Is the separation of the North Caucasus from Russia inevitable: opinions. Transgender people in the Caucasus: do they have a future?
Good afternoon, dear readers. The beginning of October is in the yard, the time of holidays for the majority of Russians is left behind. In fairness, it should be noted that the holidays of many of our compatriots this year were not entirely successful.
The reason for this was massive problems with tour operators, many of which suspended their activities. This circumstance, as well as the tense political situation around Russia, led to sharp decline(according to some sources up to 30%) outbound tourism.
As they say, there would be no happiness - but misfortune helped. Rosstat recently reported that the country is experiencing a surge in domestic tourism. The Russians, for obvious reasons, began to relax more “at home” than over the hill.
Rest in the Caucasus since the times of the USSR, it has been shrouded in a veil of mysteries and stereotypes. Whole territory North Caucasus strewn with recreational, natural and historical centers: medical health resorts of Stavropol, ski resorts of Sochi and Kabardino-Balkaria, the famous Dombay, the coast of the Black and Caspian Seas, ancient monuments architecture and modern skyscrapers of Grozny…
You can go on for a long time. For example, a lot of people come just to breathe clean mountain air. I have a friend who makes a special visit every three years just to eat plenty of organic fruits and vegetables.
IN Lately more and more often I hear from people that they would be happy to visit the Caucasus, but that's "a little scary." Various arguments are given: there are strict traditions and customs, people wear a veil, a lot of nationalities, wild views of young people, rampant crime, religious fanatics...
These 10 points must be taken into account when planning your vacation in the Caucasus?
I will not pull the cat for the known organs, straight to the point. I confess that I’m already a little tired of answering the same questions on social networks about planning a vacation in the Caucasus: how to dress, what to take with you, what kind of food is there, how Russian girls are treated, whether it is necessary to learn local languages, what is customary to give Caucasians, how to talk to them correctly? And a million more questions.
In this article, I decided to reveal 10 important aspects that you must definitely consider if you plan to conduct long-awaited vacation in one of the corners of the mountainous region. In general, I am writing an article for myself in order to give it to those who will ask me the above questions. Although, each of you will find something useful here for yourself or write your opinion in the comments and supplement me.
- Familiarize yourself with the traditions and customs of the locals in advance.
It is very important to do this, even in order not to get into a mess like Shurik in the movie "Prisoner of the Caucasus":
Dozens of peoples live in the Caucasus, each of them has its own traditions. Having studied a little of their history and culture, you will immediately get an undeniable advantage over an unprepared person and will be able to win over the local population.
And do not say that there is no time for this or little information. The Internet is simply filled with exhaustive materials about traditions. Do not be lazy, read and learn the basics, so that later it would be easier for you to talk with those who will receive you.
- Try to choose clothes that are more modest.
Medialeaks correspondent spent two weeks in the Caucasus in one of the most popular winter resorts having time to enjoy all the delights of domestic tourism. Having survived extortions, theft and almost becoming an unwitting accomplice in crime, OLGA KHOKHRYAKOVA tells what you need to be prepared for when going on vacation instead of Egypt and Turkey to the North Caucasus.
Two categories of people come to the Caucasus: skiers (snowboarders and skiers) - the majority of them - and just tourists who like to breathe fresh air and wake up with a view of the mountains outside the window.
Our small company belongs to the first category. And for several years now we have been traveling to various parts of Russia, exploring the country almost every holiday. For example, last year the winter vacation we spent beyond the Arctic Circle - near Murmansk, where there are also ski resorts. And this year we decided to try the classics of skiers - the Caucasus.
We rested in the famous resort of Elbrus (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), which is 200 km from the airport of Mineralnye Vody. There are two resorts here - at the Cheget glade and at the Azau glade. There are 5 kilometers between them. We lived on Cheget, and rode mainly in Azau - this is more major resort with trails different levels difficulties.
Get ready for the takedown
Two weeks in the Caucasus New Year cost us about 70 thousand per person, including tickets, accommodation, ski passes (a card that gives you the right to go to the lifts) and food. As well as unforeseen expenses, for which it is worth preparing financially when traveling to the Caucasus.
From the first days, you begin to get the feeling that at every step you are being pulled out of a hundred. Here, in general, everything costs 100 rubles (and a multiple of them). And here you need to pay for everything - this is how the system works.
