor discovered the northern sea route connecting England with Russia. In 1556, Tsar Ivan the Terrible, who was interested in establishing trade relations with Europe, “welcomed the British in Moscow by court”, giving them the right to free and duty-free trade in all Russian cities, serious customs benefits, and a number of other trade privileges. This state of affairs served as the basis for the creation in London in 1555 of the trading Moscow company. The British supplied Russia with weapons, gunpowder, saltpeter, lead, pewter, and cloth. In return, they exported wood, hemp, ropes, wax, leather, blubber, and furs. As premises for the Moscow office, the British merchants were given a house in Zaryadye. Like many merchant houses of that era, the building combined front rooms with extensive storage and utility rooms (goods were lifted along the wall to the warehouse window using a simple block). For its maintenance, the English embassy daily received a quarter of an ox, 4 rams, 12 chickens, 2 geese, one hare or black grouse, 62 loaves of bread, 50 eggs, a quarter of a bucket of Mediterranean wine, 3/4 buckets of beer, half a bucket of vodka and 2 buckets of honey. Trade relations with England were severed in 1649, when the execution of King Charles I in Great Britain provoked a deep diplomatic crisis between Russia and England. By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, British trade and diplomatic representatives were expelled from the country, and the property of the Moscow Company was confiscated. After the British, the chambers were owned by a relative of the tsar, boyar I.A., for 20 years. Miloslavsky. After the death of Miloslavsky, the chambers again became the property of the state and were assigned to the Posolsky order, and at the end of the 17th century they were allocated under the metochion of the Metropolitan of Nizhny Novgorod. At the beginning of the 18th century, Tsar Peter I organized here one of the first Arithmetic Schools in Russia. In the middle of the 18th century, the chambers passed into private ownership, and during the 18th-20th centuries, representatives of various merchant families (Solodovnikovs, Milas, etc.) owned the building. Various owners constantly rebuilt the building, and by the middle of the 20th century, the chambers of the Old English Court on Varvarka had completely lost their original appearance and were considered irretrievably lost. In Soviet times, the house was used for residential apartments and various institutions. From 1949 to 1966 it housed the Foreign Literature Library. This is how the rebuilt and built-on English Court looked before the restoration of the 1960s:
In the mid-1960s, when Zaryadye had already been demolished, the restorer Pyotr Baranovsky discovered this monument of history and culture behind later layers. Baranovsky insisted on preserving the monument, since a car ramp was supposed to be built in its place. In the course of his research in 1968-1969, the historical basis of the monument, hidden by the structures of later additions, was revealed, and a comprehensive study was carried out. Then, based on the information collected in 1970-1972, the chambers were returned (with a certain degree of approximation) to the appearance that they had at the end of the 16th century. According to the data preserved in the masonry itself, window and door openings, hewn at a later time, as well as lost decorative elements, were restored. Where evidence of the most ancient forms did not survive at all, later reconstructions were left. For example, wide window openings of the end of the 18th century were left on the eastern facade of the building.
The oldest civil building outside the Earthen City - travel palace Basil III. Years of construction: end of the 16th century.
The travel palace of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily III (father of Ivan the Terrible) was discovered on Staraya Basmannaya Street (house 15). The find was a real scientific discovery, because it was previously believed that this beautiful legend and nothing remains of the former palace. The modest-looking mansion turned out to be a double monument. As it turned out during the restoration, the building served as the basis for the construction of the Golitsyn estate. Now the house of the Golitsyn estate of the 18th century is located on top. Inside is a travel palace, as historians suggest, the father of Ivan the Terrible Vasily III. The white-stone masonry of the end of the 16th century was discovered when the restoration of the later part, the Golitsyn part, began. The layout of the palace has been preserved almost completely. Historians found out that they built this kind of royal hotel on special place. Here they met the famous icon of Vladimir Mother of God in 1395, which, according to legend, saved Rus' from the invasion of Tamerlane. Unfortunately, historical monuments suffered from the invasion of unprofessional restorers. At first, time worked on the appearance of the house on Staraya Basmannaya, and then plasterers and painters from neighboring countries. This is how the building looked before the recent unsuccessful restoration:
It is impossible to get inside the building: the new tenants of the royal chambers prefer to keep the doors locked. So far, the priceless white stone vaults have been sealed with drywall. Restorers do not lose optimism: the owners change, but the building remains. It is hoped that in the future it will be possible to carry out some more work.
The oldest residential building today is the Golitsyn Chamber. Years of construction - the second half of the XVII century.
