Modern Dagestan. Five souvenirs to bring from Dagestan. Sights of the Republic of Dagestan: photo and description

The Republic of Dagestan, located at the southwestern borders of Russia, is more similar to the state of Western Asia than to the average Russian subject of the Federation. Oriental bazaars, women in headscarves, the architecture of past eras - this and much more gives a spicy flavor to the "Land of Mountains". And if fate gives you the opportunity to visit Dagestan, I strongly recommend looking for a Tabasaran carpet as a souvenir, silver products world-famous Kubachi masters, shepherd's hat, cognac, and from delicious -.

Tabasaran carpet

Kubachi souvenirs

Shepherd's hat

Dagestan cognac

Green walnut jam

Modern Dagestan. Five souvenirs to bring from Dagestan

Tabasaran carpet

Tabasaransky district is located in the mountains of Southern Dagestan, the main craft of which from time immemorial has been carpet weaving. Extensive pastures, a wonderful climate, an abundance of wool contributed to its development. As a rule, from two to five craftswomen sat down at the carpet weaving machine, and the girls were accustomed to this from the age of five! It is noteworthy that the traditions of the Tabasaran carpet live for several centuries. It takes two to three months to make a carpet. The skills and secrets of carpet weaving art were passed down from generation to generation. For her daughter's dowry, the mother wove several carpets, and the bride herself had to weave one. Enter a Dagestan house and you will see a whole collection of various carpets. They are extremely durable, "live" up to 400 years, and Persian ones up to 150.

Kubachi souvenirs

A miracle that came to us from time immemorial. Kubachi - a village in the south of Dagestan, in the V-XV centuries. was the center of the Zirikhgeran region (Persian "zirichgeran" - chain mail). The main craft of the Kubachins is the artistic processing of metals: the manufacture of weapons, daggers, military armor, women's jewelry and utensils. The hands of the Kubachins belong to the two-horned helmet of Alexander the Great, the shield of Alexander Nevsky, the saber of Nadir Shah. In any home, a silver water jug ​​is a common thing. Kunatskaya - a guest room - is a small museum. Now goldsmiths mostly work in the jewelry direction, make dishes, souvenir weapons. Their technique is varied, combining engraving with blackening, shotting, chasing, filigree and carving.

Shepherd's hat

Shepherd or Caucasian, and simply folk hat has become popular in the Caucasus due to practicality, durability, low sewing costs. The hat has always emphasized the masculinity and militancy of the owner.
Returning from a trip to Dagestan with a hat, you will be known as a person who follows fashion. After all, for the last couple of winters, the hat has been in the trend of the ethnic fashion direction.

Dagestan cognac

Dagestan cognac is widely famous. There are two cognac factory- in Derbent and Kizlyar. For centuries, vineyards have been cultivated in these parts, which have been replenished with the best European varieties. The raw material for the future cognac - cognac spirit - is aged in barrels made from local Caucasian oak. A favorable climate, the hard work of more than one generation of winemakers and unique recipes have turned the fruits of local nature into a real masterpiece - a noble cognac. Moreover, some brands of cognac, due to their exquisite softness, can be appreciated by the beautiful half of humanity.

Green walnut jam

Like any eastern country, Dagestan is famous for its oriental sweets. No event is complete without a wide range of sweets. Judge for yourself: halva, chak-chak, shakerbura, mutaki, baklava, shaker-churek and much more. Well, you can taste all this while in the republic, and as a sweet souvenir, I advise you to take green walnut jam home. Do not be surprised, this jam is a delicacy. The technology of its preparation is quite complicated, the jam has to be cooked for a long time due to the bitterness of unripe fruits. They contain much more vitamins and minerals than regular walnuts. This product is especially useful for children, pregnant women and people in a stressful situation.

Russia is a huge country richest history. And this means that in different parts of it you can find a huge number of architectural structures that are of real historical value. Unfortunately to find a large number of information about the location of such valuables is not always possible, in particular, problems arise when it comes to national republics.