First, a taxi. public transport there is not, was not and apparently will not be, although the resort has existed for more than a decade. Everything is divided among private owners who have iron prices, below which they do not carry. For example, how much does it cost to drive 5 km from one resort to another? 300 rubles per car. In Moscow, for this money, you can easily agree to get from Kitay-Gorod to Ostankino.
For the transportation of passengers with snowboards, skis and sticks, the trunk of every domestic passenger car is equipped here (and there are no other cars, except perhaps a few private minibuses). I never understood how they secure the equipment in the trunk, but one day our driver did not even bother to close it. I drove all the way, looking back, especially since it was a hatchback.
If someone comes here and takes people cheaper, they will quickly knock him on the head and drive him out of the clearing, ”said our taxi driver, with whom we became friends.
And when the flow of tourists increased after the New Year, a traffic police post appeared on the way, which divided the road into two parts. So I had to pay 200 before the post, then go with skis through the post, collect people on a large minibus and another 50 rubles per person.
If you want to go somewhere other than the slopes, the prices are as follows: from the Elbrus region to the Chegem waterfalls - 3000 rubles per car. If you grab more thermal source near Nalchik - 5000 rubles. To get to Grozny and back - 8000 rubles.
And to rudeness
From the moment you pay the money, no one else owes you anything.
Let's not say that the prices for a ski pass at Azau increased by 2.5 times - from 900 rubles to 2200 per day. Here we must remember that at any time they can hang a magic sign on the cash register of any content.
For example, we bought a ski pass before the New Year, and 100 rubles are pledged for it (for the card itself). And when they came to ride a couple of days later - after the New Year - they saw a sign "Old-style cards are not accepted."
Will you return the deposit?
Of course not, the cashier said categorically.
No, she wasn't joking. They not only didn’t give us a deposit, they refused to change the card for a new one, so we had to pay another 100 rubles as a deposit for new card. And like, well, these hundred rubles, but this happens at every turn.
And how is it that you take a deposit and then do not return it?
I should have turned in my card earlier.
Of course, no one warned us that the cards could suddenly change. Moreover, a couple of days before that, I asked the cashiers when the prices would rise, and they said “we don’t know.” And they didn’t say anything about the fact that it’s better to hand over cards, otherwise they won’t accept them later. And there was no sign.
But there was another sign that says: if anything, all your problems. Bought a ski pass and the cable car was closed due to the weather? Money is not returned - you yourself must monitor the forecast and assess the situation (money is returned only if the entire resort closes).
And they always sell ski passes for all cable cars, even for those that are closed.
Does the cable car operate to Garabashi station?
And yesterday you told me that before Mir also works. And she was closed.
Who told you this? - hatched the cashier.
You personally told me.
They can sell you a ski pass to any point, saying that it works. But as a matter of fact - you will find out only there.
Don't forget to pay tribute
Does your taxi driver want to enter the territory of the Cheget glade at the height of the day, when there are a lot of people? Immediately a man appears who stands in front of the entrance with a wad of money and collects from everyone who wants to pass.
Need a baby lift? It looks something like this, although this photo is not from the Elbrus region:
And it is free in Europe, near Murmansk, but everywhere. Here is an uncle and collects 20 rubles for the rise. No checks or cash registers.
Tell me, is that children's lift paid?
I don't know, - the cashier snaps with displeasure.
How do you not know that he does not apply to you?
No, and closes the window.
Yes, this is another feature of the Caucasus - if usually “one resort - one owner - one ski pass”, then whoever had time sat down.
Toilets are also a separate business, because it is difficult to find a cafe at any of the stations where it will be. And why, if you can put it separately, then people will have to go through the cold and pay another 20-30 rubles.
Don't expect quality for your money
It would seem that for 2200 per day the level should not be lower than the post-Olympic Sochi, where ski passes this season were sold for 2500. But when relaxing in the resorts of the North Caucasus, you must remember that here you are not guaranteed anything for your money. But here:
Lines for buying tickets in 3 windows, in which those who overslept have to stand for an hour, turn into a homogeneous mass;
The queue for the cable car booth is also not regulated in any way, although there is a special person who could let a certain number of people through the passage frame. Several times we almost had fights before our eyes, but special person it didn’t really bother him - he made sure that two did not pass on the same ticket;
They don't care about security here.
This became clear two years ago, after a resonant story with a zorb at another popular ski resort in the Caucasus - Dombai. Where tourists who paid 300 rubles were offered a ride in a zorb. One day he flew off the slope. One of the tourists died, the second was hospitalized.