Chambers Golitsyn (Krivokolenny pereulok, 10) - the oldest of the buildings that are still residential. Three stone buildings main building and two long side wings) with fragments of buildings of the late 17th - early 18th centuries constituted a city estate, from the 1760s. owned by P.F. Golitsyn and already then had a symmetrical layout, which makes it an early example of building according to an ordered planning scheme. The outbuildings are placed on the red line with their ends, the main building is moved deep into the yard. Previously, it was believed that the 17th century chamber was preserved only on the first floor of the main house, but a few years ago, restorers discovered that the second, and even the third floors were also built at the same time, in the 17th century! Vaulted chambers with 2-sided lighting, fragments of profiled brick cornices were found in the outbuildings. In 1859 the buildings were expanded with extensions and received their own modern look. The house is still inhabited to this day. From the side of the courtyard, a very picturesque front garden with a hammock and tables adjoins the house:
Competitor to this building, until recently, were the built-on chambers of the Guryevs, who stood in the neighboring Potapovsky Lane. Also a residential building, but due to a fire in 2009, it was evicted.
The oldest five-story building is the malting house in the Simonov Monastery. Years of construction: XVI - second half of the XVII centuries.
Photo taken from here: http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/alex-raduga/view/33947/?page=0
The height of this building is really impressive - we see a five-story building of the 16th-17th centuries! Four floors, and a high attic, which is essentially the fifth floor. According to surviving documents, this building was intended to store the monastery's food supplies. For all the modesty of its architecture, the hand of an experienced architect is also visible here, skillfully using the arrangement of window openings for the rhythmic articulation of the facade and building a spectacular gallery that once existed on pillars with a wide staircase. From the east, to the end wall of the building, at one time richly decorated with a figured pediment, a second staircase rose, leading to the third floor, which was due to the unwritten rule to have external rather than internal stairs. The first floor of the dryer, which consisted of two chambers on the sides of the vestibule, testifies to the influence of the layout of residential buildings. The hall rooms of the second and third floors (the vaults of the second are now broken), striking with an abundance of light, speak of the impact of the new planning forms of public and industrial buildings of that time. The competitor to this building is the Terem Palace in the Kremlin, which, in fact, is also 5-storey, but everything is not so obvious there, the upper floors were built in the 17th century on earlier chambers, and its volume turned out to be stepped, not as vertical as the malt shop.
Part 2.
The second part is represented by relatively new buildings, but nevertheless, according to certain parameters, they are the oldest - this is the very first train station, the oldest mosque and Catholic church, the oldest gas station that has survived today.
The oldest railway station is Leningradsky (Nikolaevsky). Years of construction - 1844-1849.
The station building was built in 1844-1849 according to a single project of architects K. A. Ton and R. A. Zhelyazevich. The construction was carried out by the Board of the IV District of Communications and Public Buildings, the sole contractor was the merchant of the 1st guild A. L. Torletsky. Built for the Petersburg (later Nikolaevsky) railway station in Moscow and the Moscow railway station in St. Petersburg Petersburg-Moscow railway, the movement of which began in 1851. In 1934, the Oktyabrsky railway station was refurbished: ticket offices expanded, inquiry Office, post office, telegraph, savings bank, room for transit passengers. In the former royal chambers, a room for mother and child was organized. In 1948-1950, the interior of the station was renovated, the interiors were re-finished. The next major restructuring took place in 1977 - the station was reconstructed, new buildings were built. Near the station from the side of the Yaroslavsky station there is a ground pavilion of the Komsomolskaya metro station.
This is how the Nikolayevsky railway station looked like in the middle of the 19th century. Leningrad Station has 10 tracks, 5 of which serve long-distance trains, 5 - suburban trains. Initially, the station had a landing stage where trains entered. However, in the mid-70s, the landing stage was liquidated, and in 1977 a Big hall Leningradsky railway station.
The oldest gas station. Years of construction - 1930s.
The oldest of the currently operating gas stations in Moscow, the only gas station within the Boulevard Ring, is located on Volkhonka, opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, a stone's throw from the Kremlin. There is a version that her project was created by the famous architect Alexei Dushkin. A few years ago, almost antique speakers stood on it - like in the old Soviet films. Now, instead of them, modern devices, but everything else - the roof, columns, booth with a cash register - remained untouched. The gas station is still in operation, but, as before, gasoline is dispensed only for cars from the Kremlin garage, so common man you won't be able to get here. There is also the same gas station in the area of Clock Street, but it is now standing in the yard and abandoned ...
The oldest Catholic church. Years of construction: 1833-1835.