Dagestan is one of the republics, about the sights of which very little is known, which means that it is definitely worth dwelling on them in more detail.

In translation, the name of this fortress literally means " locked gate". It is located on the seashore and was built precisely in order to repel possible attacks during the landing of troops from enemy ships. Historically, it is believed that this fortress was erected under Alexander the Great.

It is noteworthy that the fortress combines a huge variety architectural styles. This is primarily due to the fact that for many centuries the fortress was actively used, and therefore constantly expanded and restored. The Naryn-Kala fortress is included in the list of protected architectural monuments and is a recognized world heritage site.

Location: Derbent, Rzaev street - 7.

Lakes have always been the object of increased attention of tourists. Kezenoy-Am stands out, first of all, for its location. To be more precise, it is located on the southern slope of the Andean Range at an altitude of 1869 meters above sea level. The local scenery is truly amazing.

On all sides, the lake is surrounded by mountains and rocks, the coastal area has a diverse vegetable world. In addition to the natural and untouched beauty, tourists are also attracted by clean Mountain air and gentle sun. The lake is especially popular with outdoor enthusiasts.

Built in 1839 as defensive structure, today it is historical monument federal architecture. In the old days, the fortress has seen more than one battle and almost always remained impregnable.

Currently, the fortress, unfortunately, is closed to the public, because. no one followed the building for a long time and it simply began to collapse. However, there are extreme lovers who, despite the mortal danger, visit this historically significant place.

Location: Ahty.

Mount Shalbuzdag is not only the most high mountain in Dagestan (its height exceeds four thousand meters above sea level), but it is also a holy place for Muslims and an object of pilgrimage. If speak about ordinary tourists, then stunning picturesque nature awaits them, various flowers grow on the slopes of the mountain and many animals and birds live.

It is one of the most popular natural attractions. Geographically, it is located near the Khunzakh fortress and the village of Arani. The terrain here is amazingly flat and a sudden break in many people associates with the "end of the world."

The approximate height of the waterfall is more than a hundred meters. But the waterfall looks especially impressive in winter, when the water freezes and the gorge takes on a fabulous look of a snowy kingdom.

The canyon originates in the mountains, in the place where the Sulak River separates Salatau and the Gimry Range. The depth of the canyon is unimaginable, and is almost two thousand meters. Sulak Canyon is a place of amazing beauty and a monument of natural and untouched nature.

Every year it amazing place visited by hundreds of tourists, among whom there are pilgrims, historians, photographers and artists. The Sulak Canyon rightfully bears the title of the most memorable place among all the sights of the Republic of Dagestan.

This fortress is a historically significant place; during its heyday, these walls witnessed the brutal Caucasian war. And despite the fact that only ruins remain of the fortress today, even they are of great interest to tourists from different countries.

The peculiarity of the fortress is that not far from the fortress wall there is an underground passage that leads from the building to the nearby settlement. You can hear many stories and legends about this place, many of which are absolutely plausible. Therefore, the flow of tourists here will not dry up for a long time.

A unique natural monument of Dagestan. It is the largest sand dune not only in Europe, but throughout Eurasia. Its height is more than two hundred and sixty meters. But the most surprising is its location.

How a dune of this size ended up among the mountains and the sea remains unsolved mystery. In any case, the spectacle is simply amazing and beyond description in simple words.

"Lun" - is the largest ekranoplan in the world and produced in a single copy. Its mass is two hundred and forty-three tons, with an external similarity to an airplane, it is actually a hovercraft.

Many ekranoplanes developed by Soviet engineers were tested in Kaspiysk. However, the "Lun" is especially noteworthy in that it is a very effective instance of a combat vehicle, the purpose of which is to fight aircraft carriers. In addition, it has been perfectly preserved to this day. It is not often possible to see such a flight of thought, the unusual design causes a huge mass of impressions among technology lovers.

Attraction, which was chosen by many lovers of speleology. Among the caves in the Karabudakhkent region, there are three largest ones. The largest of them, at the same time, has a length of about 125 meters and has eight halls connected by narrow passages.