Zorb is not offered in the Elbrus region, but it is far from safe skiing here. There are practically no fences anywhere in Azau. On Cheget, which is considered one of the most dangerous mountains I didn't see any at all. And that's where people die every year. There was a tragedy here as well.
They heard that an avalanche descended on Cheget.
They talked about it in the booth on the cable car. When we descended, details reached us - three people died under the avalanche.
Half an hour later, already in the room, we answered numerous missed calls from our parents and explained that today we were skating in the wrong place. Even though a few days ago...
The news reported that two girls from Moscow born in 1990 and 1991 and a man from St. Petersburg born in 1973 rode in the wrong place. Well, that is, they say, they are to blame.
“The southern slopes of Cheget are closed for skiing. The track is marked, and there are clear instructions that you can not ride there. People ignore the warnings and as a result, a tragedy occurs,” TASS quoted the head of the press service of the North Caucasian Regional Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
True, he did not specify what instructions he was talking about. Most likely because they are not really there. I was on the slopes and went freeriding, on Cheget I did not see a single grid, not a single fence, not a single table or sign that would show where the track starts and ends. It remains only to focus on others.
Moreover, Cheget is officially positioned as a freeride track and tickets are sold there for those who love its steep off-piste slopes. Here, for example, is a map of Cheget from the official website of the Elbrus Resort:
Freeride zones are marked in purple. Designated. And as you can see, most of them. But here, too, a magic sign hangs at the checkout, which says that due to weather conditions, skiing is not recommended. On this plate, apparently, the responsibility of the resort ends. And in Switzerland, there are special guns that blow up avalanche-prone places so that no one accidentally causes a descent.
The description also says about the southern slopes, which, allegedly, according to the local Ministry of Emergency Situations, are not intended for skiing.
Moreover, the Ministry of Emergency Situations reported that 28 employees of the service were looking for the bodies of the dead, though not a single one is visible on the Channel One video, but there are guys who look like ordinary skiers and snowboarders.
“All three of the dead were removed from the avalanche on Cheget. 28 rescuers took part in the search work on the avalanche fan, about 100 meters long, 30-40 meters wide and with a snow depth of up to 10 meters, ”Interfax-South quoted Kantemir Davydov, head of the press service of the RCRC EMERCOM of Russia.
The Ministry of Emergency Situations also reported that “employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations conduct briefings and talks, distribute booklets and leaflets about avalanche danger, rules of conduct in the mountains (including English language), bring the weather forecast for the coming day and remind you of a single emergency call number "112".
True, neither I nor any of my friends have seen this.
Be prepared for an unexpected set-up
In two weeks, we have almost become accustomed to rudeness and requisitions, especially since the Caucasus is a part of Russia, in which we all grew up. But what happened next was already beyond even the Russian holiday.
On New Year's Eve, in one of the bars in the Cheget glade, our phone was stolen. He was in his pocket, we took pictures, and then, after the fun on the dance floor, he just disappeared. Impressions from the holiday were spoiled, I had to put up with it. Whether the group of Caucasians who all in black came into the bar from time to time, stood at the exit without undressing, and then also left, or someone else is to blame, is unknown.
But 6 days later we got a call. Or rather, the father of the owner of the stolen phone. A certain Jamal called and said that an iPhone was found in his stolen car, which was found in Nalchik. At first, though, he said that he was white, but then he corrected himself, because ours was black. It’s not clear what he wanted, but he hinted that “if he thought that we had stolen the car, then we would have already been sitting.”
The owner of the phone called back as soon as he found out about Jamal. But the woman who introduced herself as his wife picked up the phone. She spoke extremely rudely, asked with hints where our phone came from in their stolen car and showed with all appearance that she did not want to discuss anything. In this conversation, one thing became clear - they live a few kilometers from us, in the Elbrus region. They did not call again, they did not answer SMS, she hung up the next time she called.
So we were left alone with thoughts, which is good that the phone was not found at the scene of the murder. And with a foolish feeling that someone who knows that the phone is stolen and even knows the owner does not lead his ear to give it away.
After that, it became more uncomfortable than ever. Suddenly it became clearly clear that here you are really on your own. You experience something similar just by driving a car through the republics: from Kabardino-Balkaria through North Ossetia and Ingushetia to Chechnya, to Grozny. Where is the stele "Grozny - the center of the world", where Vladimir Putin Avenue flows into Akhmat Kadyrov Avenue, where in fact it was much calmer than in the same Ingushetia, although we saw it from the car window. Where on each border of the republic the car is stopped by armed traffic policemen.