This is the oldest surviving Catholic church. Located at the address: Malaya Lubyanka, 12/7S8. In 1789, the French living in Moscow filed a petition for permission to build a Catholic church. After receiving permission from the Moscow authorities and its approval by Empress Catherine II, a small wooden church was built on the site between Malaya Lubyanka and Milyutinsky Lane. Consecration of the church in the name french king Saint Louis IX took place on March 30, 1791. In the 19th century, the construction of a modern temple building was carried out on the site of the former one. Construction began in 1833 and completed two years later. The temple was built according to the project famous architect A. O. Gilardi. The consecration took place, however, only on June 17, 1849, as evidenced by the marble plaque in the altar of the church. At the church of St. Louis, there were two gymnasiums - the men's gymnasium of St. Philip Neri and St. Catherine; as well as the charitable shelter of St. Dorothea. It should be noted that the Church of St. Louis was not closed after the October Revolution, and the service in it (though with very significant interruptions) continued. In 1992, the entire complex of buildings that belonged to it until 1917, including the building of the lyceum, was transferred to the church. It is worth saying that the first Roman Catholic church in Moscow was the church (church) of Peter and Paul, opened in 1705 in the German settlement at the direction of Peter I. But this church lasted only until 1838.
The oldest mosque is "historical" in the Tatar settlement. Years of construction - 1823, rebuilt in the 1880s.
The Moscow Historical Mosque is the oldest mosque in Moscow, founded in 1823, although the mosque existed on this site before the fire of 1812, at least in the 18th century. Located at the address: Bolshaya Tatarskaya street, 28 (inside the block), in historical center Tatar community of Zamoskvorechye. The mosque that existed in Moscow at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries in the courtyard of the translator of the Foreign College, Prince Shulamit-Murza Siminei, after the plague, when most of the mosque's parishioners, including the prince himself, died, was sold by his heirs to the merchant Shchukin and destroyed by fire in 1812 of the year. In August 1816, Muslim merchants petitioned to allow the construction of a new mosque, but were refused. Only at the end of 1823 did the community receive permission to set up a prayer house in the possession of Nazarbay Khashalov, a merchant from outside Moscow, on the condition that it "would not be called a mosque ..." and "... being ordinary with other houses, it did not have the slightest sign of a mosque on the outside." The mosque operated under the guise of an ordinary one-story house until 1880, when permission was received to rebuild it with a minaret and a dome. Imam-hatib of the mosque were Rafik Ageev, Khayretdin Ageev and Abdulla Shamsutdinov. In 1939, the historical mosque was closed, the minaret was demolished, even earlier in 1936 the last imam of the mosque, Abdulla Shamsutdinov, was repressed and shot. The building of the mosque housed the military registration and enlistment office and workshops. The mosque has been operating again since 1993.
This is how the mosque looked at the beginning of the 20th century. View from Bolshaya Tatarskaya Street (now the mosque and the street are separated by a Soviet five-story building).
Part 3. Lost.
Many ancient buildings, both temples and chambers, as well as city walls, built in the XIV-XV centuries, have been lost, and have been lost for quite a long time. All of them in the XV-XVII centuries were replaced by new ones. But there is an example of one ancient church that survived until the 1930s ...
The oldest building in Moscow (destroyed) is the Cathedral of the Savior on Bor. Years of construction: 1328-30.
Cathedral of the Transfiguration on Bor - a monastery cathedral located in the Moscow Kremlin, in the courtyard of the Bolshoi Kremlin Palace. The name "on Bor" came from those surrounding the temple coniferous forests, which gave the name to the Borovitsky hill itself. According to some information, a wooden temple on Borovitsky hill ("on the Bor") was built in 1272, a small stone cathedral - in 1328-30. Grand Duke Ivan I Kalita founded the Spasoborsky Monastery under him, transferring monks from the Danilov Monastery to it. In 1490 the monastery under the name of Novospassky was transferred to a new location. Initially, the single-domed three-apse cathedral was repeatedly supplemented with new parts and rebuilt: in 1350, the western narthex and the northwestern chapel appeared, in 1478 - a new refectory, in the middle of the 16th century. - aisles of the Three Saints (northern) and Guria, Samon and Aviv (southern). At the end of the XVIII century. the cathedral was restored by M.F. Kazakov. Some researchers believe that he dismantled the temple and rebuilt it from bricks in the forms of the 16th-17th centuries. The Church of the Savior-on-Boru was demolished on May 1, 1933, despite the protests of such prominent restorers as P. D. Baranovsky. The ancient bells from the belfry entered the funds of the Moscow Kremlin. A 5-storey service building was built on the site of the cathedral. Starting with the book "Forty Forties", the assertion spread in popular literature that toilets for the nomenklatura were erected on the site of the temple. Recovery plans for one of ancient temples Moscow has not yet been considered. There is an urban legend according to which fate unique temple decided the servility of Stalin's officials. As if once Stalin was driving by in a car, and saw from the window that firewood was lying next to the temple. "Disgrace, remove!" he muttered. Since no one dared to ask again what exactly to remove, the firewood was taken out, and the church was demolished.