In one of the caves you can find a colony of many thousands of bats, naturally, for ordinary tourist it will not be the most pleasant meeting, but if we talk about wildlife lovers, then they will clearly have something to see here.

Is the largest round tower preserved in the North Caucasus. Outwardly, it is a cone-shaped structure with observation deck upstairs. During construction, the tower was supposed to perform signal and security functions.

Structurally, the tower has walls with a thickness of about two meters, the structure itself has a base diameter of about seven meters. The entrance gate is located at the level of the second floor, which made it possible to get inside only by using a ladder. In total, there are about twenty loopholes in the walls of the tower. The tower is included in world fund cultural heritage of mankind.

A distinctive feature of this fortress is that it was built not from rough stone blocks, like most defensive mountain structures, but from selected stone, fastened together with mortar. The thickness of the fortress walls is two and a half meters, and the height is about twenty-five meters.

Geographically, the fortress is located near the gorge from the side of the village Khunchi. This position offers excellent visibility in all directions and complete control over the road to Upper Tabasaran.

Location: Khuchni village.

The monument is located in the capital of Dagestan, the city of Makhachkala. It is noteworthy that this is the first monument in the world dedicated to the Russian Teacher.

Externally, the monument is a ten-meter sculpture made of bronze, which depicts a young modest woman with a globe in one hand and an open book in the other. At the opening of the monument, President of the Republic of Dagestan M. Aliyev noted that "the monument symbolizes the role of the Russian intelligentsia in the educational development of the Dagestan people."

Location: Makhachkala, Komsomolsky prospect — 59 .

Work on the construction of a lighthouse in Derbent began in 1851 and was completed a little less than a year later. Distinctive feature is the fact that the Derbent lighthouse is still successfully operating today, while being the southernmost lighthouse in the country.

In 2007, it was reconstructed and a new, more powerful light source was installed. The Derbent lighthouse is included in the list of architectural historical buildings under protection. When visiting the city, be sure to pay attention Special attention and this attraction.

Dagestan has always attracted attention with the beauty of its nature and originality of culture. The republic is located at the crossroads of Asia and Europe, so it adopted the traditions and customs of these two. Rest here is a pleasure, because you don’t have to choose between the sea, mountains and forest, everything is here. Silence, tranquility, clean air contribute to relaxation. The sights of Dagestan will not let you get bored, so the time intended for rest will be spent fun and usefully.

It provides unique opportunities to get acquainted with the culture of one of the most ancient peoples, to look at architectural and belonging to different eras, to admire the local landscapes to your heart's content. Violent rivers, alpine villages, flowering meadows, clean beaches, The Caspian Sea - this is Dagestan. The Republic welcomes its guests very cordially, so do not be afraid of hostility from outside local residents they are very hospitable and friendly.

For comfortable rest it is best to choose boarding houses or hotels located in Makhachkala. Sights of Makhachkala will not let you get bored, as this is one of the most picturesque cities in the Caucasus. A huge number of entertainment and cultural institutions, mountains, hot mineral springs, the sea will allow you not only to have a good rest, but also to improve your body. It is also worth visiting Derbent - the oldest Cultural Center republics. There is a favorable climate beautiful nature, many monuments of architecture and history. It was from here that the traditions of Islam, artistic crafts, art, and writing spread.

The main attractions of Dagestan are, of course, landscapes mountain peaks, dense forests, meadows and sea. You should definitely visit which is a real pearl of the southern part of the republic. This is the only liana subtropical forest in all of Russia. The grass here in places reaches the waist, at every step there are lianas. Equipped on the seashore great places for recreation, near the forest, clean spring water, beach.

The architectural sights of Dagestan should be looked for in the village of Kubachi. Rapid ledges, stone cascades of sakleys are somewhat reminiscent of a waterfall. In some places, the saklis grew together, creating a structure with several floors. Here you can get acquainted with the techniques of chasing and notching on precious stones. The most beautiful place is Gunib. It has a very mild climate, which is in no way inferior to Teberd, Davos or Abastumani. There are practically no winds, a lot of sun, clean air - all this has a beneficial effect on human health.