What are the conclusions? When we landed at Domodedovo, our entire company breathed a sigh of relief. No one plans to return to the Caucasus anymore. Because for last years nothing has changed there, and in order for something to change, you need not just pour money into it, but follow, study, delve into it.
It would seem, why else did the government order the creation in 2010 of the company "Resorts of the North Caucasus", which manages ski resorts in the south of Russia?
“The total cost of the tourism cluster project, including in the development of tourism-related sectors of the economy, involves attracting more than 450 billion rubles to the region. investment. Of these, 60 billion rubles. - these are state investments, 390 billion - funds of private investors," the company's website says.
The main shareholders of KSK are the state represented by Special Economic Zones JSC, Sberbank and Vnesheconombank are also among the founders, the website says.
Alexander Khloponin, the presidential envoy to the North Caucasus Federal District, came to the opening of the 3rd line at Azau, however, after he left, it was immediately closed.
So what has actually changed over the past 10 years: nothing at one of the most dangerous resorts, Cheget. New slopes really appeared on Azau, 3 lines of a new cable car were built. But the most important thing is that there is still a feeling in the resort that nothing is controlled, that this is some kind of local Caucasian business, and not strategic important direction for the government. What they think here is not about the safety of vacationers, but only about their money.
True, the air in the Caucasus is really amazing, both nature and its gifts. And nice people, of course, meet.
Will there be a Cossack region in the Caucasus?
Leaders of the modern Cossack movement they do not even doubt that the Cossacks are not an estate, but a people. The Terek Cossacks, based on this version, are a full-fledged Caucasian people. Historians note its special role in the North Caucasus, according to which, "the Cossacks were a civilizational compromise between Russia and the highlanders." In other words, the Terek Cossacks helped the Russians to advance in the region, to include numerous mountain ethnic groups in their sphere of influence. It is believed that the presence of the Cossacks in the region was discovered from the 4th century after Christ, during the heyday of the Alanian kingdom. official history calls another period of the appearance of the first Cossacks on the Terek - the end of the 16th century. In any case, as the Cossacks are convinced, their people have no less rights to Caucasian roots than any other in the region. After all, there is a hypothesis that the Vainakh tribes came to the Caucasus from Western Asia around the 12th century.
The Cossacks served Russia at all times, but after 1917 they met with a sharp rejection of the new government. Yevgeny Morozov, editor-in-chief of the Russian Geopolitical Bulletin and one of the leaders of the modern Cossack movement in Russia, is not surprised, since he perceives the Soviet regime as an attempt to "westernize Russia, to forcibly draw it into European civilization." In general, for the Cossack worldview, it was alien. Having applied the principle of nationality in the North Caucasus, that is, cutting the boundaries of ethnic entities, the Bolsheviks dealt a serious blow to the Cossacks - they did not receive autonomy. Only the Sunzhensky Cossack District was established - now this territory is part of the Republic of Ingushetia. The main Cossack settlements entered the Terek province (region). Moreover, Sovietization gave rise to protests and mountain peoples. The Bolsheviks took away their ancestral land from the highlanders, broke their traditional way of life. And the Cossacks, whom the highlanders considered Russian people, had to answer for this. Caught between the hammer and the anvil, the Cossacks faced a tough need - to agree with their "estate" origin and belonging to the Russian ethnic group. And the Russian people, according to the Soviet approach, did not need their autonomous structures. Otherwise, this process is also called decossackization.
In the post-Soviet period, the ascetics of the Cossack revival began again to defend the right of the Cossacks to call themselves a separate ethnic group. Discussions about their origins have been revived since new force. But it seems to many observers that historians have not come to a consensus on this issue. The state's point of view on this problem became clear after the justice authorities in 2003 annulled the registration of the Cossack national-cultural autonomy in the Mozdok region North Ossetia. Autonomy lasted almost three years. Then its founders were told that the Cossacks were still not accepted as people at the official level. The leaders of the Terek Cossacks intend to challenge this assertion in court. Possible process threatens to turn into a long historical dispute in the courtroom, for which the Russian Themis is hardly ready today.