All old photos are taken from http://oldmos.ru/
New made by us, unless otherwise signed.
Hello 🙂
Every day, walking around the center of St. Petersburg, I pay attention to the sights of our city, which, of course, are familiar to everyone:
Saint Isaac's Cathedral,
Alexandria Pillar,
marble castle,
Engineering Castle.
All of them were built a very long time ago, they cannot yet be classified as the oldest buildings, but a lot of time has passed, but they have not lost their attractiveness and beauty.
At the same time, if you just go deeper into the city, you can see buildings that can be called the most ancient buildings in appearance, although they were built several decades ago.
You can even not go far, every day, almost everywhere you can hear about dilapidated housing. It happens even when buying an apartment in a new house, the very next year flaws appear, because of which it is simply dangerous for life to be in these apartments.
I was wondering what the oldest buildings in the world?
The oldest buildings in the world
First of all, I want to express my gratitude to Alexander (his blog), the reader of my "".
It was discovered in 1975; bronze bracelets and ceramic buttons were found in it.
Currently, it has been completely restored and is open to the public. This is one of the symbols and main attractions of the city of Menorca.
The most ancient buildings - 8th place!
Treasury of Atreus or Tomb of Agamemnon, built in the ancient city of Mycenae (Greece) during bronze age about 1250 years BC, which is more than 3250 years ago and takes the 8th place in the ranking of the most ancient buildings in the world.
The Treasury of Atreus, due to its grandeur and monumental form, is one of the most impressive monuments preserved from Mycenaean Greece. For example, the lintels over the aisles weigh more than 120 tons!!!
The most ancient buildings - 7th place!
The city of Coral was inhabited approximately between 2600 BC. and 2000 BC. is more than 4600 years ago. And on its territory of 60 hectares there are 19 pyramids.
The most interesting thing is that during the archaeological excavations were found - necklace beads, musical instruments and much more, but there were absolutely no weapons. This means that this one of the most ancient cities was peaceful and most likely its inhabitants were engaged in trade.
The most ancient buildings - 6th place!
The Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt is the oldest stone building in the world.
It was erected before 3000 BC. - this is more than 4700 years ago and consisted of six steps located on top of each other. Overall Height the pyramid of Djoser is 62 meters.
The most ancient buildings - 5th place!
And again the mound. On line 5 of the top 10 ancient buildings in the world, I placed the Hulbjerg barrow, located on the southern tip of Langeland Island.
The most interesting thing is that Hulbjerg Tomb was built 5000 years ago. At the same time, it is completely assembled from 13 stone blocks precisely fitted to each other.
The most ancient buildings - 4th place!
Newgrange is a prehistoric monument under the protection of UNESCO and is located in County Meath, in the eastern part of Ireland, about one kilometer north of the River Boyne.
It was built around 3200 BC - that's over 5,100 years ago.
Today, Newgrange is a popular tourist attraction.
The walls of the passages are made up of large stone slabs, twenty-two of which are on the western side and twenty-one on the east. The height of the stone sides is on average about 1.5 meters in height; decorates many blocks.
The most ancient buildings - 3rd place!
With each line we are getting closer and closer to the first place. And we go deeper and deeper into history.
Monte d'Accoddi was built in the north of Sardinia, between Sassari and Porto Torres around 2700 - 2000 BC - that's about 5,200 years old.
The oldest buildings - 2nd place!
Knap of Howar - on the island of Papa Westray in Orkney (Scotland) approximately 5500 years ago in the period from 3700-2800 years. BC. a manor was built - This is the oldest stone house in Northern Europe.
The walls of the Knap of Howar are still standing and support a 1.6 m high cornice, and the stone furniture has also been preserved, which gives a vivid picture of life in this house. Fireplaces, beds, shelving were found almost intact. Just imagine - more than 5000 years have passed, and they are intact!
The most ancient buildings - 1st place!
Here, in fact, we got to the very ancient building our rating.