Tobot waterfall, Mount Addala, dune Sary-Kum, Aeolian city, Sulak Canyon, Mount Shalbuzdag - these are not all the sights of Dagestan. What are they worth beautiful beaches washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea, beautiful caves, fortresses built several centuries ago! In the republic, you can even find inscribed on stones in the 4th century BC. e. and preserved to this day. It is interesting for architecture lovers to look at watchtowers and battle towers. Since the people were constantly at war with someone, the buildings are scattered throughout the republic. A trip to Dagestan will remain in your memory for a long time, because there is something to do and see here.

Dagestan is a unique and amazing republic. Everything is here: the sea, raging rivers and waterfalls, plains and steppes, tall picturesque mountains ancient architectural structures. In addition, Dagestan is the most multinational republic in Russia, in which representatives of over 50 nationalities coexist peacefully. The most comfortable way to get to it is by plane, the cost of air tickets to Makhachkala starts from 1990 rubles (one way). Let's now move on to the sights.

Shalbuzdag- one of the most important tourist and religious attractions of South Dagestan, which is also one of the the highest peaks southeastern part of the Main Caucasian ridge. It is associated with many beliefs and legends. It is impossible to feel all the greatness of Mount Shalbuzdag from photographs, it must be seen! Climbing to the top you will see 6 significant places mountains: the sanctuary of Suleiman, golden Erenler, Mountain Lake Zem-Zem, “Place for making wishes”, “Sinometer” - a narrow passage between two rocks, which, according to legend, clamps sinners and, finally, the Erenler feast. Places of shrines and historical sights attract Muslim pilgrims and tourists here, and diverse flora and fauna attract nature lovers and scientific researchers.

Saltinskaya gorge is an amazing natural monument and has been under state protection since 1983. At the entrance to the gorge is located picturesque waterfall, after which the gorge passes into the grotto. The most beautiful waterfall falling from a twenty-meter height, which is also called underground. It is formed from a river with a very beautiful name"Saltinka". The Salta gorge is unique for its natural tunnels through which this river flows. Today it is one of the most beautiful places in Dagestan.

In the Gunibsky district of Dagestan, on the crest of Mount Gamsutlmeer, there is a beautiful Avar village Gamsutl. Many years ago, in its place was a large Avar settlement, carved from the rocks, self-sufficient and invulnerable to conquerors. In the village were kindergarten, school, clinic and even a maternity hospital. Today, not a single inhabitant remains in the village. In the buildings of Gamsutl, time has long stopped, and instead of a roof over your head, there is only a blue sky. Picturesque mountain scenery And ancient buildings surprise and amaze, make you think about the meaning of life and allow you to travel back several centuries.

Unique natural monument Dagestan - miraculous bridge over the gorge near the village of Kuzhnik, Tabasaran region. A hundred-meter stone arch, about 6 meters wide, stretched over mountain valley about 50 meters and looks very picturesque. In essence, this is a sandstone layer that has broken away from the main massif.

True, local residents consider this place sacred and do not approve of walking along it. Thanks to these rigor, the amazing arch has survived so well. In addition, walking along the rock would be quite dangerous, and to admire it and make beautiful pictures possible from afar.

Sarykum - majestic sandy mountain with total area 600 hectares and a height of 262 meters. This natural monument is the only one not only in Russia, but throughout Eurasia. Barkhan Sarykum is called a fragment of Asian deserts, surrounded by steppes.

Scientists have established that Sarykum is several hundred thousand years old. Huge masses of sand, of which it is composed, are the products of weathering of the sandstones of the surrounding mountains and the deposition of ancient Caspian terraces. Sarykum has four peaks, which change their shape after each storm. The base of the dune itself remains motionless, only the ridges move at the behest of the winds.

The flora of Sarykum is of particular interest. Along with representatives of the desert at the foot of the mountain, there are whole thickets of reeds and such moisture-loving trees as willow, poplar, and acacia.