Faced with the position of the Russian Ministry of Justice, the leaders of the public Terek Cossack army did not give up. By and large, national-cultural autonomy did not suit them either. At the beginning of 2000, a public Committee for the Reconstruction of the Terek Region was formed in Moscow. As planned, this subject should have the territory of the very Soviet Terek province (oblast), which existed until 1922. Then it was "taken apart" by neighboring subjects. Cossack formations - Sunzhensky district, Batalpashinsky, Cossack, Priterechny, Petropavlovsky regions disappeared from the political map of the USSR by 1929. The current Cossacks want to go back to 1921. According to their plans, the new subject should include northern regions Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, North Ossetia and the Caucasus region mineral waters Stavropol Territory. The need to create the Terek region is justified by squeezing out the Cossack population from all these areas. As an example, the fate of the Cossacks of Chechnya and Ingushetia is given - today several thousand mostly elderly people live in both republics. Until 1991, there were almost 400 thousand Slavs in Checheno-Ingushetia, of which several tens of thousands were Cossacks. The 90s became a period of severe trials for the Terek Cossacks, as if returning them to the period of the Bolshevik redistribution of the North Caucasus. The leaders of the public committee are convinced that the formation of a new region can solve many problems.
- The North Caucasian region has found itself in a deep crisis, - Vladimir Parkhomenko, chairman of the committee's coordinating council, says. - It's pointless to talk about local measures. There were many calls for a peaceful life in the North Caucasus, but they had no effect on real life. On the other hand, the territorial structure of Russia has never been a dogma. The borders of the provinces, and then the republics, regions, districts, etc. changed frequently under the influence of both political and economic factors. The Terek region could include only areas with a predominantly Russian population. According to our lawyers, there are no legal obstacles to this. We sent our proposals to State Duma and heard the same opinion there. After all, it appeared after 1991 on political map In the North Caucasus, such an entity as Ingushetia!
Vladimir Parkhomenko proposes a slogan - the Cossacks should live next to the mountain ethnic groups, but not together. In his opinion, today it is quite realistic for representatives of different ethnic groups to live compactly within the same Terek region. Even according to rough estimates, up to 300 thousand Cossacks now live on the territory of the proposed Terek region. During the last census, many Cossacks recorded themselves as Russians, so it is difficult to give accurate statistics on this "people-estate" today.
- It will be profitable for Chechens to live within the Terek region, - emphasizes the geopolitician Yevgeny Morozov. - After all, they will be cut off from the semi-criminal structures that remain on the territory of Chechnya.
But is the formation of such a subject realistic today? Geopolitician Yevgeny Morozov is sure that it is real, but he is against haste. In his opinion, politicians with a Russian national consciousness will gradually and inevitably be established in power. The popularity of the idea of Russian national consciousness, in his opinion, is growing. The further this process develops, the closer the idea of forming the Terek region will come to reality. In the meantime, according to Morozov, one should engage in propaganda of the idea itself.
The leaders of the Terek Cossack army among Russian politicians and experts today more opponents than supporters. The main counterargument is that talking about changing borders in a crisis region only aggravates the crisis. The borders in the region changed very often, but this circumstance rather plays against the idea of "recreating" the Terek region. What year are the boundaries? To this question, different North Caucasian peoples, most likely, will offer different answers. After all, today even in North Ossetia, which is loyal to the federal center, there are calls to remember the lands of the ancestors of the Alans! And they mean very large territories North Caucasus and even the Black Sea.
Terek Cossacks have problems in today's real life enough. However, it is impossible to solve them from the historical standpoint. It requires a real analysis of the current situation and the protection of specific rights of specific people. The formation of the Terek region serves the interests, first of all, of the Cossack population. But Dagestanis, Chechens, Ingush, Ossetians, Kumyks, Kabardians, Karachais already live on these lands, who will not agree that the problem be solved at the expense of their interests. The basis of a federal state is the balance of interests of various ethnic groups. An attempt to return to authoritarianism in ethnopolitics threatens to turn into serious complications throughout the country.
Experts on Caucasian problems are convinced that the federal authorities will react much faster to constructive proposals and real deeds. In the meantime, there are many emotions in the actions of the Cossack leaders, they often appeal to the past than think about the future.
In early April, the leadership of Chechnya invites activists of the Terek Cossack Army to Grozny for a frank discussion on how to return the Slavic population to the republic. So far, the Cossacks are skeptical about this idea of the Chechen authorities. But if they bring real proposals to Grozny, and not a project to "recreate" the Terek region, the discussion may turn out and even eventually give a positive result. The solution to the problems of the Terek Cossacks today depends not only on them, but also to a large extent on the neighboring Caucasian peoples.