And his right is occupied Megalithic temples Malta is a series of prehistoric sites in Malta, seven of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Surprisingly, they were built (just think about it!!) more than 5.5 thousand years ago.
Archaeologists believe that these megalithic complexes are the result of local innovations in the process of cultural evolution. The temples were erected between 3600-3000 BC. BC, which were fully operational and in use until 2500 BC.
Perhaps you can suggest your options in the comments?
Publications in the Architecture section
The oldest buildings in Russia
From Derbent to Vyborg, from Kaliningrad to the Bashkir village of Chishma. We peer into the depths of history and study together with Sofia Bagdasarova which buildings in Russia break age records.
The most ancient buildings
The most ancient buildings erected by man are, undoubtedly, megalithic structures(menhirs, dolmens and cromlechs). The British Stonehenge is the most famous, however, a considerable number of such structures have been preserved on the territory of Russia. It is impossible to choose the most ancient of them, the chronological framework is too wide, and there are no exact dates. The most famous are the dolmens of the Kuban and the Caucasus, created in the 3rd–2nd millennium BC. e. But you can also find them in Northern Russia(for example, on Solovki), and in Siberia.
The oldest Christian churches
The oldest churches in Russia were built in the Byzantine era, even before the Great Schism of Christianity into Orthodoxy and Catholicism in 1054. They are located in the Black Sea basin, which was ruled by Byzantium. The first of them is the Crimean Church of John the Baptist in Kerch - ancient city Panticapaeum, founded in the 7th century BC. e., later - Byzantine possession. This temple, erected by the Byzantines, stood at least as early as 757 AD. e.
Younger and more provincial in terms of architecture are the temples of the Alanian state, which adopted Christianity in 916 (now Karachay-Cherkessia). These are the Shoaninsky temple (1st half of the 10th century), the Sentinsky temple (967) and the three Zelenchuk churches - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (916-925), Elijah the Prophet (10th century) and the Life-Giving Trinity (10th century). They are included in .
ancient islamic buildings
In the same southern regions the oldest Islamic religious building also rises. The Juma Mosque stands in Derbent, an important fortress of the Armenian Emirate of the Arab Caliphate ( modern Dagestan). It was built in 733-734.
Islamic architects also built other types of buildings, but due to poor preservation, researchers sometimes wonder what purpose they were intended for. Such is the mausoleum of Tura Khan, which, perhaps, was not a tomb, but a courtroom. It was built in the 14th-15th centuries (or maybe even in the 12th century) near the village of Chishmy in Bashkortostan. Near the city of Bolgar in Tatarstan there is a historical and archaeological complex "Bulgar" - former city Bulgar ulus of the Golden Horde. There are many sights on its territory, including the mysterious Black Chamber (XIV century): either a mausoleum or a resting place for dervishes. Other Bulgar buildings are also attributed to that era.
The oldest ancient Russian church
The most ancient temples of Ancient Rus' remained on the lands of Ukraine and Belarus. Thus, the oldest church of this medieval state on the territory modern Russia turned out to be the Hagia Sophia in Novgorod, founded in 1045 and completed five years later.
And here ancient church in Moscow, it already belongs to the post-Mongolian time - this is the Spassky Cathedral of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery (1420–1425), now the Andrei Rublev Museum.
In St. Petersburg, the oldest church is the Peter and Paul Cathedral, built in stone in 1712.
The oldest catholic church
The oldest Catholic cathedral on the territory of the Russian Federation is, apparently, Gothic, built in 1288 in East Prussian Königsberg (modern Kaliningrad). It is also, most likely, the oldest Lutheran church, since it, like other Catholic churches in those lands, was taken over by Protestants in the 16th century. Today, an Orthodox community is housed within its walls, and the building bears the name of St. Nicholas Church.
Ancient fortifications
The most ancient fortress building, perhaps, is the Crimean Tower of Zeno in ancient Chersonese, which began to be built in the 2nd century BC. e. during the struggle of this policy with the Scythians. It has been rebuilt several times - the last time in the 10th century. Although today the tower is almost a ruin, its power still impresses.
In the same 10th century, another fortress tower was erected in the Volga Bulgaria (now Tatarstan), which can be seen in the Devil's Settlement (Elabuga Museum-Reserve). Her modern look- result of reconstruction; the original masonry is preserved only on one side.
And in the north of the country there are fortresses founded by eternal enemies - Novgorodians, Livonian knights and the Swedish military. These are the stone Novgorod citadel (1333), the Pskov "Persy" Krom (1393), the Koporskaya fortress (1237) and