We talked about 5 interesting places Dagestan, but believe me there are much more of them: Karabudakhkent caves, Tobot waterfall, Mineral springs Dagestan, Sulak canyon, Samur liana forest, Eolian city, Karadakh gorge, Naryn-kala fortress. But we will definitely tell you about them next time!

Dagestan- a republic whose territory is strewn with unique and colorful traditions, ancient crafts and is famous for its exquisite dry wine. Until today, Dagestan has preserved many villages, the inhabitants of which do not change centuries old traditions their ancestors and proudly pass them on from generation to generation. There is a lot to see in this republic. Among the huge number of attractions you will find unique ancient mosques, ancient fortresses and many other monuments.

The location of Dagestan allows it to be called "paradise" for tourists. After all, the proud and chic bays of the beaches of the Caspian Lake are simply impressive. Only here in one day you can ski on one of the ski slopes and relax on the Caspian coast. Fans of something original and colorful should get acquainted with Caucasian traditions and see unique sights, short review which we will now go through.

Did you know that ... on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan, there are more than 8 thousand monuments under protection.

Architectural monuments

Traveling in the Caucasus, first of all, you will be delighted with the abundant number of unique ancient structures.

• Naryn-Kala Fortress (Derbent). Derbent is a fortress city, which is not only the most ancient in all of Russia, but also one of the oldest cities in the whole world. It is here on the mountain above Derbent that one of the main attractions of the Caucasus, the Naryn-Kala fortress, is located. The citadel was built in the VI century, and its name means "Sun Gate". Like many other Naryn-Kala fortresses, it was built for defensive purposes. Despite its antiquity, the citadel has perfectly preserved to this day.

Did you know that ... the sea part of the wall goes into the sea for as much as 500 m! The area of ​​the fortress reaches 4.5 hectares. There is evidence that its construction took 7 times more material than the pyramid of Cheops in Egypt!

• cala koreys. This is a unique village in the Dakhadaevsky district, whose houses are located at an altitude of more than 1000 m above sea level and were built in the 7th century. It was possible to get to the village along one steep mountain path. To date, only 1 resident lives in Cala Koreys, who is doing his best to restore and maintain the unique structures of ancient houses in the hope that life will return to the village again.
• "Fortress of seven brothers and one sister" (Kharba Guran). The fortress dates back to the 17th century. The method of building Harba Guran is much different from the usual appearance of other fortresses. The walls are built of brick, but the towers themselves are made of raw rock. According to legend, the fortress was guarded by 7 brothers, whom no one could defeat. But one day the sister of the heroes fell in love with the leader of the enemies. She waited for the night and spoiled all the weapons for the soldiers. While trying to escape into the forest, she was caught by her brothers, who threw stones at her.

Did you know that ... there is a tradition for men to throw 7 stones on the hill of the fortress, and for women - 1 stone. Thus, men show their contempt for the sister of the heroes, and women show their compassion for her.

Also among the architectural heritage of the Caucasus worth a visit:

• Gunib fortress;
• Itsarinsky tower;

• Mosque "Heart of Chechnya"(Grozny);
• Akhtynskaya fortress and etc.

natural attractions

• Barkhan Sary-Kum. Sary-Kum is the largest sand dune in all of Eurasia. Its height reaches 262 m. Seeing the dune for the first time, one gets the impression that it was torn off from the Sahara desert and transferred to Dagestan. And at the foot of Sary-Kum, the flora is excellently developed, more than 300 species of various rare plants have been registered there.
• Samur Forest Reserve. This is the only subtropical liana forest that attracts tourists and does not leave them without vivid impressions. The entire reserve receives the moisture it needs not from precipitation, but from underground sources. Previously, some species of trees and birds of the forest were sacred, and any harm done to the plant was punished. But apart from their unique flora and fauna The Samur Forest will also surprise you with a whole network of small lakes.
• Akhtyn mineral springs. Mineral springs in the village of Akhty are little known to tourists, but are highly valued and popular among local residents. The temperature of the waters in the source, depending on the season, ranges from 30º-40º to 60º. And in the sources of Zheni-Yad and Khemar, you can improve your health. They have shown themselves excellently in the prevention of lung diseases, gastrointestinal tract, joints and skin.