Oleg Kusov
IA REX experts on the likelihood of separation from Russia of the outskirts and inland regions
The division of Russia according to Ural ridge inevitable, believes the editor-in-chief of The New Times magazine, journalist, political scientist. At the same time, she added that she “does not see a particular problem” in such a division of the country. Albats made her statement on the air of the Special Opinion program on Ekho Moskvy radio. It was about the economic rivalry between Russia and China. Albats is not the first Russian public figure who “sees no problem” in Russia losing any territories or giving up control over them. REX International Expert Group Coordinator Sergey Sibiryakov spent in social network Maxpark poll on the topic "Is the division of Russia along the Ural Mountains really inevitable?". The results of the survey are presented in the article "". 63% of survey participants think so.
: There will be no division of Russia along the Urals, but how inevitable is the separation of the North Caucasus from Russia?
Yuri Yuriev, political constructor:
It is most likely that Russia will fall in love with a certain Caucasus and dry it out, polish it and use it for the common good. It has always been like this, but before it happened inefficiently, under Christian humility and planetary internationalism, not too smoothly. A certain Caucasus has been rampant since the time of the Murids, as if it consists of the heirs of the hordes of Hulagu and Berke, mutually exterminating on the Terek, and as if the Hordes are still waging war, stopping only at the moment of accepting money for peace. A certain Caucasus tried Sharia and decided to get along with Russia. But a certain Caucasus has not yet tried real Saudi money, this is when money from oil desert they buy out the houses and lands of the inhabitants of fertile lands and say: “Go historically and forever from here somewhere to ... gazavat.” So a certain Caucasus is at risk from all sides. It is worth the Russians to apply at least five percent of the adats of the mountains instead of the criminal code - and the population of a certain Caucasus will be beyond the Arctic Circle, mowing the reindeer moss. A certain Caucasus owes Russia so much in retribution that even if someone suddenly releases it with Saudi money, then Russia will still catch up with it ...
And why "A Certain Caucasus"? But because "Northern Caucasus" is a bit of a misnomer. Politically, there is the "Western Caucasus" and the "Eastern Caucasus". So, it is the “East” that is rampant. And Russia may well use the "western" Caucasus for polishing the "eastern" Caucasus. Who wants to live not by raids and risk, but by savings and intelligence. This strategy has justified itself for centuries right up to Vladivostok, and some Caucasians are not much different from the fast, rapid-fire nomads that once drove some Caucasians into the mountains ...
Evgeny Dyakonov, Financial Consultant:
The situation is progressively moving towards such a development of events. Moreover, the republics of the North Caucasus may be followed by other republics of Russia. Mentally, the North Caucasus is already separated in the minds of Russians. The Kremlin is clearly not in control of the situation. Moreover, all his actions objectively destroy the territorial integrity of Russia. Until the tribal consciousness of the population is overcome, the threat of interethnic, interreligious, interclass conflicts will always remain, casting doubt on the integrity of the country. And tribal consciousness can only destroy a single legal consciousness, mutually beneficial cooperation - in a word, when the conditions are ripe for a normal, civilized capitalism - a political and economic regime with open access, without feudal princelings, such as Kadyrov, governors of bespredelschikov.
Yefim Andursky, human rights activist:
The probability of separation from Russia not only of the outskirts, including the North Caucasus (NC) or the Far East (FER), but also of the interior regions, for example, the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) is quite high. And it depends on the relationship between the Federal Center (FC) and the periphery, or, if you like, on the ratio of centrifugal and centripetal forces. And if the former are determined mainly by external factors, for example, the attractiveness of states, which, in principle, can be joined by regions falling away from decrepit Russia, the latter are determined by internal factors and, in particular, by the economic power of the Federal Center, which was considerably weakened by Gorbachev's perestroika.
Much depends on the governance of the regions. It is obvious that the head of Chechnya controls the situation in his republic quite well. It is also obvious that the position of Mr. Kadyrov will depend on the policy of the Federal Center. In any case, as long as the Federal Center supports Chechnya economically, there is no reason to worry about its separation from Russia. Moreover, the reasonable policy of the FC will allow Russia to turn the NC into its southern outpost, the leadership of which the FC could well entrust to Mr. Kadyrov. The situation is different with the Far East, which our eastern neighbors are mastering on the sly. Here, the way out is seen in the revival of the institution of the general government, whose powers would not be limited to the functions of the federal inspection and which could, at its own discretion, dispose of the federal budget funds allocated for the strengthening and development of the Far East. I guess, that former mayor Kazan Kamil Iskhakov, whom I know as a hard-working and strong-willed leader, would not be the worst candidate for the position of Far Eastern Governor-General.
A few words about Tatarstan. From a formal point of view, RT is already separated from Russia. In accordance with Art. 1 of the internal constitution, the republic represents, I quote, “a democratic constitutional state, united with Russian Federation". Now think for yourself what will happen if the state councilor Mintimer Shaimiev, still enjoying considerable authority, will advise the President to join the Republic of Tatarstan to any Islamic state. Will the most powerful person in the world (according to the crafty Forbes) be able to prevent this? But in this case, Russia would have received such hemorrhoids, in comparison with which the problems of the Far East and the NC would have seemed like a childish prank. The words of local leaders should also be taken into account. For example, Mr. Minnikhanov that RT is an Islamic republic, and Mr. Shaimiev, who stated that the republic can "hold a referendum and submit to the will of the population."
Alexander Khurshudov, oil and gas policy expert, candidate of technical sciences:
Not how much. It's stupid to even talk about it. global trend is that countries UNITE into unions. The collapse of the USSR only confirms this. Several republics have joined the EU, others have joined the Customs Union, and the rest are vegetating.
Rest in the Caucasus is a great time that gives a good mood for the whole year. In addition, on local resorts health can be restored. The areas located along the Black Sea coast are characterized by a developed recreational network. On their territory is a large number of resort towns and cities. can be conditionally divided into four recreation areas. They formed around Gelendzhik, Anapa, Sochi and Tuapse. All these cities of the Caucasus are major tourist centers.
The resort area of Anapa
Along the Black Sea coast, flat plateaus and rocky shores stretch for eighty kilometers, pebble beaches And sand dunes, mud hills and juniper relict forests. All this is the Anapa resort.
The sanatoriums of the Caucasus in this zone are located not only in the city itself, but also in the adjacent settlements- Vityazevo, Blagoveshchenskoye, Sukko, Bimlyuk, and Dzhemete.
Rest in the Caucasus in the city of Anapa is preferred by couples with children. Exactly this sunny place on the Black Sea coast (280 days a year). Average annual temperature water in the coastal marine zone is 15.5 degrees, and air - 11.9 above zero. You can swim in Anapa from May to October.
In this resort there are mineral water springs, which are used not only for table, but also for medicinal drinking, as well as for balneological-type procedures. Practice in Anapa and a very unusual form of getting rid of many ailments. This is ampelotherapy, or grape therapy. On the sea plantations of the city, oysters, mussels and rapans are grown, which are used for dietary nutrition of vacationers.
Numerous sanatoriums of the Caucasus, rest houses, boarding houses, camp sites, youth and children's health centers are located in this resort area. In total, there are two hundred and thirty health resorts in the indicated Black Sea territory, designed for the simultaneous residence of forty-five thousand people.
Entertainment
Guests of Anapa can visit the water park built here, which is called the Golden Beach. There is a park in the nearby village of Sukko. extreme entertainment. Built on its territory picturesque castle"Lion's Head", which in its architecture is similar to the medieval defensive structure. It can accommodate 1,200 visitors at the same time, who will have the opportunity to see the colorful show program of the jousting tournament, shoot at the shooting range with a crossbow and become participants in some other rituals in the spirit of that time.
The resort city of Anapa has numerous tour agencies, entertainment and cultural institutions, travel companies. There is a railway and bus station, sea port and airport.
Treatment
Rest in the Caucasus in the resort area of Anapa is a great opportunity to improve your health. Among the one hundred and seventy-six sanatorium institutions of this region, a quarter are year-round. important healing factor resort are sand, air and sunbathing, as well as swimming in the sea.
Getting rid of various pathologies is facilitated by the use of iodine-bromine water and mud therapy. The main profile of the resort area of Anapa are diseases of the vessels and heart, nervous system, digestive and respiratory organs. Semigorsk waters are used in health resorts for medical nutrition mineral springs. And the mud from the Anapa deposits may well compete with even the most famous cosmetic and therapeutic mud existing on our planet.
Resort area of Gelendzhik
It stretched along the Black Sea for a hundred kilometers. The sanatoriums of the Caucasus, located on its territory, are very popular with vacationers.