Barkhan Sary-Kum
The wonders of nature of the Dagestan region do not end there. Be sure to visit at least one of these places when traveling in this region:

• Mount Izbergtau(Pushkin-tau);
• lake Kozenoy-Am(Vedeno district);

• Karabudakhkent caves;
• Tobot waterfall(Khunzakhsky district);
• Sulak Canyon.

Shrines of Dagestan

Church of the Holy All-Savior (Derbent). It was erected on the site of an Armenian chapel in the beginning. XIX century. During civil war the building of the shrine was damaged by bullets and shelling, but local authority restored it and brought it back to its original state. To date, the temple does not work, and inside it there is a museum of "Carpet and decorative and applied arts."

Important!

Address: Derbent, st. Kazi-Magomed, 7.

Holy Sign Cathedral (Khasavyurt). This cathedral is the largest Orthodox church on the North. The shrine was erected in the beginning. XX century Terek Cossacks. The temple was valid until 1939, after which it was closed and given over to a fuel and lubricants warehouse. After a fire in 1943, the temple resumed its work and services began to be held in it. Before closing, the interior of the cathedral was decorated with unique moldings and paintings. Unfortunately, after the fire, all the rich atmosphere of the temple was destroyed.

Do not ignore other holy places of Dagestan:

• Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos;
• Kumukh Juma Mosque and etc.

Museums and monuments of Dagestan

The Museum Fund of Dagestan will please with its abundance. Be sure to visit the following museums in this Caucasian region:

• Kizlyarsky local history museum them. P. I. Bagration;
• museum of carpets and arts and crafts in Derbent;

• Dagestan Museum fine arts(Makhachkala);
• house of Peter I (Derbent);
• cultural and historical complex "Akhulgo" and etc.

Museum of Carpets and Decorative and Applied Arts
There are a large number of various monuments on the territory of the republic. The most popular of them are:

• monument to Russian teacher(Makhachkala);
• obelisk-monument "Grieving mother"(Kaspiysk);

• monument to S. M. Kirov(Makhachkala);
• monument to Rasul Gamzatov(Makhachkala), etc.

Monument to Russian teacher

Video clip about the beauty of Dagestan and its nature

Fabulously Beautiful Dagestan. Video about the beauty of Dagestan, you will see some of the most beautiful places Dagestan. Enjoy watching!

What to see in Dagestan with children?

Holidays with children should be thought out to the smallest detail. So, first of all, we recommend that you make a list of places that will be of interest not only to you, but also to your children.

1. If your family loves leisure in nature, then a must-visit Tarki-Tau mountains(Makhachkala) and Pushkin-tau.
2. Also take a look at the unique natural monument Aeolian city in the Khiva region.
3. Today in Dagestan there is a large number of sanatoriums and recreation centers where you can have a great time with your kids. Some of them even contain springs that will help improve health. Such resort areas excursions to the main attractions of Dagestan are provided.
4. Get positive emotions you can visit water park Izberbash. By the way, in Izberbash very good beaches which are covered with fine-grained sand. They are equipped with shady awnings, changing rooms and showers in which thermal water from local sources.

If you prefer to relax in historical sights, like to learn the secrets and legends of ancient buildings, then visit at least a few fortresses from this list:

• Naryn-Kalu in Derbent;
• Gunib fortress;
• Akhtynskaya in Makhachkala and etc.

Dagestan is a republic with a wealthy cultural heritage. Here, every tourist is a guest, and such a sincere atmosphere is especially impressive. You will undoubtedly be amazed by the amazing traditional crafts of the Dagestan residents. Namely: carpets with incredible patterns, amazing pottery. Do not refuse to enjoy traditional dishes Dagestan, namely: try urbech, khinkali, Avar miracle and kurze. Dagestan will happily meet every tourist and open its own wonderful world With deep history and age-old traditions.