The city of Gelendzhik is located on the shore of a beautiful bay of the same name. It is protected from storms and storms by the bordering of the picturesque Caucasus Mountains.
Gelendzhik Bay is not only an ideal harbor. Calm, warmed by the sun and pure water is excellent for swimming.
The resort town is spread out on the seashore in the form of an amphitheatre. At the same time, it is surrounded by the green picturesque slopes of the Markoth Range, from which the main Sand and pebble beaches stretched for tens of kilometers at the very foot of the mountains.
Climatic conditions
Holidays in the Caucasus in the Gelendzhik zone will be unforgettable for any person. This is facilitated by the unique nature of the region. Climatic conditions in Gelendzhik correspond to the Mediterranean type. This is both early spring and dry, cool summer ( average temperature is plus twenty-four degrees), and the gentle sea. At the same time, the evergreen vegetation of the region and the freshness of the rivers descending from the mountains, the absence of large flows of transport and industrial enterprises are attractive for vacationers.
Priority directions in treatment
Rest in the Caucasus at sea in the resort area of Gelendzhik is preferred by people suffering from pulmonary pathologies. Air saturated with air ions contributes to the elimination of these diseases. These elements useful for the human body have a beneficial effect on all organs.
Excursions and entertainment
Gelendzhik is famous not only for its unique nature with healing powers. This city has fascinating story. In the vicinity of Gelendzhik there are monuments ancient civilization. Guests of this wonderful land can get acquainted with the same age as the pyramids of Egypt - dolmens. These are structures made of stone slabs. It is believed that they were built in the period from the third to the second century BC. Around resort town there are ruins of ancient fortresses and medieval burial mounds. In Gelendzhik itself there is a water park and an adventure park.
Tuapse resort area
Where to go in summer? In the event that the place where you are going to rest is Black Sea coast Caucasus, it is worth paying attention to the territory of the Tuapse region. On it are such resort villages, like Lermontovo and Dzhubga, Olginka and Novomikhailovsky, Agoy and others.
stretched out Tuapse district along the main Caucasian ridge. Its territory is eighty kilometers long and forty-three wide. In the center of this resort area are located sandy beaches, and on the outskirts - pebble and stone. Along the entire coast of the region there are wide valleys, where citrus plantations, orchards and vineyards grow.
Climatologists consider the Tuapse region very favorable for treatment, rehabilitation and recreation. This is facilitated by forests that approach the water itself.
If you come to the Caucasus, a recreation center or car camping, a “star” hotel or health resort will receive you at a high level and give you unforgettable days. Tuapse resort area- This great place for children and family vacation. Here is the health resort "Eaglet". It's a big one child Center, which annually accepts up to fifteen thousand teenagers from all over Russia. On the territory of the district there are two hundred and sixty health-improving institutions, in which more than 32,000 people can rest at the same time.
All health resorts in the Tuapse resort area are built along the Black Sea coast. Vacationers are given the opportunity to have a great time on the beaches. Not far from Tuapse (15 km from the city), the most big water park in Russia - "Dolphin". Fans of antiquity can visit excursions and get acquainted with ancient monuments - dolmens. The Psynako-1 mound is also located here. This mysterious megalithic complex dedicated to the pagan god of the Sun and is the Caucasian analogue of the English Stonehenge.
The resort area of Sochi
There is a large area along the Black Sea coast, which is very popular among vacationers. This famous resort, the uniqueness of which lies in the huge variety of therapeutic natural factors. Its center is the city of Sochi. It is located in the North Caucasus and features one of a kind climatic conditions. Here the subtropics are adjacent to eternal ice. The air in the resort is refreshed by the breezes that blow from the sea during the day and from the mountains at night. Thanks to this, there is no heat in Sochi.
For the treatment of vacationers, the resort offers a variety of mineral waters, and for accommodation - two hundred and fifty objects. Among them are sixty-seven sanatoriums, twenty-seven boarding houses, seven health-improving complexes etc. Health resorts in Sochi can accommodate 600,000 people at the same time.
The North Caucasus gives an unforgettable vacation. Here you can improve your health, and see the numerous sights of the region, and become a spectator of various cultural events, and go skiing in the ski resort.
Matsesta is no less popular with vacationers. This is a resort area located in the suburbs of Sochi. On its territory there are sources of mineral waters, which have been used since time immemorial to get rid of various ailments.
